tithingmann.¹

Brit.

/ˈtʌɪðɪŋman/, U.S.

/ˈtaɪðɪŋˌmæn/

Inflections: Plural tithingmen.

Forms: see tithing n.¹ and man n.¹; also Middle English tathingmen (plural).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: tithing n.¹, man n.¹

Etymology: < tithing n.¹ + man n.¹ With sense 2 compare hundred-man n. at hundred n. and adj. Compounds 2.In sense 1 after biblical uses of post-classical Latin decanus commander of a division of ten (see decan n. and compare dean n.¹); compare other Old English renderings of decanus as e.g. tīena ealdor , lit. ‘commander of ten’, and also the use of the same Latin word to translate the English legal term (see sense 2a) in quot. c1200. Earlier currency of sense 2a is perhaps implied by quot. lOE, as composition of this law is usually attributed to the reign of Edgar (959–75); if so, it may underlie the use in sense 1. Also attested early as a surname in sense 2a, e.g. William Tedingman (1163), William Teðingman (1197), etc. Compare post-classical Latin tethingmannus (frequent from 13th cent. in British sources; < English).

†1. The head, chief, or commander of a group of ten. Obsolete (rare after Old English).Only in biblical contexts.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > person in authority over specific number > over 10, 20, 100

tithingmanOE

vicenary1603

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xviii. 21 Geceos of eallum ðysum folce wise men.., & gesete of him ðusendmen & hundredmen & fiftigesmen & teoðingmen [L. decanos].

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) i. 15 Ic nam wise men & welborene, & sette hi to ealdrum..& to teoþingmannum [L. decanos].

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum xviii. 275 A Ruler of ten, or tithing man.

a. In Anglo-Saxon and later medieval England: the chief member of a tithing (tithing n.¹ 2) in a system of frank-pledge (frank-pledge n.). Later: a parish officer having the same role and function as a petty constable. Cf. headborough n. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > tithingman or headborough

tithingmanlOE

frithborh-headc1200

headborough1375

thirdborough?c1475

frank-pledgec1503

borsholder1536

borrow-head1581

decurion1591

decener1607

chief-pledge1630

dean1647

society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > constable > of a parish or tithing

tithingmanlOE

Petty Constable1472

tithemana1475

thirdborough?c1475

petty constable1574

parish officer1646

parish watcha1745

lOE Laws: Hundredgemot (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 192 Gyf neod on handa stande, cyðe hit man ðam hundredesmen, & he syððan ðam teoðingmannum.

c1200 ( Leges Edwardi Confessoris: Version 1 (BL Add.) xxviii, in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 651 Sic imposuerunt iusticiarios super quosque friþborges x, quos decanos possumus dicere; Anglice autem theþingeman [c1200 Law Soc. teþingeman; a1175 Holkham tyenþe heued] uocati sunt.

1432 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. May 1432 §36. m. 6 The decennare and decennes, oder wyse called thethyngman and thethyngs.

1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §25. m. 6 Chescun conestable, tythyngman, ou chief plegge, de chescun ville ou hamelle.

1551 Proclam. Edward VI Reformation of Vagabondes 28 Apr. His maiestie straightly chargeth and commaundeth, all Iustices, Mayors, Shirifes, baylifes, Constables, Hedboroughes, Tithing men, and al other Officers and ministers.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. iii. 15 For Borowhead, Borsholder, & Tithingman, bee three seuerall names of one selfesame thing, and doe signifie, The chiefe man of the free pledges within that Borow, or Tithing.

1626 R. Bernard Isle of Man i. 45 There be fower sorts of Officers which may attach Fellons by warrant. The Deputie Constable, the Tithingman, The Pettie Constable, and the Head Constable.

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 345 The Thirdburrow or Tithingman ought to come to Portbury Leete.

1724 London Gaz. No. 6232/2 [They] were by his Mittimus put into the Custody of a Tithingman with a strong Guard.

1770 J. Woodforde Diary 23 Jan. (1981) I. 97 I sent the Summons Warrant..to the Tithing man.

1854 J. Toulmin Smith Parish i. 11 The name of tythingman remained long, and even still remains, in use in some places.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. v. 90 (note) The tithingman is of course an elective officer.

