cocoan.adj.

1670 J. Ogilby America ii. xvi. 338 Cocoa, of which there are many large Walks; and greater plenty by improvement may easily be produc'd.

1683 J. Poyntz Present Prospect Tobago 41 The seventh year you will have all your Land Planted with Cocoa; and that encreasing, you need not plant above ten, or fifteen Acres of Tobacco this year, amongst your Cocao.

1776 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies III. iv. 360 The plantations contain 72 arnotto trees; 327 of cassia; 13,292 of cocoa [etc.].

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 708 Cocoa, this small tree furnishes a product which is extremely useful both as food and medicine.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator iii. 187 Cocoa..A tree twenty feet in height.

1929 Times 25 Feb. 8/3 As soon as I saw the patch of cocoa I was able to explain to him the chief reasons for the failure at Aburi.

1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 31 Plant the mortelle in the middle of the cocoa to give it shade, and even though the cocoa knows it needs the shade and can't battle with the mortelle, it would keep shooting upwards.

1923 Daily Mail 24 Apr. 1 (advt.) Colours: Nigger, Cocoa, Canary, Brick, etc.

1971 Vogue 15 Oct. 144/3 Dress..; colours: cocoa, blue, natural.

2006 Washington Post (Nexis) 2 Nov. h3 The fabric, available in cocoa, terra cotta and antique beige, also is appropriate for sofas.

1942 R. Chandler High Window ii. 23 The blond head under the cocoa straw hat..didn't even turn my way.

1988 New York Mag. 12 Sept. 169 Two..cocoa silk print dresses with pleated backs.

2006 Denver Post (Nexis) 20 Apr. f1 Martinek..filled the formal living room with collectibles surrounded by azure, taupe and cocoa fabrics.

1749 London Evening Post 12 Oct. 1/3 That Insurrection proceeds only from the Advantage which divers Persons have found in carrying on the Cocoa Trade themselves.

1762 Amer. Gazetteer I. sig. E10^v There are from 500 to 1000 or 2000 trees in a walk or cocoa plantation.

1833 A. C. Carmichael Domest. Manners W. Indies I. xxiii. 263 The work of a cocoa estate is nothing compared to that of a sugar estate.

1890 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 7 Nov. 1043/2 The cocoa industry has now become a very important one in this country.

1910 Times 24 May 35/4 Let us hope that cocoa growers may continue indefinitely to reap larger profits year by year.

1959 New Scientist 28 May 1180/3 If it is a cocoa plant, cuttings will be taken from it and propagated in special frames, heated through peat from below.

1973 H. L. Bretton Power & Politics in Afr. xvii. 242 The large-scale cocoa farmer typically employs wage labour drawn mainly from neighboring countries.

1995 M. M. Amin in F. Ruf & P. S. Siswoputranto Cocoa Cycles (1996) ii. 55 A large number of these countries depend heavily on cocoa exports as an important source of foreign exchange income for their development programmes.

2011 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 May c3/1 The nexus of cocoa production shifted to West Africa in the early 1900s as infestations such as frosty pod rot devastated Latin America's cocoa horticulture.

1785 Morning Chron. 14 Feb. 2/2 His Majesty was dressed in a cocoa-coloured velvet.

1887 ‘F. Anstey’ in Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 257/2 The cocoa-coloured Row, and the flash of distant carriage-wheels in the sun-light.

1912 C. Begg Sprue vi. 80 ‘Ovaltine’..is a cocoa-flavoured concentration of the nutritive constituents of malt extract, milk, and eggs.

1974 J. Cameron Indian Summer iii. 35 Little brown chukus that look like cocoa-covered golf-balls.

1989 G. Andrews Making Homemade Candy 25 Cocoa-coated chocolate truffles.

2002 S. Mackey Reckoning 340 American diplomats..accepted gifts of cocoa-dusted cookies.

1799 tr. J. H. Campe Discov. Amer. vii. 91 Some. What is it, pray! Moth. Soup made of cocoa beans [Ger. Kakaobohnen]. Fred. Ah! Chocolate.

