Hellenismn.

Brit.

/ˈhɛlᵻnɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈhɛləˌnɪz(ə)m/

Forms: 1500s–1600s Hellenisme, 1600s Helenisme, 1600s– Hellenism.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin Hellenismus; Greek Ἑλληνισμός.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Hellenismus Greek culture (a1540), particular feature of the Greek language (5th cent.) or its etymon Hellenistic Greek Ἑλληνισμός imitation of the Greeks (Septuagint), use of a pure Greek idiom < ancient Greek Ἑλληνίζειν Hellenize v. + -ισμός -ism suffix. Compare French hellénisme feature derived from the Greek language (1565 in Middle French), Greek language (1580), Greek culture (early 18th cent. in the passage translated in quot. 1728 at sense 4a). Compare earlier Graecism n. With senses 3 and 4b compare also Hebraism n.

1. Polytheism, esp. as associated with the ancient Greeks.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > [noun] > polytheism > of Greek deities

Hellenism1591

Olympianism1892

1591 R. Hill tr. W. Perkins Golden Chaine xx. sig. F2^v Errours concerning God... Heere is to be reprooued Hellenisme [L. Hellenismus], which is the acknowledging and adoring of a multitude of Gods.

1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. i. i. 81 This Hellenism some conceive the same with the Sabæn superstition... And..we cannot doubt, but that the Idolatrous Worship of Fire and of the Sun (ascribed to the Sabæans) was of great Antiquity among them.

1726 R. Millar Hist. Propagation Christianity (ed. 2) ii. 230 [Dividing] the whole of idolatrous Worship into Sabaism and Hellenism;..the latter is the Worship the Greeks and Romans added, viz. the Veneration of great Men dead and gone, and of Demons.

1827 J. Townley Reasons of Laws Moses ii. 41 Hellenism, which superadded hereto an infinity almost of fictitious and coined gods, was of more late date, and proper to the Grecians.

2000 Church Hist. 69 525 Evidence of Hellenism (or to use the Christian derogatory term, ‘paganism’).

2. A particular feature of the Greek language; a Greek phrase, idiom, or construction, esp. one as used in some other language; a Graecism, Greekism.In quot. 1609 as a mass noun: the Greek language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Greek > word or idiom of

Graecism1570

Hellenism1609

Ionism1676

Doricism1698

Dorism1698

Ionicism1699

Aeolism1712

Greekism1803

Alexandrianism1822

Cilicism1848

1609 P. Holland Annotations sig. ciij, in tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. Yee must admit here a Synecdoche, the plurall for the singular, a usuall figure in Hellenisme.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. 169 Wonder not then why, about Marsilles, Greeke was so respected, nor why in the Romaunt-French now such Hellenismes are.

a1646 J. Gregory Opuscula (1650) 80 This was but an Hebraisme in the old, and but an Hellenisme in the New Testament.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 285. ¶9 Virgil is full of the Greek Forms of Speech, which the Criticks call Hellenisms.

1771 J. Macpherson Introd. Hist. Great Brit. & Ireland 244 Their language, though tinctured with Hellenisms, is radically different from the Greek.

1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 205 When Greek was first studied..it planted many a hellenism in our English.

1878 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 9 7 In classic Greek there is no parallel for certain Latin constructions, such as are usually set down as Hellenisms.

1927 F. J. E. Raby Hist. Christian-Latin Poetry v. 134 The hymn is in ecclesiastical Latin, with a sprinkling of the usual Hellenisms and Hebraisms.

1993 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 38 93 The various strata which, in addition to the vocabulary inherited from spoken Latin through popular transmission, make up the Spanish lexicon: words of pre-Roman origin, Latinisms, Hellenisms, Germanic borrowings [etc.].

3. The adoption or imitation of (elements of) the ancient Greek language, culture, philosophy, etc., esp. by the Jewish peoples after the Diaspora, or by the later Romans; the principle or practice of Hellenizing.neo-, Pan-, philhellenism: see at the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Greeks > [noun] > conformity to ideas of

Hellenism1614

neohellenism1879

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 198 That age, about Alexius his time, generally affected Hellenisme and such words of Greeke as they could get them.

