† swindv.

Forms: 1. Present stem Old English swindan, Old English swint (3rd singular present indicative, in prefixed forms), Middle English swinde, Middle English swynde. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). 1st and 3rd singular indicative early Old English suand, early Old English suond (in prefixed forms), Old English swand (in prefixed forms), Old English swond (in prefixed forms). (ii). Plural early Old English sundun (in prefixed forms), early Old English swundun (Mercian, in prefixed forms), Old English swundon. b. Weak late Middle English swyndid. 3. Past participle early Old English suunden (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Old English suundn- (inflected form, in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Old English swundn- (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English swunden (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Middle English iswunten, early Middle English swindene (inflected form, perhaps transmission error), early Middle English swundan (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Middle English swundon (in prefixed forms (not ge-)).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch swinden (Dutch zwinden , now obsolete), Old Saxon -swindan (in farswindan to vanish (compare for- prefix¹), Middle Low German swinden), Old High German swintan, swinden (Middle High German swinden, (also) swinten, German schwinden). Further etymology uncertain: perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic prisvęnǫti to wither; or perhaps < from the same Germanic base as Middle Dutch swīnen to decrease, to waste away (Dutch regional (Groningen) zwijnen), Old High German swīnan to dwindle away, to decrease (Middle High German swīnen, German regional (Switzerland and Upper Rhine) schweinen, schwīne), Old Ιcelandic svína (strong verb) to lessen, also svina, svena (weak verb) to subside, to disappear, although this connection poses formal problems (perhaps compare Icelandic svía to abate (17th cent.), which may reflect a form of the base without -n-).Germanic parallels. The Germanic base of Old High German swīnan is itself of uncertain origin, hence also the uncertainty whether a related base with -nd- is morphologically likely. Old Swedish -svinna , -svinda (in prefixed forsvinna , forsvinna , Swedish svinna ), Danish svinde , all in similar senses, are probably borrowed < Middle Low German swinden or German schwinden . Old English. In Old English a strong verb of Class III, as in Old High German. The prefixed form aswindan aswind v. is also attested and is more frequent than the unprefixed form.

Obsolete.

intransitive. To waste away, languish; to dwindle away, decrease, die. Also: to vanish, disappear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > become less violent or severe [verb (intransitive)] > lose vigour or intensity

swindOE

wane1297

forslacka1300

keelc1325

deadc1384

abatea1387

flag1639

to go off1642

subsidea1645

slacken1651

flat1654

lower1699

relax1701

deaden1723

entame1768

sober1825

lighten1827

sletch1847

slow1849

languish1855

bate1860

to slow up1861

to slow down1879

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] > decline or fall off

afalleOE

swindOE

slakec1315

pairc1390

fade1398

to fall awayc1510

decline1530

to fall off1608

sink1613

recess1641

fail1819

lighten1827

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)]

dwinec1000

shrinkc1000

swindOE

wastea1300

pinea1325

rot1340

tapishc1375

wastea1387

consume1495

decaya1538

winder1600

pule1607

moch1818

to run down1826

tabefy1891

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear > by decay or ceasing to exist

swindOE

vanishc1340

vanisha1375

vanish1590

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Cambr.) iv. xxvi. 354 Ealle..hefegum slæpe swundon [eOE Tanner hefige slæpe syndon; L. somno torpent inerti] oððe to synnum wacedon.

lOE Rule St. Benet (Faust.) i. 135 Hi..on þam frumwylme heora gecyrrednesse hy sylfe fulfremede taliaþ, ac hy swiþe recene awlaciaþ and swindende acoliaþ.

a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 57 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 163 Vre swinc and ure tilþe is ofte iwoned to swinden.

