英语词汇“to serve time”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

Phrases

P1. to serve two masters (also and in earliest use lords): to take orders from or to attempt to satisfy two superiors, employers, etc.; to follow two conflicting or opposing principles or policies at the same time.Frequently in negative constructions, esp. in the proverbial phrase no man can serve two masters (and variants), referring to the words of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 6:24, ‘No man can serue two masters: for either he will hate the one and loue the other, or else hee will holde to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serue God and Mammon.’ (King James Version; cf. the parallel passage in Luke 16:13). [Chiefly after post-classical Latin duobus dominis servire (Vulgate: Matthew 6:24), itself after Hellenistic Greek δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν (New Testament: Matthew 6:24).]

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c1330 Simonie (Auch.) (1991) l. 44 No man may wel serue tweie lordes to queme.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 57 No man may wel serue two maistres. for that one corumpeth that other.

1564 tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Fruitfull & Learned Comm. f. 265 Neither is it lawfull for any manne to professe hymselfe to be a Christian, whiche will not departe from the superior Magistrae in these thynges, whiche are agaynste the woorde of God. Thys were to haue a wyll to serue two Lordes, and to halte in two partes.

1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. ix. §1. 135 Dominion (that is) supreme power is indivisible, insomuch as no man can serve two Masters.

1797 J. Cartwright Appeal Eng. Constit. 51 Those servers of God and Mammon, who pretend to serve two masters in opposite interests.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xxiv. 180 To speak truth, I compromised matters; I served two masters.

1908 New-church Messenger (Chicago) 9 Sept. 163/2 It is quite possible..to serve two lords, without hating or despising either of them, but the saying is absolutely and unchangeably true of the effort to serve two masters in spiritual life.

1969 Bennington (Vermont) Banner 24 Oct. 14/2 ‘No one can serve two masters,’ Oakes said, pointing out that..the AEC is both promoter and regulator of nuclear plants.

2005 N.Y. Times 1 Aug. iii. 1/1 Neither [firm] accepts fees from issuers of shares or bonds, which keeps them out of the morass of serving two masters.

P2. to serve tables.

a. Christian Church. Originally: (esp. in biblical translations and references) to distribute alms to the poor. Later often: (more generally) to carry out the administrative and secular duties of the clergy (esp. in contexts where these are viewed as encroaching on the time available for more spiritual duties). Also occasionally in extended use: to perform routine administrative or clerical work in any sphere. Now somewhat rare.Referring to the passage in Acts 6:1–7, in which, in response to unrest among the ‘Hellenists’ at the neglect of their widows, the Apostles appoint seven men of good reputation to take charge of the daily distribution of food, allowing them to spend their time in prayer and preaching; cf. quot. 1539.

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c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) vi. 2 (MED) It es noghte righte þat we schul leue þo worde of God ande serue vnto þo bordes (þat es, atte þo mete).]

?1530 tr. J. Colet Serm. Conuocacion Paulis i. sig. B It is nat mete, that we shulde leaue the worde of god, and serue tables.

1539 Bible (Great) Acts vi. 2 It is not mete y^t we shuld leaue y^e worde of God, & serue tables [Gk. διακονεῖν τραπέζαις, 1526 Tindale, serve at the tables].

1585 C. Fetherston tr. J. Calvin Comm. Actes Apostles xi. 277 The Apostles did denie that they could both serue tables, and attend vpon doctrine.

a1629 M. Day Doomes-day (1636) iv. 99 The Apostle was not to leave Gospell, and to serve tables, because the greater work must be first intended.

1641 R. Brooke Disc. Nature Episcopacie ii. v. 81 Some of these [sc. Officers of the Church] are to preach and administer the Sacraments, others to watch over mens manners, others to serve Tables, and looke to the poore.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi v. ii. vii. 28/1 The Office and Work of a Deacon is..to keep the Treasury of the Church, and therewith to serve the Tables.

1806 Churchman's Mag. Feb. 52 The business of these Deacons, was not only to serve tables, but also to preach the gospel.

1858 Church of Eng. Mag. 18 Dec. 394/1 The clergy, from their position and influence, from their desire to be of service to their fellow-men, are often compelled to serve tables.

1884 L. A. Tollemache Safe Stud. 359 The violent recoil against materialism which..has induced many good..persons to sell their scientific birthright and to serve tables.

1917 Spectator 19 May 555/1 Free the First Sea Lord from serving tables and doing administrative and routine work rather than brain work.

1921 W. B. Stevens in R. T. Flewelling Exercises in Ded. G. F. Bovard 60 The clergy must be men of vision and insight, but they cannot be if they spend their time in serving tables.

2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 Oct. 17 Those appointed to ‘serve tables’ by overseeing and auditing Peterborough Cathedral funds have failed in their duty.

b. In general use (chiefly U.S.): to wait on customers or diners with food and drink in a restaurant or cafe, at a formal meal, etc. Cf. to wait (the) table at wait v.¹ 9d.

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1861 M'Kean Miner (Smethport, Pa.) 4 June Peaceful citizens worth half a million dollars are joyfully standing guard before and serving tables in the Union camps.

1895 Plainfield (New Jersey) Courier-News 31 Jan. You have seen them, these carelessly beautiful girls serving tables in cheap eating houses?

1928 Sigma Phi Epsilon Jrnl. May 227/2 After the grades were posted all those that fell below their estimate were compelled to serve tables at a banquet held in the dining room.

1980 A. Costello How to deal with Difficult People v. 51 She was in charge of a marvellous staff of women who cooked, served tables, and took care of other jobs.

2011 Daily Times (Farmington, New Mexico) 8 Jan. 1/2 A family walked into the motel restaurant where she serves tables, asking if the place was still open for lunch.

