| 释义 |
toddyn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Marathi. Partly a borrowing from Gujarati. Partly a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Marathi tāḍī; Gujarati tāṛī; Hindi tāṛī. Etymology: < Marathi tāḍī and its cognates Gujarati tāṛī, Hindi tāṛī palm wine ( < Prakrit tāḍī fan palm, palmyra; < a Dravidian language: compare Telugu tāḍi relating to palmyra, tāḍu palmyra); compare Prakrit tāḍa , Marathi tāḍ , Gujarati tāṛ , and Hindi tāṛ , all denoting the plant. In early use (in α. forms) probably also influenced by French tari (1657 or earlier), terri (1659 in the passage translated in quot. 1662 at sense 1α. ), tary (1684 in the passage translated in quot. 1687 at sense 1α. ), also < an Indian language.The contexts of early English examples, especially in the first half of the 17th cent., suggest that the word was originally encountered and borrowed in southern Gujarat, where Marathi and Gujarati would have been spoken. The variation in vowel and internal consonant reflects regional phonological variation within the Indian languages. Compare earlier palm wine n. at palm n.1 Compounds 2, earliest with reference to West Africa (compare quot. 1634 at sense 1γ. ). the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > non-grape and home-made wines > [noun] > palm-wine α. ?1611 W. Finch in S. Purchas (1625) I. iv. iv. 436 A goodly Countrey..abounding with wild Date Trees..whence they draw a liquor called Tarrie or Sure. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot iii. i. vii. 16 They make a Strong-water also of Tary [Fr. Tary] which they Distil. 1850 225 The Taree or juice of the Palm Tree is liable to duty, in its fermented or unfermented state. 1896 J. G. Scott (ed. 2) xiv. 147 Taree, or palm toddy, might be taken, because it looks like water. 2. Frequently in hot toddy. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > [noun] > spirits and water > hot 1741 16 I asked the Landlord to make me a Pint of Toddy, he asked me whether I would have it hot or cold, I told him a little warm. 1786 R. Burns Holy Fair xx, in 50 The lads an' lasses, blythely bent To mind baith saul an' body, Sit round the table, weel content, An' steer about the toddy. [Brit. Mus. MS. copy of 1785 in Burns's own handwriting has lines 2 and 4 ‘Their lowan thirst an drowth tae quench’,..‘And steer about the punch’.] 1798 J. Root 1 80 For giving her a dose in some toddy, to intoxicate and inflame her passions. 1809 A. Wilson Let. 22 Feb. in (1876) I. 158 A tumbler of toddy is usually the morning's beverage of the inhabitants [of North Carolina]. 1861 T. Hughes I. vi. 111 They took to more toddy and singing Scotch songs. 1941 29 Apr. 4/6 The taproom was empty except for the landlord and an old man who sat sipping a steaming glass of toddy. 2010 P. O'Grady v. 77 Pulling pints, serving food and mixing some sort of hot toddy that the porters liked to drink. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > [noun] > spirits and water > hot > a drink of 1831 June 237/2 While he prescribes physic with the hesitation of a humane executioner, he recommends a negus or a toddy with the most fervid decision. 1860 June 97/2 I stepped into a night cellar much frequented by the fancy..and called for supper and a toddy. 1894 July 75 I drank more than one toddy. 1938 18 July 43/1 To every thirsty veteran was served a toddy containing one dram of whiskey. 1987 W. Percy iii. ii. 137 Lucy fixes toddies of nearly straight bourbon in crystal goblets the size of a mason jar. 2008 Jan. 180/3 Keep a hot toddy close to hand with Dunhill's neat little leather-covered hunter's flask. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 1.) 1646 R. Boothby & F. Lloyd vi. 22 The Toddy wine (except some of the best sort) tasteth as if it did come out of Hornes. 1838 S. Morewood 153 A great trade was carried on in Arabian and Syrian wines; but the former, he thinks, was palm or toddy wine. 1987 18 6/2 Simple local bars where everyone knows each other and toddy wine and spirits derived from the coconut palm are drunk. b. (In sense 2.) 1825 11 Oct. 114/2 Each sat with a brimful toddy glass before him. 1857 T. Hughes ii. ix. 411 Soiled with the marks of toddy-glasses and tobacco ashes. 