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单词 blunder
释义

blundern.

Brit. /ˈblʌndə/, U.S. /ˈbləndər/
Forms: Middle English blondyre, Middle English blondre, blonder, blundur, 1500s blounder, Middle English– blunder.
Etymology: apparently < blunder v.: though extant instances of the noun are earlier.
1. Confusion, bewilderment, trouble, disturbance, clamour. Obsolete. (The early quotations are vague in sense: the latest shade off into 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun]
winOE
torpelness?c1225
disturbance1297
workc1325
disturblingc1330
farec1330
frapec1330
disturbing1340
troublingc1340
blunderc1375
unresta1382
hurling1387
perturbationc1400
turbationc1400
rumblec1405
roara1413
rumourc1425
sturblance1435
troublec1435
stroublance1439
hurlc1440
hurly-burlyc1440
ruffling1440
stourc1440
rumblingc1450
sturbancec1450
unquietness?c1450
conturbationc1470
ruption1483
stir1487
wanrufe?a1505
rangat?a1513
business1514
turmoil1526
blommera1529
blunderinga1529
disturbation1529
bruyllie1535
garboil1543
bruslery1546
agitation1547
frayment1549
turmoiling1550
whirl1552
confusion1555
troublesomeness1561
rule1567
rummage1575
rabble1579
tumult1580
hurlement1585
rabblement1590
disturb1595
welter1596
coil1599
hurly1600
hurry1600
commotion1616
remotion1622
obturbation1623
stirrance1623
tumultuation1631
commoving1647
roiling1647
spudder1650
suffle1650
dissettlement1654
perturbancy1654
fermentationa1661
dissettledness1664
ferment1672
roil1690
hurry-scurry1753
vortex1761
rumpus1768
widdle1789
gilravagea1796
potheration1797
moil1824
festerment1833
burly1835
fidge1886
static1923
comess1944
frammis1946
bassa-bassa1956
c1375 ? J. Barbour St. Theodera 542 Þat wald bring me in sik blondyre.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 18 Oft boþe blysse & blunder Ful skete hatȝ skyfted.
c1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 94 With his blure he bredis mekill blondre.
c1450 Poem against Friars in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 322 Amonges men of holy chirch, thai maken mochel blonder.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 42 I shall make þe still as stone, Begynnar of blunder!
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxxi. f. 270 Hoste that is out of araye and in a blounder scatered.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. xlii. 383 He heard a confused crie and blunder [L. clamorem] in the citie.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. xlii. 1124 The bruite was also blowne to Rome, and blunder there was of the death of Eumenes.
1774 O. Goldsmith Retaliation 21 Then, with chaos and blunders encircling my head, Let me ponder.
2. A gross mistake; an error due to stupidity or carelessness.The words of Talleyrand as to the murder of the Duc d'Enghien—‘ces paroles stoïquement politiques, “C'est plus qu'un crime, c'est une faute”’ (Lucien Bonaparte Mem. an. 1804 (1882) I. 432) have been englished, ‘It is worse than a crime, it is a blunder,’ and are often quoted or alluded to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > [noun] > serious error, blunder
blunder1706
blunderbuss1726
floor1841
bull1846
howler1872
atrocity1878
break1884
bloomer1889
boner1912
bish1937
black1939
blue1941
cock-up1946
piss-up1950
screw-up1950
blob1952
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Blunder, a mistake, fault, or oversight.
1711 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 209 The twenty pounds I lend you is not to be included; so make no blunder.
1726 D. Defoe Polit. Hist. Devil i. v. 70 Another Mistake, not to call it a Blunder.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 239 The numerous crimes and blunders of the last eighteen years.
a1862 H. T. Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 25 Ingratitude aggravated by cruelty must..be a blunder as well as a crime.
1865 Ld. Derby in Parl. 3 May If the Confederate authorities had directly or indirectly sanctioned this assassination..it would be on their part worse than a crime, it would be a blunder.
1729 Woolston Disc. Miracles 28 Now-a-days, dull and foolish and absurd stuff we call Bulls, Fatlings, and Blunders.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

blunderv.

Brit. /ˈblʌndə/, U.S. /ˈbləndər/
Forms: Middle English blondren, blundren, Middle English blundir, blundyr, Middle English–1500s blondre, blonder, blounder, blundre, 1600s– blunder.
Etymology: Middle English blondren ; of uncertain origin: a good deal depends upon whether the Middle English -on- here, as often (compare wonder , sunder ), stands merely graphically for -un- , or is etymological. In the latter case an explanation of blonder as a frequentative of blond , bland v.1, to mix, would well account for the transitive senses. The suggestion that it is a frequentative from Icelandic blonda to doze (Swedish blunda to shut the eyes), suits the intransitive senses, but is otherwise doubtful; compare however blund v. Perhaps there are really two distinct verbs, with their later senses affected by each other.