P3. to be well (also ill, badly, etc.) served.

a. To receive good (bad, etc.) personal or domestic service. (Cf. branch V.).

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1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. cxxiii^v/2 They drewe them to their lodgynges,..and caused theym that were wounded to be well serued and serched.

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes Auct. Prol. sig. b.v I see you are sycke, and be not well serued.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 32 The common price of the Bagnio, is two Aspres to the Master; and they who would be well served [Fr. ceux qui se sont servir], give as much to the Man.

1775 M. S. Cooper Hist. Fanny Meadows II. xliv. 26 I am almost famished in a Morning for Want of my Breakfast, for here is Nobody up for Hours after me to serve me. Indeed I am poorly served at any Time.

1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish i Serve yourself, would you be well served, is an excellent adage.

1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. i. 14 The mistress of a house, however splendid, should know how work ought to be done, if she wishes to be well and honestly served.

1989 A. Bermel & T. Emery tr. C. Gozzi i. i. in Five Tales for Theatre 131 The emperor commanded that my mother and father be brought to the poorhouse, and that they be well served and looked after there.

b. To be given good (bad, etc.) treatment, support, assistance, etc.; to be well (badly, etc.) treated.

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1820 tr. Critique Mr. Blomfield's Ed. Aeschyli Persæ in E. H. Barker Aristarchus Anti-Blomfieldianus 86 Where the poor poet really wants help, there he is deserted, or badly served, by his companion.

1880 T. Hardy Trumpet-major III. xl. He has been badly served—badly served—by a woman. I never heard of a more heartless case in my life.

1924 Times 13 Oct. 5/4 Cambridge were particularly well served..by P. S. Douty, who..gave a highly finished all-round display... Altogether he was unquestionably the man of the match.

1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities ii. 60 Coleridge, not yet thirty, was a physically sick man, poorly served by the medicine of the time.

1991 Economist 24 Aug. 73/3 His claim that Muhammed was not an anti-feminist is not well served when, in his translation of the fourth chapter, the sura on women, he leaves out the vital 34th verse, which lays down emphatically the superiority of men.

2009 H. Schlossberg Conflict & Crisis in Religious Life Late Victorian Eng. iii. 99 Our understanding of the Victorian Nonconformists has been badly served by both harsh judgments of outsiders..and by uncritical partisans.

c. To be well (badly, etc.) provided.

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1840 Godey's Lady's Bk. Oct. 188/1 Poor little thing! its scrawny branches were poorly served with leaves, and its trunk was long, thin, and consumptive.

1898 G. B. Shaw Candida in Plays Pleasant & Unpleasant 29 A vast district..well served with ugly iron urinals.

1985 Times 3 Oct. 29/7 We have to re-allocate resources from some parts of Britain that are relatively over-resourced to others less well served.

1995 Observatory 115 148 The cosmologist is well served this year with articles on the microwave background, dark matter, and cosmic flows.

2018 J. A. Johnson et al. Comparative Health Systems ii. xviii. 348/2 Rural areas are particularly poorly served with access to health care.

P4. to serve one's country (and variants): to do useful service to or on behalf of one's country; to do work that is in the national interest; esp. to perform military service. Cf. sense 8, 16.

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society > authority > subjection > service > serve [verb (intransitive)] > serve one's country

to serve one's country1531

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxiv. sig. h.iiij^v Our wittes may be amended, & our personages be more apte to serue our publike weale and our prince.

1538 R. Morison tr. J. Sturm Epist. Cardynalles sig. Cv Our forefathers dyd institute this monkysshe lyfe, bycause they wolde haue men holy, lerned, fytte to serue their countrey.

1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. iii. sig. D1 He serued his country for his countries sake.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 564 To what can I be useful, wherein serve My Nation .

1738 tr. J. Butler Memoirs 183 Tho' she had given the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland to another, yet I thought myself recompensed in having served my Country.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 794 He burns with most intense and flagrant zeal To serve his country.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. vi. 322 War-Minister Narbonne,..threatens,..to ‘take his sword’,..and go serve his country with that.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art Add. 196 A labourer serves his country with his spade, just as a man in the middle ranks of life serves it with his sword, pen, or lancet.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 466 Those who serve their country ought to serve without receiving gifts.

1960 News Chron. 19 Feb. 3/4 He had joined the Germans only to get to Britain and there serve his country.

2012 Quality of Life Res. 21 1858/1 The pride many servicemen take in serving their country may also increase their satisfaction with life.

P5. Usually depreciative. to serve the time (also times) [after classical Latin tempori servīre] : to adapt one's conduct or views to suit prevailing circumstances or orthodoxy, esp. in a self-interested way. Also (of a thing, action, attitude, etc.): to be suitable or useful for, or adaptable to, prevailing circumstances. Cf. time-serving adj. 1, time-server n. 2. Now rare (poetic or archaic in later use).

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the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > be inconstant [verb (intransitive)] > temporize or trim

to serve the time (also times)?1544

temporize1555

to turn the cat in the pan1622

trim1687

to sail with every (shift of) wind1710

to play (also work) both sides of the street1909

?1544 E. Allen tr. A. Alesius Auctorite Word of God sig. Aiiij^v I determined with my self to serue the tyme [L. tempori seruiendum esse] and to change the preaching of the crosse with the scyence of physik.

1588 R. Bancroft Serm. at Paules Crosse 37 The scriptures are appointed to serve the time, and have divers understandings: so that at one time they may be expounded after the..ordinarie custome: & that the same custome being changed, the meaning of the Scriptures may likewise be changed.

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. i. 48 Who thinke that herein we serue the time, and speake in fauour of the present state, because thereby we eyther holde or seeke preferment.

1689 R. Atkyns Enq. Power Dispensing with Penal Statutes 36 Let us not..approve of all things, tho' delivered by Authors of greatest Name, for they often serve the Times, or their Affections, and bend the Rules as occasion requires.

