单词 | contingency |
释义 | contingencyn. I. Senses relating to touching or affinity. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [noun] > contiguity toucha1398 contingence1561 concourse1570 admotion1603 collaterage1610 contact1626 contaction1628 contiguousness1639 contingencya1646 contiguity1648 concurrence1656 osculation1669 abuttal1797 tangency1813 touching1842 a1646 J. Gregory Posthuma (1649) 39 When the Sun shall com to L, the Point of Contingencie..then the shadow of the Style shall cut the Horizon in M. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. vi. 119 Though they [two spheres] were contiguous only in the point of contingency. 2. Close connection or affinity of nature; close relationship.In Scots Law, connection between two or more processes, such that the circumstances of one are likely to throw light on the others, in which case that first enrolled is considered as the leading process, to which the others may be remitted ob contingentiam. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > affinity or closeness cousinagea1398 alliancea1475 affinityc1485 propinquitya1500 societya1513 kindred1528 cognationa1555 affinitive1579 sympathya1586 vicinity1594 affiance1597 contingence1612 contingency1612 congeniality1620 umbilicality1646 consanguinity1651 congeneracy1664 gossipred1674 congenerousness1677 closeness1692 intimacy1720 proximity1762 liaison1809 cousinship1848 affiliation1870 kinship1876 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > specific qualities of suit or action maintainableness1727 contingency1861 duplicitousness1951 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 73 As well from identitie of countryship..as from contingencie of blood twixt the Engle-Saxon Kings, & the Norman Dukes. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) 224 If cases having a contingency are enrolled the same week, that enrolled before the senior Lord Ordinary is deemed the leading process. 1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. 100 §74 If..the said Lord Ordinary..shall be of opinion that there is contingency between the said processes. II. Senses relating to occurrence. 3. The quality or condition of being contingent. a. The condition of being liable to happen or not in the future; uncertainty of occurrence or incidence. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > unreliability > [noun] > unpredictability casualty1503 contingency1635 accidentalness1648 accidentality1651 uncalculableness1831 incalculableness1864 incalculability1873 unpredictability1878 flukiness1888 impredicability1906 1635 Wentworth in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. ii. 276 III. 283 Things in contingencye are never more then probable. 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 2) i. iii. 9 Considering the..contingencie in their events. 1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VIII. xix. 83 'Twas a matter of contingency, which might happen, or not. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 217 Where an estate in remainder is limited in terms of contingency, on the happening of certain events. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. xiii. 325 The contingency of the results is so great, that definite relations of antecedents and consequents cannot be established. b. The befalling or occurrence of anything without preordination; chance; fortuitousness. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] i-wonc1275 casec1300 adventurec1325 hap1340 accidencea1393 casualty1423 chefe1440 fortunityc1470 enchance?a1475 accidentc1485 chance1526 contingencec1530 lottery1570 casuality1574 chanceableness1581 contingency1623 fortuitiona1641 fortuitness1643 accidentalness1648 accidentality1651 fortuitousness1652 causelessnessa1660 temerity1678 fortuitya1747 spontaneity1751 felicity1809 accidentiality1814 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Contingency, chance. 1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule i. ii. 256 Our Prophet..leaves our Empire to be steer'd at random By blind Contingency. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. iii. 45 This Contingency, this efficient Nothing, this effectual No-Cause. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab vi. 81 All seems unlinked contingency and chance. c. The condition of being free from predetermining necessity in regard to existence or action; hence, the being open to the play of chance, or of free will. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [noun] freedomeOE free will1340 arbitryc1374 advisementa1398 freedom of will?c1400 liberty?c1400 wilfulnessc1460 liberal arbitre?1483 contingencec1530 indifferencya1555 contingency1561 freedom of thought1591 self-willingness1591 volunt1611 voluntariness1643 uncommandedness1646 autexousy1678 volency1686 inconditionality1696 unconditionalitya1714 indifference1728 volition1738 vacancy1754 voluntarity1794 autonomy1803 unconditionalness1843 unconditionedness1854 1561 Sc. Confession of Faith iii Nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 3 There can be no Contingency in their Actions, because all Volitions are determined by a Necessary antecedent Understanding. 1687 H. More App. to Antidote (1712) vi. 193 The Idea..intimates nothing either of the Necessity or Contingency of the Existence of the Substance of this Being. 1796 Bp. R. Watson Apol. for Bible x. 368 If his omniscience enables him to know them, what think you of the Contingency of human actions? 1847 W. Hamilton in T. Reid Wks. 977/1 Others admitted absolute necessity—no contingency—no liberty. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. xvi. 587 Beneath the play of contingency in the phenomenal world, there is an absolutely necessary Being in the intelligible world. d. The quality or condition of being subject to chance and change, or of being at the mercy of accidents. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun] unstablenessc1340 varyingc1380 uncertaintyc1384 brotelnessc1386 were1390 instabilityc1422 bricklenessa1425 changeability?a1425 changeableness1447 vertibility1447 mutability?a1475 variableness?a1475 inconstance1509 mutationa1542 fickleness1548 variety1548 unconstancy1563 mobility1567 unstability1572 vicissitude1576 variousness1607 inconstancy1613 slipperinessa1618 alterableness1633 versatilousness1640 bottomlessness1642 lability1651 brittlety1652 versatileness1654 fluctuancy1659 fugitivenessa1661 alterability1661 permutability1662 unfixedness1668 mutablenessa1677 flittingnessa1680 frailness1687 flittiness1692 versability1721 plasticity1727 variability1771 unestablishment1776 fluctuabilitya1786 changefulness1791 unsettledness1799 versatility1802 harlequinism1808 fluidity1824 fitfulness1825 sensitiveness1825 insubstantiality1848 contingency1858 rootlessness1859 shiftingness1866 ficklety1888 variancy1888 impredicability1906 proteanism1909 1858 R. W. Emerson Persian Poetry in Wks. (1906) III. 238 [In the desert] life hangs on the contingency of a skin of water. 1861 E. Garbett Boyle Lect. 13 The contents of the Scriptures do not depend for their existence, or their obligation, on the contingency of human belief. 4. a. A chance occurrence; an event the occurrence of which could not have been, or was not, foreseen; an accident, a casualty. future contingency n. a thing that may or may not happen. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > chance or fortuitous event adventure?c1225 hapc1275 chancea1300 fortunea1375 accidenta1398 casualtya1513 to-fall1562 withfall1562 casual1566 casuality1574 stour1583 upcasta1616 contingency1620 haphazard1651 contingence1660 unaccountable1789 happen-so1816 happenchance1847 happenstance1857 1620 J. Melton Astrologaster 53 Drawing from the starres the euents of future contingencies. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1953) I. 191 Expos'd to the disposition of the tyde, to the rage of the winde, to the wantonness of the Eddy, and to innumerable contingencies. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 11 He [sc. King James] knew not how to wrestle with desperate Contingencies. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xvii. 282 Life and all the contingencies of life are subjected to the dominion of Providence. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 76 The second time we had been left together by a parcel of nonsensical contingencies. 1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iii. ii. 52 Are we the fools of such contingencies? b. A conjuncture of events occurring without design; a juncture. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > juncture or critical point timeeOE point?c1225 state of time (also times)1534 pass1560 conjuncture1619 juncture1656 hinge1775 cross-road1795 contingency1803 1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 367 One such contingency indeed certainly happened at Devizes some thirty years ago. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 126 Advantage might be taken of some political contingency for a private arrangement. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. i. 20 He was far superior to the States at this contingency. 5. a. An event conceived or contemplated as of possible occurrence in the future. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [noun] > occurrence or event > possible contingencya1626 eventuality1650 contingent1655 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [noun] > a possible thing or circumstance possibilityc1460 perhapsa1535 potential1587 potentiality1587 maybe1598 contingencya1626 contingent1655 conceivable1659 possiblea1674 conceptiblea1676 cogitable1678 chance1778 it's an idea1841 may1849 might1850 thought1857 possibly1881 shot1923 a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 79 If the first parties have put it in the power of a third person, or of a contingency, to give a perfection to their acts. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 239 To weigh the Contingencies of Life, and Possibilities of Good or Evil that may concern them. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 135 The express contingency had arisen which was contemplated in the constitution of the canon law. 1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) ii. 51 Poludamas, speaking of the possible destruction of the Greek army in Troas, thus describes that contingency. b. A possible or uncertain event on which other things depend or are conditional; a condition that may be present or absent. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [noun] > event on which others depend contingency1646 1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 161 They [worldly hopes] are built upon uncertainties and contingencies. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * The Compleat Finishing and Publication of them, will..depend upon many Contingencies. 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 454 Where the devisor..gives a future estate, to arise either upon a contingency, or at a period certain. 6. A thing or condition of things contingent or dependent upon an uncertain event. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > dependence > a thing depending on something else by-dependencya1616 conditionate1678 contingency1818 contingenta1848 the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > a condition or stipulation mannerc1400 covenantc1440 conditionala1533 authorament1607 requisition1620 postulatum1639 thingum1649 qualification1660 ultimatum1733 requirement1737 term1746 stipulation1750 contingency1818 precondition1825 chapter1864 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. v. 473 All the princes of Hesse or Saxony had reciprocal contingencies of succession, or what our lawyers call cross-remainders, to each other's dominions. 1861 A. Trollope Orley Farm (1862) I. ii. 11 They had received their fortunes, with some settled contingencies to be forthcoming on their father's demise. 7. A thing incident to something else; an uncertain incident; an incidental expense, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > non-essentialness > incident incident1412 incidence1423 intercurrent1603 contingencya1626 a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 40 Any accessory before the fact is subiect to all the contingencies pregnant of the fact, if they bee pursuances of the same fact. 1663 S. Pepys Diary 3 Apr. (1971) IV. 94 The charge of this year's work of the Molle will be 13000l—besides..the fortificacions and contingencys—which puts us to a great stand. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 11 Apr. (1974) VIII. 163 Despatched the business of Balty's 1500l he received for the contingencies of the fleet. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 2 All the effects of strangers..dying in France are seized by virtue of this law..the profit of these contingencies being farm'd, there is no redress. 1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 15 Feb. 204 All the other various and ever-varying contingencies of marriage, number of children, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > an allotted share, portion, or part > [noun] dealc825 lotOE dolea1225 partc1300 portion?1316 sort1382 parcelc1400 skiftc1400 pane1440 partagec1450 shift1461 skair1511 allotment1528 snapshare1538 share1539 slice1548 fee1573 snap1575 moiety1597 snatch1601 allotterya1616 proportiona1616 symbol1627 dealth1637 quantum1649 cavelc1650 snip1655 sortition1671 snack1683 quota1688 contingency1723 snick1723 contingent1728 whack1785 divvy1872 end1903 bite1925 1723 London Gaz. No. 6130/2 Not having paid a Penny of the several Contingencies they are obliged to. Compounds C1. attributive (occasionally in plural). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > unreliability > [adjective] > unpredictable contingentc1400 casualc1460 whimsical1654 precarious1687 ambiguous1759 incalculable1796 uncalculable1848 chancy1860 impredicable1864 fluky1880 aleatoric1921 contingency1931 iffy1937 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > possibility > [adjective] > of possible occurrence contingentc1400 conceivablec1443 possible1582 conceptible1641 inventible1641 entertainable1658 earthly1679 possible1780 contingency1931 1931 Economist 10 Jan. 80/2 The sum of £30,000 is placed to contingency reserve. 1963 Punch 3 Apr. 471/2 A regular system of contingency planning. 1963 Punch 3 Apr. 471/2 The Cabinet failed to instruct our defence planners to prepare a contingency plan for the cancellation of Skybolt. 1969 New Scientist 17 July 116/2 Armstrong will..scoop up a ‘contingency sample’ of the lunar material. 1970 ‘D. Craig’ Young Men may Die xxvi. 190 They had their contingency plans nicely polished and when it didn't work either way they were nowhere. C2. contingency fund n. one set aside for conditional or incidental expenses. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose > for emergencies contingency fund1901 mad money1922 1901 Guinness Trust (Fulham) 10 The ‘nett income’..is exclusive of £17,361 6s. 6d. placed to the credit of ‘depreciation and contingency fund’ during the same period. 1924 Act. 14 & 15 Geo. V c. 38 §67 A corresponding increase in the amounts to be carried to the Contingencies Fund. 1934 T. S. Eliot Rock i. 23 If they haven't any contingency fund to draw on, that's their look~out. Draft additions March 2006 contingency fee n. Law (originally and chiefly U.S.) a sum of money paid to a lawyer only if a case is won, esp. one determined as a percentage of compensation received; cf. contingent fee n. (b) at contingent adj. and n. Additions. ΚΠ 1905 Chicago Tribune 17 Oct. 4/3 The policy holders' legal advisers were actuated by the promise of a contingency fee if they won the decision in the case. 1948 Michigan Law Rev. 46 401 The attorney was to receive a 40 percent contingency fee. 2002 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 21 Oct. a11 Contingency fees would be a good way to allow Canadians who are struggling financially to access justice through lawsuits. Draft additions June 2015 contingency table n. Statistics a table of data in which the rows correspond to one variable and the columns to another, allowing for any correlation between the two to be studied.For example, in order to study a hypothesized correlation between eye colour and gender, a contingency table in which the columns correspond to gender and the rows to eye colour could be drawn up, each cell containing the frequency with which a particular combination occurs in a given sample. ΚΠ 1904 Biometrika 3 260 A 36-fold contingency table gives results in sensible agreement with those to be found from the old fourfold division method. 1955 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 63 444/1 As tested with a contingency table.., the two distributions are overwhelmingly different. 2012 P. G. Nestor & R. K. Schutt Res. Methods Psychol. x. 342 A contingency table presents frequencies or percentages for the dependent variable for all levels of an independent variable. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1561 |
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