skimmingn.

Etymology: < skim v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈskimming.

1. That which is removed or obtained by skimming. Usually plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > scum > as removed

skimmingc1450

scumming1530

offscum1579

despumations1669

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 198 Put hyt in a panne ouer þe fuyr, & skem hyt wel as long as eny skemmyng wol aryse.

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 250 The smoake that the people reported to see and the skyminges of potts.

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1096 Apply that skimming of the air, that is, those cobwebs that are scattered in Autumn.

1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Sept. viii. 57 The Skimmings [of wheat] he also sowed by themselves.

1777 J. Cook Jrnl. 21 Feb. (1967) III. i. 66 The very dregs of the casks and skimings of the kettle they eat.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 211 The last skimmings are termed fleetings, and are generally reserved for the use of the servants.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Skimmings,..thick syrup or scum in sugar-boiling.

figurative.?1553 Respublica (1952) i. i. 4 The skimmynges, the gubbins of booties and praies.1838 W. M. Thackeray in Fraser's Mag. Mar. 353 Skimmings from ‘The Diary of George IV’.1845 Huxley in Life (1900) I. i. 14 These are but the top skimmings of these five years' living.1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst (title) The Cream of Leicestershire: Eleven seasons' skimmings; notable runs and incidents of the chase.

a. The action of removing floating matter from the surface of a liquid, etc. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > removal of scum > [noun]

fleetingc1440

scumming1611

skimming1611

despumation1617

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escumement,..a scumming, or skimming.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 252 After a short skeaming off a little of the sweet of their will.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 II. 299 The great scallop-shell is made use of in the dairies of this country for the skimming of milk.

1826 D. Booth Art of Brewing (ed. 2) 115 Repeat the skimming until no yeast rises.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 225 I..will return in the skimming of a bowie.

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. ii. §1. 65 The impurities, which are afterwards removed by skimming.

b. The practice of concealing or diverting some of one's earnings or takings to avoid paying tax on them. U.S. slang. Cf. skim v. 2d.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion

tax evasion1922

skimming1966

tax-evading1971

skim money1973

1966 Economist 10 Sept. 1023/3 The report ascribed the allegations of skimming and underworld connections to excessive zeal displayed by the department.

1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Nov. 32 The term ‘skimming’ refers to the alleged practice of some casino operators of failing to report the full amount of their gambling revenues to state and Federal tax authorities, and often distributing this unreported income to alleged secret interests in their casinos.

1970 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Mar. 13/1 A few years ago in Philadelphia, the owner of a large pizza parlour was suspected of skimming.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 23 Oct. 2/4 To correct the common practice of ‘skimming’ (underreporting the income from bingo games), the commission suggests that all states require operators to report the percentage of the take that actually goes to the intended charity.

1982 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 11/2 Charged in connection with a ‘skimming’ operation—siphoning off money to avoid tax—at a Las Vegas casino.

a. The action of reading (over) hastily.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > [noun] > skimming or browsing

skimming1711

skipping1824

browsing1836

riffling1909

skim-reading1926

riffle1951

riff1960

1711 J. Gay Present State of Wit 7 A lively instance of those Wits, who, as an Ingenious Author says, will endure but one Skimming.

1751 P. Skelton Deism Revealed (ed. 2) II. viii. 302 They run over a book with all imaginable haste [etc.]: this they call skimming.

1862 A. Helps Organization Daily Life 85 The skimming over [of the pamphlet] was effected in half an hour.

b. The action of causing to skim through the air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > throwing so as to skim

skimmingc1745

c1745 in Lees Hist. Inverness-shire (1897) xi. 169 Such loud huzzas and schimming of bonnets up into the air..was not heard of for a long time.

Compounds

C1. attributive, as skimming-gate, skimming-iron, skimming-ladle, etc.

ΚΠ

1639 in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. ix. 8 One Skiminge spoone with holes in it.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 375 They use a kind of skimming plough..having a flat share, somewhat like a mason's trowel, with two long wings projecting backwards.

1813 H. Ellis Brand's Observ. Pop. Antiq. (rev. ed.) II. 111 Mr. Douce derives it from the Skimming-Ladle.

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 14/2 When the curd is properly formed, it is cut horizontally in thin slices by the same skimming~ladle.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 578 A scum on the surface, which is removed with skimming irons.

1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 344 The pot is now lifted out..and carried to the skimming-place.