1740 B. Martin Bibliotheca Technologica (ed. 2) 145 'Tis Hellenism when we imitate The Grecian Style.

1800 T. Churchill tr. J. G. Herder Outl. Philos. Hist. Man xvii. iii. 509 Hellenism [Ger. Hellenismus], or a freer manner of thinking of the jews intermixed with the ideas of others, prepared the way for the rise of christianity.

1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lv. 349 The Hellenism which Nero vaunted was apostasy from the goddess Roma.

1932 Quest Jan. 10/2 Paul..had to face fierce and intolerant opposition in maintaining their decision that they would adopt a receptive attitude towards Hellenism.

1951 P. K. Hitti Hist. Syria iii. xxi. 284 Hellenism of the Roman brand..lasted until A.D. 323 when Constantine the Great shifted his capital from Rome to Byzantium.

2003 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 122 563 M. Smith's article..offered a trenchant statement regarding the impact of Hellenism on Second Temple Jewish society in general.

a. Greek culture; the national character or nature of the Greeks, esp. the ancient Greeks.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Greeks > [noun] > quality or character of

Graecism1609

Hellenism1728

Greeknessa1861

neohellenism1879

1728 H. Herbert tr. C. Fleury Eccl. Hist. II. xv. 301 It was his ambition to restore Hellenism [Fr. Hellenisme], i.e. the manners and customs of the antient Greeks.

1865 G. Grote Plato I. Pref. p. xii New foreign centres of rhetoric and literature—Asiatic and Alexandrian Hellenism—were fostered into importance by regal encouragement.

1876 W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronism 197 A Poet with the intense Hellenism and Autochthonism of Homer.

1881 Daily News 1 Feb. 3/3 Hellenism (they say) has educated us and prepared us for the enjoyment of liberty.

1939 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. VI. 104 The..profanity of Jason..gave Hellenism such a vogue.

1988 Weekend Austral. 16 Apr. 15/1 (headline) Hellenism Down Under.

2006 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 18 Oct. 7 The National Centre for Hellenic Studies, La Trobe University, is arguably the largest research and cultural centre for Hellenism outside Greece itself.

b. Matthew Arnold's term for: a culture or disposition perceived by him as being typified by the ancient Greeks and characterized by aestheticism and intellectualism. Contrasted with Hebraism.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > doctrines or theories > specific

Owenism1825

mutualism1842

Hellenism1868

universalism1902

1868 M. Arnold Anarchy & Authority [Culture & Anarchy] in Cornhill Mag. June 748 To get rid of one's ignorance, to see things as they are, and by seeing them as they are to see them in their beauty, is the simple and attractive ideal which Hellenism holds out before human nature.

1869 M. Arnold Culture & Anarchy iv. 143 The great movement which goes by the name of the Renascence, was an up-rising and re-instatement of man's intellectual impulses and of Hellenism.

1869 Contemp. Rev. 11 150 Mr. Arnold treats of the great rival forces Hebraism and Hellenism which between them divide the world.

1988 Lit. & Theol. 11 218 There is, of course, another side of Arnold—the frivolous lightness, the aestheticism, and all the best that Hellenism represents.

5. Greek nationality; the Hellenic race or world as a political or cultural entity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Greeks > [noun]

Greekishesc1175

Greesa1387

Gregion1513

Hellenism1772

Helladic1921

1772 W. Bowyer Remarks Late Diss. Greek & Rom. Money ii. 72 Aristotle..was born out of the pale of pure Hellenism in Macedonia or Thrace.

1883 J. R. Seeley Expansion of Eng. 239 The Macedonians, through their close relationship with the Greeks, brought all Hellenism in their train.

1886 Manch. Examiner 29 Jan. 4/7 The Government believes it to be its duty to safeguard Hellenism, whose future is menaced.

1909 Westm.Gaz. 29 Dec. 3/3 It is not merely for academic sympathies that his name is venerated by the whole Hellenism.

1995 R. Just in W. James Pursuit of Certainty xii. 293 The ‘habits and customs’ of the Greeks embrace all Hellenism over time and space.

