| 单词 | swinkful |
| 释义 | † swinkfuladj.α. Old English geswincful, Old English geswincfull, Old English geswyncfull, late Old English geswicncfulran (comparative, nominative plural, transmission error). β. late Old English swincfull, late Old English swyncfull- (inflected form), early Middle English swincful, early Middle English swincfule, early Middle English swinkfulle, early Middle English swinkfullle (transmission error), early Middle English swinncfull ( Ormulum), early Middle English swynkeful, early Middle English swynkful. Obsolete. 1. Full of toil or trouble; disastrous; troublesome, irksome; painful, distressing. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious angeeOE swinkfuleOE plightlyOE teenfulOE contrariousc1320 drefa1325 troublinga1325 despitousa1340 thornya1340 discomfortablec1350 troublablec1374 noyousa1382 noyfulc1384 diseasy1387 angrya1393 painful1395 hackinga1400 annoying?c1400 annoyousc1400 cumbrousc1400 teenc1400 annoyfulc1405 sputousc1420 diseasefula1425 molest?a1425 noying?a1425 noisomea1450 grievingc1450 tedious?1454 troublous1463 noisantc1475 displeasant1481 strouble1488 nuisant1494 noyanta1500 irksome1513 sturting1513 molestious1524 vexatious1534 cumbersome1535 uncommodious1541 spiteful1548 vexing?1548 incommodious1551 molestous1555 diseasing1558 grating1563 pestilent1565 sturtsome1570 molestuousa1572 troublesome1573 murrain1575 discommodable1579 galling1583 spiny1586 unsupportable1586 troubleful1588 plaguey1594 distressingc1595 molestful1596 molesting1598 vexful1598 fretful1603 briery1604 bemadding1608 mortifying1611 tiry1611 distressfula1616 irking1629 angersome1649 disobliging1652 discomforting1654 incomfortable1655 incommode1672 ruffling1680 unconvenient1683 pestifying1716 trying1718 offending1726 bothering1765 pesky1775 weary1785 sturty1788 unaccommodating1790 tiresome1798 werriting1808 bothersome1817 plaguesome1828 pestilential1833 fretsome1834 languorous1834 pesty1834 pestersome1843 nettlesome1845 miserable1850 niggling1854 distempering1855 be-maddeninga1861 nattery1873 nagging1883 pestiferous1890 trouble-giving1893 maddening1896 molestive1905 nuisancy1906 balls-aching?1912 nuisance1922 nattering1949 noodgy1969 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 cockish1996 eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. vii. 410 Gif hi yfele sint and lytige þonne sint hi þe pliolicran and geswincfulran hæfd ðonne næfd. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xx. 192 He..astrehte his handa on gebedum, and bliðe gewat of ðisum geswincfullum [lOE Vesp. D.xiv swyncfulle] life. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1085 Þæs ilcan geares wæs swiðe hefelic gear & swiðe swincfull & sorhfull gear innan Englelande. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 151 Þu schalt ȝeoue me lauerd heorte scheld aȝein þe feond. þi swincfule [?c1225 Cleo. swingfule] pine. 2. Hard-working, industrious, diligent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] > diligent or industrious busyOE swinkfulOE laboriousa1393 virtuousc1450 eident1529 operose1546 laboursome1552 industrious1591 work-likea1642 work-brittle1647 notable1666 nitle1673 hard-working1682 worksome1830 shirtsleeve1864 workful1875 OE Prognostics (Tiber.) (2007) 410 Puella uerecunda, laboriosa, casta, uiris placens : mæden scamfæst, geswincful, clæne, wærum gelicgende [read gelicigende]. OE Wulfstan Institutes of Polity (Junius) 126 Þæs hades men, þe þurh Godes ege hwylum wæron nyttoste and geswincfulleste on godcundan þeowdome and on boccræfte, þa syndon nu wel forð unnyttaste. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2621 Ȝho wass swinncfull..Inn alle gode dedess. Derivatives swinkfulness n. (a) tribulation, hardship; (b) diligence. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [noun] > studious care or diligence yernfulnesseOE swinkfulnessOE diligencec1374 applying?c1430 diligencya1513 diligentness1530 sedulity1542 application1543 assiduity1605 sedulousness1622 navity1623 assiduousness1637 intention1638 apply1681 perdiligence1694 painstakingness1917 OE Lambeth Psalter xxxiii. 7 Dominus exaudiuit eum et ex omnibus tribulationibus eius saluauit eum : drihten gehyrde hine & of eallum geswincfulnyssum his he gehælde hine. OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) xi. 117 Laboriosum non est homini relinquere sua sed ualde laboriosum est relinquere semetipsum : geswincfulnyss nys menn forlætan his ac swyþe geswincfull ys forlætan hine sylfne. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2526 Ȝho wass..All full..Off rihhtwis swinncfullnesse. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  adj.eOE |
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