I. To confuse, confound.
1.
a. transitive. To mix up or mingle confusedly; to confuse, disturb; to make (water) turbid. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > confuse or disorder [verb (transitive)] > mix up in confusion
broil1401
blunderc1440
jumble1542
mingle1548
tumble1562
mumble1588
pell-mell1606
fubble1611
the world > matter > liquid > [verb (transitive)] > stir up or render turbid
stirc1000
blend1384
trouble1579
puddle1593
mud1594
muddy1617
drummle1635
blunder1655
muddy1669
muddle1676
inturbidate1684
to shake up1753
c1440 York Myst. xvi. 4 Blonderand þer blastis, to blaw when I bidde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 458/2 I blonder, Je perturbe..Who hat blondred these thynges on this facyon?
1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie To Innes of Court, sig. Av The whole..frame of this earth seemeth blundered and confounded with the innumerable Catalogues of Interpreters.
1655 R. Baker et al. tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 75 I blunder the water of all Rivers I cross.
b. To confound, distract (in understanding).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)]
bewhapec1320
mara1350
blunder?a1400
mada1425
to turn a person's brainc1440
astonish1530
maskc1540
dare1547
bemud1599
bedazea1605
dizzy1604
bemist1609
muddify1647
lose1649
bafflea1657
bewildera1680
bother?1718
bemuse1734
muddlea1748
flurrya1757
muzz1786
muzzle1796
flusker1841
haze1858
bemuddle1862
jitter1932
giggle-
?a1400 Morte Arth. 3976 ‘Blyve,’ sais thies bolde mene ‘Thow blondirs þi selfene.’
1740 Ditton On Resurrect. 63 (R.) So as by any means whatsoever to blunder an adversary.
c. To put out of order, derange, injure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]
mareOE
shendOE
hinderc1000
amarOE
awemc1275
noyc1300
touchc1300
bleche1340
blemisha1375
spill1377
misdoa1387
grieve1390
damagea1400
despoil?a1400
matea1400
snapea1400
mankc1400
overthrowa1425
tamec1430
undermine1430
blunder1440
depaira1460
adommage?1473
endamage1477
prejudicec1487
fulyie1488
martyra1500
dyscrase?1504
corrupt1526
mangle1534
danger1538
destroy1542
spoil1563
ruinate1564
ruin1567
wrake1570
injury1579
bane1587
massacre1589
ravish1594
wrong1595
rifle1604
tainta1616
mutilea1618
to do violence toa1625
flaw1665
stun1676
quail1682
maul1694
moil1698
damnify1712
margullie1721
maul1782
buga1790
mux1806
queer1818
batter1840
puckeroo1840
rim-rack1841
pretty1868
garbage1899
savage1899
to do in1905
strafe1915
mash1924
blow1943
nuke1967
mung1969
1440 J. Shirley Cron. Dethe James Stewarde (1818) 15 The lokes ver so blundrid, that thay nethir couth ne myght shut hit [a door].
2. To confound (in one's mind) stupidly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > indiscriminateness > fail to distinguish or confuse [verb (transitive)]
confound1581
muddy1604
blunder1676
blend1780
to mix upa1806
muddle1836
confuse1862
1676 E. Stillingfleet Def. Disc. Idolatry i. ii. 320 He blunders and confounds all these together.
1842 S. R. Maitland Remarks 9 That ingenious writer also blunders him with Arnold of Brescia.
II. To move, act, or perform, blindly or stupidly.
3.
a. intransitive. To move blindly or stupidly; to flounder, stumble. Often with on; also to blunder one's way along; and in senses partaking of 7, as to blunder into, blunder against.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > blindly or stupidly
blunderc1386
bumble1807
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 861 Bayard the blynde, That blundreth [v.r. blondreth] forth, and peril casteth noon.
1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. A.iijv Wandre bloundrynge as a blynde man.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite i, in Fables 17 The Sot..blunders on, and staggers ev'ry Pace.
1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide i. i. 8 To see them blund'ring by my Side.
1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. I. 79 We had blundered into the carriage-entrance.
1869 F. Parkman Discov. Great West v. 55 A large fish..blundered against Marquette's canoe.
1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xii. 175 They..blundered on hopelessly through the unknown..country.
1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan II. 143 The horses had to blunder their way along a bright, rushing river.
b. figurative. To flounder, stumble.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > do something unskilfully [verb (intransitive)] > blunder, stumble, or flounder
stumblec1394
bumble1533
blunder1641
flounder1684
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 38 Blundring upon the dangerous, and suspectfull translations of the Apostat Aquila.
1728 E. Young Love of Fame v, in Wks. (1757) I. 132 Puzzled learning blunders far behind.
1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 186 He, who now to sense, now nonsense leaning, Means not, but blunders round about a meaning.