1734 Of Superstition 13 In righteous Lore, 'tis now become no Crime, To suit Convenience, or to serve the Time.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII xviii. 64 Be wary, watch the time, and always serve it.

1865 W. J. Linton Claribel & Other Poems 259 England! be thyself again: Ask not what may serve the time; See where standeth Truth sublime, Ask her will, and be thou fain.

2009 G. L. Bray tr. Ambrosiaster Comm. Romans & 12 Corinthians 97/2 Paul himself ‘served the time’ when he did what he did not want to do, for he unwillingly circumcised Timothy and purified himself by shaving his head according to the law.

P6. to serve the shop: to attend to the needs of customers in a shop. Now rare (historical or somewhat dated in later use).

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society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > keep shop or work in shop

to keep shopa1450

to serve the shop1566

serve1759

shop-walk1905

1566 J. Securis Detection sig. D^v Yf..he [sc. an apothecary] hathe suche a one vnder hym to serue the shoppe that is of lyke qualities: It is not then so greatly necessary for the phisytion to be present.

1796 H. More John the Shopkeeper: Pt. 2 6 Deck'd in her best she comes in view, And serves the shop from twelve to two.

1868 New Eng. Farmer 10 Jan. It was customary to live at one's place of business, and the wives and daughters served the shop.

1907 Canad. Grocer 17 May 91/2 It is a good thing to have a w.c. and a fairly large sink, for the use of those serving the shop.

1962 Irish Times 10 Sept. 8/6 Some of the ‘Bills’ who served the shop, banged their big bells and yelled: ‘C'mon Missus. All the specks a penny.’

P7.

a. to serve (a person) right: to punish or treat (a person who commits an offence or behaves foolishly or unreasonably) appropriately; (later also with non-personal subject) to be the deserved punishment or misfortune of (a person), esp. in it serves (you, them, etc.) right, it would serve (you, etc.) right. In earliest use in passive.

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society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (intransitive)] > deserve well or ill > get one's deserts

to sow the wind and reap the whirlwindc1384

to drink to one's oysters1470

to serve (a person) right1587

to get the wissel of one's groat1721

to get one's fairing1787

to get one's bitters1812

to get one's faring1846

come1896

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > deserve (well or ill) > give one his deserts

to serve (a person) right1587

to give (a person) his or her fairing1818

1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) i. Iago f. 42 This sleeper..Which for his slouthfull sinne was serued right.

1607 R. C. in tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders To Rdr. sig. A3^v If he laugh them to scorne, and deride their dreames and dotages, he serues them but right.

1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 419 What think you, Sir, Were not these Villains right served?

1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband ii. i. 32 They serv'd you right enough! will you never have done with your Horse-play?

1773 C. Dibdin Deserter ii. vi. 31 Jen. I shall see his ghost every night. Sim. And it serves you right.

?1788 in Agitation (new ed.) I. 151 It would serve you right to let you be taken in.

1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon x in Fraser's Mag. May 551/2 The good old days in Europe, before the cowardice of the French aristocracy (in the shameful Revolution, which served them right) brought discredit and ruin upon our order.

1885 J. Payn Talk of Town I. 99 Confound the fellow!..it would serve him right if they tossed him.

1894 Golden Days 13 Jan. 115/4 No method bad is this, which can Make wife beaters quail in fright, For such treatment serves him right.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxi. 86 ‘It would serve you right if I told him,’ said Mr. Carey.

1936 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Dec. 1027/1 The old Catholic families..were served right for the Marian persecutions.

1960 P. D. East Magnolia Jungle vii. 36 I was served right for having not paid heed to my instructions.

1968 Guardian 18 Jan. 19/3 If complacency was responsible for Arsenal's lapse and the defence's unforced errors, then it served them right.

2014 Philippines Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 3 Apr. Instead of an award, Capa got a dressing down which served him right.

b. serve(s) (you, me, them, etc.) right.

(a) Used (often as an exclamation) to express satisfaction (or resignation) at a person paying the penalty for an offence or suffering the consequences of a foolish or unreasonable action.

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1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xlii. 454 Natural death..workhouse funeral—serve him right—all over.

1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 154 ‘He's stolen my things and run away!!’—Says she, ‘And sarve you right!!’

1889 A. Lang Prince Prigio vi. 45 Everyone had heard of his disgrace, and almost everyone cried ‘Serve him right!’

1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm xvi. 224 ‘Serve her right, the old trout,’ muttered Flora.

2009 J. Eagland Wildthorn 258 She is clearly in the final stages of the disease and just for a second I can't help thinking, Serves her right.

(b) As a modifier, with the sense ‘expressing or characterized by satisfaction at a person paying the penalty for an offence or suffering the consequences of a foolish, wrong, or unreasonable action’.

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1844 New Monthly Mag. July 393 We see juries laying their heads together to generate verdicts on the ‘serve him right’ principle.

1875 Railway Times 22 May 349/1 Those who are disinclined to accept a ‘serve him right’ mode of dismissing the matter.

1909 Railway Conductor Feb. 169/1 Brother C. E. Graves.., with a ‘serves-you-right’ expression, bows to us and goes on his way leaving us unaided.

1935 H. Straumann Newspaper Headlines i. 29 Lastly there is the Daily Worker, the Communist paper, with its serve-him-right attitude.

1977 New Yorker 15 Aug. 66/2 The widespread serves-them-right judgment that greeted New York's misfortune.

2017 @bhubaza 6 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 7 Aug. 2020) It is insanely hot and our maintenance guy keeps giving us the ‘serves you right’ look cause we complained the aircon was too cold last week.

