shaden.
/ʃeɪd/, U.S. /ʃeɪd/ I. Comparative darkness.
1. † b. shade of death n. = shadow of death at shadow n. 1b.
a. Partial or comparative darkness; absence of complete illumination; esp. the comparative darkness caused by a more or less opaque object intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > shadow
shadea1000
shadowa1220
scug1513
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade
shadea1000
shadowa1375
umber1382
umbrage1426
umbrage1541
shrouda1586
umbracle1609
umbra1638
a1000 Solomon & Saturn 116 Hydeð hine æghwylc æfter sceades sciman.
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 18 Thou Polymya..that..Singest with vois memorial in the shade Vnder the laurer.
?c1400 J. Lydgate Æsop's Fab. (Trin.) i. 84 [Cock-crow] Causeþ merchauntys and pylgryms to be glad, The theuys swerde hyd vndyr þe shad.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 26 Let vs be Dianaes forresters, gentlemen of the shade . View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xx, in Poems 10 In twilight shade of tangled thickets.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 177 The night begins to fall, A solid shade, immense.
1791–2 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 98 Aloft, here, half a village shines arrayed In golden light; half hides itself in shade.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho IV. x. 193 The pensive shade of twilight was pleasing to her.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. Prol. p. v The shade of the long aisles.
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. ix. 221 The lady stood in the shade.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Epil. 209 And touch with shade the bridal doors, With tender gloom the roof, the wall. View more context for this quotation
1870 D. G. Rossetti Last Confession 253 As when a bird flies low Between the water and the willow leaves, And the shade quivers till he wins the light.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > intense darkness
shadow of deathc1050
pitchiness1598
shade of deatha1616
pitch darkness1769
OE Crist I 118 Synnum bifealdne deorc deaþes sceadu dreogan sceoldan.]
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 54.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 89 But darknesse, and the gloomy shade of death Inuiron you. View more context for this quotation
c. figurative. Comparative obscurity. Chiefly in phrases, to be in the shade, to be in retirement, to be little known; to cast, throw into the shade, put into the shade, to obscure by contrast of superior brilliancy, to surpass so as to render insignificant.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > obscurity or ingloriousness > [noun]
obscurity1578
eclipse1598
ingloriousnessa1631
deliquium1648
shade1650
incelebrity1813
notelessness1830
obscureness1873
Palookaville?1954
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > position
shade1650
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [noun] > relative state
shade1650
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame
shamec1400
to put down1494
extinguish1551
stain1557
overshadow1581
cloud1582
defacea1592
shend1596
to lay up1601
to shine down1623
dazzle1643
umbrage1647
foila1687
efface1717
eclipse1718
shade?1748
put into the shade1796
to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819
to put to shame1854
to leave (a person) standing1864
to lay over1869
blanket1884
upstage1921
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > obscurity or ingloriousness > be or become obscure [verb (intransitive)]
eclipsec1430
to be in the shade1806
to crawl (back) into the woodwork1964
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > be or become unknown [verb (intransitive)]
to grow out of (a person's) knowledge1490
to be in the shade1806
1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico i. 3 Though I am a stranger to the Court and Camp, a man..of the shade, yet [etc.].
1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 74 They throw the light on one side only of their case; though..the other side which is kept in the shade, has it's importance too.
1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 556 I have chosen to remain in the shade.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xiii. 219 Hast thou..sought refuge from oppression in the shade of the convent?
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xliv. 86 Adeline would throw into the shade..Their sort of half profession.
1852 Beck's Florist 229 Young's Crimson King..puts all other bedding varieties into the shade.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. v. 50 How can we see a man's brilliant qualities if he is what we call in the shade?
1884 Manch. Examiner 2 May 4/7 Internal taxation..is so excessive in other Portuguese colonies as to cast even an illiberal tariff into the shade.
1884 R. W. Church Bacon iii. 68 Bacon still remained in the shade.
d. transferred. A fleeting look of displeasure, a ‘cloud’ on a person's brow or countenance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > look of displeasure
shade1817
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > [noun]
anlethOE
cheerc1225
countenancec1330
facec1330
visage1338
frontc1374
vult?a1400
maid facec1450
walte1524
facies1565
museau1816
shade1817
coupon1962
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. xii. 286 The whole countenance loses its sterner shades, and becomes serene and placid.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. iv. 38 A shade came over her forehead.
1879 E. K. Bates Egyptian Bonds I. viii. 183 A shade of annoyance crosses his face.
2. In plural.
a. the shades (of night, of evening, etc.): the darkness of night; the growing darkness after sunset. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > darkness of night
nightOE
murk nightc1300
shadowsa1382
night-shade1558
the shades (of night, of evening, etc.)1582
owl-light1599
black1683
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 65 Watrye shaads Aurora remooued.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 171 To dwel in solemne shades of endlesse night. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 20 O night and shades How are yee joyn'd with hell in triple knot.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 1015 The Fiend..fled Murmuring, and with him fled the shades of night . View more context for this quotation
1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 12 Sin spread once again the Shades of Night.
1717 A. Pope Corr. Sept. (1956) I. 430 The Shades of the Evening overtook me.
1744 M. Akenside Pleasures Imagination ii. 6 How faint, How slow, the dawn of Beauty and of Truth, Breaks the reluctant shades of gothic night.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles iii. xx. 107 The shades come down—the day is shut.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. vii. 243 The thick shades of Night are falling.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Shabby Genteel Story vii The shades of evening had by this time fallen upon the quiet city.
1841 H. W. Longfellow Excelsior 1.
b. the shades: the darkness of the nether world; the abode of the dead, Hades. (Often indistinguishable from the collective plural of sense 6).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > darkness of the underworld
the shades1594
the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > in classical mythology
helleOE
Acherona1393
the shadows1490
Tartara1525
Tartarus1586
Tartaryc1588
the shades1594
Hades1599
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iii. i. 107 When shall this soule of mine Come visite thee in the Elisian shades?
1601 T. Campion in P. Rosseter Bk. of Ayres i. xx. sig. G When thou must home to shades of vnder ground.
1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Job (1648) xxxiv. 50 No mufling Clouds, nor Shades Infernall, can From his inquiry hide offending Man.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 349 Sent by great Ajax to the Shades of Hell.
1749 T. Smollett Regicide v. ii. 68 Then let our Swords..Dismiss him to the Shades.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. vi. 6 And e'en for change of scene would seek the shades below.
1907 A. Quiller-Couch Introd. to Coleridge's Poems 1 After a third attempt to embrace his mother in the Shades.
c. Applied to the condition of the present life in contrast to that of heaven.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > present life
worldeOE
this lifeOE
world-lifeOE
sithea1225
journey?c1225
pilgrimagec1384
weeping-dalec1400
valec1446
peregrinationc1475
scene1662
shades1816
earth life1842
macro-world1968
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 53 Us poor dwellers in the woeful shades Of mortal being.
3.
a. Drawing and Painting. Absence of complete illumination as represented pictorially; the parts, or a particular part, of a picture which represent this; the darker colour expressing absence of illumination. Often in light and shade.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun] > shade
shadow1486
dark1653
shade1662
obscure1814
penumbra1826
lowlights1842
cast shadow1849
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura i. 89 Perel has discovered a particular talent for Landskips, if not a little exceeded in the darknesse of his shades.
1710 C. Whitworth Acct. Russia (1758) 40 Miserable paintings without shade or perspective.
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory iii. 86 Deliniate the Outlines or Capital Strokes, and where the Shades appear soft, work them.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 62 Streaks of Verde antico inlaid by way of shades.
1768 W. Gilpin Ess. Prints (1781) 158 The whole is in dark shade, except three figures on the fore-ground.
1779 Mirror No. 48. ⁋10 By the distribution of light and shade, to make every figure stand out from the canvas.
1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Purgatorio xii. 29 What master of the pencil or the style Had traced the shades and lines.