1957 Country Life 31 Jan. 190/3 The Court books record the names of the tithingmen and jury.

2015 D. Cressy Charles I & People of Eng. iii. 107 Minor office-holders such as tithingmen and petty constables faced counter-intimidation from recalcitrant neighbours when they tried to collect the money.

b. North American (originally colonial). Also tidingman. In Maryland and New England: an elected officer of a township, having the same role and function as a petty constable. Now historical.In New England, the chief function of the tithingman came to be that of enforcing observance of the Sabbath and good behaviour during church services.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > of township in parts of U.S.

titheman1639

tithingman1639

supervisor1792

township trustee1817

1639 Laws Maryland in Arch. Maryland (1883) I. 52 Power..to grant a warrant or warrants to the Sherrif high Constable or tithing man.

1677 in Colonial Laws Massachusetts (1887) 250 One man appointed to inspect the ten Families of their Neighbours, which Tithing man or men shall..have power in the absence of the Constable to apprehend all Sabbath-breakers.

1703 in S. A. Green Early Rec. Groton, Mass. (1880) 123 Certain persons chosen for tiding men Joseph gilson Benjmen farnworth.

1800 Laws New-Hampsh., Dec. 1799 548 Choose by ballot certain persons, being of good substance and sober life, to be tythingmen of such town or district.

1836 Rev. Stat. Mass. 180 At the annual meeting, every town shall choose..Tythingmen, unless the towns shall vote that it is not expedient to choose the same.

1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People vi. 63 They're goin' clean agin everything—Sunday laws and tiding-man and all.

1934 N.Y. Times 28 Oct. 6/2 It [sc. the New England town meeting] no longer appoints a tithing-man to tickle the noses of sermon sleepers with a foxtail wand.

