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单词 synagogue
释义

synagoguen.

Brit. /ˈsɪnəɡɒɡ/, U.S. /ˈsɪnəˌɡɑɡ/
Forms: Middle English–1500s sinagoge, Middle English–1500s sinagog, synagog(e, (Middle English sinnagog), Middle English–1600s sinagogue, (Middle English synagod), Middle English–1500s synagogge, (1500s synagoog, 1700s sinegogg, senegog), Middle English– synagogue, (U.S.) synagog.
Etymology: < Old French sinagoge (11th cent.), modern French synagogue, or < its source late Latin synagōga , < Greek συναγωγή meeting, assembly, (in the Septuagint) synagogue, < συνάγειν to bring together, < σύν syn- prefix + ἄγειν to lead, bring.
1. The regular assembly or congregation of the Jews for religious instruction and worship apart from the service of the temple, constituting, since the destruction of the temple, their sole form of public worship; hence, the religious organization of the Jews as typified by this, the Jewish communion. Rabbinical Hebrew keneseth, from kānaṣ to collect, assemble.Great Synagogue: see great adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 1e.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > laity > congregation > [noun] > Jewish
synagoguec1175
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 Godemen wite ȝe hwet wes sinagoge on þam alde laȝe..Alswa hefden þe giwis heore sinagoge efter moises laȝe alswa we habbet nu cherche efter drihtenes laȝe and efere to þam setteres dei heo comen þa iudeisc folc..to þan sinagoge.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds ix. 2 Saul..axide of him epistlis into Damaske, to synagogis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13615 Þe Iuus..had made..A statut agains Iesum crist, If any wald him leue or lute þair synagoges suld be put vte.
?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. Aiiij The lawe of Moyses, & ye gouernaunce of ye synagoge of ye Iewes was but a shadowe of ye gouernaunce of ye vnyuersall chirche of christ.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 298 The synagoge ys called the people of the iewes, whiche had knowlege of the comynge of criste by holy prophetes.
a1873 E. O. M. Deutsch Lit. Remains (1874) 191 What was the attitude of the Synagogue towards all these elements?
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 811/2 The synagogue as an institution characteristic of Judaism arose after the work of Ezra.
1909 J. R. Harris in Contemp. Rev. Apr. 423 The time when the Christian Church had not finally elongated from the synagogue.
1929 Lit. Digest 2 Nov. 24/1 New York now has..the largest synagog in existence—the new Temple Emanu-El on a site overlooking Central Park.
1963 R. I. McDavid & D. W. Maurer Mencken's Amer. Lang. (new ed.) 491 The 1962 Style Book, p. 63 specifies the following:..synagog.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 22 May 16– a/5 Usually he was paid by the synagog and served in various capacities as rabbi, cantor, or schoolteacher.
2. transferred in hostile controversial use, often in synagogue of Satan (in allusion to Revelation ii. 9).In quots. 14641, 14642 used mistakenly, through a misunderstanding of sunt synagoga Satanæ, ‘they are the synagogue of Satan’, as a personal term of abuse.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > heresy > [noun] > person > sect
synagogue1464
1464 in Academy (1890) 23 Aug. 151/1 He..affermed that the blessed sacrament of the Auter is a grete devyll of hell, and a Sinagoge.
1464 in Academy (1890) 23 Aug. 151/1 He..affermed that oure holy Fadre, the pope of Rome, is a great best, and a devyll of hell, and a Synagoge.
1547 tr. A. de Marcourt Bk. Marchauntes (new ed.) e iij To be slayne and murdred of them, or at the least excommunicate in their sinagog.
1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. iv. f. 212v They can not be the..shining church of Christ... Wherefore it remaineth that it is the synagog of Antichrist, and Lucifer.
1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. vi. 341 b They resisting the holy Ghost..gather to the synagog of Satan.
1583 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1905) 1 37 To the comforth of them that love Hym and His Spouse the Catholique Church, and to the condemnation of so many that so willingly and wittingly join in the Sinagoge of Satan.
1649 J. Milton Observations in Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 57 By the incitement..of that unchristian Synagogue [sc. Scots Presbytery] at Belfast.
1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 433 It were to be wished, that no Arminians had..forsaken the Church of England, and took sanctuary in the Synagogue of Rome.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 11/2 Where God hath his Church, the Devil will have his Synagogue.
1874 W. P. Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 233 It is because of the name we bear that the blasphemies of hell are poured upon us. There are the ‘synagogues of Satan’, in which the blasphemous doctrines of devils are taught.
3.
a. A building or place of meeting for Jewish worship and religious instruction.Rabbinical Hebrew bēth hakkeneṣeth house of assembly.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > synagogue > [noun]
synagoguec1175
habitation1535
temple1598
church1727
shul1816
c1175 [see sense 1].
c1290 Sancta Crux 551 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 17 Þo þe rode was þare i-founde, alle þe giwes as nome And ladden as forth to heore Synagogue.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2535 To þe Synagoge wan sche cam þe dore heo haueþ oundo.
c1400 Mandeville Voiage & Travaile (1839) viii. 93 There besyde was the synagoge where the bysshoppes of Jewes and the sarrazins camen to gidere and helden here conseill.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 776/1 They tooke & sacked the Citie of Lincolne, spoyled the Iewes, and slew many of them, entred their sinagoge, and brent the boke of their lawe.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 121 Goe Tuball, and meete me at our Sinagogue . View more context for this quotation
1635 A. Stafford Femall Glory 224 All of their Religion are enjoyned in solemne Prayer made in their Sinagogues thrice every day.
1721 N. Blundell Diary (1895) 197 I was at the Jews Sinegogg by Leadon-Hall Market.
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 327/1 The New Synagogue in Great St. Helen's..has just been completed.
1876 B. Martin Messiah's Kingdom ii. iv. 82 The synagogue was modelled on the temple. Its windows looked towards the holy city.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 812/1 Synagogues were built by preference beside water for the convenience of the ceremonial ablutions.
b. transferred. A place of worship; a temple. In post-Reformation use applied disparagingly to abbeys or the like. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > [noun]
holinessc897
houseeOE
halidomc1000
ZionOE
God's houseOE
wike-tuna1250
saintuairea1300
sanctuarya1340
holy1382
entry?c1400
the Holy (Saint) Sepulchre (occasionally the Sepulchre)c1400
high placea1425
place of worship?1459
synagogue1490
God-box?1548
shrinea1577
bethela1617
prayer house1657
barn1689
bidental1692
altar1772
praying housea1843
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xiii. 46 Bothe togidre..wente the two sustres..to the synagoges and temples, where bifore the aulters thei offred sacrifices.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4467 Thies kynges..turnyt into tempull... Be counsell of the kepers..Þat serued þat Synagod.
1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. iii. i. 74 They..began that synagog [Osney Abbey] 1120, which afterward prooued to be a notable den.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 326 The Noble Family of the Berkeleys may well give an Abbots Mitre for the Crest of their Armes, because so loving their Nation, and building them so many Synagogues [cf. Luke vii. 5].
c. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trading place > market > [noun] > market-place > parts of market-place > specific
Poecile1603
synagogue1894
1894 Westm. Gaz. 31 Dec. 3/2 A large quantity of this fruit..is bought up by Jews occupying stands in Russell~street. Their quarter is known as the ‘Synagogue’.
1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Synagogue,..shed in the north-east corner of the Garden [= Covent Garden]. So called from this place (erected 1890) being wholly ‘run’ by Jews.
4. gen. An assembly: chiefly as a literalism of biblical translation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting
synagoguea1300
councilc1340
collect1382
convent1382
convocation1387
samingc1400
advocationa1425
meetingc1425
steven1481
congress1528
concion1533
conference1575
collection1609
congression1611
divan1619
rendezvous1628
comitia1631
society1712
majlis1821
get-up1826
agora1886
a1300 E.E. Psalter lxxxi[i]. 1 God stode in sinagoge of goddes ma.
a1325 Prose Psalter vii. 7 & synagoge of folke shal encumpas þe.
a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS xxiii. 650 Whos deore sone stod In þe Synagoge of goddes.
a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. B5v There are a hundred Hugonets and more, Which in the woods doe holde their synagogue.
1881 Bible (R.V.) Jas. ii. 2 If there come into your synagogue [1611 assembly] a man with a gold ring.

