slavishnessn.

Brit.

/ˈsleɪvᵻʃnᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈsleɪvᵻʃnᵻs/

Forms: see slavish adj.¹ and -ness suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: slavish adj.¹, -ness suffix.

Etymology: < slavish adj.¹ + -ness suffix.

a. Base or ignoble character or behaviour; esp. abject submissiveness, degradingly obsequious behaviour or attitude; excessive eagerness to serve or please others.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun]

fawninga1350

submission?a1439

overlowness1496

servility1573

servilenessa1594

obsequency1595

obsequiousness1613

cringing1617

slavishnessa1620

vernility1623

servulating1637

suppleness1638

sneakinga1657

subserviency1669

fawningness1672

subservience1680

cringingness1695

truckling1820

obsequience1830

flunkeyism1831

servilism1831

spanielship1832

toadyism1840

flunkeydom1850

oleaginousness1853

vassalism1854

toadying1863

grovel1892

obsequity1892

crawlsomeness1900

serfishness1906

oleosity?1920

ass-kissing1936

1582 R. Browne Life & Manners All True Christians (new ed.) cxxxii. sig. L3^v They haue their loftines and pride or els toe much slauishnes.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xi. §5. 120 His willingnesse to serue such base things, is the great brand of his slauishnes.

1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 343 A slavishness of mind, and slothfulness of body.

a1768 T. Secker Wks. (1771) V. 140 Making a Language absurd, and imprinting a Character of Slavishness upon it [sc. by coining new ‘high strained expressions of civility’].

1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. vii. 173 Friends wi' out slavishness o' one hand, or pride o' t' other.

1908 Arena Apr. 407 He is growing ashamed of having allowed the Englishman to misconstrue his politeness into abject slavishness.

1992 S. Bing Crazy Bosses ii. ii. 127 Tough guys don't toady: Never allow general, pleasant sucking up to degenerate into fawning slavishness.

b. Undue submission or deference to a specified person or influence; lack of independence in thought or action.

ΘΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > manageability > [noun] > lack of independence in thought or action

servility1607

sequaciousness1653

sequacity1654

1621 T. Taylor Parable of Sower & Seed 166 They take liberty to disguise themselues in strange attire.., shewing no other hidden man of the heart, but lightnesse, vanity, wantonnesse, and slauishnesse to euery new-fangled fashion.

a1658 O. Sedgwick Bowels of Tender Mercy (1661) ii. xiv. 699 Your bondage and slavishness to your own lusts.

1846 Emancipator (N.Y.) 23 Sept. 86/1 Much mischief has been done by a craven slavishness to the dictation of..‘caucus nominations’.

1861 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilization Eng. II. i. 92 Feijoo,..notwithstanding his superstition, and a certain slavishness of mind,..did, on matters of science, seek to enlighten his countrymen.

1917 W. E. B. Henderson Behind Thicket xii. 258 The verbal frills and trimmings which a traditional slavishness to the Bench has tacked on to the solid joint of British forensic eloquence: ‘M'lud—’ ‘—call your Lordship's attention—’ [etc.].

2015 S. Satkunanandan Extraordinary Responsibility 186 Thinking is precisely what protects us against slavishness to convention and codes.

c. Esp. with reference to literary or artistic work: excessive or unthinking imitation or reproduction of a model or original; excessive adherence or indebtedness to a source, model, etc.

1753 J. Werge Coll. Orig. Poems, Ess. & Epist. 78 The slavishness of imitators, tyranny of custom, and prejudice of education, owe the poor stock of good things they utter to a happy memory.

1849 S. T. Wallis Glimpses of Spain viii. 198 The higher works [of Murillo]..are as free..from any thing like slavishness to an exclusive model, as those of any other of the masters of the art.

1883 Rep. 2nd Decennial Missionary Conf. Calcutta 1882–3 347 When translation is resorted to, every effort [is to] be made to avoid stiffness of rendering and slavishness to the original.

1910 Musical Opinion Nov. 137/1 There must be a certain slavishness of reproduction, otherwise there is no infringement [of copyright].

2007 Guardian (Nexis) 24 May 2 A remake it may be, but Tomb Raider: Anniversary cleverly avoids slavishness, picking out the best bits.., giving you a Lara who has evolved to be much less fiddly to control, and cloaking it all in excellent graphics.