1930 J. Dos Passos xi. 189 Sugary smell of toddyglasses [sic]. 2012 M. Melton x. 76 A crystal decanter, and a set of heavy toddy glasses substantial enough to be used as grape shot. 1812 P. Forbes 21 Tankards, toddy jugs, tureens. 1865 A. Smith I. 110 The toddy-jugs were drained. 1917 Jan. 100/2 (caption) Toddy jug with the subtly suggestive design of a ship in a gale. 2001 (Nexis) 28 July 41 18th Century toddy jug fetched £150. C2. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Ploceus 1698 J. Fryer 76 (margin) The Ingenuity of the Toddy Bird. 1865 J. G. Wood xii. 249 This is the nest of the Baya Sparrow, sometimes called the Toddy Bird. 1907 XI. Toddy Shrike, or Toddy Bird, the Artamus fuscus, the Palmyra swallow, or ashy swallow shrike, from India and Ceylon. 2001 F. W. Howard & R. G. Abad in F. W. Howard et al. ii. 57 White-vented drongos, magpie robins and toddy birds were thus imported [and] placed in an aviary. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > family Viverridae > [noun] > genus Paradoxurus (palm-civet) 1867 T. C. Jerdon 127 It [sc. the Tree-cat] is very abundant in the Carnatic and Malabar coast, where it is popularly called the Toddy-cat, in consequence of its fondness for the juice of the palm. 1962 M. Burton 170 Common Indian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), [is] also known as Toddy Cat from its habit of sampling palm wine fermenting in cups attached to tapped trees. 2000 S. L. Allen in H. Marks (2001) ii. 159 The toddy cat's droppings, cleaned, produce what many say is the world's finest coffee. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > toddy-gatherer 1839 T. Beale 339 Persons..called by the English sailors ‘toddy-cutters’, are employed..for obtaining the juice of the cocoa nut tree. a1894 R. L. Stevenson (1896) iv. vi. 360 Nothing is more common in that hour and place than the jubilant carol of the toddy-cutter, swinging high overhead, beholding below him the narrow ribbon of the isle. 2000 G. Slatter tr. G. Koch xv. 68 This song was probably composed before 1870 for the marriage of the expert toddy-cutter Tavai. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > toddy-gatherer 1791 S. Popham App. 63 (table) Shanara Cast, or Toddy Drawers. 1839 A. Ure 1257 When the flowering branch is half shot, the toddy-drawers bind the stock round with a young coco-nut leaf. 1950 A. M. Hocart iii. 14 How Billara toddy-drawers of South Canara officiate as priests. 1998 93 409/1 The demon..had asked the toddy-drawer for some palm-juice. 1821 9 60 Reform of the toddy-drinkers. 1882 M. E. Braddon I. vii. 214 In the North he may become a confirmed toddy-drinker. 1906 J. Clay ii. 23 He was..a grand toddy drinker, for he loved the social side of life both wisely and well. 1995 C. V. Arokiasamy in D. B. Heath xvi. 176 The most common reasons for drinking are for relaxation from hard labor, to induce sleep (especially true of stout and toddy drinkers), health reasons [etc.]. 1831 4 June 364/1 Mr. Burford has given it an interest not merely to our toddy-drinking, curry-eating, eastern friends, but to all his countrymen. 1834 20 Dec. 375/3 We are positive that their [sc. light French wines'] introduction on a great and cheap scale would at least finish toddy-drinking in Scotland. 1910 F. F. Cook i. 9 His natural affinity with the easy-going, toddy-drinking Southerner. 2007 (Nexis) 19 Apr. The officials say toddy drinking causes lot of domestic problems in the area, as the men folk don't do any work after drinking toddy. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > unspecified 1681 N. Grew i. vii. §2. 162 The Toddy-Fly..hath but two Horns... Thirty or forty of these together, rasping or sawing off part of the Barque of theToddy-Tree by the help of their Snout-Horn, will drink themselves drunk with the liquor that flows from it. 1797 J. C. Fabricius 10/1 (list) Hanneton terrestre. Hercule, Beetle Hercules, Toddi Fly. 1908 11 20/2 The natives are subject to a form of cystitis due to drinking ‘toddy’ (the sap of the cocoanut tree) which has been infected by a yellow fly called the toddy fly. 1938 K.R. Venkatarama Ayyar (ed. 2) I. ii. 54 The common Cattle-fly Hippobosca maculala found on cattle, Oestrus ovis on sheep, the Toddy-fly (Pycnosoma flaviceps), the House-fly (Musca nebulo), [etc.]