P8. to serve (one's) time.

a. To undertake a term of (compulsory or indentured) service or training; to spend a period in a particular role or position; spec. to complete an apprenticeship, to work as an apprentice to a particular trade, workplace, etc.; (also, and earliest use) to complete a period of service as a member of the armed forces.

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1569 J. Saparton Alarum (single sheet) If euer warlike wighte, Hath serued his time in vaine.

1582 A. Munday Breefe Aunswer sig. Diij Then he beginneth to rip vp the course of my life, Howe I was an Apprentise, and serued my tyme well with deceyuing my Maister.

1660 J. Naylor Acct. Children of Light 23 If..the prentice serves his time honestly and truely, and have his Masters testimony thereto, yet is he denyed his freedome, if he cannot sweare for Conscience sake.

1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit iv. 9 Lewis Baboon had taken up the Trade of Clothier and Draper, without serving his Time, or purchasing his Freedom.

1787 Daily Universal Reg. 19 Apr. 4/3 (advt.) A Person who has served his time to the brewery will be happy to be employed as a Clerk.

1804 Naval Chron. 12 510 A new Class of Officers, to be called Sub-Lieutenants, are to be appointed, selected from Midshipmen who have served their time.

1863 Rep. Sea Fisheries Comm. (1865) II. 418/1 I served my time to trawling.

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Aug. 4/2 Born at Troutbeck..he served his time to the trade of bobbin-turner.

1956 S. H. Bell Erin's Orange Lily iii. 40 I had a brother who was a joiner and he served his time in the shipyard and he got his London City and Guilds and that sort of thing.

2004 G. Beattie Protestant Boy (2013) (e-book ed.) My brother served his time as an apprentice electrician at Scott's.

b. To go through a period of penal servitude as punishment for a crime; spend time in prison for an offence. Cf. sense 17, to do (one's) time at time n., int., and conj. Phrases 4d. In earliest use referring to the sentences of convicts transported to Australia.

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1793 Sun 27 May The rest are the Convicts who have served their time, and are now become Settlers.

1802 Barrington's Hist. New S. Wales v. 124 Passage boats were allowed now to go from Sydney to Paramatta. These were the property of convicts who had served their time.

1834 J. Simpson Necessity Pop. Educ. 290 In the colony, the Archbishop says, even the convicts who have served their time, or been pardoned, and moreover acquired property, are unreclaimed.

1886 Science 24 Sept. 287 Every unfortunate or miscreant who has once ‘served time’.

1906 U. Sinclair Jungle (1981) xvi. 168 This time Jurgis was bound for the ‘Bridewell’, a petty jail where Cook County prisoners serve their time.

1952 W. R. Burnett Vanity Row v. 44 In the early 'twenties he'd served time..for bootlegging... Since then.., he'd been..on the legit.

2016 G. Zara & D. P. Farrington Criminal Recidivism ii. 50 The vast majority of men who served time in prison were those offenders who committed at least five offences.

P9. to serve the place (or stead) of: to be of use in place or instead of; to provide a substitute for (cf. 25a).

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1670 W. Penn Great Case Liberty of Consc. (new ed.) (title page) Which may serve the Place of a General Reply to such late Discourses.

1756 T. Pelham-Holles Resignation 13 Let not Resignations, my Countrymen, serve the place of Enquiry.

1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 242 She lighted..a splinter of bog pine which was to serve the place of a candle.

1837 C. Lofft Self-formation I. 199 They may serve the stead of presence of mind, to a certain point at least.

1907 Washington Post 29 May 6/2 It will serve the stead of a million recruiting sergeants in our next big war.

1972 Math. Gaz. 56 254 The book consists of..worked examples serving the place of formal proofs.

2007 Amer. Lit. Hist. 19 992 Even racism does not quite serve the place of blood and soil nationalism.

P10. to serve at (the) bar: to practice law as a barrister or attorney. Cf. bar n.¹ 23a. Somewhat rare.The more usual phrase is to practise at the bar.

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society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > practise at the bar

to serve at (the) barc1390

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. l. 85 Þer houeþ an Hundret In Houues of selk, Seriauns hit semeþ to seruen atte Barre.

1603 Ld. Ellesmere Let. in J. P. Collier Egerton Papers (1840) 372 Moost of the Judges are aged, and the Serjeantes at Lawe now servinge at the barre not so sufficyent to supplye judiciall places as were to be wyshed.

1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. iv. iii. 485 There is no reason, why those who serve at the bar should not live by the bar.

1816 N. Amer. Rev. May 15 At a time, when a classical education and law learning were not deemed essential qualifications for a judge, it may be supposed, that those who served at the bar were but little distinguished by scientifick attainments.

2018 L. Connolly Sinless (e-book ed.) I did manage to take silk, but I had to give up my plan to serve at the Bar in order to make my living.

†P11. to see and serve: to participate in a military campaign; to fight against a given enemy. Chiefly in to have seen and served. Cf. to see service at service n.¹ Phrases 2c. Obsolete.

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society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)]

to bear armsc1325

to take armsa1425

serve1430

war1535

to trail a pikec1550

sold1564

to follow the drum1575

to see and serve1590

soldierize1593

militate1625

soldier1647

be in buff1701

to go (a-)soldiering1756

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. sig. *2^v That haue seene and serued in the well ordered warres of Emperours or Kings.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 69 I haue seene my selfe, and seru'd against the French.

1678 A. Lovell tr. La Fontaine Mil. Duties Cavalry 35 A young Gentleman who hath seen and served in a Campagn, and sometimes by favour, is commonly placed in that charge.

P12. first come, first served: see first adj., adv., and n.² Phrases 2d. to serve a person hand and foot: see hand n. Phrases 6a(b). to serve with the same sauce: see sauce n. Phrases 3a 11.