2. The fact or condition of being a slave; a state of slavery, or something likened to this; servitude, bondage, subjection.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun]

theowdomc893

thralshipc1200

thraldomc1275

thrallhead1297

servagec1300

thrall14..

bondage1330

dangera1375

servicea1382

servitutea1393

thaneheada1400

thrillagec1400

serviturea1422

servitudec1425

thrildomc1480

thirldom1489

thirlage1513

servilityc1530

slavedom1562

serviceage1594

bondmanship1611

bond-service1611

slaverya1616

slavishnessa1620

bond slavery1835

chattelship1857

chattelhood1871

thirl-band1871

thirl-service-

1592 R. Verstegan Declar. True Causes Great Troubles 56 The meaner gentlemen and comons, are brought vnto the greatest slauishnesse, and misery, that euer any free borne people haue liued in.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xi. §2. 113 Thus detaining them in more then Egyptian slauishnes.

1838 ‘A. Thomason’ Men & Things in Amer. 192 The comfort and freedom of the lower classes of America, as compared with the penury and slavishness of those of Europe.

1937 Virginia Q. Rev. 12 191 The indignities of modern mechanized labor are marks of slavishness, not freedom.

1998 N. Demand in S. R. Joshel & S. Murnaghan Women & Slaves Greco-Rom. Culture v. 71 Female slaves suffered the twofold inferiority of femaleness and slavishness.

†3. Apparently: oppression, tyranny. Cf. slavish adj.¹ 3b. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun]

