springaln.

Brit.

/ˈsprɪŋ(ɡ)l/, U.S.

/ˈsprɪŋ(ə)l/

Forms:

α. Middle English springol, Middle English spryngal, Middle English spryngall, Middle English spryngel, Middle English spryngell, Middle English sprynglas (plural), Middle English spryngol, Middle English spryngoll (plural), Middle English–1500s spryngalle, Middle English–1600s 1900s– springal, 1500s–1600s 1800s springall; N.E.D (1915) also records the forms Middle English springall, Middle English spryngelle.

β. Middle English springalt, Middle English springolt, Middle English sprygald, Middle English spryggalde, Middle English spryngald, Middle English spryngalde, Middle English spryngold, Middle English 1800s springold, Middle English–1500s 1800s springald.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French springal, espringal.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman springal, springald, springalde, variants of espringal espringal n. Compare post-classical Latin springala, springale, springallus (from 1295 in British sources) and springaldus, springaldum (from 1313 in British sources).Compare also ( < French) Middle Dutch springale (Dutch springaal ), Middle Low German springal , Middle High German springal . For possible earlier use in surnames (perhaps originally denoting a soldier operating such a machine) see discussion at springald n. Compare also the following earlier example, although it is unclear whether this shows the Anglo-Norman or the Older Scots word:1305–6 in J. Bain Cal. Documents Scotl. (1888) IV. App. 392 Unum springald cum balistis et quarellis.

Now somewhat rare (historical in later use).

A siege machine used for hurling stones and other heavy projectiles; a catapult; (also) a missile thrown by such a machine.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista

ballistaeOE

ginc1325

mangonelc1325

springalc1330

ballistc1384

scorpionc1384

tormentc1384

trebuchet1388

fowler1420

dondainec1430

onagera1460

perrier1481

trabuch?1482

bricole1489

coillard1489

mouton1489

sambuca1489

martinet1523

racket1535

sling1535

brake1552

catapult1577

sweep1598

sling-dart1600

petrary1610

espringal1614

scorpion-bowa1629

swafe1688

sackbut1756

mangona1773

matafunda1773

lombard1838

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > missile discharged from weapon > from ballista

springalc1330

pellet1372

gunc1385

α.

c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) l. 76 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 116 Þe folk of þe cite..vrn on hast to þe wal & schoten wiþ speres & wiþ springal.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3310 Summe springols stiþe bente & schute gleyues scherpe.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) 16 He smyteth as a stroke of a spryngell [c1425 Vesp. spryngol], for he hath gret strength in þe hed and in the Body.

a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 4346 The Sarezynes..schotte with arweblaste and spryngalles.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxliv. 172 This castell..was well fortyfied with springalles, bombardes, bowes, and other artillary.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 282 Euery ship wel furnished with Bombardes, Crosbowes, Archers, Springalles, and other artillary.

1688 J. Barnes Hist. Edward III iii. iv. 557 The Three Queens were extreamly affrighted at the Engines and Springalls, which..play'd upon the fortress continually.

1810 J. Porter Sc. Chiefs II. xii. 342 Wallace.., with his..springalls casting forth brazen-winged darts, swept away file after file of the reinforcement.

1976 R. Nye Falstaff ix. 38 My father brooded on the construction of military machines. Tormenta, catapults, perrieres, slings, biffae, springals.

2002 S. Rose Medieval Naval Warfare 1000–1500 iv. 63 The air thick with missiles of all kinds from the springals, crossbows and archers.