. 1862 271 His son brandishing his toddy fruit cutting knife rushes out of his house. 1902 May 606/2 An over-ripe toddy-fruit fell off from a tall palm. 2003 M. Patrawala & N. Khandekar in 47 113 Devoo wanted to pluck the toddy-fruit; so he climbed the tall tree near the water-wheel well. the world > food and drink > drink > preparation of drinks > [noun] > toddy-kettle 1826 11 Mar. (advt.) Brass Toddy Kettles. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Toddy-kettle, a small hot-water kettle used in Scotland for making toddy. 1915 13 9/3 Burns's toddy kettle, sold curiously to a Mr. Walter Scott for $42.50. 2006 (Nexis) 22 Apr. 3 Take time to look and maybe the rare Georgian toddy kettle will still be available. the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > utensils for 1807 5 Mar. The following household articles..have now arrived... Silver Spoons, Forks and Toddy Ladles, &c. 1897 Toddy-ladle,..2. A name applied to the American aloe, Agave Americana, the juice of which makes pulque, a drink analogous to toddy. 1934 8 146 An unusually fine toddy-ladle. 1947 O. Percival 38 Agave americana, Century Plant, American Aloe, Toddy-ladles. 2004 17 May 74/1 All of these items were stolen, as were a toddy ladle and a fish server. the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > utensils for 1894 9 Oct. 9/3 In Case IX..of the Old Glasgow Exhibition is a ‘crystal toddy lifter’, lent by Mr Young, R.S.W. 1923 17 173 The ‘Toddy-lifter’, known in Scotch and Irish households during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a bulbous glass cylinder, is exactly the instrument [sc. the clepsydra] described here. 1954 E. M. Elville x. 107 A toddy-lifter was something like a miniature decanter in shape, with a body large enough to hold a glassful of liquid. 2007 (Nexis) 23 Dec. f4 It's a toddy lifter, which was used to siphon toddy or punch from a punch bowl to a cup without spilling. the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > palm fruit used for wine > one who makes toddy from palms a1811 J. Leyden tr. (1821) xiv. 151 There was a toddy-maker, who went to amuse himself on the sea. 1887 July p. xii The labouring classes number 13·16 per cent. of the population, toddy-makers 5·69, Pariahs 15·58. 1983 M. Davis ii. 78 Occupations and attendant life styles like those of a scavenger, toddy maker, skinner or tanner of animal hides, or prostitution. 2012 (Nexis) 20 Sept. A warning to toddy makers to stop selling toddy with the high addictives. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > toddy-gatherer 1698 J. Fryer 162 A Toddy-man has by his cunning Policy, more than by true Prowess and Valour, raised himself to be General and Protector. 1797 J. Cochrane 16 The toddy men..collect this liquor twice a day, early in the morning, and in the evening. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore I. 157/2 As soon as a spike makes its appearance..a toddyman..securely binds it with thongs so that it cannot expand. 1995 L. Siegel ii. 48 ‘You're teasing us,’ the toddyman laughs, and his laughter prompts others to laugh. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > jaggery palm the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding intoxicating drink > [noun] > palm-wine plants 1810 T. Williamson II. 102 The stem of the toddy-palm is annulated, but not very deeply. 1854 J. D. Hooker I. 1 Vegetation..consisting of fan-palm. Toddy-palm, and Terminalia. 1900 9 Mar. 6/2 A talking of the breezes in the tops of the toddy palms. 1963 A. W. Smith 82 C[aryota] ureus [sic] is the toddy palm, widely grown throughout India and the East generally. 2009 A. Greeley xiv. 245 Look for the toddy palm and jack fruit combo in cans at an Asian market. 1812 W. Tennant ii. lxix. 50 By the social fires Sit many, cuddling round their toddy-sap. 1892 27 June 7/3 The collection of toddy sap is a slow process. 1964 15 Aug. a3/1 [The Tiyas] are gradually leaving behind their traditional profession of tapping palm trees for toddy sap to make country liquor. 