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单词 halo
释义

halon.

Brit. /ˈheɪləʊ/, U.S. /ˈheɪloʊ/
Forms: Also 1500s halon, 1600s–1700s in Latin form halos. Plural haloes, halos (also 1800s halones).
Etymology: = French halo, Italian alone, Spanish halon, < Latin halōs, < Greek ἅλως threshing floor, disk of the sun, moon, or a shield. The Romanic forms imply a Latin type *halo, -ōnem, which is also used in modern Latin.
1.
a. A circle of light, either white or prismatically coloured, seen round a luminous body and caused by the refraction of light through vapour; spec. that seen round the sun or moon, commonly of 22 or 46 degrees radius, with the red extremity of the spectrum inside the circle.The definite size of halos and the arrangement of their prismatic colours distinguish them from coronæ, which are phenomena of diffraction, varying in size and having the red outside: see corona n.1 1. But the two words are often treated as synonymous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aureole
circlea1123
hale1440
brough1496
burrow1499
halo1563
shine1581
burr1631
broucha1657
glory1693
aureole1858
Scheiner's halo1983
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 34 The Circle caled Halon, is a garland of diuerse collours that is seen about the sunne, the Moone, or any other sterre.
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 36 Halone is seen aboute candelles, in smoky places, as are bathes & kychenes.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1202 Rainbowes, haloes or garlands about the Sunne, Moone, etc.
1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi v. §2. 134 This appearance is commonly called Halo; and the matter or subject of it is a cloud.
1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck i. 8 A mighty Halo round the lucid Sphere, Cross'd and divided, did on high appear.
1813 T. I. M. Forster Res. Atmosph. Phænom. ii. 75 A double halo is not a very common occurrence... Simple halones are generally about 45° in diameter... Triple halones are extremely rare occurrences.
1860 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 568 The halos... In summer..announce rain; in winter, thaw.
b. Applied to other circular luminous appearances; hence, by extension, to other things in the form of a circle or ring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > [noun] > ring or sphere of
ringeOE
photosphere1664
armilla1675
halo1813
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 6 That [light] which, bursting from the Fairy's form, Spread a purpureal halo round the scene.
1844 A. B. Welby Poems (1867) 33 The sunlight round thy mossy cell A golden halo weaves.
1881 D. G. Rossetti House of Life ii When Death's nuptial change Leaves us for light the halo of his hair.
c. A coloured circle, such as those around the nipples, and those which surround vesicles or pustules; = areola n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > mark on skin > [noun]
markOE
lineationa1398
areola1706
halo1706
Mongolian spot1907
triradius1960
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Halo, or Halos..also a reddish Spot or Circle of Flesh which encompasses each Nipple in the Breasts of Women.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 616 Eruption of minute, acuminated vesicles..occasionally surrounded by a blushing halo.
1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) ii. xv. 352 An ulcer of the cornea..its margin is surrounded by a slight halo of lymph.
d. plural. The rings of lighter and darker colour, usually concentric, in the yolk of an egg, the result of its deposition in successive layers.
ΚΠ
1886 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon
e. A style in women's hats (worn at the back of the head with the brim thus framing the face). Also attributive and in other combinations, as halo-brim(med), hat, style, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > shape, style, or fashion of > types of
marquise1896
halo1899
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [adjective] > hat > having a brim > other > style of
halo1899
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [adjective] > hat > having a brim > other
narrow-brimmed1711
curly-brimmed1890
poke-brimmed1899
halo1934
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > worn in specific way
slouched hat1779
halo1935
1899 Daily News 22 Apr. 8/4 Some of the new models [sc. hats] are intended to be put on in the halo style.
1903 Daily Chron. 24 Oct. 8/4 The hat makes a halo in front.
1934 Times 22 June 17/4 A brown halo hat.
1935 Times 17 June 11/3 Felt halos are made with a velvet cap in front, and cost 3½ guineas.
1935 Times 2 Oct. 17/4 A pale blue halo-brimmed hat.
1952 E. Grierson Reputation for Song xxvii. 244 Laura..wore a little black halo-hat to frame her pallid face.
f. A more or less circular bright or dark area formed in various photographic processes (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [noun] > other qualities and effects
ghost1851
solarization1853
flare1867
bronzing1868
ghost image1872
shine1880
orthochromatism1889
false image1892
flare-spot1893
halo1941
acutance1952
1941 Amer. Speech 16 316/2 Halo, the effect obtained in portraiture when a strong back-light is used.
1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production iii. 49 Haloes (throw-off). A black aureole surrounding an over-bright high-contrast area, and obliterating the nearby picture.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes 541 Halo, a luminous circle or aura around the halftone dot.
2. The circle or disk of light with which the head is surrounded in representations of Christ and the Saints; a nimbus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > representation of god(s) > halo or nimbus
hornbeam1582
nimbus1606
halo1646
nimbe1830
nimb1849
society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > [noun] > celestial crown of
aureolec1220
aureola1483
glory1646
halo1646
nimbus1728
Gloria1784
nimbe1830
gloriole1844
nimb1849