1840 G. C. Lewis tr. K. O. Müller Hist. Lit. Anc. Greece I. xi. §2 He contemplates it as the shade in a picture.
1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 112 A good contrast of light and shade.
b. transferred and figurative. In various applications: those portions of a story, a literary work, or the like, which are designedly less brilliant in effect than others; the less praiseworthy features of a character, the sadder portions of a person's history, etc. light and shade: in a literary work, a musical performance, or the like, the contrast necessary to artistic effect, of passages of lighter and graver tone, or of greater and less brilliancy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [noun] > vicissitude > vicissitudes
light and shade1733
up and down1775
twists and turns1853
Snakes and Ladders1930
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > contrariety [phrase] > the two sides or one thing and its opposite
chalk1393
cross and pilec1450
spring and fall1578
light and shade1733
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 111 The Lights and Shades, whose well-accorded Strife Gives all the Strength and Colour of our Life.
1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) ii. 80 The shades which were in his private conduct, are to be forgotten.
1818 T. Busby Gram. Music 480 The Voluntary, like the Organ Concerto, should have its lights and shades.
1913 N.E.D. at Shade Mod. (Conductor loq.) You must be careful of your light and shade in this passage.
c. Entomology. An ill-defined patch of darker colour on the wing of a moth.In recent dictionaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > member of (moth) > parts of > dark patch on wings
shade1869
1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 415 The hind margin is chiefly occupied by a darker band-like shade.
1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 417 The discoidal spots are green,..the reniform having..a gray-brown shade on the median area.
4.
a. Degree of darkness or depth of colour; hence, any of the many minutely differing varieties of quality that may exist in what is broadly considered as one and the same colour; a tint.By chromatologists (after Clerk Maxwell, Sci. Papers 1890 I. 131) the word is used in a more restricted sense, distinguished from hue and tint. Two varieties of a mixed colour (e.g. lilac) differ in shade when one is lighter or darker than the other; in hue when the one is more red more blue, etc., than the other; and in tint when the one is more or less decided in colour than the other. For a different distinction see quot. 1879.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone
shadowing1580
shade1690
key1713
nuance1823
colour tone1853
colour value1857
hue1857
neutral1859
shadow-script1898
value1902
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. iii. 47 Colours, as white, red, yellow, blue; with their several Degrees or Shades, and Mixtures.
1784 J. Wedgwood in Philos. Trans. 1783 (Royal Soc.) 73 285 Darker or lighter shades of black and brown.
1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 274 Various shades of rose, violet, and dark red.
1879 Pole in Nature 6 Nov. 15/2 (note) In technical language mixtures of a colour with white are called tints, with black, shades.
1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines xix My stubbly hair came out of the treasure cave about three shades greyer than it went in.
b. transferred and figurative. A minutely differentiated degree or variety (of a quality, a condition, meaning, etc.). Often adverbial with comparatives, a shade better, shadeless, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > minute difference in degree, etc. or shade
shade1749
shading1775
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas III. ix. ii. 192 He put, to use the expression, different shades of consideration in the civilities he shewed.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xviii. 89 Among the different branches of the human race, the Sarmatians form a very remarkable shade.
1820 J. W. Croker Diary 2 Feb. The King is a shade better.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table ix. 245 I drew my chair a shade nearer to her.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. v. 13 Men of all shades of opinion..combined against him.
c. A tinge, a minute qualifying infusion (of some quality); colloquially, a minute quantity or portion added or removed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace
specec1330
taste1390
lisounc1400
savourc1400
smatcha1500
smell?a1505
spice1531
smack1539
shadow1586
surmise1586
relish1590
tang1593
touch1597
stain1609
tincture1612
dasha1616
soula1616
twanga1640
whiff1644
haut-goût1650
casta1661
stricturea1672
tinge1736
tinct1752
vestige1756
smattering1764
soupçon1766
smutch1776
shade1791
suspicion1809
lineament1811
trait1815
tint1817
trace1827
skiff1839
spicing1844
smudgea1871
ghost1887
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > that which is added as an ingredient > a small admixture of something
eye1567
tinge1736
shade1888
1791 E. Burke Appeal New to Old Whigs 6 Without any shade of sorrow.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 313 There was now in his conduct a shade of lunacy.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xi. 290 I..was unwilling to accept an observation of such importance with a shade of doubt attached to it.
1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge III. l. 257 A touch of pity, just the merest shade, but still a touch, crept into those threatening eyes.
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 194 Up came Whitworth's highly scientific foreman to tell the American that in their shop they did not work to ‘shades’, but to measurement.
II. A shadow, image, or phantom, and related uses.
5.
a. A dark figure ‘cast’ upon a surface by a body intercepting light, a shadow. Now dialect and poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > a shadow
shadeOE
scuc1400
adumbration1531
OE Exodus 113 Blace stodon ofer sceotendum scire leoman; scinon scyldhreoðan, sceado swiðredon.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 179 Zuich uolk is y-lich þe horse þet heþ drede of his ssede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20883 Petre..A ded he quickend wit his schade.
c1400 Pety Job 308 in 26 Pol. Poems 131 And thus I chaunge in euery shoure, And fle away ryght as a shade.
1561 W. Kethe in Sc. Psalter xc. v They are..euen lyke a slepe or shade.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 122 You see likewise in this very Figure, that the oblique, and direct shades o u x y are caused by the cathetus m t n.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 80. ⁋2 After a few hours, we see the shades lengthen.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 371 And when she woke the shades were lengthening.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxi. 8 I saw you kissing his shade.
b. figurative. An unsubstantial image of something real; an unreal appearance; something that has only a fleeting existence, or that has become reduced almost to nothing; = shadow n. 6. Now only poetic or rhetorical. Also, with strengthened hyperbole, the shadow of a shade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > something lacking substance > mere appearance or image of something
shadow?c1225
shade1297
phantomc1384
moonshine1468
fume1531
show1547
eggs in moonshine?1558
smoke1559
sign1597
ghost1613
umbra1635
parhelion1636
bogle1793
simulacrum1805
phantasmagoria1821
spectre1849
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2330 Þe king nas him sulf bote as a ssade & let im worþe al out.
a1300 Sarmun xxxviii, in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 5 Man-is lif nis bot a schade nov he is and nov he nis.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 77 Holy wryt þet hise clepeþ leazinges and ssed and metinges and uanites.
c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxxix. iv They are but shades, not true things where we live.
1591–2 Rob Stene's Dream (1836) 3 A sched, but substance, and no moir.
1664 S. Crossman in Palmer Bk. Praise (1865) 166 My life's a shade, my days Apace to death decline.
a1771 T. Gray Agrippina in Poems (1775) 129 The consulate, that empty shade Of long-forgotten liberty.
1814 S. T. Coleridge To Lady with Falconer's ‘Shipwreck’ vi Remembrances of Friend, Or absent or no more! Shades of the Past, Which Love makes substance!
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 288 I am a member of the suffering and episcopal church of Scotland—the shadow of a shade now, and fortunately so.
1874 A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 185 We die..And shades, we hunt some shade of our desire.
c. transferred. An inseparable follower or companion. poetic. nonce-use. Cf. shadow n. 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > other types of companion
consenter1303
pew-fellow1533
bander1563
intercommoner1567
convenera1572
compeer1574
copemate1593
coherent1598
minion1598
barnacle1607
intercommuner1620
shade1667
dangler1728
rafiq1783
esquire1824
Sancho1870
tag-along1961
homeboy1965
bredda1969
arm piece1975
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 249 Thou my Shade Inseparable must with mee along. View more context for this quotation
6.
a. The visible but impalpable form of a dead person, a ghost. Also, a disembodied spirit, an inhabitant of Hades (= Latin umbra); chiefly with allusion to pagan mythology. Often collective plural, the shades: the world of disembodied spirits, Hades (cf. sense 2b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > spirit of deceased person
ghosteOE
soulOE
spiritc1384
lemurc1580
shade1616
angel1787
shen1847
dybbuk1877
1616 W. Mure Misc. Poems xvii. 26 Glorefied amidst the schads dewyne.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 144 The Youth assay'd To stop her flight, and strain the flying Shade . View more context for this quotation
1724 A. Ramsay Vision in Ever Green I. xxviii And all as saft and gay appeird As ane Elysion shed.
1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 3 Where grateful Science still adores Her Henry's holy Shade.