Compounds

General attributive and objective.
ΚΠ
1652 Pinchion (title) The Jewes Synagogue; or, a Treatise concerning The ancient Orders and manner of Worship used by the Jewes in their synagogve-Assemblies.
1652 Pinchion Jewes Synagogue To Rdr. I thought it necessary to search out, as well as I could, their Synagogue-worship, together with some of their ancient Discipline-practices.
1652 Pinchion Jewes Synagogue ii. 38 Whiles the Jews lived in their own land, their synagogue discipline did depend upon their Sanhedrin Courts.
1716 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected I. vi. 300 The second part of their synagogue-service is the reading of the scriptures.
1716 H. Prideaux Old & New Test. Connected I. vi. 301 Their ordinary synagogue days in every week were Monday, Thursday and Saturday.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 57 A praying, synagogue-frequenting, beau.
1886 C. R. Conder Syrian Stone-lore (1896) vii. 264 The style of the synagogue architecture is very like that of the Roman temples of the same age. The lion, the ram, the hare are carved on the lintels of the synagogue doors—a curious deviation from the law of Moses.
1889 Cohen & Davis (title) Voice of Prayer and Praise, a Handbook of Synagogue Music.
1910 Daily Chron. 1 Feb. 4/7 The proposal that synagogue services should be limited to an hour and a half.

Derivatives

ˈsynagogism n. /ˈsɪnəɡɒdʒɪz(ə)m//-ɡɒɡ-/ attachment to a system likened to that of the Jewish synagogue.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > laity > congregation > [noun] > Jewish > attachment to
synagogism1891
1891 W. Tuckwell in Review of Churches 12 Dec. 175/1 A generation stiffened by three centuries of conventional synagogism.
ˈsynagogist n. /ˈsɪnəɡɒdʒɪst//-ɡɒɡ-/ an adherent of the Jewish synagogue.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > person
Jewa1225
synagogistc1662
sabbatizer1683
smouse1705
smouch1765
sheeny1824
Yahudi1858
Hebraist1879
Hymie1956
SJM1975
c1662 F. Kerby in O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, & Event Bks. (1883) III. 27 The Dianists and the contradicting synagogists [cf. Acts xix. 1, 8, 9, 27, 34].
ˈsynagoging n. attendance at the synagogue.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church-going > [noun] > to synagogue
synagoging1824
1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xii. 121 The synagogin'—the tabernaclin'—the psalmin' that goes on in this hoose.
ˈsynagoguish adj. showing excessive zeal for the synagogue, fanatical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > rapture > [adjective]
frenetic?c1550
seraphical1581
frenetical1588
ecstatical1600
zealot1641
ecstatic1645
rapturous1656
vowed1665
seraphica1668
synagoguish1690
frantic?1715
solid1740
ecstasied1787
religionistic1842
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [adjective]
fanatical?1550
zealotical1630
zealot1641
zealotic1657
fanatic1659
synagoguish1690
unsaving1714
swivel-eyed1758
hobby-horsical1761
1690 T. D'Urfey Collin's Walk i. 37 Your party Synagoguish, Not half so Politique, as Roguish.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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