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单词 supernatural
释义

supernaturaladj.n.

Brit. /ˌsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəl/, /ˌsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəl/, /ˌsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩/, /ˌsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rəl/
Forms: late Middle English supernaturel, late Middle English– supernatural, 1500s–1700s supernaturall.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French supernaturel; Latin supernaturalis.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French supernaturel (a1374; French supernaturel ; now less common than surnaturel (1552)), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin supernaturalis (6th cent.) < classical Latin super- super- prefix + nātūrālis natural adj., originally after ancient Greek ὑπερϕυής. Compare Spanish sobrenatural (15th cent.), Portuguese sobrenatural (14th cent.), Italian soprannaturale, sovrannaturale (a1406).
A. adj.
1.
a. Belonging to a realm or system that transcends nature, as that of divine, magical, or ghostly beings; attributed to or thought to reveal some force beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature; occult, paranormal.Originally in Christian contexts with reference to the divine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > [adjective]
supernatural?a1425
transnatural1569
metaphysical1590
hyperphysical1600
superphysicala1603
metaphysica1631
ineffectible1659
preternatural1696
supranatural1740
transcendental1826
transmundane1859
transmaterial1903
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 310 Þei haue not þanne þe supernaturel lyȝt ne þe liȝt of kunnynge, bycause þei vndirstoden it not.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 132 Þe seid meenys bi whiche we schulde deserve and wynne and purchace oure seid fynal perfeccioun and souereyn supernatural good ben oure owne werkis freely willid and chosen.
a1555 J. Bradford in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1570) III. 1822 If a woman that is natural, can not finally forget the child of her wombe,..God which is a father supernaturall,..wyll not forget you.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. ii. f. 73 Of nature is giltinesse, and sanctification is of supernaturall grace.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iii. 3 They say miracles are past, and we haue our Philosophicall persons, to make moderne and familiar things supernaturall and causelesse. View more context for this quotation
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. xi. 44 Thus hath he also made the ignorant sort beleeve that naturall effects..proceed from supernaturall powers. View more context for this quotation
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. §7 412 Inspiration..termed supernatural properly, in Contradistinction to all Knowledge resulting from the common Laws of Nature.
1772 J. Priestley Inst. Relig. (1782) I. 319 Testimony..declared in supernatural voices from heaven.
1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism I. i. 77 The pestilences which desolated nations were deemed supernatural.
1866 H. P. Liddon Bampton Lect. (1875) vi. 296 Christianity is a supernatural religion.
1907 J. R. Illingworth Doctr. Trinity ii. 39 When the Word was made Flesh, a supernatural Being entered what we call the order of nature.
1932 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 18/1 Up from the floor, as if wafted by supernatural forces, rose a heavy chair.
1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 5 There is nothing spooky or supernatural about flying in space.
2009 Sci. News 21 June 12/1 An ancient skull carved out of crystal that contains supernatural powers.
b. Relating to, dealing with, or characterized by such a realm, system, or force.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > [adjective] > relating to
supernatural1534
1534 T. Paynell tr. Moche Profitable Treat. against Pestilence sig. A.v The supernatural phisition, spekyng by the mouth of Iheremie, that if a man wyll be surely cured, and haue a sure medecine, he muste leaue his synnes.
c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems in Times' Whistle (1871) 148 As well in naturall philosophy As supernaturall theologie.
1650 W. Davenant Disc. upon Gondibert 10 The elder Poets (which were then the sacred Priests) fed the World with supernaturall Tales.
1732 London Mag. Sept. 321/1 Miscellanies on supernatural Subjects.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xv. 478 Their admission of supernatural truths, is much less an active consent than a cold and passive acquiescence.
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen Pref. p. ix Lady Hester Stanhope's conversation on supernatural topics.
1879 A. H. Edgren tr. V. Rydberg Magic Middle Ages iv. 181 Supernatural ideas in cosmic philosophy will destroy reason, morality, human feeling.
1953 L. S. de Camp in R. Bretnor Mod. Sci. Fiction 121 Imaginative fiction can in turn be subdivided into ‘fantasy’, comprising stories based upon supernatural assumptions.