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 85 Lucian..allows only a foot to each of the shades.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 299 Peace to his hallowed shade!
1879 C. F. Keary Dawn of Hist. x. 149 A journey after death to reach the home of shades.
b. A spectre, phantom. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun]
soulOE
huea1000
ghostOE
fantasyc1325
spiritc1350
phantomc1384
phantasmc1430
haunterc1440
shadowa1464
appearance1488
wraith1513
hag1538
spoorn1584
vizarda1591
life-in-death1593
phantasma1598
umbra1601
larve1603
spectre1605
spectrum1611
apparitiona1616
shadea1616
shapea1616
showa1616
idolum1619
larva1651
white hat?1693
zumbi1704
jumbie1764
duppy1774
waff1777
zombie1788
Wild Huntsman1796
spook1801
ghostie1810
hantua1811
preta1811
bodach1814
revenant1823
death-fetch1826
sowlth1829
haunt1843
night-bat1847
spectrality1850
thivish1852
beastie1867
ghost soul1869
barrow-wight1891
resurrect1892
waft1897
churel1901
comeback1908
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 37 Fairies blacke, gray, greene, and white, You Moone-shine reuellers, and shades of night. View more context for this quotation
c. Originally, in humorous invocation of the spirit of a deceased person, as likely to be horrified or amazed by some action or occurrence. Now usually in plural and no longer exclusively in humorous use. Also loosely, with reference to some person or thing in the past of which a present event is reminiscent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > [noun] > spirit of deceased person > in humorous invocation
shade1818
1818 T. Moore Fudge Family in Paris (ed. 4) 167 Oh, shade of the Cheesemonger! [Note One of the Fancy, who..was killed..at Waterloo.]
1863 W. Phillips Speeches i. 8 Shades of Hugh Peters and John Cotton, save us from such pulpits!
1866 A. Wynter Our Social Bees 2nd Ser. 96 Shade of my aunt! why, her Dresden china poodle dog cost more money.
1899 R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. xviii. 183 Shade of Tilda! not a bud but would outvalue your entire stock.
1928 H. Crane Let. 22 Feb. (1965) 317 A paean from Venusberg! Oy-oy-oy! I have just had my ninth snifter of Scotch. O shades of Bert Savoy!
1968 Listener 25 July 98/2 The persistent..demand..for a major change in the relationship between a free people and the state, for an end to arbitrary, secretive and alien government and for the restoration and maintenance of free institutions. Shades of Disraeli, maybe.
1977 Times 26 Nov. 4/3 Colleges.. were..conducting campaigns to ban Jewish societies... Shades of Nazi Germany (he said).
1978 H. Wouk War & Remembrance xxiv. 238 There's a fridge, but it doesn't work. Shades of Singapore.
7. = silhouette n. 1. Now chiefly Historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting > a portrait > silhouette
shade1781
shadow figure1851
1781 Advt. in Notes & Queries (1900) 9th Ser. VI. 356/2 Old Shades reduced with Care and Expedition.
1793 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy (abridged ed.) xlii. 219 No art can attain to the truth of the shade taken with precision.
1809 ‘J. A. Andersen’ Dane's Excurs. I. 22 Lord Nelson pointed out to me a profile, and then observed ‘You see it is but a shade: yet I had great difficulty in obtaining it’.
1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 8/1.
1960 H. Hayward Connoisseur's Handbk. Antique Collecting 255/1 Edward Foster of Derby often painted faces in brown, blue or some other colour, and unless details are shown in the faces, such may also be termed shades.
1970 Oxf. Compan. Art 1065/1 The great vogue of silhouette portraits (more often known in England as ‘shades’) came between 1750 and 1850.
1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts July 513/1 Anything but an average shade, it is, none-the-less, a competent head-and-shoulders in strict profile.
III. Protection from glare and heat.
8. figurative.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. ii. 28 There's not I thinke a subiect That sits in heart-greefe and vneasinesse Vnder the sweet shade of your gouernment. View more context for this quotation1789 W. Blake Cradle Song in Songs of Innocence Sweet dreams, form a shade, O'er my lovely infants head.1832 H. W. Longfellow Coplas de Manrique liii And he, the good man's shield and shade.
a. Cover afforded by the interposition of some opaque or semi-opaque body between an object and light, heat, etc.; esp. the shelter from the sun afforded by trees; quasi-concrete (singular and plural) overshadowing foliage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > leaves or foliage
shadec1000
leafOE
felourea1400
filourc1400
hair1551
leafage1599
foliage1601
umbrage1657
foliature1682
folia1730
greenery1826
leafery1834
feather1842
leafdom1856
leaf mass1857
greening1895
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xxxv. 8 Manna bearn soðlice symle hopiað to þæm sceade þinra fiðera.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 95 Þis trau is to alowe and to louie uor manye þinges. Vor þe rote... And uor his uayre ssed.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 22 Þe buschys þat..lent grete schade.
1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 66 When his souldiers sayd, the enemies did shoote arrowes so thicke, that the Sunne was couered: he aunswered. Then let vs fight in the shade.
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 108 Fayre braunched trees, ouershadowing ye waters with a coole & pleasant shade.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. vii. 111 Vnder the shade of melancholly boughes. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 303 In Vallombrosa, where th' Etrurian shades High overarch't imbowr. View more context for this quotation
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 458 The canal ought not to be under shade.
1841 G. P. R. James Brigand i The high swelling of the mountains round, still gave a pleasant shade to one side of the valley.
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect ii. iii. 567 Too much light impels us to seek the shade.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 431 Printing..should be done in shade by preference.
b. in the shade: in a position screened from the direct action of the sun's rays; opposed to in the sun. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercepting or cutting off light [phrase] > in the shade
in the shadow1525
in the shade1621
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 130 If from his youth he..hath not bin brought vp in the shade, but hath endured stormes, cold, and extreame parching heate [etc.].
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 453 One m<a>y walke all about it dry, & in the shade.
1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) ii. xxi. 371 The patient distinctly perceives the light, and can even plainly discern in the shade,..large objects, or bright colours.
1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. xv. 384 Two maximum thermometers are issued—one to observe the greatest heat in the sun; the other in the shade.
9.
a. A place sheltered from the sun; chiefly, a piece of ground overshadowed by trees. Now rare except in collective plural, with poetical colouring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > sheltered place
shadec1000
shadowing placea1382
scug1513
c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 284 Þone man sceal mid linenan claþe befealdan & on sceade ahon oððet he gedriged beon mæge.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3800 A kniȝt þat zephall was callid fand in a cole schade A litill drysnyng of dewe.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 140v In the noone time..you must driue them to the vallyes, and shades.
1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 110 No loane shade, but rings With chatting Birds, delicious murmurings.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 61 Corn, that in these warm Countries ripens much better among the Mulberry Shades, than if it were expos'd to the open Sun.
1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. (rev. ed.) 59 The respectability which leafy shades, of apparently long standing, always confer on a habitation.
1845 J. Kitto Cycl. Biblical Lit. (1849) I. s.v. Egypt 599/2 The climate is..exceedingly hot..; a shade is not easily found.
b. transferred. A retired spot. Hence, an abode sheltered from the world, a quiet habitation. Chiefly plural. Now only poetic or rhetorical.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun]
wroa1300
recluse1474
reclusage1480
retreatc1500
retire1595
rendezvous1598
retirement1603
recess1611
shadea1616
Jericho1635
privacy1648
sequesterment1778
seclusion1791
retraite1814
backwater1820
hideaway1930
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 1 Let vs seeke out some desolate shade, & there Weepe our sad bosomes empty. View more context for this quotation
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 536 Delighting in nothing but in ease, in shades, in dancing and drinking.
c1710 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. c2 Aug. (1965) I. 50 People mistake very much in placeing peace in woods and Shades.
