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单词 solvate
释义

solvaten.

Brit. /ˈsɒlveɪt/, U.S. /ˈsɑlˌveɪt/
Etymology: < solv- (in solve v.) + -ate suffix1.
Chemistry.
A more or less loosely bonded complex formed between a dissolved species and the solvent.
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the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solvents and solutes > [noun] > solvate
solvate1905
1905 Amer. Chem. Jrnl. 34 489 The existence of hydrates or solvates (in the case of non-aqueous solvents) in one form or another is an old conception.
1910 H. C. Jones Introd. Physical Chem. 100 Solvates in general.
1913 H. C. Jones New Era Chem. ix. 163 The solvates existing in the solution.
1922 A. W. Stewart Physico-chem. Themes 269 Another form of explanation is arrived at by assuming that solvates are formed on the addition of the salt.
1969 T. C. Waddington Non-aqueous Solvents ii. 18 Because of its ability to donate its lone pair of electrons to form a covalent coordinate link, as well as by ion-dipole attraction, ammonia forms many solvates.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

solvatev.

/sɒlˈveɪt/
Etymology: < solv- (in solve v.) + -ate suffix3.
Chemistry.
transitive. To form a solvate with (a dissolved species).
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the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solvents and solutes > [verb (intransitive)] > solvation
solvate1913
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solvents and solutes > [verb (transitive)] > solvate
solvate1913
1913 H. C. Jones New Era Chem. ix. 165 Non electrolytes solvate very slightly. The electrolytes combine with large amounts of the solvent.
1958 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 44 429 Strongly hydrogen-bonding organic solvents have been found to solvate polypeptides and proteins completely.
1976 J. Daintith Dict. Physical Sci. 4/2 In solution the hydrogen ion, H+, is solvated by water and often considered to be a hydroxonium ion, H3O+.

Derivatives

solˈvated adj. (rare) intransitive, to undergo solvation.
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the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solvents and solutes > [adjective] > solvation
solvated1909
solvating1913
1909 Publ. Carnegie Inst. No. 110. 104 When a salt of one of these elements is dissolved in a solvent both the molecules of the salt and the ions formed from them become solvated.
1917 M. H. Fischer tr. W. Ostwald Introd. Colloid Chem. 134 The solvated colloids.
1932 F. A. Philbrick & E. J. Holmyard Text Bk. Theoret. & Inorg. Chem. xi. 312 Hydrogen chloride is a strong acid only in solvents in which it is solvated.
1971 Nature 1 Jan. 13/2 The study of the solvated electron has its origins in the work begun by Kraus at the beginning of this century on the blue solutions formed by dissolving alkali metals in liquid ammonia and amines. Electrical conductivity and other measurements have established that the solvated electron is responsible for the blue colour of these solutions.
1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 95/1 The solvated electrons in an alkali-metal-ammonia solution should behave like unpaired electrons in an atom and hence should make the solutions paramagnetic.
1977 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 98/3 The entire complex can then readily be solvated by a polar liquid such as an amine or an ether.
solˈvating adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solvents and solutes > [adjective] > solvation
solvated1909
solvating1913
1913 H. C. Jones New Era Chem. ix. 165 It is the ions which are the chief solvating agents.
1968 V. Gutmann Coordination Chem. in Non-aqueous Solutions ii. 34 With increasing donor properties of the solvent its solvating properties become stronger.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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