1855 J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Common Life I. 223 The cocoa-bean of commerce is brittle.

1871 S. Mateer Travancore 96 The breadfruit, cocoa bean..etc., deserve more extended cultivation.

1947 Life 17 Nov. 14/1 (advt.) All nine delectable centers are coated with bittersweet or milk chocolate made from choice Ecuadoran and Venezuelan cocoa beans blended in Brach's own chocolate mills.

1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. x. 409 The cocoa beans or nibs themselves were now often dried and sent whole to England and other European countries.

2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Feb. c1/2 Chocolate makers usually buy cocoa butter, cocoa liquor or powder from processors, who purchase cocoa beans at market prices.

1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 417/2 Lialis Burtonis..is of a pale ashy brown above..and beneath of a pale cocoa-brown.

1868 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 1 Nov. 225/1 A dull cocoa-brown colour.

1940 F. D. Davison in B. James Austral. Short Stories (1963) 64 A broad-shouldered figure in a cocoa-brown suit.

1956 Billboard 18 Feb. 92/3 Mrs. William Jones chose a cocoa brown satin.

2005 L. L. Narlock & N. Garfinkel Wine Lover's Guide to Wine Country 73 As you travel, you'll see how the earth can change color from a light cocoa brown to a fierce red.

1801 Monthly Mag. Apr. 253/1 An oil is drawn from it similar to the olive, and much superior in quality to the cocoa butter.

1881 J. A. Wanklyn & W. J. Cooper Bread-analysis vi. 63 Cocoa butter..is the natural vegetable fat existing in cocoa.

1948 Good Housek. Cookery Bk. 652 For chocolate dipping, couverture chocolate (i.e., covering chocolate, which is good quality plain block chocolate, containing an adequate proportion of cocoa butter) should be used.

2009 J. Patterson & M. Paetro Swimsuit xxxvii. 124 Their strong hands massaged in cocoa butter before proceeding to the long strokes of the traditional lomi lomi massage.

1835 Bristol Mercury 3 Jan. There was a small quantity of a brownish liquor, something of a cocoa colour.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 23 July 5/3 The destroyers Havock and Hornet..are looking as smart as the peculiarly ugly cocoa colour they are painted will allow.

1922 Delineator Dec. 21/3 Antique gold is used on cocoa color and steel or silver on black.

2005 R. G. Jenrette Adventures with Old Houses xiii. 165 The University's new faculty lounge..was painted in an interesting cocoa color.

1866 Birmingham Daily Post 27 Nov. 3/5 Cadbury's Cocoa Essence, Registered.

1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-Gossip 26 184/2 The cocoa essences by our best firms are conspicuous for..their freedom from all additions of sugar, starch, colouring matters and alkalies.

1915 C. G. Moor & W. Partridge Aids to Anal. Food & Drugs 130 ‘Cocoa extract’ and ‘cocoa essence’ consist of natural cocoa partly deprived of its fat.

1995 R. Fitzgerald Rowntree & Marketing Revol. (2006) 56 Both Rowntree and Fry left the manufacture of cocoa essence to Cadbury and the Dutch throughout the 1870s.

1869 Manch. Weekly Times 22 May 8/5 (advt.) Van Houten's Cocoa... Better than any other cocoa, cocoa extract, or essence, or any chocolate sold in this country.

1922 Râja-Yoga Messenger May 127 The processes by which, from the imported brown berries, are obtained the cocoa extract and various dainty forms of chocolate are as follows.

2004 Better Nutrition July 12 This supplement contains a unique formula that incorporates the power of cocoa extract and coffee beans.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 176/1 Cocoa fat: this butter-like substance is obtained from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, and is esteemed as an emollient.

1893 W. Crookes tr. K. B. Lehmann Methods Pract. Hygiene II. 185 Sometimes a portion of the natural cocoa-fat is removed by pressure, and there is substituted for it in chocolate mutton-fat, which is cheaper.

1920 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 Mar. 446/2 Large quantities of cocoa fat must be consumed daily with impunity in the various chocolate preparations on the market.