1729 T. Cooke Tales 48 Hail to those Shades where, in our golden Age, The godlike Sidney pen'd the deathless Page.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 180. ⁋9 Men bred in shades and silence..may be allowed to feel terror at personal danger.
1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. May 535/1 In the depth of college shades, or in his lonely chamber, the poor student slunk from observation.
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 4 Sought the retired shades of Cherbury.
c. In dialect use: A meadow open to the breeze, into which cattle are turned in hot weather.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > meadow land > meadow > other meadows
stank-meadowc1358
lot-mead1552
lot-meadow1605
saeter1795
shade1806
rodham1882
1806 A. Douglas Poems 123 They're fu' glad To gather singles on the shade.
1847 in F. Sheldon Minstrelsy Eng. Border 421 He raced thro' reise and shad.
1893 Cornhill Mag. June 591 When they say the cattle come ‘to shade’ they mean they seek a spot where they are open to the cooling influences of water and breeze.
10. the Shades: originally, a name for wine and beer vaults with a drinking-bar, either underground or sheltered from the sun by an arcade. Hence subsequently used, both in England and in the U.S., as a name for a retail liquor shop, or a drinking-bar attached to a hotel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > in club, hotel, or theatre
the Shades1823
the nineteenth hole1901
dispense1934
nineteenth1948
crush bar1954
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang Shades (the) at London-bridge are under Fishmongers' hall.
1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 315 In the cities Shades are perhaps the most numerous.
1882 E. Edwards Words, Facts, & Phrases 507 Shades... The name originated at Brighton... Numbers of other publicans, in London and elsewhere, adopted the name ‘Shades’, which is now fully established in the language as a synonym for wine vaults.
11. Something which affords protection from light, heat, etc.
a. A shelter from wind and weather, a screen from excessive heat or cold. Also, U.S. a window-blind.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > against weather or storms
screen1538
tent1572
shelter1585
sconce1591
shade1624
bothy1750
breakwind1823
watershed1831
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > fittings or ornaments of windows > blind
umbrella1688
chick1698
blind1730
sunblind1766
Venetian window-blind1769
sunshade1774
roller blind1780
Venetian blind1791
Venetian1816
jalousie1824
shutter-blind1833
jealousy1834
festoon blind1837
shade1869
roll-up1960
mini-blind1974
1624 J. Smith Virginia iii. vii. 73 To keepe vs from the winde we made a shade of another Mat.
1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 349 The first who invented a Shade in the Theatre.
1814 T. Haynes Treat. Strawberry (ed. 2) 70 Such shade or skreen will admit of being removed and taken away.
1863 O. W. Norton Army Lett. 174 A large force of men putting up booths or shades of poles and brush over the tents.
1867 Amer. Naturalist 1 145 This year I made a shade open on all sides, protected by a roof to keep out the hot rays of the sun.
1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xviii. 243 A window opened from the hall, and to-day, though a rose-colored shade was lowered, the sash had been raised.
1889 E. B. Custer Tenting on Plains vi. 185 The staff-officers had caused a long shade to be built, instead of shorter ones, which would have stood the storms better.
1894 W. D. Howells Traveller from Altruria 126 The windows had paper shades.
b. A lace scarf for the head worn by women. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > head-cloth or -scarf > types of
volet1399
night-coverchiefa1427
night-kerchief?c1450
night-kercher1552
shade1706
fala1721
teresa1770
bird's eye?1775
doek1798
Madras handkerchief1808
Madras turban1818
keffiyeh1831
Madras1838
turban1839
rigolette1859
charshaf1926
babushka1937
do-rag1964
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Shade,..an Ornament for a Woman's Head.
1738 Boston Weekly News-let. in A. M. Earle Costume Col. Times (1894) 213 Worsted Shades.
1753 Boston Weekly News-let. in A. M. Earle Costume Col. Times (1894) 213 White Paris net shades.
1755 Boston Weekly News-let. in A. M. Earle Costume Col. Times (1894) 214 Gauze for Shades.
1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide iii. vi. 22 All that Fancy's self has feign'd, In a Band-Box is contain'd: Painted Lawns, and chequer'd Shades.
1800 E. S. Bowne Girl's Life Eighty Years Ago (1888) 42 Why can't you go and see McLellan's lace shades? Perhaps he may let you have one reasonably.
1868 F. P. Verney Stone Edge vii. 81 Lydia appeared in her black ‘shade’ (a sort of mantle) and hood.
c. A dome-shaped cover of glass to protect ornaments from dust or accidental injury.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun] > protective covering or pad > for ornaments
shade1706
1706 F. Hauksbee in Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 2130 A Shade (as they generally call such as are put o're Images to keep them from Dust).
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea (ed. 3) I. xiv. §8. 267 One shot broke the mirror over the chimney-piece, another the shade of the clock.
1894 A. Morrison Tales Mean Streets 115 A ‘shade of fruit’—a cone of waxen grapes and apples under a glass cover.
d. A globe or cylinder of some semi-transparent substance placed over the flame of a candle, lamp or gas-jet to soften or diffuse the light or to protect the flame from draughts; also, a screen of silk, paper, metal, etc., supported upon a light framework and placed above an illuminant to reflect, concentrate, or soften the light. Also (Westminster School), a lamp with a fixed shade. wall shade = sconce n.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp > shade for
shade1780
globe1796
moonshade1830
abat-jour1844
lampshade1850
bell-shade1890
lightshade1912
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > support or holder for a candle > [noun] > candlestick > with wall bracket
sconce?c1450
sconce candlestick1455
perk1475
perch1565
girandole1769
wall shade1826
swape1867
1780 Hickey's Bengal Gaz. 8 Apr. Borrowed last Month by a Person or Persons unknown..a very elegant Pair of Candle Shades...—N.B. The Shades have private marks.
1789 I. Munro Narr. Mil. Operations Coromandel Coast 186 His tent is furnished with..a folding-table, a pair of shades for his candles [etc.].
1826 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor (ed. 2) IV. xxi. 248 It was well lighted up, with many wall-shades and standing-shades.
1884 F. H. Forshall Westm. School 64 The Juniors had then..to clean the ‘shades’ of the Seniors and third Election.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. liii. 213 The two customary candles were burning under their green shades in the Vicar's study.
e. A covering worn to protect the eye from light (see quot. 1857). Also plural, sunglasses, tinted glasses. (colloquial, chiefly U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for protecting the sight > [noun] > shade
eyeshade1749
lightshade1799
shade1801
opaque1900
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for protecting the sight > [noun] > spectacles or eyeglasses > to protect the eyes from light
smoke-glass1770
sunglasses1817
dark glasses1861
sunspecs1907
Polaroids1940
aviator1951
sunnies1954
shade1958
sunshades1963
1801 Ld. Nelson Let. to Lady Hamilton 28 Jan. He has directed me..to have green shades for my eyes.
1818 Lady Morgan in Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 71 The dear Comte de Ségur, with a green shade over his eyes, and almost blind.
1857 R. Barwell Care of Sick 80 The proper method is to use what is called a shade, made of a piece of cardboard, large enough to hang over the eye.
1958 Amer. Speech 33 225 Less frequently used among nonmusicians (primarily for lack of an occasion) are shades (dark glasses).
1965 N.Y. Times 11 Apr. e14/6 Your teen-age daughter asks what you think of her ‘shades’, which you are canny enough to know are her sunglasses.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 10 Apr. 1/4 ‘Hiya, Rog,’ says somebody else, popping up clip-on shades.