β. 1422 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 95 Being at the Siege of Harflewe, there smyten with a springolt through the hede.a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4191 And eke withynne the castell were Spryngoldes gunnes and bows archers.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 247 Spryngaldis and schotis..That till defend castell afferis, He purvait.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 281 This Castell..was well fortefied with Springaldes, Bombardes, Bowes, and other Artillery. 1892 H. D. Rawnsley Ballad of Cumberland p. v He mocked the Scottish ring.., With springald shot, and quarrel-showers, With stone and sling.1909 W. Deeping Red Saint xl. 340 The King's men who still held the castle, had thrown springalds of fire down upon the houses, setting the thatch ablaze.1993 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 57 258 Already by 1333, cannon had taken their place alongside catapults, springalds, and trebuchets as important siege engines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	springal
释义	springaln. Brit. /ˈsprɪŋ(ɡ)l/, U.S. /ˈsprɪŋ(ə)l/ Forms: α. Middle English springol, Middle English spryngal, Middle English spryngall, Middle English spryngel, Middle English spryngell, Middle English sprynglas (plural), Middle English spryngol, Middle English spryngoll (plural), Middle English–1500s spryngalle, Middle English–1600s 1900s– springal, 1500s–1600s 1800s springall; N.E.D (1915) also records the forms Middle English springall, Middle English spryngelle. β. Middle English springalt, Middle English springolt, Middle English sprygald, Middle English spryggalde, Middle English spryngald, Middle English spryngalde, Middle English spryngold, Middle English 1800s springold, Middle English–1500s 1800s springald. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French springal, espringal. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman springal, springald, springalde, variants of espringal espringal n. Compare post-classical Latin springala, springale, springallus (from 1295 in British sources) and springaldus, springaldum (from 1313 in British sources).Compare also ( < French) Middle Dutch springale (Dutch springaal ), Middle Low German springal , Middle High German springal . For possible earlier use in surnames (perhaps originally denoting a soldier operating such a machine) see discussion at springald n. Compare also the following earlier example, although it is unclear whether this shows the Anglo-Norman or the Older Scots word:1305–6 in J. Bain Cal. Documents Scotl. (1888) IV. App. 392 Unum springald cum balistis et quarellis. Now somewhat rare (historical in later use). A siege machine used for hurling stones and other heavy projectiles; a catapult; (also) a missile thrown by such a machine. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista ballistaeOE ginc1325 mangonelc1325 springalc1330 ballistc1384 scorpionc1384 tormentc1384 trebuchet1388 fowler1420 dondainec1430 onagera1460 perrier1481 trabuch?1482 bricole1489 coillard1489 mouton1489 sambuca1489 martinet1523 racket1535 sling1535 brake1552 catapult1577 sweep1598 sling-dart1600 petrary1610 espringal1614 scorpion-bowa1629 swafe1688 sackbut1756 mangona1773 matafunda1773 lombard1838 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > missile discharged from weapon > from ballista springalc1330 pellet1372 gunc1385 α. c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) l. 76 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 116 Þe folk of þe cite..vrn on hast to þe wal & schoten wiþ speres & wiþ springal. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3310 Summe springols stiþe bente & schute gleyues scherpe. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) 16 He smyteth as a stroke of a spryngell [c1425 Vesp. spryngol], for he hath gret strength in þe hed and in the Body. a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 4346 The Sarezynes..schotte with arweblaste and spryngalles. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxliv. 172 This castell..was well fortyfied with springalles, bombardes, bowes, and other artillary. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 282 Euery ship wel furnished with Bombardes, Crosbowes, Archers, Springalles, and other artillary. 1688 J. Barnes Hist. Edward III iii. iv. 557 The Three Queens were extreamly affrighted at the Engines and Springalls, which..play'd upon the fortress continually. 1810 J. Porter Sc. Chiefs II. xii. 342 Wallace.., with his..springalls casting forth brazen-winged darts, swept away file after file of the reinforcement. 1976 R. Nye Falstaff ix. 38 My father brooded on the construction of military machines. Tormenta, catapults, perrieres, slings, biffae, springals. 2002 S. Rose Medieval Naval Warfare 1000–1500 iv. 63 The air thick with missiles of all kinds from the springals, crossbows and archers. β. 1422 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 95 Being at the Siege of Harflewe, there smyten with a springolt through the hede.a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4191 And eke withynne the castell were Spryngoldes gunnes and bows archers.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 247 Spryngaldis and schotis..That till defend castell afferis, He purvait.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 281 This Castell..was well fortefied with Springaldes, Bombardes, Bowes, and other Artillery. 1892 H. D. Rawnsley Ballad of Cumberland p. v He mocked the Scottish ring.., With springald shot, and quarrel-showers, With stone and sling.1909 W. Deeping Red Saint xl. 340 The King's men who still held the castle, had thrown springalds of fire down upon the houses, setting the thatch ablaze.1993 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 57 258 Already by 1333, cannon had taken their place alongside catapults, springalds, and trebuchets as important siege engines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1330
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