1978 Daily Tel. 19 Jan. 12/6 The sort of supernatural pseudery that has enthralled the credulous since the beginning of time.
2000 Weekly World News 3 Oct. 12/2 Amber Valletta was pretty good in the spooky, supernatural thriller What Lies Beneath.
2. More than what is natural or ordinary; unnaturally or extraordinarily great; abnormal, extraordinary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > very great > and remarkable
outnumenc1225
whata1325
outnemea1400
excessive1477
superiora1500
supernatural?1537
supereminent?1563
extraordinary1572
no mean ——1580
metaphysical1589
superhumana1629
uncommon1700
unco1724
some1808
hellacious1847
helluva1905
(a) hang of a1941
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > abnormal or unnatural > beyond what is natural
supernatural?1537
preternatural1580
anti-naturala1603
contranatural1633
counternatural1666
denaturalized1800
?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. i. f. 16 Unnaturall or supernaturall heate distroyeth appetite.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. G A precious supernaturall pandor, apparelled in all points like a gentleman.
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 27/1 Conserninge the supernaturall teeth, it is sometimes daungerous to drawe them.
1656 Duchess of Newcastle Natures Pictures 374 My Sister Pye, with whom I often lived when she was in London, and loved with a supernatural affection.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. xlvii. 479 Her Coming was esteemed very strange; having hitherto no Appearence, but a supernaturall Affection to see the Queen.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. vi. 192 He seemed suddenly animated with supernatural strength.
1814 J. West Alicia de Lacy IV. 249 A supernatural share of fortitude appeared communicated to this long-suffering lady.
1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist i. §1. 5 The figures of some of the heroes of the past..do assume supernatural dimensions, or at any rate look so colossal as to appear super-human.
1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence ii. xx. 193 They..displayed a supernatural acuteness in finding out when they were to pass through London.
2003 S. Alexie Ten Little Indians 202 Frank..had always been a truly supernatural baller, the kind of jumper and runner who ignored physics when he played.
3. Of, relating to, or dealing with metaphysics. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > [adjective]
metaphysicalc1454
metaphysic1528
supernatural1569
transcendental1835
1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. i. f. 4v The Supernaturall Philosophers vse the Coniectures of Naturall Philosophers.
1664 G. Havers tr. T. Renaudot et al. Gen. Coll. Disc. Virtuosi France lxxxviii. 514 They who soar'd to supernatural speculations, Metaphysitians, wherein Aristotle excell'd.
B. n.
1. In plural. Metaphysics; a treatise on this, esp. that written by Aristotle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > [noun]
metaphysica1387
theology1390
philosophy1531
ultramundane1549
metaphysicals1550
supernaturals1562
metaphysics1569
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Aristotelianism > writings or works of Aristotle
supernaturals1562
Priorums1574
posteriorums1593
organon1610
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > treatise or dissertation > [noun]
drawth1340
treatisea1375
commentc1400
treatc1400
treatyc1400
tract1432
tractate1474
disputationa1533
commentary1547
tractive1558
tractation1563
diatribe1581
examen1606
dispute1608
ergasy1637
hippiatrics1646
disquisition1647
dissertation1651
tractic1651
supernaturals1676
adenography1689
1562 W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes f. xliiiv, in Bulwarke of Defence Ladie Ignoraunce caused hym to muse, but not to searche the cause, as did the Philosophers, as Aristotle writeth, in his supernaturalles.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xx. 361 Aristotle in his Supernaturals rehearseth..a certeyne answere of Simonides..that it belongeth to none but onely God, to haue skill of the things that are aboue nature.
1676 tr. H. C. Agrippa Vanity Arts & Sci. i. 7 Therefore saith Theophrastus in his Book of Supernaturals.
2. With the. That which is supernatural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > [noun]
supernatural1604
supranature1616
supernature1658
preternatural1769
weirddom1863
supranatural1908
1604 H. Clapham Demaundes & Answeres touching Pestilence ii. sig. A4 Som thing in this plague be Supernaturall; and somwhat Naturall..; without which observation, one shal deliuer Quid for Quo, as haue done my Articlers; what is saide of the Supernaturall to vrge it as spoken of the Naturall.
a1631 J. Donne 50 Serm. (1649) xxxvi. 330 The exalting of our naturall faculties beare witnesse of the supernaturall.
