sparlingn.

Brit.

/ˈspɑːlɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈspɑrlɪŋ/, Scottish English

/ˈsparlɪŋ/

Forms: α. Middle English–1500s sperlyng(e, sperlinge, Middle English–1500s, 1700s–1800s sperling. β. Middle English–1500s sparlynge, 1500s sparlyng, 1500s– sparling, 1600s sparlin.

Etymology: < Old French esperlinge (later esperlan , modern French éperlan ), of Germanic origin, = Middle Dutch and Middle Low German spirlinc , Low German and German spierling (also German and Dutch spiering ). Compare spirling n. and spurling n.¹

Now chiefly northern and Scottish.

a. The common European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus. (Used either as a generic or collective term, or of single fish.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > [noun] > family Osmeridae(smelts) > osmerus eperlanus (smelt)

smeltc725

sprotOE

sparling1307

spirlingc1425

spurlinga1471

prim1668

spirinchea1682

α.

1307 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 3 In..ccc sperlinges.

c1325 Metr. Hom. 136 Riht als sturioun etes merling, And lobbekeling etes sperling.

a1377 Abingdon Rolls (Camden) 38 In sperlyng xiijs, xjd.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 54 Smalle fysshe þou take Þer with, als trouȝte, sperlynges and menwus withal.

1489 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 183 The sed 2 men to gef a rekenynge of the heryngs and sperlinges.

1500 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 59, No. 2b) Per iii barell. heryng, iii cad. heryng, et ii meyse sperling.

a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 114 Whan..sperlyngis rone with speris in harnes to defence.

1587 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 43 A querter of a freshe samonde and foure salte ielles iij^s; sperlinges iij^d.

1596–7 Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 108 Sperlynges.

1754 T. Gardner Hist. Acct. Dunwich 145 Fishing-Boats for full and shotten Herrings, Sperlings, or Sprats.

a1869 C. Spence From Braes of Carse (1898) 52 Ye catch a sperling, and I catch a fluke.

β. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 609 Sardallus, a sparlynge.a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 173 Salt fysche, salt Congur, samoun, with sparlynge.1517 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 120 Thomas..came with..ix^e last of heryng..and iiij last of Sparlyng.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 156 The gilden Sparlings, when colde Winters blast Begins to threat; themselues together cast.1651 in W. M. Myddelton Chirk Castle Accts. (1908) 34 For sparlings & other fish at Chester.1653 W. Lauson Comm. Dennys' Secrets Angling ii. No. 17 (note) [The gudgeon] is a dainty fish, like, or neere as good as the Sparlin.1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6934 Smelts are often sold in the streets of London split and dried. They are called dried sparlings.1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 54 The smelt or sparling, a very rare fish, is also found in the Cree.1804 G. Galloway Battle of Luncarty 73 While Forth yields her sa'mon and sparling.1886 Field 23 Jan. 105/3 The fine net..was used for sparling, eels, &c.

†b. figurative. As a term of endearment. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun]

darlingc888

belamy?c1225

culver?c1225

dearc1230

sweetheartc1290

heartc1300

sweetc1330

honeya1375

dovec1386

jewelc1400

birdc1405

cinnamonc1405

honeycombc1405

lovec1405

wantonc1450

mulling?a1475

daisyc1485

crowdy-mowdy?a1513

honeysop?a1513

powsowdie?a1513

suckler?a1513

foolc1525

buttinga1529

whitinga1529

beautiful1534

turtle-dove1535

soula1538

heartikin1540

bully?1548

turtle1548

lamba1556

nyletc1557

sweet-lovea1560

coz1563

ding-ding1564

pugs1566

golpol1568

sparling1570

lover1573

pug1580

bulkin1582

mopsy1582

chuck1589

bonny1594

chick1594

sweetikin1596

ladybird1597

angel1598

muss1598

pinkany1599

sweetkin1599

duck1600

joy1600

sparrowc1600

sucket1605

nutting1606

chuckaby1607

tickling1607

bagpudding1608

heartling1608

chucking1609

dainty1611

flittermouse1612

honeysuckle1613

fubs1614

bawcocka1616

pretty1616

old thinga1625

bun1627

duckling1630

bulchin1633

bulch?c1640

sweetling1648

friscoa1652

ding-dongs1662

buntinga1668

cocky1680

dearie1681

chucky1683

lovey1684

machree1689

nykin1693

pinkaninny1696

nug1699

hinny1724

puss1753

pet1767

dovey1769

sweetie1778

lovey-dovey1781

lovely1791

ducky1819

toy1822

acushla1825

alanna1825

treat1825

amigo1830

honey child1832

macushla1834

cabbage1840

honey-bunch1874

angel pie1878

m'dear1887

bach1889

honey baby1895

prawn1895

hon1896

so-and-so1897

cariad1899

pumpkin1900

honey-bun1902

pussums1912

snookums1919

treasure1920

wogger1922

amico1929

sugar1930

baby cake1949

angel cake1951

lamb-chop1962

petal1974

bae2006

1570 Wit & Science (1848) 38 I wylbe bolde wyth my nowne darlyng, Cum now, a bas, my nowne proper sparlyng.

2. Applied to other small fish:

†a. The sprat, Clupea sprattus. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > sprattus sprattus (sprat)