单词	to serve time
释义	> as lemmas to serve (one's) time Phrases P1. to serve two masters (also and in earliest use lords): to take orders from or to attempt to satisfy two superiors, employers, etc.; to follow two conflicting or opposing principles or policies at the same time.Frequently in negative constructions, esp. in the proverbial phrase no man can serve two masters (and variants), referring to the words of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 6:24, ‘No man can serue two masters: for either he will hate the one and loue the other, or else hee will holde to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serue God and Mammon.’ (King James Version; cf. the parallel passage in Luke 16:13). [Chiefly after post-classical Latin duobus dominis servire (Vulgate: Matthew 6:24), itself after Hellenistic Greek δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν (New Testament: Matthew 6:24).] ΚΠ c1330 Simonie (Auch.) (1991) l. 44 No man may wel serue tweie lordes to queme. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 57 No man may wel serue two maistres. for that one corumpeth that other. 1564 tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Fruitfull & Learned Comm. f. 265 Neither is it lawfull for any manne to professe hymselfe to be a Christian, whiche will not departe from the superior Magistrae in these thynges, whiche are agaynste the woorde of God. Thys were to haue a wyll to serue two Lordes, and to halte in two partes. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. ix. §1. 135 Dominion (that is) supreme power is indivisible, insomuch as no man can serve two Masters. 1797 J. Cartwright Appeal Eng. Constit. 51 Those servers of God and Mammon, who pretend to serve two masters in opposite interests. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xxiv. 180 To speak truth, I compromised matters; I served two masters. 1908 New-church Messenger (Chicago) 9 Sept. 163/2 It is quite possible..to serve two lords, without hating or despising either of them, but the saying is absolutely and unchangeably true of the effort to serve two masters in spiritual life. 1969 Bennington (Vermont) Banner 24 Oct. 14/2 ‘No one can serve two masters,’ Oakes said, pointing out that..the AEC is both promoter and regulator of nuclear plants. 2005 N.Y. Times 1 Aug. iii. 1/1 Neither [firm] accepts fees from issuers of shares or bonds, which keeps them out of the morass of serving two masters. P2. to serve tables. a. Christian Church. Originally: (esp. in biblical translations and references) to distribute alms to the poor. Later often: (more generally) to carry out the administrative and secular duties of the clergy (esp. in contexts where these are viewed as encroaching on the time available for more spiritual duties). Also occasionally in extended use: to perform routine administrative or clerical work in any sphere. Now somewhat rare.Referring to the passage in Acts 6:1–7, in which, in response to unrest among the ‘Hellenists’ at the neglect of their widows, the Apostles appoint seven men of good reputation to take charge of the daily distribution of food, allowing them to spend their time in prayer and preaching; cf. quot. 1539. ΚΠ c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) vi. 2 (MED) It es noghte righte þat we schul leue þo worde of God ande serue vnto þo bordes (þat es, atte þo mete).] ?1530 tr. J. Colet Serm. Conuocacion Paulis i. sig. B It is nat mete, that we shulde leaue the worde of god, and serue tables. 1539 Bible (Great) Acts vi. 2 It is not mete y^t we shuld leaue y^e worde of God, & serue tables [Gk. διακονεῖν τραπέζαις, 1526 Tindale, serve at the tables]. 1585 C. Fetherston tr. J. Calvin Comm. Actes Apostles xi. 277 The Apostles did denie that they could both serue tables, and attend vpon doctrine. a1629 M. Day Doomes-day (1636) iv. 99 The Apostle was not to leave Gospell, and to serve tables, because the greater work must be first intended. 1641 R. Brooke Disc. Nature Episcopacie ii. v. 81 Some of these [sc. Officers of the Church] are to preach and administer the Sacraments, others to watch over mens manners, others to serve Tables, and looke to the poore. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi v. ii. vii. 28/1 The Office and Work of a Deacon is..to keep the Treasury of the Church, and therewith to serve the Tables. 1806 Churchman's Mag. Feb. 52 The business of these Deacons, was not only to serve tables, but also to preach the gospel. 1858 Church of Eng. Mag. 18 Dec. 394/1 The clergy, from their position and influence, from their desire to be of service to their fellow-men, are often compelled to serve tables. 1884 L. A. Tollemache Safe Stud. 359 The violent recoil against materialism which..has induced many good..persons to sell their scientific birthright and to serve tables. 1917 Spectator 19 May 555/1 Free the First Sea Lord from serving tables and doing administrative and routine work rather than brain work. 1921 W. B. Stevens in R. T. Flewelling Exercises in Ded. G. F. Bovard 60 The clergy must be men of vision and insight, but they cannot be if they spend their time in serving tables. 2016 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 Oct. 17 Those appointed to ‘serve tables’ by overseeing and auditing Peterborough Cathedral funds have failed in their duty. b. In general use (chiefly U.S.): to wait on customers or diners with food and drink in a restaurant or cafe, at a formal meal, etc. Cf. to wait (the) table at wait v.¹ 9d. ΚΠ 1861 M'Kean Miner (Smethport, Pa.) 4 June Peaceful citizens worth half a million dollars are joyfully standing guard before and serving tables in the Union camps. 1895 Plainfield (New Jersey) Courier-News 31 Jan. You have seen them, these carelessly beautiful girls serving tables in cheap eating houses? 1928 Sigma Phi Epsilon Jrnl. May 227/2 After the grades were posted all those that fell below their estimate were compelled to serve tables at a banquet held in the dining room. 1980 A. Costello How to deal with Difficult People v. 51 She was in charge of a marvellous staff of women who cooked, served tables, and took care of other jobs. 2011 Daily Times (Farmington, New Mexico) 8 Jan. 1/2 A family walked into the motel restaurant where she serves tables, asking if the place was still open for lunch. P3. to be well (also ill, badly, etc.) served. a. To receive good (bad, etc.) personal or domestic service. (Cf. branch V.). ΚΠ 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. cxxiii^v/2 They drewe them to their lodgynges,..and caused theym that were wounded to be well serued and serched. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes Auct. Prol. sig. b.v I see you are sycke, and be not well serued. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 32 The common price of the Bagnio, is two Aspres to the Master; and they who would be well served [Fr. ceux qui se sont servir], give as much to the Man. 1775 M. S. Cooper Hist. Fanny Meadows II. xliv. 26 I am almost famished in a Morning for Want of my Breakfast, for here is Nobody up for Hours after me to serve me. Indeed I am poorly served at any Time. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish i Serve yourself, would you be well served, is an excellent adage. 1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. i. 14 The mistress of a house, however splendid, should know how work ought to be done, if she wishes to be well and honestly served. 1989 A. Bermel & T. Emery tr. C. Gozzi i. i. in Five Tales for Theatre 131 The emperor commanded that my mother and father be brought to the poorhouse, and that they be well served and looked after there. b. To be given good (bad, etc.) treatment, support, assistance, etc.; to be well (badly, etc.) treated. ΚΠ 1820 tr. Critique Mr. Blomfield's Ed. Aeschyli Persæ in E. H. Barker Aristarchus Anti-Blomfieldianus 86 Where the poor poet really wants help, there he is deserted, or badly served, by his companion. 1880 T. Hardy Trumpet-major III. xl. He has been badly served—badly served—by a woman. I never heard of a more heartless case in my life. 1924 Times 13 Oct. 5/4 Cambridge were particularly well served..by P. S. Douty, who..gave a highly finished all-round display... Altogether he was unquestionably the man of the match. 1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities ii. 60 Coleridge, not yet thirty, was a physically sick man, poorly served by the medicine of the time. 1991 Economist 24 Aug. 73/3 His claim that Muhammed was not an anti-feminist is not well served when, in his translation of the fourth chapter, the sura on women, he leaves out the vital 34th verse, which lays down emphatically the superiority of men. 2009 H. Schlossberg Conflict & Crisis in Religious Life Late Victorian Eng. iii. 99 Our understanding of the Victorian Nonconformists has been badly served by both harsh judgments of outsiders..and by uncritical partisans. c. To be well (badly, etc.) provided. ΚΠ 1840 Godey's Lady's Bk. Oct. 188/1 Poor little thing! its scrawny branches were poorly served with leaves, and its trunk was long, thin, and consumptive. 1898 G. B. Shaw Candida in Plays Pleasant & Unpleasant 29 A vast district..well served with ugly iron urinals. 1985 Times 3 Oct. 29/7 We have to re-allocate resources from some parts of Britain that are relatively over-resourced to others less well served. 1995 Observatory 115 148 The cosmologist is well served this year with articles on the microwave background, dark matter, and cosmic flows. 2018 J. A. Johnson et al. Comparative Health Systems ii. xviii. 348/2 Rural areas are particularly poorly served with access to health care. P4. to serve one's country (and variants): to do useful service to or on behalf of one's country; to do work that is in the national interest; esp. to perform military service. Cf. sense 8, 16. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > serve [verb (intransitive)] > serve one's country to serve one's country1531 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxiv. sig. h.iiij^v Our wittes may be amended, & our personages be more apte to serue our publike weale and our prince. 1538 R. Morison tr. J. Sturm Epist. Cardynalles sig. Cv Our forefathers dyd institute this monkysshe lyfe, bycause they wolde haue men holy, lerned, fytte to serue their countrey. 1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. iii. sig. D1 He serued his country for his countries sake. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 564 To what can I be useful, wherein serve My Nation . View more context for this quotation 1738 tr. J. Butler Memoirs 183 Tho' she had given the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland to another, yet I thought myself recompensed in having served my Country. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 794 He burns with most intense and flagrant zeal To serve his country. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. vi. 322 War-Minister Narbonne,..threatens,..to ‘take his sword’,..and go serve his country with that. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art Add. 196 A labourer serves his country with his spade, just as a man in the middle ranks of life serves it with his sword, pen, or lancet. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 466 Those who serve their country ought to serve without receiving gifts. 1960 News Chron. 19 Feb. 3/4 He had joined the Germans only to get to Britain and there serve his country. 2012 Quality of Life Res. 21 1858/1 The pride many servicemen take in serving their country may also increase their satisfaction with life. P5. Usually depreciative. to serve the time (also times) [after classical Latin tempori servīre] : to adapt one's conduct or views to suit prevailing circumstances or orthodoxy, esp. in a self-interested way. Also (of a thing, action, attitude, etc.): to be suitable or useful for, or adaptable to, prevailing circumstances. Cf. time-serving adj. 1, time-server n. 2. Now rare (poetic or archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > be inconstant [verb (intransitive)] > temporize or trim to serve the time (also times)?1544 temporize1555 to turn the cat in the pan1622 trim1687 to sail with every (shift of) wind1710 to play (also work) both sides of the street1909 ?1544 E. Allen tr. A. Alesius Auctorite Word of God sig. Aiiij^v I determined with my self to serue the tyme [L. tempori seruiendum esse] and to change the preaching of the crosse with the scyence of physik. 1588 R. Bancroft Serm. at Paules Crosse 37 The scriptures are appointed to serve the time, and have divers understandings: so that at one time they may be expounded after the..ordinarie custome: & that the same custome being changed, the meaning of the Scriptures may likewise be changed. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. i. 48 Who thinke that herein we serue the time, and speake in fauour of the present state, because thereby we eyther holde or seeke preferment. 1689 R. Atkyns Enq. Power Dispensing with Penal Statutes 36 Let us not..approve of all things, tho' delivered by Authors of greatest Name, for they often serve the Times, or their Affections, and bend the Rules as occasion requires. 1734 Of Superstition 13 In righteous Lore, 'tis now become no Crime, To suit Convenience, or to serve the Time. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII xviii. 64 Be wary, watch the time, and always serve it. 1865 W. J. Linton Claribel & Other Poems 259 England! be thyself again: Ask not what may serve the time; See where standeth Truth sublime, Ask her will, and be thou fain. 2009 G. L. Bray tr. Ambrosiaster Comm. Romans & 12 Corinthians 97/2 Paul himself ‘served the time’ when he did what he did not want to do, for he unwillingly circumcised Timothy and purified himself by shaving his head according to the law. P6. to serve the shop: to attend to the needs of customers in a shop. Now rare (historical or somewhat dated in later use). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > keep shop or work in shop to keep shopa1450 to serve the shop1566 serve1759 shop-walk1905 1566 J. Securis Detection sig. D^v Yf..he [sc. an apothecary] hathe suche a one vnder hym to serue the shoppe that is of lyke qualities: It is not then so greatly necessary for the phisytion to be present. 1796 H. More John the Shopkeeper: Pt. 2 6 Deck'd in her best she comes in view, And serves the shop from twelve to two. 1868 New Eng. Farmer 10 Jan. It was customary to live at one's place of business, and the wives and daughters served the shop. 1907 Canad. Grocer 17 May 91/2 It is a good thing to have a w.c. and a fairly large sink, for the use of those serving the shop. 1962 Irish Times 10 Sept. 8/6 Some of the ‘Bills’ who served the shop, banged their big bells and yelled: ‘C'mon Missus. All the specks a penny.’ P7. a. to serve (a person) right: to punish or treat (a person who commits an offence or behaves foolishly or unreasonably) appropriately; (later also with non-personal subject) to be the deserved punishment or misfortune of (a person), esp. in it serves (you, them, etc.) right, it would serve (you, etc.) right. In earliest use in passive. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (intransitive)] > deserve well or ill > get one's deserts to sow the wind and reap the whirlwindc1384 to drink to one's oysters1470 to serve (a person) right1587 to get the wissel of one's groat1721 to get one's fairing1787 to get one's bitters1812 to get one's faring1846 come1896 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > deserve (well or ill) > give one his deserts to serve (a person) right1587 to give (a person) his or her fairing1818 1587 J. Higgins Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) i. Iago f. 42 This sleeper..Which for his slouthfull sinne was serued right. 1607 R. C. in tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders To Rdr. sig. A3^v If he laugh them to scorne, and deride their dreames and dotages, he serues them but right. 1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 419 What think you, Sir, Were not these Villains right served? 1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband ii. i. 32 They serv'd you right enough! will you never have done with your Horse-play? 1773 C. Dibdin Deserter ii. vi. 31 Jen. I shall see his ghost every night. Sim. And it serves you right. ?1788 in Agitation (new ed.) I. 151 It would serve you right to let you be taken in. 1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon x in Fraser's Mag. May 551/2 The good old days in Europe, before the cowardice of the French aristocracy (in the shameful Revolution, which served them right) brought discredit and ruin upon our order. 1885 J. Payn Talk of Town I. 99 Confound the fellow!..it would serve him right if they tossed him. 1894 Golden Days 13 Jan. 115/4 No method bad is this, which can Make wife beaters quail in fright, For such treatment serves him right. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxi. 86 ‘It would serve you right if I told him,’ said Mr. Carey. 1936 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Dec. 1027/1 The old Catholic families..were served right for the Marian persecutions. 1960 P. D. East Magnolia Jungle vii. 36 I was served right for having not paid heed to my instructions. 1968 Guardian 18 Jan. 19/3 If complacency was responsible for Arsenal's lapse and the defence's unforced errors, then it served them right. 2014 Philippines Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 3 Apr. Instead of an award, Capa got a dressing down which served him right. b. serve(s) (you, me, them, etc.) right. (a) Used (often as an exclamation) to express satisfaction (or resignation) at a person paying the penalty for an offence or suffering the consequences of a foolish or unreasonable action. ΚΠ 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xlii. 454 Natural death..workhouse funeral—serve him right—all over. 1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 154 ‘He's stolen my things and run away!!’—Says she, ‘And sarve you right!!’ 1889 A. Lang Prince Prigio vi. 45 Everyone had heard of his disgrace, and almost everyone cried ‘Serve him right!’ 1932 S. Gibbons Cold Comfort Farm xvi. 224 ‘Serve her right, the old trout,’ muttered Flora. 2009 J. Eagland Wildthorn 258 She is clearly in the final stages of the disease and just for a second I can't help thinking, Serves her right. (b) As a modifier, with the sense ‘expressing or characterized by satisfaction at a person paying the penalty for an offence or suffering the consequences of a foolish, wrong, or unreasonable action’. ΚΠ 1844 New Monthly Mag. July 393 We see juries laying their heads together to generate verdicts on the ‘serve him right’ principle. 1875 Railway Times 22 May 349/1 Those who are disinclined to accept a ‘serve him right’ mode of dismissing the matter. 1909 Railway Conductor Feb. 169/1 Brother C. E. Graves.., with a ‘serves-you-right’ expression, bows to us and goes on his way leaving us unaided. 1935 H. Straumann Newspaper Headlines i. 29 Lastly there is the Daily Worker, the Communist paper, with its serve-him-right attitude. 1977 New Yorker 15 Aug. 66/2 The widespread serves-them-right judgment that greeted New York's misfortune. 