sustainern.
/səˈsteɪnə/, U.S. /səˈsteɪnər/ I. In senses of sustain v. I.
1. † d. Military. In plural = support n. 6b. Obsolete. rare.
a. A person, thing, or circumstance that helps maintain or promote a condition or state of affairs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > maintaining state or condition > [noun] > means of
sustainera1325
maintenance1570
holding operation1962
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation in being or maintenance > that which
foodOE
breadc1175
sustainera1325
sustenance?a1430
maintainer1551
sustain1567
aliment?1608
alimony1626
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxvii. 87 Hose wole plainen him of conspirators, of sustenors of false plaintes, of meintenours for te habbe part þerof, ant of controuurs, bargainours, þat a ben bifore þe kinge to ansuuerien to þe plaintours þoru þis writ.
?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle l. 284 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 64/1 Fals fauel, soustenour of vice.
a1500 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 112/2 Þat na chansler chawmerlane..na othir bailȝeis, clerkis [etc.]..sal be sustenaris na manteinaris of mutis or of querellys in þe kyngis court.
1569 E. Elviden Closet of Counsells f. 53v A tonge the whiche of wickednes doth babble out his fill: Is a sustayner of the lust, and norisher of will.
1600 W. Vaughan Golden-groue i. xxx. sig. G4 Temperance alone is the sustayner of ciuill quietnesse.
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron iii. i. 155 When I appear'd from battle, the whole sphere And full sustainer of the state we bear.
a1786 J. Jebb Wks. (1787) II. 80 We would raise our hearts to the first and best of beings, the sustainer of our bliss, the source and fountain of our joy.
1819 P. B. Shelley Rosalind & Helen 20 The very hope of death's dear rest; Which, since the heart within my breast Of natural life was dispossest, It's strange sustainer there had been.
1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Godolphin I. ix. 72 It is not always a sustainer of the stage delusion to have an actress for a mistress.
1911 Forum May 513 Work is the sustainer of hope.
2003 M. Rajawat Kashmir v. 109 Self-delusion as a sustainer of hope serves a purpose.
b. A person who keeps others in a state of good health or well-being, or in good spirits; one who supports, encourages, or strengthens the spirits or resolution of another; (in later use) spec. God, as the support and guide of the believer. Also occasionally: a person who preserves an object in good condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > [noun] > that which or one who supports
crutchc900
upholda1066
uptakinga1300
arma1382
postc1387
staff1390
sustainerc1390
undersetterc1400
potent?a1439
buttressa1450
supportalc1450
comfort1455
supporta1456
studa1500
poge1525
underpropper1532
shore1534
staya1542
prop1562
stoopa1572
underprop1579
sustentation1585
rest1590
underpinning1590
supportance1597
sustinent1603
lean1610
reliance1613
hingea1616
columna1620
spar1630
gable end1788
lifeboat1832
standback1915
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > according to other attributes
horn of salvation (health)c825
fatherOE
Our FatherOE
leecha1200
searcher of (men's) heartsa1382
untempter1382
headstone of the cornerc1400
Valentinec1450
illuminator1485
sun?1521
righteous maker1535
shepherd1535
verity1535
strengthener1567
gracer1592
heart-searcher1618
heartbreaker1642
sustainera1680
philanthropist1730
the invisible1781
praise1782
All-Father1814
wisdom1855
omniscient1856
engracer1866
inbreather1873
God of the gaps1933
the great —— in the sky1968
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 137 Heil susteynour of Seyntuarie.
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung ‘Usages of Winchester’ (1914) 46 Principal sosteynere of þe fraunchyse.
1429–30 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1429 §62. m. 2 Þe seid inhabitauntz ben susteners and supportours of alle hem þat done contrarie to þe..gode governance made in þe saide staple.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 2856 (MED) Honour, long lyfe..Mot haue oure sustenour, our prince & kyng!
c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 51 (MED) Þe senatoures..raþer schulde haue ben þy sustenoures.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 285 (MED) Of ryouters..Of peace breakers and all the susteynours That were with theim of preuy assocyates..all that were then founde culpable, Emprysoned were.
?1624 G. Chapman tr. Crowne Homers Wks. 151 Of Heauens golden Rodd The sole Sustainer.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 210 By sustainers, are meant such as entertain the Thief at bed and board.
a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 709 God is the Lord of all, as he is the sustainer of all by his power.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xiv. 288 When they shall have a Sensation, that He is the Sustainer of their Being, that they exist in him.
a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 861/1 Almighty Creator and Sustainer of all things.
1866 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Exodus xxii. 22 The decease of the father leaves both the widow and the child without their natural protector and sustainer.