sprotOE

sprat1469

spratkin1674

sparling1740

garvie1742

1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xxxvii. 153 Of the Sprat or Sparling. A Sprat is so like a Herring in every Particular, that [etc.].

b. U.S. A young or immature herring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > member of > young

brit1602

bret1726

yawling1758

sile1769

silk-shag1880–4

sprat1880–4

sparling1884

sild1921

1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 550 Certain local names for the Herring which..designate certain conditions and ages. To this class belongs the name ‘Sperling’, employed by our own fishermen of Cape Ann to denote the young herrings.

1888 Earll in Goode Amer. Fishes 342 The pasture school remained within a few miles of a large school of sperling without being drawn after them.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as sparling-boat, sparling fishing, etc.

ΚΠ

1754 T. Gardner Hist. Acct. Dunwich 20 Each Sperling-Boat, five shillings on presenting Days.

1902 Stirling Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc. Jrnl. 29 The sparling is one of the fishes of the Forth, and sparling fishing is still prosecuted in the river.

C2.

† sparling-fisher n. Obsolete = sparling-fowl n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Mergus (merganser) > mergus merganser (goosander) > female

dun diver1678

sparling-fowl1678

sparling-fisher1700

1700 C. Leigh Nat. Hist. Lancs. i. 161 The Sparling-Fisher..is about the Bigness of a Duck, and by a wonderful Activity in Diving catches its Prey.

† sparling-fowl n. Obsolete the (female) goosander, Mergus merganser.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Mergus (merganser) > mergus merganser (goosander) > female

dun diver1678

sparling-fowl1678

sparling-fisher1700

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 333 The Dun-Diver or Sparlin-fowl: Merganser fœmina.