1999 M. Cezair-Thompson True Hist. Paradise vi. 33 She..did not give up hope that the scars would disappear with the daily application of bleaching cream and cocoa fat.

1827 J. P. Hamilton Trav. Through Interior Provinces Colombia II. 6 The owner used to conceal himself in the evening, and at day-light to shoot the deer that came to feed on the cocoa fruit.

1884 U.S. Consular Rep. Mar. 172 As the cocoa fruit sets in December and the coffee fruit in January, the crops have been greatly shortened by the unusually prolonged dry weather.

1904 Amer. Jrnl. Pharmacy 76 58 As the cocoa fruit weighs several pounds, it is reasonable to suppose that the smaller branches would be unable to support the weight.

1969 Adv. in Food Res. 17 106 The usual practice is to remove the cocoa fruit from the tree..and allow the fruits to ferment until the mucilage surrounding the beans is sufficiently decomposed.

1706 C. Gildon Post-boy robb'd of his Mail (ed. 2) xvi. 308 (heading) Being a Letter of Love and Gallantry..to be left at the Cocoa-House in the Pallmall.

1830 A. M. Porter Barony II. v. 152 He..entered one of the cocoa-houses—which in those days were open through the whole of every night.

1886 J. F. Chittenden Minor Industries 6 This can be effected, on a large scale, by..drying ‘in the sun’ in the ordinary cocoa-house.

1910 G. M. Baillie Reynolds Girl from Nowhere ii. 19 They are most unlikely to come here. They would go to a bar, not a cocoa-house.

1914 C. J. J. van Hall Cocoa ix. 466 An improvement was the establishment of large wooden trays..which could be rapidly pushed under the cocoa-shanty or cocoa-house..when rain came.

1996 Pittsburgh Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 7 Nov. (Sooner ed.) d1 Chocolate..was instantly the rage of the continent, with cocoa houses being opened as early as 1657.

2009 A. Vanderhoof Spice Necklace x. 248 David takes us upstairs in the estate's cocoa house..to show us how the cocoa beans would have been exposed to the sun to dry.

1892 U.S. Patent 479581 26 July 1/1 I take chocolate or cocoa liquor, sugar, and cream or condensed milk.

1934 S. Jordan Chocolate Eval. iii. 13 In the simplest form of coating cocoa liquor, sugar and cocoa butter and blended.

1987 Indiana Gaz. 25 Mar. 8/2 From the beans, cocoa liquor is extracted and chocolate in a solid form is the next step.

2010 J. Peach Chocolate Therapist iv. 37 Called cocoa liquor and also known as bitter or baking chocolate, it consists of pure roasted and ground cocoa beans.

1828 in Brit. & Foreign State Papers 1863–64 113 Roasted coffee, cocoa mass, ground cocoa, chocolate and substitutes for.

1915 A. G. Woodman Food Anal. vii. 302 ‘Cocoa powder’..is prepared by expressing a portion of the fat or ‘cocoa butter’ from the warm cocoa mass in a hydraulic press.

1992 D. K. Salunkhe et al. World Oilseeds xiii. 456 The nib is ground to give cocoa mass or chocolate liquor.

2012 N.Y. Times 9 May (Late ed.) d3/5 Mr. Kaminsky picked up a bar of chocolate from Venezuela and noted with approval that its first ingredient was ‘cocoa mass’.

1802 Exeter Flying-post 27 May W. and H. Wescomb..have now on Sale..Churchman's & Sir Hans Sloane's Patent Chocolates, Fry and Garratt's Patent Cocoa, Cocoa Nibs.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1143 The cotyledons, commonly called ‘cocoa-nibs’, [are] crushed and ground between heated rollers.

1949 Sci. News Let. 3 Sept. 152/1 Basis of the one-step process is simultaneous air flotation of cocoa nibs and milk, powder, salt and other dry ingredients.