1722 F. Brerewood tr. J. Terrasson Crit. Diss. Homer's Iliad I. iii. i. iii. §6. 230 The Supernatural and Miraculous, which still prevails and obtains throughout Operas.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xv. 504 Their love of the marvellous and supernatural, their curiosity with regard to future events..were the principal causes.
1852 Harper's Mag. May 839/2 Men whose credulity can not digest the supernatural of the Bible are most remarkably easy of belief in respect to spiritual rappings.
1867 H. Macmillan Bible Teachings (1870) p. vi The supernatural is not antagonistic to the constitution of nature, but is the eternal source of it.
1905 G. K. Chesterton Heretics 99 Take away the supernatural, and what remains is the unnatural.
1954 E. A. Nida Customs & Culture vi. 144 They are fearful of the supernatural and would like to master the techniques for controlling it.
2004 Screen Internat. 25 June 16/3 A grisly tale about a detective who discovers his partner is using the supernatural to take out the city's criminals.
3.
a. In plural. Supernatural things or occurrences; supernatural causes, effects, or agencies. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > [noun] > supernatural thing(s)
supernaturals1605
supernaturality1665
wishtnessc1800
supernaturalisms1829
preternaturalism1858
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 24 If a Wise-man..By th' onely power of Plants and Mineralls Can worke a thousand super-naturalls.
a1656 J. Hales Serm. at Eton (1673) iv. 57 Think we then to dive into supernaturals, and search out those causes which God hath locked up in his secret treasures?
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 223 The secret Conveyance of Infection..is more than sufficient to execute the Fierceness of divine Vengeance, without putting it upon Supernaturals and Miracle.
1782 M. Dawes Ess. Crimes & Punishments ii. iii. 172 Faith, in respect to supernaturals, like moderate scepticism in respect to physics, if equally limited, will lead to content and happiness.
1844 Boston Investigator 6 Nov. Reasoning from facts and experience, and discarding all assumed and unproven hypotheses about supernaturals and invisibles and infinities, pleased me best.
1891 But how if Gospels are Historic? 10 Neither..can it be said that anything in the primary nature of mind necessarily precludes belief in supernaturals.
1919 Philos. Rev. 28 298 The supernaturals and transcendentals which their reasonings produced were not valid implications of the data.
b. A supernatural being.Now frequently with reference to American Indian mythology.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun]
ghostOE
spiritc1350
minda1398
sprite?1440
intelligencea1456
esperite1477
intelligency1582
genio1590
geniusa1592
ethereal1610
spirituality1628
supernatural1660
jynx1662
duende1691
atua1769
nat1819
demon1822
Wandjina1938
1660 Eligie upon Death Henry Duke of Gloucester (single sheet) When oft we see the best of Nature falls, Unmourned for by Supernaturals.
1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 241 The Marchioness was no more than a Woman, neither did it appear that any Supernaturals offer'd to come to her Aid.
1729 S. Johnson (title) Hurlothrumbo; or, the super-natural.
1801 R. Southey Let. 19 Nov. in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 386 In Milton and in Klopstock..the supernaturals are the agents, the figures, not the wires.
1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada x. 153 This is too matter-of-fact country for such supernaturals to visit.
1886 C. Rogers Social Life Scotl. III. xxi. 338 There was a supernatural which had its home in hill centres... This was the ‘Urisk’.
1921 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 34 211 The clan, in its journey, encounters a supernatural, who affiliates himself with the travellers, thereby giving them his cult or ceremony.
1981 Times 9 Jan. 7/7 It sets the ballet in a world of ruritanian romance, except for the supernaturals, who wear sci-fi space underwear.
2002 Americas 59 179 From a Christian perspective, the Devil and preconquest deities and supernaturals were one and the same.

Derivatives

superˈnaturaldom n. the realm of supernatural things or beings.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1869 A. J. Evans Vashti vi. 79 The popular nerve, which closely connected the community with supernaturaldom, thrilled afresh.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.?a1425
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