1980 G. V. Higgins Kennedy for Def. vi. 68 I looked at Emerson, hiding behind his shades and his imported-cigarette smoke.
f. The part of a head-dress that projects in front so as to shade the eyes; the peak of a cap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > hood or brim to protect face
bongrace1530
shadow1578
curtain1788
shade1818
ugly1850
poke1859
sunshade1868
sun visor1920
visor1939
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > projecting front > (peak) of cap
peak1660
shade1818
visor1864
skip1888
bill1935
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian i, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 28 The projecting shade of a curch, or coif.
g. In scientific apparatus: a shutter or other mechanical means of intercepting light falling upon or through an object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus
bain1477
speculum1650
filtering paper1651
wheel-fire1662
filter paper1670
sun furnace1763
respirator1789
candle-ball1794
rectifier1822
candle-bomb1823
filter1823
oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823
shade1837
graduator1839
pipette1839
thistle funnel1849
pressure tube1852
ozonizer1858
dialyser1861
Liebig condenser1861
Sprengel pump1866
Sprengel tube1866
water softener1867
mercury pump1869
Bunsen burner1870
dialysator1877
test-mixer1877
tube-condenser1877
Kipp1879
reflux condenser1880
policeman1888
converter1889
pressure boiler1891
spot plate1896
hydrogen electrode1898
sampler1902
reactor1903
fume-chamber1905
Permutit1910
microburner1911
salt bridge1915
precipitator1919
Raschig ring1920
microneedle1921
titrator1928
laboratory coatc1936
spray tower1937
precipitron1938
ion exchanger1941
potentiostat1942
chemostat1950
Knudsen pipette1951
pH-stat1956
cryopump1958
1837 C. R. Goring & A. Pritchard Micrographia 74 I likewise drew a shade over the objective end of the microscope.
1848 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson tr. F. Knapp Chem. Technol. I. 156 Reflectors, shades, &c.
h. (See quot. 1894.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > other valves or shutters
shifting-movement1876
ventil1876
shade1894
1894 T. Elliston Organs & Tuning 127 Shade, a flap of metal at the top of a reed pipe to regulate the power, at the top of a flue pipe to tune by—also applied when the tone, pitch, or power of a pipe is affected through being shaded or shadowed by an obstruction.
1925 H. F. Milne How to build Small Chamber Pipe Organ 127 The pipes in many reed stops are of an inverted conical shape, and the regulating device may take the form of either a cap or shade.
1951 R. Whitworth Organ Stops & their Uses i. 13 The pipe represented at letter L is the much over-used swell oboe for 4 ft C. The bell and its shade on the top should be noticed.
Compounds
C1.
a. General attributive.
(a) (In sense 8.)
shade-mantle n.
ΚΠ
1880 O. Crawfurd Portugal 318 Detached clouds..shall throw their shade~mantles on the land.
shade-side n.
ΚΠ
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh vi. 244 The artist's eye, That keeps the shade-side of the thing it loves.
(b) (In sense 8b.)
shade-heat n.
ΚΠ
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 249 We distinguish between radiant or sun heat, and shade or air heat.
(c) (In sense 9.)
shade-plot n.
ΚΠ
1586 W. Webbe tr. Virgil Aeglogue i, in Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. H.ij Thou Tityr, at ease in a shade plott.
(d) (In sense 11.)
shade-frame n.
ΚΠ
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Shade-frame. A frame for the partial shading of a seed-bed.
shade-stone n.
ΚΠ
1904 H. C. Butler Archit. & other Arts 126 Another interesting detail of the domestic architecture of Northern Syria is the shed or shade-stone frequently found over the doorways.
b. Objective.
shade-giving adj.
ΚΠ
1859 J. Lang Wanderings in India 282 A clump of shade-giving mango trees.
shade-loving adj.
ΚΠ
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 264 Ferns and other shade-loving plants.
shade-seeking adj.
ΚΠ
1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 173 That..cold-braving, shade-seeking plant.
c. Instrumental.
shade-softened adj.
ΚΠ
1866 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 138 Very level clouds, long pelletted sticks of shade-softened grey in the West.
C2. Special combinations.
shade-bearer n. a plant which is shade-tolerant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that likes light or shade
sun plant1862
shade-bearer1891
sciophyte1902
shade plant1926
shade-lover1960
1891 W. Schlich Man. Forestry II. iv. 306 As regards light-requirement it [sc. the Weymouth Pine] stands half-way between light-demanders and shade-bearers.
1959 Times 7 Dec. (Agric. Suppl.) p. viii/4 Beech can be the underplant used for amenity work, because it is a shade-bearer.
1969 Time 7 Feb. 4 The Manhattan optical artist [sc. Josef Levi] has devised several new dizzying exercises with illuminated shadow boxes superimposed on black and white perforated metal screens.
shade-bearing adj. = shade-tolerant adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > that thrives or does not thrive in shade
umbriphilous1592
shade-bearing1889
intolerant1898
sciophilous1900
shade-tolerant1952
1889 W. Schlich Man. Forestry I. ii. 117 Certain species cannot thrive unless they enjoy a large measure of light throughout life, while others will bear a certain amount of shade. Accordingly, the former are called ‘light demanding’, and the latter shade bearing species.
1895 W. R. Fisher tr. R. Hess Forest Protection 347 Plants are termed lightdemanding or shadebearing according to their demands in the matter of light, or capacity for bearing shade.
1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 25 Tolerant, capable of enduring more or less heavy shade. Syn. : shade-bearing, shade-enduring.
1975 T. C. Whitmore Trop. Rain-forests Far East vi. 71/2 The population structure of light-demanding and shade-bearing species in a stand of high forest is markedly different.
shade-card n. a card illustrating the range of colours in which goods are supplied; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > science of colour > [noun] > shade cards
colour chart1862
colour card1889
shade-card1895
colour atlas1905
colour solid1905
1895 British Warehouseman Feb. 38/2 A new and very attractive shade~card, comprising all the newest tints.
1930 Morning Post 19 July 4/6 Pure silk washing Frocks in cream, colours and checks..; shade card.
1930 Daily Express 6 Nov. 6/3 Fingers treated with a different hue, so that they look like dressmakers' shade-cards.
1955 Radio Times 22 Apr. 22/2 A free illustrated colour booklet about Snowcem and a shade card.
1961 P. Mason Common Sense about Race iv. i. 120 There are words conveying..subtle nuances of skin-colour..a kind of verbal shade~card.
shade-cord n. U.S. a blind-cord.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > fittings or ornaments of windows > blind > cord for
Venetian1882
shade-cord1904
1904 J. A. Riis Theodore Roosevelt xii. 298 When he passed each window [he] would seize the shade-cord and give a little abstracted pull.
shade-deck n. an upper deck of a passenger vessel, covered at the top but open at the side, forming a sheltered promenade in hot weather.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > part of vessel above water > [noun] > deck > decks for use of passengers
promenade deck1820
promenade1826
berth-deck1856
sun deck1876
saloon deck1888
shade-deck1894
1894 Times 22 Oct. 7/5 The boats are carried on a shade deck, which forms a covered promenade.
1894 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. (ed. 3) 382 A tank steamer of the ‘shade-deck’ type.
shade-decked adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > [adjective] > having deck(s) > having specific type of decks or superstructure
race-built1622
flush1800
pooped1849
spar-decked1877
well-decked1880
turtle-backed1889
whaleback1891
shade-decked1902
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 550/1 Most of the latter have a continuous upper deck above the main deck: if this be of light construction..the vessel is called a Shade-decked Vessel.
shade-fish n. = meagre n.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > member of genus Argyrosomus (maigre)
meagre1569
shade-fisha1717
bar1748
a1717 W. Diaper tr. Oppian Halieuticks (1722) i. 10 Here..tim'rous Shade-Fish the blind Haunts pursue.