2017 @bhubaza 6 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 7 Aug. 2020) It is insanely hot and our maintenance guy keeps giving us the ‘serves you right’ look cause we complained the aircon was too cold last week. P8. to serve (one's) time. a. To undertake a term of (compulsory or indentured) service or training; to spend a period in a particular role or position; spec. to complete an apprenticeship, to work as an apprentice to a particular trade, workplace, etc.; (also, and earliest use) to complete a period of service as a member of the armed forces. ΚΠ 1569 J. Saparton Alarum (single sheet) If euer warlike wighte, Hath serued his time in vaine. 1582 A. Munday Breefe Aunswer sig. Diij Then he beginneth to rip vp the course of my life, Howe I was an Apprentise, and serued my tyme well with deceyuing my Maister. 1660 J. Naylor Acct. Children of Light 23 If..the prentice serves his time honestly and truely, and have his Masters testimony thereto, yet is he denyed his freedome, if he cannot sweare for Conscience sake. 1712 J. Arbuthnot Law is Bottomless-pit iv. 9 Lewis Baboon had taken up the Trade of Clothier and Draper, without serving his Time, or purchasing his Freedom. 1787 Daily Universal Reg. 19 Apr. 4/3 (advt.) A Person who has served his time to the brewery will be happy to be employed as a Clerk. 1804 Naval Chron. 12 510 A new Class of Officers, to be called Sub-Lieutenants, are to be appointed, selected from Midshipmen who have served their time. 1863 Rep. Sea Fisheries Comm. (1865) II. 418/1 I served my time to trawling. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Aug. 4/2 Born at Troutbeck..he served his time to the trade of bobbin-turner. 1956 S. H. Bell Erin's Orange Lily iii. 40 I had a brother who was a joiner and he served his time in the shipyard and he got his London City and Guilds and that sort of thing. 2004 G. Beattie Protestant Boy (2013) (e-book ed.) My brother served his time as an apprentice electrician at Scott's. b. To go through a period of penal servitude as punishment for a crime; spend time in prison for an offence. Cf. sense 17, to do (one's) time at time n., int., and conj. Phrases 4d. In earliest use referring to the sentences of convicts transported to Australia. ΚΠ 1793 Sun 27 May The rest are the Convicts who have served their time, and are now become Settlers. 1802 Barrington's Hist. New S. Wales v. 124 Passage boats were allowed now to go from Sydney to Paramatta. These were the property of convicts who had served their time. 1834 J. Simpson Necessity Pop. Educ. 290 In the colony, the Archbishop says, even the convicts who have served their time, or been pardoned, and moreover acquired property, are unreclaimed. 1886 Science 24 Sept. 287 Every unfortunate or miscreant who has once ‘served time’. 1906 U. Sinclair Jungle (1981) xvi. 168 This time Jurgis was bound for the ‘Bridewell’, a petty jail where Cook County prisoners serve their time. 1952 W. R. Burnett Vanity Row v. 44 In the early 'twenties he'd served time..for bootlegging... Since then.., he'd been..on the legit. 2016 G. Zara & D. P. Farrington Criminal Recidivism ii. 50 The vast majority of men who served time in prison were those offenders who committed at least five offences. P9. to serve the place (or stead) of: to be of use in place or instead of; to provide a substitute for (cf. 25a). ΚΠ 1670 W. Penn Great Case Liberty of Consc. (new ed.) (title page) Which may serve the Place of a General Reply to such late Discourses. 1756 T. Pelham-Holles Resignation 13 Let not Resignations, my Countrymen, serve the place of Enquiry. 1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 242 She lighted..a splinter of bog pine which was to serve the place of a candle. 1837 C. Lofft Self-formation I. 199 They may serve the stead of presence of mind, to a certain point at least. 1907 Washington Post 29 May 6/2 It will serve the stead of a million recruiting sergeants in our next big war. 1972 Math. Gaz. 56 254 The book consists of..worked examples serving the place of formal proofs. 2007 Amer. Lit. Hist. 19 992 Even racism does not quite serve the place of blood and soil nationalism. P10. to serve at (the) bar: to practice law as a barrister or attorney. Cf. bar n.¹ 23a. Somewhat rare.The more usual phrase is to practise at the bar. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > practise at the bar to serve at (the) barc1390 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. l. 85 Þer houeþ an Hundret In Houues of selk, Seriauns hit semeþ to seruen atte Barre. 1603 Ld. Ellesmere Let. in J. P. Collier Egerton Papers (1840) 372 Moost of the Judges are aged, and the Serjeantes at Lawe now servinge at the barre not so sufficyent to supplye judiciall places as were to be wyshed. 1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. iv. iii. 485 There is no reason, why those who serve at the bar should not live by the bar. 1816 N. Amer. Rev. May 15 At a time, when a classical education and law learning were not deemed essential qualifications for a judge, it may be supposed, that those who served at the bar were but little distinguished by scientifick attainments. 2018 L. Connolly Sinless (e-book ed.) I did manage to take silk, but I had to give up my plan to serve at the Bar in order to make my living. †P11. to see and serve: to participate in a military campaign; to fight against a given enemy. Chiefly in to have seen and served. Cf. to see service at service n.¹ Phrases 2c. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] to bear armsc1325 to take armsa1425 serve1430 war1535 to trail a pikec1550 sold1564 to follow the drum1575 to see and serve1590 soldierize1593 militate1625 soldier1647 be in buff1701 to go (a-)soldiering1756 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. sig. 2^v That haue seene and serued in the well ordered warres of Emperours or Kings. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet* iv. vii. 69 I haue seene my selfe, and seru'd against the French. 1678 A. Lovell tr. La Fontaine Mil. Duties Cavalry 35 A young Gentleman who hath seen and served in a Campagn, and sometimes by favour, is commonly placed in that charge. P12. first come, first served: see first adj., adv., and n.² Phrases 2d. to serve a person hand and foot: see hand n. Phrases 6a(b). to serve with the same sauce: see sauce n. Phrases 3a 11. extracted from servev.¹ < as lemmas
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