1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross ii. iii. 49 The Female of it [sc. goosander] is by some thought to be the Mergus Cinereus, the Sparling-Fowl.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sparling
释义	sparlingn. Brit. /ˈspɑːlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈspɑrlɪŋ/, Scottish English /ˈsparlɪŋ/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s sperlyng(e, sperlinge, Middle English–1500s, 1700s–1800s sperling. β. Middle English–1500s sparlynge, 1500s sparlyng, 1500s– sparling, 1600s sparlin. Etymology: < Old French esperlinge (later esperlan , modern French éperlan ), of Germanic origin, = Middle Dutch and Middle Low German spirlinc , Low German and German spierling (also German and Dutch spiering ). Compare spirling n. and spurling n.¹ Now chiefly northern and Scottish. 1. a. The common European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus. (Used either as a generic or collective term, or of single fish.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > [noun] > family Osmeridae(smelts) > osmerus eperlanus (smelt) smeltc725 sprotOE sparling1307 spirlingc1425 spurlinga1471 prim1668 spirinchea1682 α. 1307 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 3 In..ccc sperlinges. c1325 Metr. Hom. 136 Riht als sturioun etes merling, And lobbekeling etes sperling. a1377 Abingdon Rolls (Camden) 38 In sperlyng xiijs, xjd. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 54 Smalle fysshe þou take Þer with, als trouȝte, sperlynges and menwus withal. 1489 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 183 The sed 2 men to gef a rekenynge of the heryngs and sperlinges. 1500 Maldon (Essex) Court Rolls (Bundle 59, No. 2b) Per iii barell. heryng, iii cad. heryng, et ii meyse sperling. a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 114 Whan..sperlyngis rone with speris in harnes to defence. 1587 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 43 A querter of a freshe samonde and foure salte ielles iij^s; sperlinges iij^d. 1596–7 Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 108 Sperlynges. 1754 T. Gardner Hist. Acct. Dunwich 145 Fishing-Boats for full and shotten Herrings, Sperlings, or Sprats. a1869 C. Spence From Braes of Carse (1898) 52 Ye catch a sperling, and I catch a fluke. β. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 609 Sardallus, a sparlynge.a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 173 Salt fysche, salt Congur, samoun, with sparlynge.1517 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 120 Thomas..came with..ix^e last of heryng..and iiij last of Sparlyng.1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 156 The gilden Sparlings, when colde Winters blast Begins to threat; themselues together cast.1651 in W. M. Myddelton Chirk Castle Accts. (1908) 34 For sparlings & other fish at Chester.1653 W. Lauson Comm. Dennys' Secrets Angling ii. No. 17 (note) [The gudgeon] is a dainty fish, like, or neere as good as the Sparlin.1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6934 Smelts are often sold in the streets of London split and dried. They are called dried sparlings.1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 54 The smelt or sparling, a very rare fish, is also found in the Cree.1804 G. Galloway Battle of Luncarty 73 While Forth yields her sa'mon and sparling.1886 Field 23 Jan. 105/3 The fine net..was used for sparling, eels, &c. †b. figurative. As a term of endearment. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] darlingc888 belamy?c1225 culver?c1225 dearc1230 sweetheartc1290 heartc1300 sweetc1330 honeya1375 dovec1386 jewelc1400 birdc1405 cinnamonc1405 honeycombc1405 lovec1405 wantonc1450 mulling?a1475 daisyc1485 crowdy-mowdy?a1513 honeysop?a1513 powsowdie?a1513 suckler?a1513 foolc1525 buttinga1529 whitinga1529 beautiful1534 turtle-dove1535 soula1538 heartikin1540 bully?1548 turtle1548 lamba1556 nyletc1557 sweet-lovea1560 coz1563 ding-ding1564 pugs1566 golpol1568 sparling1570 lover1573 pug1580 bulkin1582 mopsy1582 chuck1589 bonny1594 chick1594 sweetikin1596 ladybird1597 angel1598 muss1598 pinkany1599 sweetkin1599 duck1600 joy1600 sparrowc1600 sucket1605 nutting1606 chuckaby1607 tickling1607 bagpudding1608 heartling1608 chucking1609 dainty1611 flittermouse1612 honeysuckle1613 fubs1614 bawcocka1616 pretty1616 old thinga1625 bun1627 duckling1630 bulchin1633 bulch?c1640 sweetling1648 friscoa1652 ding-dongs1662 buntinga1668 cocky1680 dearie1681 chucky1683 lovey1684 machree1689 nykin1693 pinkaninny1696 nug1699 hinny1724 puss1753 pet1767 dovey1769 sweetie1778 lovey-dovey1781 lovely1791 ducky1819 toy1822 acushla1825 alanna1825 treat1825 amigo1830 honey child1832 macushla1834 cabbage1840 honey-bunch1874 angel pie1878 m'dear1887 bach1889 honey baby1895 prawn1895 hon1896 so-and-so1897 cariad1899 pumpkin1900 honey-bun1902 pussums1912 snookums1919 treasure1920 wogger1922 amico1929 sugar1930 baby cake1949 angel cake1951 lamb-chop1962 petal1974 bae2006 1570 Wit & Science (1848) 38 I wylbe bolde wyth my nowne darlyng, Cum now, a bas, my nowne proper sparlyng. 2. Applied to other small fish: †a. The sprat, Clupea sprattus. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > sprattus sprattus (sprat) sprotOE sprat1469 spratkin1674 sparling1740 garvie1742 1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. xxxvii. 153 Of the Sprat or Sparling. A Sprat is so like a Herring in every Particular, that [etc.]. b. U.S. A young or immature herring. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > member of > young brit1602 bret1726 yawling1758 sile1769 silk-shag1880–4 sprat1880–4 sparling1884 sild1921 1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 550 Certain local names for the Herring which..designate certain conditions and ages. To this class belongs the name ‘Sperling’, employed by our own fishermen of Cape Ann to denote the young herrings. 1888 Earll in Goode Amer. Fishes 342 The pasture school remained within a few miles of a large school of sperling without being drawn after them. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as sparling-boat, sparling fishing, etc. ΚΠ 1754 T. Gardner Hist. Acct. Dunwich 20 Each Sperling-Boat, five shillings on presenting Days. 1902 Stirling Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc. Jrnl. 29 The sparling is one of the fishes of the Forth, and sparling fishing is still prosecuted in the river. C2. † sparling-fisher n. Obsolete = sparling-fowl n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Mergus (merganser) > mergus merganser (goosander) > female dun diver1678 sparling-fowl1678 sparling-fisher1700 1700 C. Leigh Nat. Hist. Lancs. i. 161 The Sparling-Fisher..is about the Bigness of a Duck, and by a wonderful Activity in Diving catches its Prey. † sparling-fowl n. Obsolete the (female) goosander, Mergus merganser. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Mergus (merganser) > mergus merganser (goosander) > female dun diver1678 sparling-fowl1678 sparling-fisher1700 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 333 The Dun-Diver or Sparlin-fowl: Merganser fœmina. 1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross ii. iii. 49 The Female of it [sc. goosander] is by some thought to be the Mergus Cinereus, the Sparling-Fowl. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1307
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