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单词 skirret
释义

skirretn.1

/ˈskɪrɪt/
Forms: α. Middle English skyrwate, Middle English–1500s skyrwyt (Middle English skyrwytte, skerwyth, scyrwyȝth, schirewyt), 1500s skyrwit; Middle English skirwhite, Middle English skirwhit, Middle English–1500s skirwit, 1500s–1600s skirwike, 1600s skirwicke. β. 1500s skyrwort, skyrwurt, 1500s–1700s skirwort, 1500s skirwurt, 1600s skirwirt; 1600s skir(r)iwort. γ. 1500s skyrrit, 1500s– skirret (1500s skiret), 1600s skirrot; 1600s skerret, 1700s skerrett, skerrit.
Etymology: Middle English skirwhit(e , apparently an alteration by popular etymology (? simulating skire white pure white) of Old French eschervis (modern French chervis ), which is closely related to Spanish chirivia , Portuguese cherivia , and appears to be a variant of Old French carvi caraway n. The later English skirret is a natural development < skirwhit, while skirwort represents a further attempt to make the word intelligible.
1.
a. A perennial umbelliferous plant, Sium sisarum, a species of water parsnip, formerly much cultivated in Europe for its esculent tubers; the root of this plant. In one or two 15th cent. glossaries skyrwyt renders Latin eruca, probably in error.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > parsnip
skirret1338
parsnipc1390
neep1789
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > other root vegetables
skirret1338
pease earthnut1548
skirret-root1565
rampion1573
Tragopogon1578
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
groundnut1636
sedge-root1648
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
vegetable oyster1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
yam-bean1864
tiger-nut1887
wasabi1903
ramp1946
sunchoke1955
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > parsnip
skirret1338
parsnipc1390
mype1597
neep1789
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > water-parsnip or skirret
skirret1338
siser1548
α.
1338 in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1846) II. 585/1 In flore, jd. In skirwhittes, jd.
a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 33 Pastinaca, skirwhite.
a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 12 Baucea, skirwhit.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 458/1 Skyrwyt, herbe or rote.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 271/1 Skyrwyt, an herbe.
1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 600 Skirwits: The roots boiled, are good for the stomacke.
1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata xii. §126 A rape.., the navew, a carrot, a skirwike roote.
β. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.iijv Fuchsius rekoneth that our skyrwort, or skyrwit is a kynde of siser. Persnepes, and skirwortes are commune in Englande.1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 605 Skirwurtes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree.1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. xl. 78/1 Pomfret..brings forth Liquorice and great plentie of Skiriworts.1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Skirret or Skirwort.γ. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 40 Herbes & rootes, for sallets & sawce... Skirrets.1608 G. Markham & L. Machin Dumbe Knight i. sig. B4 Roasted potatoes, or boild skerrets are your onley lofty dishes.1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 64 Skirrets..exceedingly nourishing, wholsome and delicate.1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 250 Skirrets, useful in bloody Urine, and Spitting of Blood.1772 A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) IV. i. 13 Half a pound of skirrets an ounce and a half of pure sugar.1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Kitchen Garden 33 The Skirret... A native of China, with the root composed of fleshy tubers..growing together something like a dahlia root.attributive.1727 E. Smith Compl. Housewife 115 (heading) To make a Skirret Pie.1840 W. H. Ainsworth Tower of London (1864) 85 A skirret pasty; an apple tansy; and a prodigious marrow pudding.
b. With distinctive premodifiers, as garden, wild; also applied to other species of Sium (quots. 17961, 17962).
ΚΠ
c1450 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 30 Carui agreste, wylde~schirewyt.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Chervis sauvages, wild Skirwike.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 41 To come more particularly to the garden Skirwort.
1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 42 Garden Skirrets.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 299 Sium latifolium.., Broad-leaved Skerrett. Great Water Parsnep.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 299 S. angustifolium.., Upright Water Parsnep. Narrow-leaved Skerret.
c. skirret of Peru n. Obsolete the potato.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > potato > potato plant
potato1597
skirret of Peru1597
Irish potato1664
white potato1723
Virginian potato1731
potato plant1744
potato vine1750
lady's finger1827
peach-blow1861
Chilean potato1870
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 780 This plant which is called of some Sisarum Peruuianum, or Skyrrits of Peru, is generally of vs called Potatus or Potatoes.
2. skirret-root n. the edible root of the plant Sium sisarum, or, more frequently, the plant itself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > other root vegetables
skirret1338
pease earthnut1548
skirret-root1565
rampion1573
Tragopogon1578
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
groundnut1636
sedge-root1648
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
vegetable oyster1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
yam-bean1864
tiger-nut1887
wasabi1903
ramp1946
sunchoke1955
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > other root vegetables or plants producing them
skirret-root1565
Spanish nut1597
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
sisyrinchium1629
sedge-root1648
arrowroot1681
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
native potato1833
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
tobacco-root1845
amadumbi1851
chufa1860
yam-bean1864
parsnip chervil1866
tiger-nut1887
yautia1899
wasabi1903
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Siser One kinde of it is the roote that is called Skirwike rootes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xix. v. 18 The Skirwirt root or white Parsnip, (which indeed would be written among other Physicke plants).
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxiii. 228 Skirret~roots were so sweet & delicate in ancient times, that [etc.].
1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. at Siser The skirret root.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

skirretn.2

Etymology: Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈskirret.
Freemasonry.
(See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for marking out work > [noun] > others
jointing-rule1700
tracing-pin1712
pitch-board1733
skirret1825
odontograph1838
bevelling-board1850
fencing-gauge1874
tingle1886
shadow-stick1900
1825 Republican 29 July 123 The skirret is an implement which acts on a centre pin, from whence a centre line is drawn, chalked and struck, to mark out the ground for the foundation of the intended structure.
1853 G. Oliver Dict. Symb. Masonry 339 The skirret acting on a centre pin is used to mark out the ground of a new building. As the skirret has a chalked line attached to it [etc.].
1877 K. R. H. Mackenzie Royal Masonic Cycl. 677 Skirret.—One of the working tools of a Master Mason. It is an instrument usually made of wood, shaped like the letter T, acting on a centre-pin.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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