1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xxvii. 14 He had somehow blundered into debt.
1871 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows 38 A tempest is blundering round the house.
c. to blunder upon: to come upon by a blunder or ‘fluke’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > find or discover by chance
find1340
to fall with ——?c1475
to fall on ——1533
stumble1555
to come on ——1584
to come upon ——1622
fortune1662
to blunder upon1710
to come across ——1738
1710 H. Bedford Vindic. Church of Eng. 78 Our Discoverer has..happen'd to blunder upon the truth.
1798 J. Wolcot Tales of Hoy in Wks. (1812) IV. 418 Who never so much as blundered on a bon-mot.
d. transitive. to blunder out: to produce by mere blundering or blind action.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > produce by blundering
to blunder out1678
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 679 The Things of the World..not..made by the Previous Counsel, Contrivance, and Intention of any Understanding Deity..Blunder'd out themselves, one after another, according to the Train or Sequel of the Fortuitous Motions of Matter.
4. intransitive. To deal blindly and stupidly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > do something unskilfully [verb (intransitive)] > act blindly and stupidly
blunderc1386
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 117 We blondren [v.r. blondern, bloundren, blundren, blundere] euere, and pouren in the fuyr.
1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy v. xli, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 157 These Phylosophers..Medlyth and blondryth wyth many a thyng.
5. transitive. To utter thoughtlessly, stupidly, or by a blunder, to blurt out. Usually with out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > without restraint, openly, or recklessly
clatterc1325
to say outc1384
parbreak1402
blunder1483
blab1535
overshoot1549
spita1616
spawn1631
1483 Cath. Angl. 35 To Blundir, [A. blundyr, blandior].
1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Scotl. (new ed.) 270/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The same began to be blundered from one to another of the traine.
1587 Censure loy. Subiect (Collier) 28 He blundered forth his prognostication.
1709 J. Swift Mrs. Harris's Petition in Baucis & Philemon (new ed.) 13 Before I was aware, out I blunder'd, Parson, said I.
1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote I. iv. iii. 216 Sancho blundered out, ‘Then, in good faith, Mr. Licentiate,’ [etc.].
6. reflexive (in sense of 3 or 7.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > err, blunder [verb (reflexive)]
overseec1400
overshoot1514
misreckon1530
blundera1652
a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) iii. 47 Herein all the Epicureans..doe miserably blunder themselves.
7.
a. intransitive. To make a stupid and gross mistake in doing anything. to blunder away (trans.): to throw away, lose by blundering: cf. to fool away at fool v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > blunder [verb (intransitive)]
shail1528
blunder1711
floor1835
to make a bloomer1889
pull1913
to drop a brick1916
boob1935
to put up a black1939
goof1941
to screw up1942
to drop a bollock1948
to drop a clanger1948
to cock up1974
the mind > possession > loss > lose [verb (transitive)] > in specific way
sleep1565
to blunder away1801
to bargain away1866
1711 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 101 See how I blundered, and left two lines short.
1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) I. ii. 36 The wretch that, after having seen the consequences of a thousand errors, continues still to blunder.
1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 12 588 Mr. Fox has never blundered away the interests of his country.
1856 Ld. Tennyson Charge Light Brigade (rev. ed.) ii, in Maud & Other Poems (new ed.) 162 The soldier knew Some one had blunder'd.
b. transitive. To bring or cause to fall into a state by clumsy or inept behaviour; to use blunderingly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > cause by clumsy behaviour
blunder1901
1901 Westm. Gaz. 27 June 4/3 They believe that Mr. Chamberlain has blundered the country into war.
1912 A. S. M. Hutchinson Happy Warrior v. x. § i. 347 He..hated to have blundered all his dullness on so rare and exquisite a thing.
8. transitive. To mismanage, make a blunder in.¶ Cockeram (1623) has ‘Blunder, to bestir ones selfe.’
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > bungle
botch1530
bungle1530
mumble1588
muddle1605
mash1642
bumble?1719
to fall through ——1726
fuck1776
blunder1805
to make a mull of1821
bitch1823
mess1823
to make a mess of1834
smudge1864
to muck up1875
boss1887
to make balls of1889
duff1890
foozle1892
bollocks1901
fluff1902
to make a muck of1903
bobble1908
to ball up1911
jazz1914
boob1915
to make a hash of1920
muff1922
flub1924
to make a hat of1925
to ass up1932
louse1934
screw1938
blow1943
to foul up1943
eff1945
balls1947
to make a hames of1947
to arse up1951
to fuck up1967
dork1969
sheg1981
bodge1984
1805 R. Wellesley et al. in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 789 They must have blundered that siege terribly.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vi. 126 The banker's clerk, who was directed to sum my cash-account, blundered it three times.
1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. xxvi. 391 Inscriptions blundered by the die engraver.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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