synaesthesian.

/sɪnɪsˈθiːsɪə/

Forms: Plural synaesthesiæ /-iː/. Also synesthesia.

Etymology: modern Latin, < Greek σύν syn- prefix + stem αἰσθε- to feel, perceive, after anæsthesia.

1. Psychology.

a. A sensation in one part of the body produced by a stimulus applied to another part.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > physical sensation > a physical sensation > synaesthesia

synaesthesis1881

synaesthesia1891

1891 Cent. Dict. Synæsthesia, synesthesia, the production of a sensation located in one place when another place is stimulated.

b. Agreement of the feelings or emotions of different individuals, as a stage in the development of sympathy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > fellow feeling > [noun] > stage in development of sympathy

synaesthesia1897

1897 tr. T. A. Ribot Psychol. Emotions ii. iv. 231 If..we try to follow the evolution of sympathy..we distinguish three principal phases. The first, or physiological, consists in an agreement of motor tendencies, a synergia; the second, or psychological, consists in an agreement of the emotional states, a synæsthesia; the third, or intellectual, results from a community of representations or ideas.

c. Production, from a sense-impression of one kind, of an associated mental image of a sense-impression of another kind: see quot. 1903.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > mental image > [noun] > association of sense impressions

complication1886

synaesthesia1895

1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 90 The study of the varying forms of persisting abnormal association, usually known as ‘colored-hearing’ and ‘forms’, but grouped together by Theodore Flournoy, under the convenient name Synæsthesia, has hardly..completed the stage of scientific observation.

1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. p. xl Vestiges of the primitive undifferentiated sensitivity persist in the form of synæsthesiæ, e.g. when the hearing of an external sound carries with it, by some arbitrary association of ideas, the seeing of some form or colour.

1935 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 25 31 The most interesting phase of M's synaesthesia is the tendency to see the features of people in different colours. Her acquaintances were not only assigned particular colours, but they were remembered in terms of this colour.

1958 New Scientist 6 Feb. 29/3 Synaesthesia is not a commonly reported psychiatric symptom.

1971 Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 7/3 Synaesthesia (in his case ‘colour-hearing’) was observed among his blind patients by an English oculist.

1979 C. Priest Infinite Summer 40 In the morning my synaesthesia seemed to have receded again.

2. Literature. The use of metaphors in which terms relating to one kind of sense-impression are used to describe sense-impressions of other kinds; the production of synæsthetic effect in writing or an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > metaphor > types of metaphor

mixed metaphor1800

synaesthesia1932

1901 H. Oertel Lect. Study Lang. v. 327 The second class of metaphors which ought to receive an exhaustive treatment is the transfer of terms from one sense sphere to the other. These..are illustrated by phrases like ‘a sharp tone’, ‘loud colors’... The phenomenon of synaesthesia has received rather full treatment at the hand of the psychologists, but its reflection on language has not yet received adequate treatment by lexicographers.]

1932 G. Stern in Göteborgs Högskolas Arsskrift XXXVIII. i. 323 Synaesthesia is especially common among adjectives..but there are numerous instances of nouns..: The sound and light of sweeter songs (Swinburne).

1936 W. B. Stanford Greek Metaphor 59 Synaesthesia..amongst certain schools of poetry became almost a major element in the technique of sense-expression.

1960 E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion x. 366 What is called ‘synesthesia’, the splashing over of impressions from one sense modality to another is a fact to which all languages testify.

1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Nov. 11/1 No child who has attempted a list like Whitman's or a synesthesia like Rimbaud's or a colloquy with the sun like Frank O'Hara's is likely to forget the parent-poem.

1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1406/4 Synaesthesia is a common technique, even a theme, in his work.

1982 Notes & Queries June 194/2 The ‘inevitable’ complement to the serene synaesthesia of passages like the Hawkshead dedication.

3. Linguistics.

a. The expression of more than one kind of sense-impression in the same word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonaesthesia > synaesthesia > expression of more than one sense impression

synaesthesia1946

1946 A. G. Engstrom in Philol. Q. 25 10 Traces of synaesthesia are as clear in language as in laboratory records... Hornbostel cites a Negro tribe that has a separate word for seeing, but employs a common term for hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching.

b. The transfer of the meaning of a word from one kind of sensory experience to another.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonaesthesia > synaesthesia > transfer from one to another sense impression

synaesthesia1946

1946 S. de Ullmann in Word 2 114 What Wundt and his disciples term ‘complicative change of meaning’ is known to the vast majority of other students as ‘synesthesia’.

1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. vii. 154 By synaesthesia or intersensory transfer a word may be given a new sense.

c. The relationship between speech sounds and the sensory experiences that they represent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonaesthesia > synaesthesia

synaesthesia1956

1956 J. Whatmough Lang. x. 191 There is some evidence to indicate that synesthesia such as associates the meanings of colour and sound under a single word may extend to smaller linguistic units.

1972 R. R. K. Hartmann & F. C. Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 229/1 Synaesthesia, the association of a particular sound or group of sounds with a particular meaning, e.g. fl- in flare, flicker, flame, [etc.].

1977 Word 28 309 Phonetic symbolism, described as the appropriateness of some phonemes to nonauditory experience, falls under the general heading of synaesthesia or, in psychological terminology, crossmodal association.