threat971

duressc1320

defoulc1330

tyrantry1340

tyrannyc1368

oppressinga1382

overleadinga1382

tyrandisea1382

overlayingc1384

oppression1387

oversettinga1398

thronga1400

overpressingc1450

impressionc1470

tyrantshipc1470

tyrannesse?a1475

aggravation1481

defouling1483

supprissiona1500

oppressmentc1537

conculcation1547

iron hand?1570

thrall1578

tyrannizing1589

tyranting1596

ingrating1599

pressure1616

regrate1621

overpressure1644

slavishness1684

iron heel1798

1684 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia: 1st Pt. (ed. 15) i. 48 For putting any to the rack..it is by the English believed to savour too much of slavishness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	slavishness
释义	slavishnessn. Brit. /ˈsleɪvᵻʃnᵻs/, U.S. /ˈsleɪvᵻʃnᵻs/ Forms: see slavish adj.¹ and -ness suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: slavish adj.¹, -ness suffix. Etymology: < slavish adj.¹ + -ness suffix. 1. a. Base or ignoble character or behaviour; esp. abject submissiveness, degradingly obsequious behaviour or attitude; excessive eagerness to serve or please others. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > servility > [noun] fawninga1350 submission?a1439 overlowness1496 servility1573 servilenessa1594 obsequency1595 obsequiousness1613 cringing1617 slavishnessa1620 vernility1623 servulating1637 suppleness1638 sneakinga1657 subserviency1669 fawningness1672 subservience1680 cringingness1695 truckling1820 obsequience1830 flunkeyism1831 servilism1831 spanielship1832 toadyism1840 flunkeydom1850 oleaginousness1853 vassalism1854 toadying1863 grovel1892 obsequity1892 crawlsomeness1900 serfishness1906 oleosity?1920 ass-kissing1936 1582 R. Browne Life & Manners All True Christians (new ed.) cxxxii. sig. L3^v They haue their loftines and pride or els toe much slauishnes. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xi. §5. 120 His willingnesse to serue such base things, is the great brand of his slauishnes. 1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 343 A slavishness of mind, and slothfulness of body. a1768 T. Secker Wks. (1771) V. 140 Making a Language absurd, and imprinting a Character of Slavishness upon it [sc. by coining new ‘high strained expressions of civility’]. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. vii. 173 Friends wi' out slavishness o' one hand, or pride o' t' other. 1908 Arena Apr. 407 He is growing ashamed of having allowed the Englishman to misconstrue his politeness into abject slavishness. 1992 S. Bing Crazy Bosses ii. ii. 127 Tough guys don't toady: Never allow general, pleasant sucking up to degenerate into fawning slavishness. b. Undue submission or deference to a specified person or influence; lack of independence in thought or action. ΘΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > manageability > [noun] > lack of independence in thought or action servility1607 sequaciousness1653 sequacity1654 1621 T. Taylor Parable of Sower & Seed 166 They take liberty to disguise themselues in strange attire.., shewing no other hidden man of the heart, but lightnesse, vanity, wantonnesse, and slauishnesse to euery new-fangled fashion. a1658 O. Sedgwick Bowels of Tender Mercy (1661) ii. xiv. 699 Your bondage and slavishness to your own lusts. 1846 Emancipator (N.Y.) 23 Sept. 86/1 Much mischief has been done by a craven slavishness to the dictation of..‘caucus nominations’. 1861 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilization Eng. II. i. 92 Feijoo,..notwithstanding his superstition, and a certain slavishness of mind,..did, on matters of science, seek to enlighten his countrymen. 1917 W. E. B. Henderson Behind Thicket xii. 258 The verbal frills and trimmings which a traditional slavishness to the Bench has tacked on to the solid joint of British forensic eloquence: ‘M'lud—’ ‘—call your Lordship's attention—’ [etc.]. 2015 S. Satkunanandan Extraordinary Responsibility 186 Thinking is precisely what protects us against slavishness to convention and codes. c. Esp. with reference to literary or artistic work: excessive or unthinking imitation or reproduction of a model or original; excessive adherence or indebtedness to a source, model, etc. Π 1753 J. Werge Coll. Orig. Poems, Ess. & Epist. 78 The slavishness of imitators, tyranny of custom, and prejudice of education, owe the poor stock of good things they utter to a happy memory. 1849 S. T. Wallis Glimpses of Spain viii. 198 The higher works [of Murillo]..are as free..from any thing like slavishness to an exclusive model, as those of any other of the masters of the art. 1883 Rep. 2nd Decennial Missionary Conf. Calcutta 1882–3 347 When translation is resorted to, every effort [is to] be made to avoid stiffness of rendering and slavishness to the original. 1910 Musical Opinion Nov. 137/1 There must be a certain slavishness of reproduction, otherwise there is no infringement [of copyright]. 2007 Guardian (Nexis) 24 May 2 A remake it may be, but Tomb Raider: Anniversary cleverly avoids slavishness, picking out the best bits.., giving you a Lara who has evolved to be much less fiddly to control, and cloaking it all in excellent graphics. 2. The fact or condition of being a slave; a state of slavery, or something likened to this; servitude, bondage, subjection. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] theowdomc893 thralshipc1200 thraldomc1275 thrallhead1297 servagec1300 thrall14.. bondage1330 dangera1375 servicea1382 servitutea1393 thaneheada1400 thrillagec1400 serviturea1422 servitudec1425 thrildomc1480 thirldom1489 thirlage1513 servilityc1530 slavedom1562 serviceage1594 bondmanship1611 bond-service1611 slaverya1616 slavishnessa1620 bond slavery1835 chattelship1857 chattelhood1871 thirl-band1871 thirl-service- 1592 R. Verstegan Declar. True Causes Great Troubles 56 The meaner gentlemen and comons, are brought vnto the greatest slauishnesse, and misery, that euer any free borne people haue liued in. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xi. §2. 113 Thus detaining them in more then Egyptian slauishnes. 1838 ‘A. Thomason’ Men & Things in Amer. 192 The comfort and freedom of the lower classes of America, as compared with the penury and slavishness of those of Europe. 1937 Virginia Q. Rev. 12 191 The indignities of modern mechanized labor are marks of slavishness, not freedom. 1998 N. Demand in S. R. Joshel & S. Murnaghan Women & Slaves Greco-Rom. Culture v. 71 Female slaves suffered the twofold inferiority of femaleness and slavishness. †3. Apparently: oppression, tyranny. Cf. slavish adj.¹ 3b. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] threat971 duressc1320 defoulc1330 tyrantry1340 tyrannyc1368 oppressinga1382 overleadinga1382 tyrandisea1382 overlayingc1384 oppression1387 oversettinga1398 thronga1400 overpressingc1450 impressionc1470 tyrantshipc1470 tyrannesse?a1475 aggravation1481 defouling1483 supprissiona1500 oppressmentc1537 conculcation1547 iron hand?1570 thrall1578 tyrannizing1589 tyranting1596 ingrating1599 pressure1616 regrate1621 overpressure1644 slavishness1684 iron heel1798 1684 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia: 1st Pt. (ed. 15) i. 48 For putting any to the rack..it is by the English believed to savour too much of slavishness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). < n.1582
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