1863 J. Couch Hist. Fishes Brit. Islands II. 54 Sciæna. Shade Fish. Maigre.
shade-glass n. a darkened or coloured glass screen placed between the eyepiece and object-glass of an astronomical instrument to diminish the brightness of the object under observation (cf. sunshade n. 5).
shade-lover n. = shade plant n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that likes light or shade
sun plant1862
shade-bearer1891
sciophyte1902
shade plant1926
shade-lover1960
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 9 Feb. (Suppl.) 4/2 Other worthwhile shade-lovers—the climbing fig..and the sweetheart plant.
shade maximum n. the highest temperature recorded in a single day by a thermometer placed in the shade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument > specific degrees on a thermometer > indication of protected thermometer > highest recorded
shade maximum1896
1896 Daily News 20 July 7/3 In London the shade maximum on Friday was only 67 degrees.
shade plant n. a plant which thrives in shady conditions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that likes light or shade
sun plant1862
shade-bearer1891
sciophyte1902
shade plant1926
shade-lover1960
1926 H. A. Spoehr Photosynthesis ii. 103 It would be interesting to determine whether shade plants such as the Oxalis..do not utilize a greater proportion of the light absorbed than plants growing in the direct sunlight.
1974 R. G. S. Bidwell Plant Physiol. vii. 170 Very high light intensity may be damaging to plants—solarization is the photodestruction of chlorophyll by excessive illumination. Shade plants are more susceptible to solarization than are sun plants.
shadepull n. U.S. a cord for pulling down a window-shade.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > other types of > specific part
shadepull1955
1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions i. vi. 202 The housefly..drawn to a new destination the instant it halted, from the shade-pull to the floor, from there to the lampshade.
1973 Philadelphia Inquirer 7 Oct. (Today Suppl.) 41/3 Meg is replacing such geegaws with tasteful black shadepulls.
shade-reading n. the indication of a thermometer protected from direct influence of the sun's rays.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument > specific degrees on a thermometer > indication of protected thermometer
screen temperature1884
shade-reading1897
1897 Philadelphia Inquirer 21 Sept. 5/2 There was no shade reading below 40 deg. reported.
shade-tolerant adj. able to grow normally in the shade of taller plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > that thrives or does not thrive in shade
umbriphilous1592
shade-bearing1889
intolerant1898
sciophilous1900
shade-tolerant1952
1952 J. D. U. Ward Woodman's Diary 310 Some other species, mostly in the shade-tolerant category..allow a wide latitude for neglect and error.
1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation ix. 214 On Fair Isle, Red campion (Melandrium rubrum) grows well in the fescue swards, probably because being a woodland species it is shade-tolerant.
shade-tree n. a tree planted for the purpose of affording shade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > cultivated or valued > [noun] > shade- or shelter-tree
nurse1788
nurse-tree1805
shade-tree1806
wind-break1861
shelter belt1869
shelter tree1884
shelter wood1889
wind-belt1903
1806 Balance 22 July 228 in R. H. Thornton Amer. Gloss. (1912) It is to be regretted that a shade tree, useful and ornamental as the poplar, should be in danger.
1885 A. Brassey In Trades 179 Through plantations of fine coffee, protected by the usual ‘shade-trees’.
Draft additions June 2015
U.S. slang (originally in African-American usage). Contempt, disapproval, or disrespect, esp. when expressed obliquely. Chiefly in to throw shade: to express contempt or disapproval; often with at or on.Originally associated with the drag culture of Harlem, New York City in the late 1980s; see quots. 1990, 1997.
ΚΠ
1990 Paris is Burning (1991) (transcribed from film) Shade is I don't tell you you're ugly, but I don't have to tell you because you know you're ugly and that's shade.
1993 N.Y. Times 4 July ix. 5/5 The Sunday Stylers are the last people I'd expect to throw shade on President Bill's hair pursuits.
1997 Village Voice 12 Aug. 26/1 No one who ever saw Willy Ninja dance in the '80s will forget him feigning to slap on makeup, gaze in a mirror, and ‘throw shade’ on his rivals.
2005 ‘K'Wan’ Hoodlum xxxi. 302 I ain't trying to throw shade, shit has just been real hectic.
2012 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 15 Oct. c5/5 They not talking. Ain't no shade though.
2015 Burlington (Vermont) Free Press (Electronic ed.) 29 Jan. 2 Jarvis suggested the actors should be ‘throwing shade’ at each other via eye rolls and such to set up the increasing animosity.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
shadev.1
/ʃeɪd/, U.S. /ʃeɪd/ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > be intercepted or cut off [verb (intransitive)] > cast a shadow
shadow1377
shade1393
obumber1508
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 479 May no grysliche gost glyde þer hit [the cross] shadeweþ [MS. M. schadeþ].
2. † b. To place in the shade; reflexive. To take shelter from light or heat. Obsolete.figurative.1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxvi. 77 Many retired themselves to solitary places..chiefly to shade themselves from the heat of persecution.† d. transferred. To overshadow protectingly; to protect. ? Obsolete.
a. transitive. To screen from light or heat, to protect from the glare or heat of the sun's rays.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade
shadowa1366
shadec1400
umberc1400
umbrage1647
parasol1799
enshade18..
c1400 in 26 Pol. Poems (1904) 143 A place I fonde shadyd with bowes I-bent.
c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 65 The grettest trees that any man may fynde In forest to shade the deere for her comfort.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 120 Barges, shaded with damasks, and stuffes of India.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 31 Here wanton Mincius..shades his happy Banks with bending Reeds.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 58 They cannot well stand too dry, if they are but shaded in dry Weather.
1820 P. B. Shelley Orpheus 12 The overhanging rock That shades the pool.
1874 A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 20 Aloe, I made thee A garden to shade thee.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take refuge or shelter [verb (reflexive)]
fleea1400
shroud1553
shadea1586
ensconce1590
refuge1604
shelter1611
engarrison1682
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade > place in the shade
shadea1586
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off light [verb (reflexive)] > obtain shade
shadow1340
shade1733
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. v. sig. Q8v How to feede his beastes before noone, where to shade them in the extreame heate.
1733 W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming 140 The Cattle..lie and shade themselves under their Boughs.
c. To protect (one's eyes or face) from the glare of the sun, with the hand or with something used as a screen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade > one's eyes or face with something
shade1782
1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. xi. 354 You have indeed a bad cold, my love; but shade your eyes with your hat, and after dinner [etc.].
1831 W. Scott Count Robert ii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. II. 18 His hand interposed between his eyes and their faces, like a man that would shade his eyesight from the level sun.
1902 ‘M. Fairless’ Roadmender 74 He shaded his keen old blue eyes, and looked away across the water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > cover protectively
overshadoweOE
shadowc1000
overshadeOE
cloaka1554
shade1623
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. i. 161 Now good Angels..shade thy person Vnder their blessed wings. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 266 Leave not the faithful side That gave thee being, stil shades thee and protects. View more context for this quotation
1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman i. 18 Whose Female Glories shade them from my Song.
e. Misused for: To shelter (from wind). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > shelter from weather
fence1577
shelter1590
weather-fenda1616
shade1845
weather-fencea1850
weather-guard1885
1845 J. Coulter Adventures Pacific viii. 102 They [the hills] shaded it from the trade winds.
f. To cover with a screen, to protect (a light) from draughts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [verb (transitive)] > cover or shield
shade1827
bonnet1891
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. ix. 218 A large chandelier, which, shaded opposite to his face, threw all the light to the other side of the table.
c1885 C. Rossetti Sick Child's Medit. 4 Fresh air blows in, and mother shades the light.
