toppien.¹

/ˈtɒpi/

Etymology: perhaps < topknot n.

A small brown bulbul of the genus Pycnonotus, found in southern Africa, either the Cape bulbul, P. capensis, or the red-eyed bulbul, P. nigricans.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Pycnonotidae (bulbul)

bulbul1784

leaf-love1837

Criniger1856

toppie1899

1899 G. Russell Hist. Old Durban viii. 176 Doves cooed and ‘Toppies’ answered each other obtrusively.

1940 A. Roberts Birds S. Afr. 225 Cape Bulbul, or Toppie..is not such a common bird as the Layard's Bulbul found further east.

1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse x. 142 The commonest bird in Africa, the Toppie as we call him.., is a great character.

1964 D. Varaday Gara-Yaka xv. 126 His best friends became the Toppies, the conical-helmeted small dark birds that disclose the presence of snakes.

1971 J. Drummond Farewell Party vi. 35 There were birds..finches and toppies and a collared sunbird.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

toppien.²

Brit.

/ˈtɒpi/, U.S.

/ˈtɑpi/, South African English

/ˈtɒpi/

Forms: 1900s– topi, 1900s– topie, 1900s– toppie, 1900s– toppy.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Zulu. Etymon: Zulu -thophi.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Zulu -thophi, designating sparse growth (e.g. with reference to a failing crop or thinning hair; compare thophiza to grow sparsely), or perhaps < Hindi ṭopī pith helmet (see topi n.¹), perhaps transmitted via Isicamtho.

South African colloquial.

1. A middle-aged or elderly man. Also (more generally), a fellow, a man. Frequently with defining word, as old toppie.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > old person > old man > [noun]

old maneOE

bevara1275

beauperec1300

vieillard1475

Nestor?c1510

old gentleman1526

haga1529

velyarda1529

old fellow?1555

old sire1557

granfer1564

vecchioc1570

ageman1571

grave-porer1582

grandsire1595

huddle-duddle1599

elder1600

pantaloon1602

cuffc1616

crone1630

old boya1637

codger?1738

dry-beard1749

eld1796

patriarch1819

oubaas1824

old chap1840

pap1844

pop1844

tad1877

old baas1882

senex1898

finger1904

AK1911

alte kacker1911

poppa stoppa1944

madala1960

Ntate1975

1963 L. F. Freed Crime in S. Afr. vi. 127 The tsotsis have a variety of words for money... Their word for an old man is ‘toppie’, for a young girl ‘tjerrie’, for a European ‘lani’.

1979 F. Dike First S. African 12 How can he live at the hostels taking all that shit from those topies there?

1986 W. P. Finnegan Crossing Line xiv. 67 You might find some old toppie just sitting there in the road crying. He had taken some drinks, you know, and now he couldn't find his house!

2016 Cape Argus (Nexis) 6 Feb. (Sport section) 27 Another toppie was showing youngsters half his age how to ride macking 15-foot barrels at Banzai Pipeline in Hawaii.

2. A person's father.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > father > [noun]

fatherOE

sirec1250

authora1398

flesh-fathera1400

genitor1447

daddy1523

dad1533

bab1598

patera1600

dada1672

relieving officer1677

papa1681

pappy1722

baba1771

pa1773

governor1783

paw1826

fatherkin1839

pop1840

bap1842

pap1844

da1851

baba1862

puppa1885

pops1893

poppa1897

pot and pan1900

papasana1904

daddy-o1913

bapu1930

baby-father1932

abba1955

birth father1977

1964 A. La Guma And Threefold Cord iv. 34 I'll go see how the old toppy is this morning.

1990 J. Naidoo Coolie Location 129 All you have to do is to get one of the boys working for your toppie to come to the shop..with the receipt and the outstanding amount in cash.