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 7 Þus me pileþ þe pore, þat is of lute pris, nede in swot & in swynk swynde mot swo.

c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 135 Heil lenere and louere of largenesse, Swete and swettest þat neuer may swynde.

a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) l. 342 (MED) Sodenly his swete chere swyndid and faylide.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	swind
释义	† swindv. Forms: 1. Present stem Old English swindan, Old English swint (3rd singular present indicative, in prefixed forms), Middle English swinde, Middle English swynde. 2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). 1st and 3rd singular indicative early Old English suand, early Old English suond (in prefixed forms), Old English swand (in prefixed forms), Old English swond (in prefixed forms). (ii). Plural early Old English sundun (in prefixed forms), early Old English swundun (Mercian, in prefixed forms), Old English swundon. b. Weak late Middle English swyndid. 3. Past participle early Old English suunden (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Old English suundn- (inflected form, in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Old English swundn- (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), Old English swunden (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Middle English iswunten, early Middle English swindene (inflected form, perhaps transmission error), early Middle English swundan (in prefixed forms (not ge-)), early Middle English swundon (in prefixed forms (not ge-)). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch swinden (Dutch zwinden , now obsolete), Old Saxon -swindan (in farswindan to vanish (compare for- prefix¹), Middle Low German swinden), Old High German swintan, swinden (Middle High German swinden, (also) swinten, German schwinden). Further etymology uncertain: perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic prisvęnǫti to wither; or perhaps < from the same Germanic base as Middle Dutch swīnen to decrease, to waste away (Dutch regional (Groningen) zwijnen), Old High German swīnan to dwindle away, to decrease (Middle High German swīnen, German regional (Switzerland and Upper Rhine) schweinen, schwīne), Old Ιcelandic svína (strong verb) to lessen, also svina, svena (weak verb) to subside, to disappear, although this connection poses formal problems (perhaps compare Icelandic svía to abate (17th cent.), which may reflect a form of the base without -n-).Germanic parallels. The Germanic base of Old High German swīnan is itself of uncertain origin, hence also the uncertainty whether a related base with -nd- is morphologically likely. Old Swedish -svinna , -svinda (in prefixed forsvinna , forsvinna , Swedish svinna ), Danish svinde , all in similar senses, are probably borrowed < Middle Low German swinden or German schwinden . Old English. In Old English a strong verb of Class III, as in Old High German. The prefixed form aswindan aswind v. is also attested and is more frequent than the unprefixed form. Obsolete. intransitive. To waste away, languish; to dwindle away, decrease, die. Also: to vanish, disappear. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > become less violent or severe [verb (intransitive)] > lose vigour or intensity swindOE wane1297 forslacka1300 keelc1325 deadc1384 abatea1387 flag1639 to go off1642 subsidea1645 slacken1651 flat1654 lower1699 relax1701 deaden1723 entame1768 sober1825 lighten1827 sletch1847 slow1849 languish1855 bate1860 to slow up1861 to slow down1879 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] > decline or fall off afalleOE swindOE slakec1315 pairc1390 fade1398 to fall awayc1510 decline1530 to fall off1608 sink1613 recess1641 fail1819 lighten1827 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)] dwinec1000 shrinkc1000 swindOE wastea1300 pinea1325 rot1340 tapishc1375 wastea1387 consume1495 decaya1538 winder1600 pule1607 moch1818 to run down1826 tabefy1891 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear > by decay or ceasing to exist swindOE vanishc1340 vanisha1375 vanish1590 OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Cambr.) iv. xxvi. 354 Ealle..hefegum slæpe swundon [eOE Tanner hefige slæpe syndon; L. somno torpent inerti] oððe to synnum wacedon. lOE Rule St. Benet (Faust.) i. 135 Hi..on þam frumwylme heora gecyrrednesse hy sylfe fulfremede taliaþ, ac hy swiþe recene awlaciaþ and swindende acoliaþ. a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 57 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 163 Vre swinc and ure tilþe is ofte iwoned to swinden. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 7 Þus me pileþ þe pore, þat is of lute pris, nede in swot & in swynk swynde mot swo. c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 135 Heil lenere and louere of largenesse, Swete and swettest þat neuer may swynde. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) l. 342 (MED) Sodenly his swete chere swyndid and faylide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.OE
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