1977 Word 28 309 As a result of the clustering, forced-choice testing yields congruent information not only in synesthesia studies but in phonetic symbolism and semantic differential tests as well.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	synaesthesia
释义	synaesthesian. /sɪnɪsˈθiːsɪə/ Forms: Plural synaesthesiæ /-iː/. Also synesthesia. Etymology: modern Latin, < Greek σύν syn- prefix + stem αἰσθε- to feel, perceive, after anæsthesia. 1. Psychology. a. A sensation in one part of the body produced by a stimulus applied to another part. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [noun] > physical sensation > a physical sensation > synaesthesia synaesthesis1881 synaesthesia1891 1891 Cent. Dict. Synæsthesia, synesthesia, the production of a sensation located in one place when another place is stimulated. b. Agreement of the feelings or emotions of different individuals, as a stage in the development of sympathy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > capacity for emotion > fellow feeling > [noun] > stage in development of sympathy synaesthesia1897 1897 tr. T. A. Ribot Psychol. Emotions ii. iv. 231 If..we try to follow the evolution of sympathy..we distinguish three principal phases. The first, or physiological, consists in an agreement of motor tendencies, a synergia; the second, or psychological, consists in an agreement of the emotional states, a synæsthesia; the third, or intellectual, results from a community of representations or ideas. c. Production, from a sense-impression of one kind, of an associated mental image of a sense-impression of another kind: see quot. 1903. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > mental image > [noun] > association of sense impressions complication1886 synaesthesia1895 1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 90 The study of the varying forms of persisting abnormal association, usually known as ‘colored-hearing’ and ‘forms’, but grouped together by Theodore Flournoy, under the convenient name Synæsthesia, has hardly..completed the stage of scientific observation. 1903 F. W. H. Myers Human Personality I. p. xl Vestiges of the primitive undifferentiated sensitivity persist in the form of synæsthesiæ, e.g. when the hearing of an external sound carries with it, by some arbitrary association of ideas, the seeing of some form or colour. 1935 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 25 31 The most interesting phase of M's synaesthesia is the tendency to see the features of people in different colours. Her acquaintances were not only assigned particular colours, but they were remembered in terms of this colour. 1958 New Scientist 6 Feb. 29/3 Synaesthesia is not a commonly reported psychiatric symptom. 1971 Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 7/3 Synaesthesia (in his case ‘colour-hearing’) was observed among his blind patients by an English oculist. 1979 C. Priest Infinite Summer 40 In the morning my synaesthesia seemed to have receded again. 2. Literature. The use of metaphors in which terms relating to one kind of sense-impression are used to describe sense-impressions of other kinds; the production of synæsthetic effect in writing or an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [noun] > metaphor > types of metaphor mixed metaphor1800 synaesthesia1932 1901 H. Oertel Lect. Study Lang. v. 327 The second class of metaphors which ought to receive an exhaustive treatment is the transfer of terms from one sense sphere to the other. These..are illustrated by phrases like ‘a sharp tone’, ‘loud colors’... The phenomenon of synaesthesia has received rather full treatment at the hand of the psychologists, but its reflection on language has not yet received adequate treatment by lexicographers.] 1932 G. Stern in Göteborgs Högskolas Arsskrift XXXVIII. i. 323 Synaesthesia is especially common among adjectives..but there are numerous instances of nouns..: The sound and light of sweeter songs (Swinburne). 1936 W. B. Stanford Greek Metaphor 59 Synaesthesia..amongst certain schools of poetry became almost a major element in the technique of sense-expression. 1960 E. H. Gombrich Art & Illusion x. 366 What is called ‘synesthesia’, the splashing over of impressions from one sense modality to another is a fact to which all languages testify. 1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Nov. 11/1 No child who has attempted a list like Whitman's or a synesthesia like Rimbaud's or a colloquy with the sun like Frank O'Hara's is likely to forget the parent-poem. 1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1406/4 Synaesthesia is a common technique, even a theme, in his work. 1982 Notes & Queries June 194/2 The ‘inevitable’ complement to the serene synaesthesia of passages like the Hawkshead dedication. 3. Linguistics. a. The expression of more than one kind of sense-impression in the same word. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonaesthesia > synaesthesia > expression of more than one sense impression synaesthesia1946 1946 A. G. Engstrom in Philol. Q. 25 10 Traces of synaesthesia are as clear in language as in laboratory records... Hornbostel cites a Negro tribe that has a separate word for seeing, but employs a common term for hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching. b. The transfer of the meaning of a word from one kind of sensory experience to another. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonaesthesia > synaesthesia > transfer from one to another sense impression synaesthesia1946 1946 S. de Ullmann in Word 2 114 What Wundt and his disciples term ‘complicative change of meaning’ is known to the vast majority of other students as ‘synesthesia’. 1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. vii. 154 By synaesthesia or intersensory transfer a word may be given a new sense. c. The relationship between speech sounds and the sensory experiences that they represent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonaesthesia > synaesthesia synaesthesia1956 1956 J. Whatmough Lang. x. 191 There is some evidence to indicate that synesthesia such as associates the meanings of colour and sound under a single word may extend to smaller linguistic units. 1972 R. R. K. Hartmann & F. C. Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 229/1 Synaesthesia, the association of a particular sound or group of sounds with a particular meaning, e.g. fl- in flare, flicker, flame, [etc.]. 1977 Word 28 309 Phonetic symbolism, described as the appropriateness of some phonemes to nonauditory experience, falls under the general heading of synaesthesia or, in psychological terminology, crossmodal association. 1977 Word 28 309 As a result of the clustering, forced-choice testing yields congruent information not only in synesthesia studies but in phonetic symbolism and semantic differential tests as well. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1891
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