2003 F. Shaw Sweetest Thing 393 That smell of roasting cocoa nibs and of sugar syrup and the smell of the fruit.

1683 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Two Disc. Soul of Brutes ii. viii. 160 To every paper add of the Kirnels of the Cocoe Nuts one pound, of Sugar what will suffice; of this make Chocalate.

1751 J. Hill Hist. Materia Medica xiii. 475 A Cavity within which are lodg'd the Cocoa Nuts already described, usually about thirty in each fruit.

1789 New Lady's Mag. 4 (Suppl.) 689/1 It is from the kernel of the cocoa-nut..that the substance, called chocolate, is prepared.

1827 J. P. Hamilton Trav. Interior Provinces Columbia I. 323 The grounds where the chocolate-trees grew were nicely irrigated, and they had a quantity of cocoa-nuts on them.

1853 Democratic Banner (Iowa) 21 Oct. 1/5 Chocolate is a preparation from the cocoanut, which is ground into a fine powder made into cakes and suitably flavored with spices.

1893 United Service June To those who have had experience with the cocoa-nut the color of the shell and the kernel and their bitterness tell of the degree of perfection of the fermenting process.

1716 London Gaz. No. 5416/3 Coco-Paste, Chocolate.

1750 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria (1752) 55 Cocoa-nuts, Chocolate and Cocoa-paste.

1803 Jrnl. Nat. Philos., Chem. & Arts July 179 Some makers procure, at a low price, the reuse of cocoa paste, from which the butter has been extracted, and replace it by oils or animal fats.

1852 C. Tomlinson Cyclopædia of Useful Arts I. 372/1 On cocoa paste..the duty was reduced [in 1842] to 2d.

1909 Confectioners' & Bakers' Gaz. 10 Aug. 17/2 Cocoa pastes are the product obtained by grinding roasted cocoa beans.

1995 Fine Cooking Feb. 42/2 Chocolate liquor. When cooled, it's called cocoa paste.

2009 J. Walt Araxi 217 Process until you have a smooth and lump-free cocoa paste.

1817 A. Rees Cycl. (1819) XXXVI. at Vanilla The method used to preserve the fruit is..to..lay it in small heaps to ferment two or three days, in the same manner as is practised for the cocoa pods.

1827 J. P. Hamilton Trav. Interior Provinces Columbia I. 95 The cocoa-pods on the trees resemble the small rough melon, and are of a dark red colour, and full of small beans, from which they make the chocolate.

1994 B. Gilroy Sunlight on Sweet Water 24 He broke open the cocoa pods with a sharp cutlass, and we scooped out the beans and spread them on the hessian bags to dry.

2007 Jrnl. Black Stud. 38 296 Farmers in the Gold Coast near the end of the 19th century moved from never having seen a cocoa pod to being the largest exporters of cocoa in the world.

1907 N.Y. Times 5 Oct. 16/7 (advt.) Various machines, consisting of roasters, cocoa presses, mills, [etc.].

1910 Referee 16 Jan. 13/3 ‘Modern Slavery’, a pamphlet issued by the World deals in a forcible manner with the ‘Red Cocoa’ question. It..speaks its mind frankly on..the Pro-Boer campaign conducted largely by the Free Trade Cocoa Press.

1915 National Rev. Jan. 689 The glory of the Cocoa Press has departed.

1944 M. Ward G. K. Chesterton xvii. 255 The Daily News and other papers owned by Mr Cadbury (of Cadbury's Cocoa) were often referred to as ‘the Cocoa Press’.

1993 Stud. Conservation 38 218/1 The technique of making..‘eating’ chocolate developed in the early Victorian period, facilitated by the 1828 invention of the cocoa press by C. J. Van Houten.

2010 D. Cadbury Chocolate Wars xiv. 207 Hostility to Cadbury's and Rowntree's ‘Cocoa Press’ may have been exacerbated by the resounding success of the chocolate firms.

1912 National Rev. Mar. 69 The British people is not going back upon its past..to gratify the Coco Quaker.

1984 S. Koss Rise & Fall Polit. Press in Brit. II. ii. 77 Leaving the employment of one Cocoa Quaker for that of another, Massingham did not imagine that the Daily News would have difficulty replacing him as lobby correspondent.