1996 J. Cummings (Lonely Planet) (ed. 6) 108/1 Some toddy bars also sell hta ayet or ‘toddy liquor’ (also called ‘jaggery liquor’), a much stronger, distilled form of toddy sap. 2015 (Nexis) 25 Apr. The treacle lent a nice complexity to the lightly caramalized [sic] bananas, fried in ghee (clarified butter) and drizzled with palm toddy sap. 1823 21 Mar. 282 Within of late years I have lamentably observed the rapid increase of Arrack and Toddy Shops in every part of the town. 1842 W. T. Humphrey 10 With as little ceremony as if walking into a toddy shop. 1936 M. R. Anand iv. 237 I know how hard it is to fight for a wage in this cursed world and then to have nowhere to go, nowhere, nowhere but a toddy shop! 2005 (Nexis) 22 Mar. He said the move to reduce the number of toddy shops and give more permits for starting beer parlours would be against the interests of the common man. 1862 E. Balfour 50/2 Artamus fascus, Toddy Shrike, feeds on the flies and insects that hover near to the luscious juice of the Palmyra palm. 1907 XI. Toddy Shrike, or Toddy Bird, the Artamus fuscus, the Palmyra swallow, or ashy swallow shrike, from India and Ceylon. the world > food and drink > drink > preparation of drinks > [noun] > stirring or shaking utensil 1823 8 Sept. There was silence profound, Save the sound of a toddy-stick tapping the glass. 1845 S. Judd i. vi. 36 A small counter covered with tumblers and toddy sticks. 1921 June 56/3 The sugar cutters, the toddy stick and shakers, the horn stirrup cups that may be dropped without breaking. 2007 D. Wondrich ii. 51 If you're making drinks from the toddy-stick era, simply use its modern descendent, the muddler. 1840 Daily Pennant (St. Louis) 14 Oct. in (1953) Jan. 178 The light-fingered gentleman who took..a silver toddy stirrer, rose-wood handle tipped with ivory, is requested to fork over the same immediately. 1888 22 Aug. 5/2 Two of these have a ring at one end and a flat disc at the other—in fact quite like a modern toddy-stirrer or sugar-crusher. 1956 Spring 155 The illustration on this page shows three toddy stirrers received from Miss Elizabeth Atkinson of Berrier, Cumberland. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > toddy-gatherer 1882 tr. E. Haeckel in 12 Apr. 6/3 Up the tall, majestic trunks toddy-tappers climbed with the agility of monkeys to collect the palm wine which had dropped during the night into vessels hung up for that purpose. 1937 May 143/2 It [sc. the coconut shell] is an indispensable part of the toddy-tapper's outfit, for it is in a coconut shell that he carries his cinnamon leaf paste and his lime for the purpose of stimulating the reluctant flowers to give up their sweet nectar. 1971 Mar. 355/2 Ko Than Shwe, like many men around Pagan, is a toddy tapper. 2000 M. Ondaatje 269 He was Ruwan Kumara and he had been a toddy tapper. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > toddy-gathering 1862 J. Rigg 180 Profusely flowing from the beaten stem, and sending forth a flood from the toddy tapping. 1946 5 Oct. 493/2 Toddy-tapping is a popular occupation as it only occupies a small portion of the day. 1958 2 54 Toddy-tapping and the taking of animal life are associated with low status. 2014 (Nexis) 28 Aug. The new policy says toddy tapping, a traditional profession, will be protected. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > jaggery palm the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > yielding intoxicating drink > [noun] > palm-wine plants 1630 H. Lord ii. i. 4 They became ignorant whence they were, being assigned to the profession of husbandry, or the dressing of the Palmitoes or Toddy trees. 1816 ‘Quiz’ ii. 44 (note) Toddy tree, the Indian name for the cocoa-nut tree. 2011 S. Dyer 253 Up and down, through chequered fields with clumps of toddy trees, past sugar cane fields and mango groves. Derivatives the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)] > supply with specific drink 1836 T. Hook III. iii. 169 I submitted myself to be toddyised according to his will and pleasure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.?1611 |