1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos 161 Let us not dethrone and undeify the great Maker and Sustainer.
1964 F. Baldanza Ivy Compton-Burnett ii. 55 Patmore, the more than motherly sustainer of the Stace children.
2005 N. Douglas-Klotz Sufi Bk. of Life lviii We were asked, individually and collectively, ‘Am I not your sustainer, and the sustainer of all beings?’
c. A person who supports or upholds a cause, idea, argument, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > specifically of a cause, principle, or practice
sustainer?a1439
patron1466
favourer1542
urger1574
patriot1631
espouser1645
advocater1647
voucher1677
protagonist1880
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 4663 (MED) This Epamynoda, of knihthod sustenour, Charboncle of vertu, [etc.].
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 136 (MED) Ellis þe seid susteyners of moyses tablis..mowe not holde þat fals swering is forboden.
1558 (a1437) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 811 (MED) Good Godfray of Bolyoune, Of knyghthod clepyd susteynoure.
a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 457 This conclusioun..I heard sustenit and concludit..in ane moist notabill auditour..The sustenar wes..Thomas de Finola.
1612 I. M. tr. Most Famous Hist. Meruine 256 I could perswade them to renounce their opinions, and become obedient sustainers of our Lawe.
1728 F. Hutcheson Ess. Passions i. i. 14 The Defences and Schemes commonly offered, can scarce free the Sustainers of this Cause from manifest Absurdity and Affectation.
1845 Addr. Rhode Island State Temperance Soc. 1844 11 Our friends and supporters, these inland sustainers of the cause.
1893 E. L. Gilmore Christ Church 94 Dr. Clap was from the first an active member, and in his Church were found..able sustainers of the cause.
1909 Q. Rev. Apr. 657 The aim of our politics can be no other than that the Bohemian people should again become the sustainers of the idea of the State.
2006 S. Pavone in Jesuits II iv. 58 Among the most implacable sustainers of the theory of global Jesuit conspiracy are such people as the bishop of Puebla.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > reinforcements
succour?c1225
over-numbera1450
supplies1488
supplement1548
re-enforce1618
recrew1619
recruit1635
reinforcement1641
enforcement1643
reinforce1648
sustainer1708
re-enforcement1718
supporter1796
stiffening1900
1708 London Gaz. No. 4468/2 [They] had for the Attack on the Right 800 Grenadiers,..and for the Left 1600 Grenadiers, with the like number of Sustainers.
2.
a. An object which holds another in place; a supporting structure; (in early use) esp. a supporting or weight-bearing part of the body. Now rare except as in sense 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports
staffc1000
hold1042
source1359
legc1380
shorer1393
stabilimenta1398
upholder1398
sustentationa1400
undersetterc1400
bearinga1425
undersettinga1425
suppowellc1430
triclinec1440
sustentaclec1451
supportera1475
sustainerc1475
sustenal1483
stayc1515
buttress1535
underpinning1538
firmament1554
countenance1565
support1570
appuia1573
comfort1577
hypostasis1577
underpropping1586
porter1591
supportation1593
supportance1597
understaya1603
bearer1607
rest1609
upsetter1628
mountinga1630
sustent1664
underlay1683
holdfast1706
abutment1727
suppeditor1728
mount1739
monture1746
bed1793
appoggiatura1833
bracing1849
bench1850
under-pinner1859
bolster-piece1860
sustainer1873
table mount1923
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 30v (MED) Þe hool boon schulde be a susteynour of þe broken.
c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 165 The laste parties of the bodye..be the sustenours and ber the charge of all the surplus of the said bodye.
1663 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xxii. 56 They have on each side one Muscle..called Cremasteres or Suspensores, hangers or sustainers, for they hold up the Stones.
1675 J. Howe Living Temple 67 The back Bone is composed of so many joynts (twenty four, besides those of that which is the basis and sustainer of the whole).
1706 tr. L. Verduc Manner curing Fractures xlix. 186 in tr. A. Belloste Hosp. Surgeon (ed. 2) The Bone that sustains the great Toe, may be dislocated..and the Sustainer of the little Toe is expos'd to the same hazard.
1765 A. Wilson Short Remarks Autumnal Disorders Bowels 56 They reciprocally act as the supporters of each other: the bones being the passive sustainers of the whole frame.
1816 New Monthly Mag. Apr. 223/1 Gravity..is never found steady to any defined law; but when a body is at rest on some base, pendant from some sustainer, or falling perpendicularly to some point of the earth below it.