1996 A. Meltzer I couldn't paint Golden Angels 314 The traditionally Liberal philanthropist cocoa Quakers who ran the News Chronicle had been the first to object to following custom and practice.

1895 US Patent 549531 2/2 A dry powder of a brown color..consisting only of cocoa solids, including the soluble parts derived from cocoa butter, and the solids of milk and sugar.

1911 Chem. Abstr. 5 542 The content of cocoa solids being at least 32%.

1997 F. B. Padley in F. D. Gunstone & F. B. Padley Lipid Technol. & Applic. xv. 392 Milk chocolate, among other requirements, must contain... A minimum of 25% total dry cocoa solids including at least 2.5% of dry non-fat cocoa solids.

2006 R. Loux Balanced Palate iii. 112/1 The cocoa solids are dried in cakes and pulverized into powder.

1836 B. Disraeli Let. 9 Jan. in Corr. with Sister (1886) 47 Sophy is only ill from eating cocoa sweetmeat!

1887 Chemist & Druggist 15 Oct. 496/1 At that time cocoa butter was used principally by apothecaries, whilst the chief buyers now are manufacturers of chocolate and cocoa sweetmeats.

1999 Canberra Times (Nexis) 24 Oct. a7 For one gluttonous week, Italy's self-styled chocolate city, Perugia, is hosting Eurochocolate—a festival dedicated to the cocoa sweetmeat in all its forms.

1747 J. Cheshire Gouty Man's Compan. 29 Chocolate may also be very proper, or Cocoa-Tea with Cream in it.

1855 J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Common Life I. 225 Another variety of the cocoa beverages, which may be called cocoa-tea, is prepared by boiling the husks of the bean in water.

a1911 ‘R. Tressell’ Ragged Trousered Philanthropists (1955) xix. 323 The children..asked each other repeatedly which they liked best, ‘tea tea?’ or ‘cocoa tea’?

1974 S. Selvon Those who eat Cascadura iii. 60 Shortly, they were sitting down to breakfast..drinking coco-tea from chipped enamel mugs.

2009 A. Vanderhoof Spice Necklace x. 263 Grenadians sometimes use sweetened condensed milk in their cocoa tea instead of sugar.

1698 tr. C. de Acuña Relation Great River Amazons xxxii. 77 in Voy. & Discov. S.-Amer. i The second thing is the Coco-tree [Sp. cacao], which serves for the Composition of Chocolat; with these the Banks of the River are covered.

1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World v. 89 The Cocoa-Tree is small, and the Nut or Kernel bigger than an Almond.

1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain III. 23 The cultivation of the cocoa-tree..had already made considerable progress in Mexico in the time of Montezuma.

1979 E. Lovelace Dragon can't Dance iii. 39 Leaving the tall immortelle and the dying bananas and the cocoa trees with pods small as grains of pigeon peas.

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees xiii. 324 Flies including midges are the prime pollinators of many a plant, including many a tree—and including the cocoa tree, Theobroma cacao.

1670 J. Ogilby America ii. xv. 337 Neither wants it great Sugar-works, which have Water-mills and Horse-mills, and very many large Cocoa Walks, the most and best Tobacco: and in short, it produceth all other Commodities, that any of our American Islands have knowledge of.

1756 R. Rolt New & Accurate Hist. S.-Amer. I. ii. iv. 476 The plantations are called cocoa-walks.

1872 R. K. Philp Domest. World 76/1 In the West Indies, by the description of travellers, a ‘cocoa walk’ or plantation is a very beautiful scene.

1907 Bull. Dept. Agric. Jamaica 5 141 Care should be taken to remove all prunings from Cocoa walks, and burn them, as these are fruitful sources for the propagation of disease.

1996 D. Buisseret in R. B. Sheridan W. Indies Accts. iii. 57 In Spanish times there had also been many cocoa-walks, but Taylor notes that these were now mostly ruinate.