1997 W. Hazen Everyday Life: Colonial Times i. 8 (caption) Services were long, and the tithingman was kept busy keeping people awake.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tithingman
释义	tithingmann.¹ Brit. /ˈtʌɪðɪŋman/, U.S. /ˈtaɪðɪŋˌmæn/ Inflections: Plural tithingmen. Forms: see tithing n.¹ and man n.¹; also Middle English tathingmen (plural). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: tithing n.¹, man n.¹ Etymology: < tithing n.¹ + man n.¹ With sense 2 compare hundred-man n. at hundred n. and adj. Compounds 2.In sense 1 after biblical uses of post-classical Latin decanus commander of a division of ten (see decan n. and compare dean n.¹); compare other Old English renderings of decanus as e.g. tīena ealdor , lit. ‘commander of ten’, and also the use of the same Latin word to translate the English legal term (see sense 2a) in quot. c1200. Earlier currency of sense 2a is perhaps implied by quot. lOE, as composition of this law is usually attributed to the reign of Edgar (959–75); if so, it may underlie the use in sense 1. Also attested early as a surname in sense 2a, e.g. William Tedingman (1163), William Teðingman (1197), etc. Compare post-classical Latin tethingmannus (frequent from 13th cent. in British sources; < English). †1. The head, chief, or commander of a group of ten. Obsolete (rare after Old English).Only in biblical contexts. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > person in authority over specific number > over 10, 20, 100 tithingmanOE vicenary1603 OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xviii. 21 Geceos of eallum ðysum folce wise men.., & gesete of him ðusendmen & hundredmen & fiftigesmen & teoðingmen [L. decanos]. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) i. 15 Ic nam wise men & welborene, & sette hi to ealdrum..& to teoþingmannum [L. decanos]. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum xviii. 275 A Ruler of ten, or tithing man. 2. a. In Anglo-Saxon and later medieval England: the chief member of a tithing (tithing n.¹ 2) in a system of frank-pledge (frank-pledge n.). Later: a parish officer having the same role and function as a petty constable. Cf. headborough n. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > tithingman or headborough tithingmanlOE frithborh-headc1200 headborough1375 thirdborough?c1475 frank-pledgec1503 borsholder1536 borrow-head1581 decurion1591 decener1607 chief-pledge1630 dean1647 society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > constable > of a parish or tithing tithingmanlOE Petty Constable1472 tithemana1475 thirdborough?c1475 petty constable1574 parish officer1646 parish watcha1745 lOE Laws: Hundredgemot (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 192 Gyf neod on handa stande, cyðe hit man ðam hundredesmen, & he syððan ðam teoðingmannum. c1200 ( Leges Edwardi Confessoris: Version 1 (BL Add.) xxviii, in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 651 Sic imposuerunt iusticiarios super quosque friþborges x, quos decanos possumus dicere; Anglice autem theþingeman [c1200 Law Soc. teþingeman; a1175 Holkham tyenþe heued] uocati sunt. 1432 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. May 1432 §36. m. 6 The decennare and decennes, oder wyse called thethyngman and thethyngs. 1442 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §25. m. 6 Chescun conestable, tythyngman, ou chief plegge, de chescun ville ou hamelle. 1551 Proclam. Edward VI Reformation of Vagabondes 28 Apr. His maiestie straightly chargeth and commaundeth, all Iustices, Mayors, Shirifes, baylifes, Constables, Hedboroughes, Tithing men, and al other Officers and ministers. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. iii. 15 For Borowhead, Borsholder, & Tithingman, bee three seuerall names of one selfesame thing, and doe signifie, The chiefe man of the free pledges within that Borow, or Tithing. 1626 R. Bernard Isle of Man i. 45 There be fower sorts of Officers which may attach Fellons by warrant. The Deputie Constable, the Tithingman, The Pettie Constable, and the Head Constable. a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 345 The Thirdburrow or Tithingman ought to come to Portbury Leete. 1724 London Gaz. No. 6232/2 [They] were by his Mittimus put into the Custody of a Tithingman with a strong Guard. 1770 J. Woodforde Diary 23 Jan. (1981) I. 97 I sent the Summons Warrant..to the Tithing man. 1854 J. Toulmin Smith Parish i. 11 The name of tythingman remained long, and even still remains, in use in some places. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. v. 90 (note) The tithingman is of course an elective officer. 1957 Country Life 31 Jan. 190/3 The Court books record the names of the tithingmen and jury. 2015 D. Cressy Charles I & People of Eng. iii. 107 Minor office-holders such as tithingmen and petty constables faced counter-intimidation from recalcitrant neighbours when they tried to collect the money. b. North American (originally colonial). Also tidingman. In Maryland and New England: an elected officer of a township, having the same role and function as a petty constable. Now historical.In New England, the chief function of the tithingman came to be that of enforcing observance of the Sabbath and good behaviour during church services. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > of township in parts of U.S. titheman1639 tithingman1639 supervisor1792 township trustee1817 1639 Laws Maryland in Arch. Maryland (1883) I. 52 Power..to grant a warrant or warrants to the Sherrif high Constable or tithing man. 1677 in Colonial Laws Massachusetts (1887) 250 One man appointed to inspect the ten Families of their Neighbours, which Tithing man or men shall..have power in the absence of the Constable to apprehend all Sabbath-breakers. 1703 in S. A. Green Early Rec. Groton, Mass. (1880) 123 Certain persons chosen for tiding men Joseph gilson Benjmen farnworth. 1800 Laws New-Hampsh., Dec. 1799 548 Choose by ballot certain persons, being of good substance and sober life, to be tythingmen of such town or district. 1836 Rev. Stat. Mass. 180 At the annual meeting, every town shall choose..Tythingmen, unless the towns shall vote that it is not expedient to choose the same. 1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People vi. 63 They're goin' clean agin everything—Sunday laws and tiding-man and all. 1934 N.Y. Times 28 Oct. 6/2 It [sc. the New England town meeting] no longer appoints a tithing-man to tickle the noses of sermon sleepers with a foxtail wand. 1997 W. Hazen Everyday Life: Colonial Times i. 8 (caption) Services were long, and the tithingman was kept busy keeping people awake. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OE
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tithingmann.1

tithingmann.¹