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 201 The recess..for the skimming of the metal is known as the skimming gate.

C2.

skimming net n. a fishing-net with a handle, a dip-net.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > net on pole

pout net1443

sleeching-net1665

stick net1678

scoop-net1792

shoulder net1793

skimming net1806

stoop-net1806

dip-net1858

pole net1858

scoop1865

dipping-net1867

1806 W. Clark Jrnl. 17 Apr. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1991) VII. 133 Those people have a number of buffalow robes. They have great number of Skimming nets.

1862 G. Wallich in D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. viii. 194 Taken with the skimming net.

Draft additions March 2004

Electronic copying of the data on the magnetic strip of a credit card, bank card, etc., for the purposes of fraud.

ΚΠ

1984 Business Week 15 Oct. 105/1 (heading) ‘Skimming.’.. Credit card fraud is approaching crisis proportions.

1993 Amer. Banker (Nexis) 3 Nov. 19 Watermark and Holomagnetics are intended to stop a form of credit card counterfeiting called skimming, in which counterfeiters copy data from the magnetic stripe of a card onto a fake card.

1998 Sunday Times 19 July (Money section) 3 [She] may have fallen victim to ‘skimming’. This is when a retailer acts in collusion with a fraudster and keeps a copy of the information stored on the magnetic strip after it has been swiped through the till.

2001 National Post (Canada) 13 June c3/1 Similar to an Internet virus, this next generation of skimming involves either a tiny piece of hardware slipped into the credit card machine or a tiny program unknowingly downloaded by a merchant when getting new software from his bank.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

skimmingadj.

Etymology: < skim v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈskimming.

1. Moving lightly along or close to a surface; flying in an easy gliding manner, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > [adjective] > lightly along or near a surface

brushing1596

skimminga1685

grazing?1692

shaving1895

the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > [adjective] > smoothly

skimminga1685

a1685 T. Otway Epist. to Mr. Duke in Wks. (1712) II. 358 Where skimming Swallows o'er the Surface fly.

1786 R. Burns Poems 226 Thick flies the skimming Swallow.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 7 Like skimming bees That fly and flirt about.

1859 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (new ed.) §432 We know that it is not such a skimming current as the geologist would make, which runs from one lake to another.

1894 Outing 24 223/1 The dead leaves lift and whirl as though from an earth-skimming cannon shot.

2. figurative. Touching merely the surface of a subject; not deep or thorough.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adjective] > careless, not thorough

overlyc1450

superficialc1456

sloven1532

sloven-like1569

perfunctory1592

slovenly1592

perfunctorious1599

cursory1601

cursorarya1616

slighty1619

cursitory1632

touch and go1682

passant1685

skimming1728

slapdashc1792

lax1812

slap-bang1815

slummocking1825

slobbery1832

percursory1837

slipshod1845

slip-string1854

slummocky1855

free and easy1864

unthorough1868

slurring1880

slummy1881

sploshy1881

skimmy1893

surfacy1975

drive-through1994

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 307 A bare superficial, skimming knowledge in the French.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 181 There are more ways than one of grooming a horse, as may be witnessed by the skimming and careless way in which some ploughmen do it.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 20 June 1/3 With all this light and skimming talk.

3. Serving to skim a thing over.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [adjective] > with a thin coating > forming a thin coating

skinny?1541

filmy1628

filmlike1804

skimming1843

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 211/1 The first, or ‘skimming’ coat of the covering being laid on of a thickness of ³/ ₁₆ inch.

4. Cricket. Of a bowler: that bowls the ball with a low trajectory (obsolete). Also, of a shot which carries low and fast. Cf. skimmer n. 8b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [adjective] > types of bowler

straight-armed1827

round1831

round-arm1835

lobbing1840

underhand1848

skimming1851

right arm1877

fastish1884

quick1922

quickish1939

off-spinning1955

stock bowling1976

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [adjective] > types of stroke

slashing1832

skied1868

on-side1898

agricultural1899

offside1900

skimming1930

slashed1974

1851 W. Clarke Pract. Hints Cricket in W. Bolland Cricket Notes 132 Suppose you have what I call a skimming Bowler.

1888 A. G. Steel in A. G. Steel & R. H. Lyttelton Cricket (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iii. 165 The low skimming fast bowler is generally an easy man to play.