3. To conceal from view; to hide partially, as by a shadow; to veil, obscure; to disguise.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
forhelec888
i-hedec888
dernc893
hidec897
wryOE
behelec1000
behidec1000
bewryc1000
forhidec1000
overheleOE
hilla1250
fealc1325
cover1340
forcover1382
blinda1400
hulsterc1400
overclosec1400
concealc1425
shroud1426
blend1430
close1430
shadow1436
obumber?1440
mufflea1450
alaynec1450
mew?c1450
purloin1461
to keep close?1471
oversilec1478
bewrap1481
supprime1490
occulta1500
silec1500
smoor1513
shadec1530
skleir1532
oppressa1538
hudder-mudder1544
pretex1548
lap?c1550
absconce1570
to steek away1575
couch1577
recondite1578
huddle1581
mew1581
enshrine1582
enshroud1582
mask1582
veil1582
abscondc1586
smotherc1592
blot1593
sheathe1594
immask1595
secret1595
bemist1598
palliate1598
hoodwinka1600
overmaska1600
hugger1600
obscure1600
upwrap1600
undisclose1601
disguise1605
screen1611
underfold1612
huke1613
eclipsea1616
encavea1616
ensconcea1616
obscurify1622
cloud1623
inmewa1625
beclouda1631
pretext1634
covert1647
sconce1652
tapisa1660
shun1661
sneak1701
overlay1719
secrete1741
blank1764
submerge1796
slur1813
wrap1817
buttress1820
stifle1820
disidentify1845
to stick away1900
c1530 Court of Love 1272 ‘How is’, (quod I) ‘that he [Prevy Thought] is shaded thus With yonder cloth, I not of what colour?’
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. x. sig. Hh7 Through hollow caues, that no man mote discouer For the thicke shrubs, which did them alwaies shade From view of liuing wight. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 277 A Seraph wingd; six wings he wore, to shade His lineaments Divine. View more context for this quotation
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub iii. 83 All this he cunningly shades under the following Allegory.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 3 Her golden tresses shade The bosom's stainless pride.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. iii. 222 A Lady shaded in broad gipsy-hat.
1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 72 Shaded from view on the South side.
4.
a. To cover with shadow, to darken. Also transferred and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > make dark or gloomy [verb (transitive)] > make dark, dim, or obscure
duskc1374
to-darkena1382
murkc1425
obscure?a1475
obfusk1490
dusken1550
dusky1567
overdark1568
obtenebrate1578
beveil1582
obfuscate1588
offusque1599
shade1599
slubber1605
dammer1610
offuscate1611
obtenebrize1654
obflisticate1832
subdue1856
darkle1893
1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B4 Bright orient pearle, alacke too timely shaded.
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 253 From this accursed root branching out so many sects as in short time infected and shaded all the Orient, in an eclipse of fearfull darknesse.
1700 M. Prior Carmen Sæculare 6 By equal Virtues all the Piece is wrought, Mixt with no Crime, and shaded with no Fault.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. ix. 286 Never..had she watched, with so much pleasure..twilight shade, and darkness veil the scene.
1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 273 A melancholy smile shaded his cheek.
b. To appear like a shadow upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > appear like a shadow upon
shadea1704
a1704 T. Brown On Duke of Ormond's Recovery in Wks. (1707) I. i. 72 Ee'r rising down to shade his Cheeks began.
1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 132 Nassonites is a stone of a sanguin colour, marked or shaded with black veins.
c. To cast one's shadow upon, to be close to.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near to [verb (transitive)]
shade1717
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. x. 183 But sleep'st thou now? when from yon' Hills the Foe Hangs o'er the Fleet, and shades our Walls below.
5. In occasional figurative uses.
a. To cast into the shade; to surpass, eclipse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame
shamec1400
to put down1494
extinguish1551
stain1557
overshadow1581
cloud1582
defacea1592
shend1596
to lay up1601
to shine down1623
dazzle1643
umbrage1647
foila1687
efface1717
eclipse1718
shade?1748
put into the shade1796
to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819
to put to shame1854
to leave (a person) standing1864
to lay over1869
blanket1884
upstage1921
?1748 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. (ed. 2) 14 This had lik't o shad awth' tother!
1865 B. Brierley Irkdale I. xiii. 210 Queer! It shads Guilliver ut thy feyther ust read abeawt.
1928 S. Lewis Man who knew Coolidge i. 45 And I got to admit that Walt's radio shades mine just the least little bit.
1972 Sydney Morning Herald 26 Aug. 31/7 University slightly shade Gordon in points scored for and against.
1973 Observer 3 June 28/7 Denness, whose 534 runs in first-class matches this season have him shading even Boycott.
1975 Cork Examiner 30 May 15/1 Womble survived a bad last hurdle mistake to shade strongly challenging Glenicmurrin by a short head.
b. To obscure, dim the lustre of (good qualities).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally
atterc885
hurtc1200
marc1225
appair1297
impair1297
spilla1300
emblemishc1384
endull1395
blemishc1430
depaira1460
depravea1533
deform1533
envenom1533
vitiate1534
quail1551
impeach1563
subvert1565
craze1573
taint1573
spoil1578
endamage1579
qualify1584
stain1584
crack1590
ravish1594
interess1598
invitiate1598
corrupt1602
venom1621
depauperate1623
detriment1623
flaw1623
embase1625
ungold1637
murder1644
refract1646
depress1647
addle1652
sweal1655
butcher1659
shade1813
mess1823
puckeroo1840
untone1861
blue1880
queer1884
dick1972
forgar-
1813 Sketches of Character (ed. 2) I. 14 His good qualities were not a little shaded by an inherent pride of ancestry, and an austerity of manners.
c. To throw a veil over (faults).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > cover up
smother1579
to shuffle up1588
smother1589
smooth1592
smooth1592
slobber1630
to hush up1632
slubber1646
smooth1684
sopite1746
shade1785
smug1857
hugger-mugger1862
to cover up1926
1785 W. Adams Let. 17 Nov. in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1791) I. Advt. p. xii I wish..a few of our hero's foibles had been a little more shaded.
6. To represent as by a shadow, to shadow forth, symbolize. to shade out: to sketch faintly.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)]
token971
to stand for ——a1387
presentc1390
discern?a1439
liken?c1450
adumbrate1537
figurate?1548
character1555
shadow1574
shade1591
characterize1594
symbolize1603
hieroglyphic1615
personatea1616
modelizea1628
similize1646
symptom1648
express1649
signaturize1669
image1778
embryo1831
symbol1832
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (transitive)] > roughly or rapidly
to shade out1591
to score out1615
to strike out1678
scribble1692
sketch1725
sketch1786
to rough in1826
cartoon1887
1591 Sir P. Sidney Astrophel & Stella lxxxi How faine would I paint thee to all mens eyes, Or of thy gifts at least shade out some part!
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. vii. sig. R6v Calling him [sc. Iustice] great Osyris..With fayned colours shading a true case. View more context for this quotation
7.
a. Painting and Drawing. To represent the shade or shadow on (an object); to furnish (a picture) with the indications of shade. In black-and-white or monochrome work: To furnish (a drawing) with the gradated dark markings (produced by lines more or less close together, rubbing of crayon or pencil, a wash of tint, or the like) indicating shade and colour of the object. Hence occasionally to darken (parts of a diagram, etc.) in a similar manner. to shade up: to fill in (an outline sketch) with markings indicative of contour.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [verb (transitive)] > shade
adumbrate1599
hatch1605
shadow1612
shade1797
1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 116/1 After the learner has made himself..perfect in drawing outlines, his next endeavour must be to shade them properly.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 718 The perspective drawing thus produced, may then be completed, by shading it according to the manner in which the light appears to fall on the original.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair l. 442 She buys a couple of begilt Bristol boards..and paints..a shepherd with a red waistcoat on one, and a pink face smiling in the midst of a pencil landscape—a shepherdess on the other..with a little dog, nicely shaded.
1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 64 I have not shaded the leaf to show any depth of the carving.
1886 W. N. Brown Wood Engr. 33 Filling in or ‘shading up’ with a softer and darker pencil and washes of Indian ink.
b. to shade in: to insert by shading. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > by shading
to shade in1878
1878 Irish Monthly VI. 506 And then the eloquent Member for Louth proceeds to shade in the darker tints of this companion picture.