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica v. viii. 247 Our Saviour, and the Virgin Mary..are commonly drawne with scintillations, or radiant Halo's about their head. View more context for this quotation
1870 F. M. Müller Chips from German Workshop III. vii. 186 Few saints, if any, did deserve their halo better than St. Louis.
3. figurative. The ideal glory with which a person or thing is invested when viewed under the influence of feeling or sentiment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > [noun]
athelc885
highnesseOE
brightnessOE
thrumOE
worshipOE
highship?c1225
nobleyec1300
pridec1330
realtya1375
rialtya1375
greatnessc1384
nobletya1387
magnificencec1390
regalya1393
greatheada1400
hautesse1399
lordliness1440
celsitudec1450
excelsitudec1470
state1488
princeliness1545
kingliness1548
royalty1548
amplitudec1550
grandity1589
grandeur1600
glory1613
majesticalness1613
augusteity1615
grandezza1629
augustness1644
raisedness1645
celsity1656
splendidnessa1657
grandness1663
exaltedness1730
halo1813
queenliness1831
aureole1852
magnateship1916
1813 Ld. Byron Giaour (new ed.) 5 Expression's last receding ray, A gilded halo hovering round decay!
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 207 Encircled by a halo of literary glory.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. xii. 690 That halo which time had thrown round the oldest monarchy in Europe.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 390 Hagiographers have of course surrounded him with a halo of sanctity and miracle.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
halo-zone n.
ΚΠ
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust (Boston ed.) II. i. ii. 12 The highest virtue, like a halo-zone Circles the Emperor's head.
b.
halo-bright adj.
halo-girt adj.
ΚΠ
1833 R. Browning Pauline 320 Halo-girt with fancies of my own.
halo-like adj.
ΚΠ
1845 H. B. Hirst Poems 132 A glory dances Halo-like around her.
C2.
halo blight n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > associated with food or crop plants
fire blight1742
apple blight1835
pear blight1854
leaf scald1870
ring rot1875
angular leaf spot1896
blackarm1902
Moko1913
halo blight1920
1920 C. Elliott in Jrnl. Agric. Res. 19 139 This ‘halo-blight’ is a disease which occurs to at least some extent each year throughout the oat-growing sections of the central and eastern States.
1930 W. H. Burkholder in Mem. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station No. 127. 37 The most striking symptom [of Phytomonas medicaginis phaseolicola] arises from a local infection, and is the spot to which Miss Hedges has applied the term halo blight.
1954 A. G. L. Hellyer Encycl. Garden Work 115 Halo blight, a disease of beans also sometimes known as halo spot.
1955 Sci. Amer. June 83 Bacterial blight of beans..embraces a group of diseases: common blight, fuscous blight and halo blight, each caused by a different bacterium.
1971 M. Noble in J. H. Western Dis. Crop Plants iii. 33 In New South Wales an inspection scheme for bean (Phaseolus) seed has been in operation..for control of halo blight.
1971 J. Colhoun in J. H. Western Dis. Crop Plants x. 211 Halo blight of oats..is not regarded as constituting an economic problem in the British Isles.
halo effect n. Psychology the favourable bias in interviews, intelligence tests, and the like generated by an atmosphere of approbation; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > act of testing > [noun] > sympathy between tester and subject > favourable atmosphere
halo effect1938
1926 E. H. Magson in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Monogr. Suppl. 9 89 It must be pointed out that it is quite unnecessary to employ a new technical term such as ‘halo’ or ‘aura’ to cover these cases.]
1938 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Jan. 285 Such general impressions, often called ‘halo effects’, have already been noted to affect the diagnosis of personal qualities.
1940 R. S. Woodworth Psychol. (ed. 12) v. 143 Another error [in rating intelligence tests] is known as the ‘halo effect’. If an individual creates a favourable impression by his excellence in one trait, you are apt to rate him near the top in every trait.
1967 Guardian 20 Dec. 1/6 Mrs. Castle..agreed that the new Act had a ‘halo’ effect in that it made drivers more careful.
halo spot n. either of two bacterial diseases caused by species of Pseudomonas, P. coronafaciens affecting oats, and P. phaseolicola affecting beans of the genus Phaseolus; characterized by brown spots surrounded by yellowish-green rings on leaves.
ΚΠ
1928 Jrnl. Agric. Res. 1 Mar. 428 Halo spot is known to occur in Georgia, Florida, and Connecticut.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

halov.

Etymology: < halo n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈhalo.
transitive. To surround, encompass, or invest with a halo. literal and figurative. Also with round.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [verb (transitive)] > aureole
halo1801
enhalo1842
society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > cause to be as saint [verb (transitive)] > provide with halo
halo1801
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] > surround with > with or as with a halo
halo1801
aureole1888
1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. ix. 171 The fire That haloed round his saintly brow.
1832 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 31 176 The burning light with which Minerva haloed his head.
1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders I. xiii. 244 The two lamps of a carriage, haloed by the fog.

Derivatives

ˈhaloing n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1880 R. Georgehill Voices in Solitude 14 The Spring..with a haloing rainbow crowns her head.
1967 Gloss. Paper/Ink Terms for Letterpress Printing (B.S.I.) 9 Haloing, the appearance of vehicle from the ink round half-tone dots or characters.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

> see also

also refers to : halo-comb. form1
also refers to : halo-comb. form2
<
n.1563v.1801
see also
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