1930 Morning Post 9 Aug. 14/1 Woolley..made a low skimming drive over the ring at long-on for 6 off S. Staples.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	skimming
释义	skimmingn. Etymology: < skim v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈskimming. 1. That which is removed or obtained by skimming. Usually plural. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > scum > as removed skimmingc1450 scumming1530 offscum1579 despumations1669 c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 198 Put hyt in a panne ouer þe fuyr, & skem hyt wel as long as eny skemmyng wol aryse. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 250 The smoake that the people reported to see and the skyminges of potts. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1096 Apply that skimming of the air, that is, those cobwebs that are scattered in Autumn. 1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Sept. viii. 57 The Skimmings [of wheat] he also sowed by themselves. 1777 J. Cook Jrnl. 21 Feb. (1967) III. i. 66 The very dregs of the casks and skimings of the kettle they eat. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 211 The last skimmings are termed fleetings, and are generally reserved for the use of the servants. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Skimmings,..thick syrup or scum in sugar-boiling. figurative.?1553 Respublica (1952) i. i. 4 The skimmynges, the gubbins of booties and praies.1838 W. M. Thackeray in Fraser's Mag. Mar. 353 Skimmings from ‘The Diary of George IV’.1845 Huxley in Life (1900) I. i. 14 These are but the top skimmings of these five years' living.1883 E. Pennell-Elmhirst (title) The Cream of Leicestershire: Eleven seasons' skimmings; notable runs and incidents of the chase. 2. a. The action of removing floating matter from the surface of a liquid, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > removal of scum > [noun] fleetingc1440 scumming1611 skimming1611 despumation1617 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escumement,..a scumming, or skimming. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 252 After a short skeaming off a little of the sweet of their will. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 II. 299 The great scallop-shell is made use of in the dairies of this country for the skimming of milk. 1826 D. Booth Art of Brewing (ed. 2) 115 Repeat the skimming until no yeast rises. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 225 I..will return in the skimming of a bowie. 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. ii. §1. 65 The impurities, which are afterwards removed by skimming. b. The practice of concealing or diverting some of one's earnings or takings to avoid paying tax on them. U.S. slang. Cf. skim v. 2d. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion tax evasion1922 skimming1966 tax-evading1971 skim money1973 1966 Economist 10 Sept. 1023/3 The report ascribed the allegations of skimming and underworld connections to excessive zeal displayed by the department. 1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Nov. 32 The term ‘skimming’ refers to the alleged practice of some casino operators of failing to report the full amount of their gambling revenues to state and Federal tax authorities, and often distributing this unreported income to alleged secret interests in their casinos. 1970 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Mar. 13/1 A few years ago in Philadelphia, the owner of a large pizza parlour was suspected of skimming. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 23 Oct. 2/4 To correct the common practice of ‘skimming’ (underreporting the income from bingo games), the commission suggests that all states require operators to report the percentage of the take that actually goes to the intended charity. 1982 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 11/2 Charged in connection with a ‘skimming’ operation—siphoning off money to avoid tax—at a Las Vegas casino. 3. a. The action of reading (over) hastily. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > [noun] > skimming or browsing skimming1711 skipping1824 browsing1836 riffling1909 skim-reading1926 riffle1951 riff1960 1711 J. Gay Present State of Wit 7 A lively instance of those Wits, who, as an Ingenious Author says, will endure but one Skimming. 1751 P. Skelton Deism Revealed (ed. 2) II. viii. 302 They run over a book with all imaginable haste [etc.]: this they call skimming. 1862 A. Helps Organization Daily Life 85 The skimming over [of the pamphlet] was effected in half an hour. b. The action of causing to skim through the air. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > throwing so as to skim skimmingc1745 c1745 in Lees Hist. Inverness-shire (1897) xi. 169 Such loud huzzas and schimming of bonnets up into the air..was not heard of for a long time. Compounds C1. attributive, as skimming-gate, skimming-iron, skimming-ladle, etc. ΚΠ 1639 in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. ix. 8 One Skiminge spoone with holes in it. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 375 They use a kind of skimming plough..having a flat share, somewhat like a mason's trowel, with two long wings projecting backwards. 1813 H. Ellis Brand's Observ. Pop. Antiq. (rev. ed.) II. 111 Mr. Douce derives it from the Skimming-Ladle. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 14/2 When the curd is properly formed, it is cut horizontally in thin slices by the same skimming~ladle. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 578 A scum on the surface, which is removed with skimming irons. 1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 344 The pot is now lifted out..and carried to the skimming-place. 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 201 The recess..for the skimming of the metal is known as the skimming gate. C2. skimming net n. a fishing-net with a handle, a dip-net. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > net on pole pout net1443 sleeching-net1665 stick net1678 scoop-net1792 shoulder net1793 skimming net1806 stoop-net1806 dip-net1858 pole net1858 scoop1865 dipping-net1867 1806 W. Clark Jrnl. 17 Apr. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1991) VII. 133 Those people have a number of buffalow robes. They have great number of Skimming nets. 1862 G. Wallich in D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands ii. viii. 194 Taken with the skimming net. Draft additions March 2004 Electronic copying of the data on the magnetic strip of a credit card, bank card, etc., for the purposes of fraud. ΚΠ 1984 Business Week 15 Oct. 105/1 (heading) ‘Skimming.’.. Credit card fraud is approaching crisis proportions. 1993 Amer. Banker (Nexis) 3 Nov. 19 Watermark and Holomagnetics are intended to stop a form of credit card counterfeiting called skimming, in which counterfeiters copy data from the magnetic stripe of a card onto a fake card. 1998 Sunday Times 19 July (Money section) 3 [She] may have fallen victim to ‘skimming’. This is when a retailer acts in collusion with a fraudster and keeps a copy of the information stored on the magnetic strip after it has been swiped through the till. 2001 National Post (Canada) 13 June c3/1 Similar to an Internet virus, this next generation of skimming involves either a tiny piece of hardware slipped into the credit card machine or a tiny program unknowingly downloaded by a merchant when getting new software from his bank. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). skimmingadj. Etymology: < skim v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈskimming. 1. Moving lightly along or close to a surface; flying in an easy gliding manner, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > [adjective] > lightly along or near a surface brushing1596 skimminga1685 grazing?1692 shaving1895 the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > motion in the air > [adjective] > smoothly skimminga1685 a1685 T. Otway Epist. to Mr. Duke in Wks. (1712) II. 358 Where skimming Swallows o'er the Surface fly. 1786 R. Burns Poems 226 Thick flies the skimming Swallow. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 7 Like skimming bees That fly and flirt about. 1859 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (new ed.) §432 We know that it is not such a skimming current as the geologist would make, which runs from one lake to another. 1894 Outing 24 223/1 The dead leaves lift and whirl as though from an earth-skimming cannon shot. 2. figurative. Touching merely the surface of a subject; not deep or thorough. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adjective] > careless, not thorough overlyc1450 superficialc1456 sloven1532 sloven-like1569 perfunctory1592 slovenly1592 perfunctorious1599 cursory1601 cursorarya1616 slighty1619 cursitory1632 touch and go1682 passant1685 skimming1728 slapdashc1792 lax1812 slap-bang1815 slummocking1825 slobbery1832 percursory1837 slipshod1845 slip-string1854 slummocky1855 free and easy1864 unthorough1868 slurring1880 slummy1881 sploshy1881 skimmy1893 surfacy1975 drive-through1994 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 307 A bare superficial, skimming knowledge in the French. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 181 There are more ways than one of grooming a horse, as may be witnessed by the skimming and careless way in which some ploughmen do it. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 20 June 1/3 With all this light and skimming talk. 3. Serving to skim a thing over. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [adjective] > with a thin coating > forming a thin coating skinny?1541 filmy1628 filmlike1804 skimming1843 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 211/1 The first, or ‘skimming’ coat of the covering being laid on of a thickness of ³/ ₁₆ inch. 4. Cricket. Of a bowler: that bowls the ball with a low trajectory (obsolete). Also, of a shot which carries low and fast. Cf. skimmer n. 8b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [adjective] > types of bowler straight-armed1827 round1831 round-arm1835 lobbing1840 underhand1848 skimming1851 right arm1877 fastish1884 quick1922 quickish1939 off-spinning1955 stock bowling1976 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [adjective] > types of stroke slashing1832 skied1868 on-side1898 agricultural1899 offside1900 skimming1930 slashed1974 1851 W. Clarke Pract. Hints Cricket in W. Bolland Cricket Notes 132 Suppose you have what I call a skimming Bowler. 1888 A. G. Steel in A. G. Steel & R. H. Lyttelton Cricket (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iii. 165 The low skimming fast bowler is generally an easy man to play. 1930 Morning Post 9 Aug. 14/1 Woolley..made a low skimming drive over the ring at long-on for 6 off S. Staples. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450adj.a1685
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