8. To colour (a textile fabric) with shades gradually passing one into another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > change of colour > change colour [verb (intransitive)] > merge gradate
gradate1753
shadow1839
shade1841
the world > matter > colour > change of colour > change colour of [verb (transitive)] > gradate
ennew1430
shade1841
1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 495 Shading [of ribbons] 6d. per gross extra.
1845 M. J. Howell Hand-bk. Dress-making 27 Observe, in silks and satins that are shaded, there is an up and a down.
9.
a. intransitive. Of a colour, hence gen.: To pass by imperceptible degrees to or into something else; also with away, off. Also to shade away: to disappear gradually.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > gradual change > change gradually [verb (intransitive)] > from or into
slidea1398
growc1460
wear1555
accrue1586
ripen1611
shuffle1635
melt1651
steal1660
spawn1677
verge1757
to glide into1800
shade1819
evolve?1831
shadow1839
grade1892
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear
formeltc893
wendOE
witea1000
aworthc1000
fleec1200
fleetc1200
withdraw1297
vanish1303
voidc1374
unkithea1400
startc1405
disappearc1425
disparishc1425
to fall awayc1443
evanish?a1475
vade1495
sinka1500
vade1530
fly1535
fadea1538
melt?1567
dispear1600
relinquish1601
foist1603
dispersea1616
to vanish (melt, etc.) into thin aira1616
dissipate1626
retire1647
evaporate1713
merge1802
illude1820
to foam off1826
dislimn1833
furl1844
to step out1844
evanesce1855
shade1880
wisp1883
to go to the winds1884
walk1898
to do a disappearing act1913
to go west1916
to do (or take) a fade1949
to phase out1970
1819 W. Scott Let. 3 June (1933) V. 393 It will perhaps shade off into a mild chronic complaint.
1845 G. Budd On Dis. Liver 162 The colour of the skin is a golden yellow shading into green.
1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. v. 123 Three primary spectra..having their intensity of illumination and maximum at different points, and shading to nothing at their extremities.
1880 E. White Certainty in Relig. 80 Their own teaching was at once definite and vague, carrying a central lustre and a dimmer enfolding radiance, shading away into the Infinite.
1901 N. Amer. Rev. 15 Feb. 235 No other nation has company officers of the average ability and education of our own; but the superiority shades away as their service progresses.
b. transitive. To change or make to pass by imperceptible degrees into something else; also with away, off. Also to shade away, to shade down, to soften the abruptness of (a statement) by qualifying words.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > gradual change > change into [verb (transitive)]
makea1470
shade1817
transition1877
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > tone down
temperc1000
modifyc1385
softenc1410
tame?a1500
qualify1536
temperatea1540
extenuate1561
supple1609
dilute1665
palliate1665
weaken1683
subdue1723
lower1780
modulate1783
to shade away1817
to water down1832
to water down1836
sober1838
veil1843
to tone down1847
to break down1859
soothe1860
tone1884
to key down1891
soft-pedal1912
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > modify, qualify [verb (transitive)]
qualify1533
temperatea1540
take1542
season1604
disbend1607
condition1629
tinge1673
temper1711
shade1817
colour1882
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iii. 63 A touch of coarseness and hardness about the manners of the times, which has since, in a great degree, been softened and shaded away.
1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic x. 336 Their various sorts and degrees are shaded into each other imperceptibly.
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets viii. 235 The thoughts of Aristophanes are not shaded down, concealed or wrapped up in symbols.
c. transitive. To make a slight or gradual reduction in (a price, value, etc.). Also intransitive of shares, prices, etc.: to decline slightly in value, cost, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > lower (price) > slightly
shade1875
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (intransitive)] > decline in price or fall > slightly
shade1973
1875 Chicago Tribune 27 Oct. 6/4 Prices are not strong, the quotations being shaded on fair orders.
1899 Pitman's Commercial Correspondence & Commercial English xii. 119 Please, therefore, do your best to deliver the finest quality you possibly can at the figure named, or, if you can shade the price a little, it would be advisable to do so.
1903 Boston Transcript 24 Oct. 22 To spur his freight traffic manager to get business without shading rates.
1913 G. Stratton-Porter Laddie ix He said Mr. Pryor had shaded his price so that if the money had to go, he would be tempted to see if we couldn't manage it ourselves.
1928 New Statesman 28 July (Finance Suppl.) p. x The newsprint and pulp industry..has..been developed rather faster than the demand, with the result that prices have been shaded.
1966 Times 17 June 16/4 If a favourite or near-favourite was being quoted at two-to-one as its price in the ring and on the rails, and if a certain bookie had not got it in his book, far from ‘shading the odds’, he had to increase them to attract money on that horse for his book.
1973 ‘R. MacLeod’ Burial in Portugal iv. 90 When he'd bought, Consolidated had already been shading at 130 and Maltsters had been on the upswing at 146.
1978 Daily Tel. 29 Mar. 21 Banks may be invited..to shade the margin over base rate which they charge private customers and small businesses.
1981 Times 7 May 24 General Accident..shaded 10p to 334p.
d. transitive. To modify the pitch of (an open organ stop) by placing something near the top of the pipe. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune organ
shade1876
1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 395/1 Shading of pipes, the placing of anything so near the top of an organ pipe as to affect the vibrating column of air which it contains.
1894 T. Elliston Organs & Tuning 127 Shade, a flap of metal at the top of a reed pipe to regulate the power, at the top of a flue pipe to tune by—also applied when the tone, pitch, or power of a pipe is affected through being shaded or shadowed by an obstruction.
Draft additions 1993
e. To surpass (a particular age or weight) by a narrow margin; to eclipse or merit by a shade. colloquial (originally U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [verb (transitive)] > surpass by narrow margin
shade1934
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > be great in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > be greater than in quantity, amount, or degree > by narrow margin
shade1934
1934 in N. Webster Dict.
1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? iv. 70 Pancake couldn't have been over five foot five and looked as if he shaded two hundred pounds.
1947 C. Amory Proper Bostonians vi. 123 During the Civil War, then a lady shading sixty, she still had enough of her buoyant charm to sell kisses for charity.
1957 D. Niland Call me when Cross turns Over vii. 172 She's pretty, sure—but I don't know, I think I can hold my own with her... Her figure's no better than mine; in fact, I'd shade her a bit, I'd say.
1976 New Motorcycle Monthly Oct. 10/3 The CB400F just shaded a five-star rating, so we must class the CB550F as [four stars].
1986 New Yorker 2 June 20/3 All the women who got into what they thought were the glamorous occupations and find themselves shading thirty-five or forty and alone.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
shadev.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > be different [verb (intransitive)] > distinguish between
skillc1200
shadea1400
discernc1400
superfine1689
to distinguish far1719
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22930 Wel bituix þam can he schade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast
shedc1000
sprengeOE
discatterc1330
shatterc1330
sowa1387
spilla1400
shadec1425
sparklec1440
scatter?c1450
distribute?c1510
sparse?1550
to cast seed1577
bescatter1859
to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874
c1425 Cast. Persev. 2329 in Macro Plays 146 Gostly grace I spylle & schade.
3. Scottish. To part (the hair). Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > parts of the hair or head relating to hairdressing > part the hair [verb (transitive)]
part1615
shade1818
repart1865
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian v, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 106 Hastily shading her dishevelled hair back from her wasted, but still beautiful countenance.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 116 He'd shade the binwud door aside.
1869 M. MacLennan Peasant Life 1st Ser. 265 To have her hair combed and shaded.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.a1000
v.11393
v.2a1400- unrevolutionary
- unrevolutionized
- unrevolved
- unrevolving
- unrewardable
- unrewarded
- unrewardedly
- unrewarding
- unrewardingly
- unrhetorical
- unrhymed
- unrhymedder
- unrhymeddest
- unrhymeder
- unrhymedest
- unrhythmic
- unrhythmical
- unrhythmically
- unrhythmiccer
- unrhythmiccest
- unrhythmicer
- unrhythmicest
- unribbed
- unrich
- unrid