2021 @Rougie_xo 2 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 9 Apr. 2021) Morning phone calls with my toppie always make my mornings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

单词	toppie
释义	toppien.¹ /ˈtɒpi/ Etymology: perhaps < topknot n. A small brown bulbul of the genus Pycnonotus, found in southern Africa, either the Cape bulbul, P. capensis, or the red-eyed bulbul, P. nigricans. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Pycnonotidae (bulbul) bulbul1784 leaf-love1837 Criniger1856 toppie1899 1899 G. Russell Hist. Old Durban viii. 176 Doves cooed and ‘Toppies’ answered each other obtrusively. 1940 A. Roberts Birds S. Afr. 225 Cape Bulbul, or Toppie..is not such a common bird as the Layard's Bulbul found further east. 1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse x. 142 The commonest bird in Africa, the Toppie as we call him.., is a great character. 1964 D. Varaday Gara-Yaka xv. 126 His best friends became the Toppies, the conical-helmeted small dark birds that disclose the presence of snakes. 1971 J. Drummond Farewell Party vi. 35 There were birds..finches and toppies and a collared sunbird. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2021). toppien.² Brit. /ˈtɒpi/, U.S. /ˈtɑpi/, South African English /ˈtɒpi/ Forms: 1900s– topi, 1900s– topie, 1900s– toppie, 1900s– toppy. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Zulu. Etymon: Zulu -thophi. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps < Zulu -thophi, designating sparse growth (e.g. with reference to a failing crop or thinning hair; compare thophiza to grow sparsely), or perhaps < Hindi ṭopī pith helmet (see topi n.¹), perhaps transmitted via Isicamtho. South African colloquial. 1. A middle-aged or elderly man. Also (more generally), a fellow, a man. Frequently with defining word, as old toppie. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > old person > old man > [noun] old maneOE bevara1275 beauperec1300 vieillard1475 Nestor?c1510 old gentleman1526 haga1529 velyarda1529 old fellow?1555 old sire1557 granfer1564 vecchioc1570 ageman1571 grave-porer1582 grandsire1595 huddle-duddle1599 elder1600 pantaloon1602 cuffc1616 crone1630 old boya1637 codger?1738 dry-beard1749 eld1796 patriarch1819 oubaas1824 old chap1840 pap1844 pop1844 tad1877 old baas1882 senex1898 finger1904 AK1911 alte kacker1911 poppa stoppa1944 madala1960 Ntate1975 1963 L. F. Freed Crime in S. Afr. vi. 127 The tsotsis have a variety of words for money... Their word for an old man is ‘toppie’, for a young girl ‘tjerrie’, for a European ‘lani’. 1979 F. Dike First S. African 12 How can he live at the hostels taking all that shit from those topies there? 1986 W. P. Finnegan Crossing Line xiv. 67 You might find some old toppie just sitting there in the road crying. He had taken some drinks, you know, and now he couldn't find his house! 2016 Cape Argus (Nexis) 6 Feb. (Sport section) 27 Another toppie was showing youngsters half his age how to ride macking 15-foot barrels at Banzai Pipeline in Hawaii. 2. A person's father. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > father > [noun] fatherOE sirec1250 authora1398 flesh-fathera1400 genitor1447 daddy1523 dad1533 bab1598 patera1600 dada1672 relieving officer1677 papa1681 pappy1722 baba1771 pa1773 governor1783 paw1826 fatherkin1839 pop1840 bap1842 pap1844 da1851 baba1862 puppa1885 pops1893 poppa1897 pot and pan1900 papasana1904 daddy-o1913 bapu1930 baby-father1932 abba1955 birth father1977 1964 A. La Guma And Threefold Cord iv. 34 I'll go see how the old toppy is this morning. 1990 J. Naidoo Coolie Location 129 All you have to do is to get one of the boys working for your toppie to come to the shop..with the receipt and the outstanding amount in cash. 2021 @Rougie_xo 2 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 9 Apr. 2021) Morning phone calls with my toppie always make my mornings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). < n.¹1899n.²1963
随便看	in case of in case of emergency in case to in cash in cathedrâ in caucus in cause in cazimi in centuplicate in cert in certain in chambers in chancery in change in character in charge in charge of in chase in check in chief in chorus in christ's name in christendom in church in circulation

toppien.1

toppien.2

toppien.¹

toppien.²