1893 Westm. Gaz. 25 Apr. 7/3 The weight of the carriage was 60lb., of the engine 200lb., and of the grating of sustainers 70lb.
b. Candle-making. A device, typically a small metal disc, used to maintain the wick of a candle, esp. a night light, in an upright position when the wax is liquid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports
staffc1000
hold1042
source1359
legc1380
shorer1393
stabilimenta1398
upholder1398
sustentationa1400
undersetterc1400
bearinga1425
undersettinga1425
suppowellc1430
triclinec1440
sustentaclec1451
supportera1475
sustainerc1475
sustenal1483
stayc1515
buttress1535
underpinning1538
firmament1554
countenance1565
support1570
appuia1573
comfort1577
hypostasis1577
underpropping1586
porter1591
supportation1593
supportance1597
understaya1603
bearer1607
rest1609
upsetter1628
mountinga1630
sustent1664
underlay1683
holdfast1706
abutment1727
suppeditor1728
mount1739
monture1746
bed1793
appoggiatura1833
bracing1849
bench1850
under-pinner1859
bolster-piece1860
sustainer1873
table mount1923
1873 Patent No. 13,795 in Patents for Inventions: Abridgem. Specif. Oils, Fats, Lubricants, Candles, & Soap (ed. 2) 218 There is a wick sustainer.
1892 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 9 711 In one case a wick and metal sustainer has to be first placed; the material is then poured in; this is done with a dexterity that is remarkable.
1940 School Sci. Rev. 22 139 The wick..is anchored to the bottom of the cup by means of sealing-wax, and a metal sustainer is placed between the nightlight mortar and the cup.
1999 S. Lea Encycl. Candle Making Techniques 26 Place the sustainer and wick centrally in the container.
3.
a. A structure or apparatus allowing flight to be sustained; (Aeronautics) a structure forming a lifting surface of an aircraft; = aeroplane n. 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > plane or aerofoil
sail1808
plane1809
deck1843
surface1843
aeroplane1866
aerocurve1894
airplane1896
aerofoil1907
sustainer1908
airfoil1922
1867 Jrnl. Med. Sci., Lit., & Crit. 30 Mar. 349/2 This machine should be constructed..so as to act mechanically as the sustainers and gliders of the wings of sailing and gliding birds.
1895 Trans. Liverpool Engin. Soc. 16 12 The sustainer, which has the appearance of a large Venetian blind, consists of wooden blades, each 19 feet long, in a steel frame, giving a total area of 140 square feet.
1908 Aëronaut. Jrnl. July 56/2 The sustainer was fixed to the car by wire guys, care being taken to have the frame truly vertical.
1911 R. M. Pierce Dict. Aviation 113 Glider.., an appendage or structure which enables an insect to glide thru the air: as, elytra used as sustainers and gliders in flight.
1969 K. Munson Pioneer Aircraft 1903–14 154/1 A rectangular frame with..fifty of Phillips' aerofoil ‘sustainers’ mounted horizontally.
b. Astronautics. An auxiliary engine that sustains the movement of a rocket or missile after the boosters have burnt out; the stage that contains such an engine.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > rocket > [noun] > types of rocket engine
retro-rocket1951
sustainer1951
vernier1958
retro-engine1960
posigrade rocket1961
retro1961
thruster1962
strap-on1966
1951 F. Gaynor New Mil. & Naval Dict. 247 Sustainer, a propulsion system which travels with, and does not separate from, the missile.
1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 138 At lift-off, all three of the Atlas's engines would be operating—the sustainer engine and the two outboard engines.
1996 Jane's Def. Weekly 7 Feb. 28/2 Designated the AS-17 ‘Krypton’ by NATO, the Kh-31 uses a rocket engine followed by a ramjet sustainer.
2009 B. Evans Escaping Bonds Earth 158 Five minutes into the flight, the Atlas' sustainer shut down and Sigma 7 cleanly separated from the rocket.
4. A person who sustains or suffers an injury, or endures an affliction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] > sufferer
patientc1400
feeler1435
suffererc1450
sustainer1533
endurera1599
1533–4 in J. M. Webster & A. A. M. Duncan Regality of Dunfermline Court Bk. (1953) 106 Gif ony of thaim dois in the contray it sall be lesum to the sustenar of the skatht heyr of the first falt forgevyng.
1574 T. Tymme tr. J. de Serres Three Partes Comm. Ciuill Warres Fraunce 150 The singuler loue & care that I haue for the Kinges maiestie and dignitie, wyll not suffer me, not to accounte my selfe a partaker and sustainer of that wound.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 524 Thy selfe, hast a sustainer bene Of much affliction in my cause.
1640 A. Stafford Honour & Vertue 51 The griefe of the sustainer is doubled by the indignity of the Afflictor.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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