6. Greek patriotism or nationalism; spec. (in the 19th and early 20th centuries) advocacy of a political union of all Greek-speaking peoples. Cf. Panhellenism n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > other spec.

Portugalism1676

pan-Slavism1844

Panhellenism1849

pan-Slavonism1850

Hellenism1854

Illyrism1854

Magyarism1862

pan-Celticism1863

Turkeyism1877

pan-Americanism1889

Nipponism1899

New Zealandism1921

Black Nationalism1927

Yiddishism1932

1854 Times 21 June 10/2 They are completely cured of Hellenism, and curse, like all the rest of the dupes of the Greek patriots, their own foolishness.

1897 N.Y. Times 11 Apr. 19/4 Their Hellenism is an issue of to-day, Greek against Turk, the liberty of Hellas against Czar, Emperor, and alien all.

1932 Internat. Affairs 11 271 Hellenism in the Balkans and its failure..to win over the Roumanians and Slavs.

1959 Times 1 June 10/7 The keynote of the weekend speeches has been a militant Hellenism... ‘We shall never stop looking towards the Parthenon and singing the Greek national anthem.’

2004 O. Mehmet in M. Aydin & K. Ifantis Turkish-Greek Relations vii. 165 The Greek loss in Cyprus in the summer of 1974 was undoubtedly a national humiliation for Hellenism, just as the same event was a major triumph of Turkish nationalism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hellenism
释义	Hellenismn. Brit. /ˈhɛlᵻnɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈhɛləˌnɪz(ə)m/ Forms: 1500s–1600s Hellenisme, 1600s Helenisme, 1600s– Hellenism. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Latin. Or (ii) a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin Hellenismus; Greek Ἑλληνισμός. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Hellenismus Greek culture (a1540), particular feature of the Greek language (5th cent.) or its etymon Hellenistic Greek Ἑλληνισμός imitation of the Greeks (Septuagint), use of a pure Greek idiom < ancient Greek Ἑλληνίζειν Hellenize v. + -ισμός -ism suffix. Compare French hellénisme feature derived from the Greek language (1565 in Middle French), Greek language (1580), Greek culture (early 18th cent. in the passage translated in quot. 1728 at sense 4a). Compare earlier Graecism n. With senses 3 and 4b compare also Hebraism n. 1. Polytheism, esp. as associated with the ancient Greeks. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > [noun] > polytheism > of Greek deities Hellenism1591 Olympianism1892 1591 R. Hill tr. W. Perkins Golden Chaine xx. sig. F2^v Errours concerning God... Heere is to be reprooued Hellenisme [L. Hellenismus], which is the acknowledging and adoring of a multitude of Gods. 1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. i. i. 81 This Hellenism some conceive the same with the Sabæn superstition... And..we cannot doubt, but that the Idolatrous Worship of Fire and of the Sun (ascribed to the Sabæans) was of great Antiquity among them. 1726 R. Millar Hist. Propagation Christianity (ed. 2) ii. 230 [Dividing] the whole of idolatrous Worship into Sabaism and Hellenism;..the latter is the Worship the Greeks and Romans added, viz. the Veneration of great Men dead and gone, and of Demons. 1827 J. Townley Reasons of Laws Moses ii. 41 Hellenism, which superadded hereto an infinity almost of fictitious and coined gods, was of more late date, and proper to the Grecians. 2000 Church Hist. 69 525 Evidence of Hellenism (or to use the Christian derogatory term, ‘paganism’). 2. A particular feature of the Greek language; a Greek phrase, idiom, or construction, esp. one as used in some other language; a Graecism, Greekism.In quot. 1609 as a mass noun: the Greek language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Greek > word or idiom of Graecism1570 Hellenism1609 Ionism1676 Doricism1698 Dorism1698 Ionicism1699 Aeolism1712 Greekism1803 Alexandrianism1822 Cilicism1848 1609 P. Holland Annotations sig. ciij, in tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. Yee must admit here a Synecdoche, the plurall for the singular, a usuall figure in Hellenisme. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion x. 169 Wonder not then why, about Marsilles, Greeke was so respected, nor why in the Romaunt-French now such Hellenismes are. a1646 J. Gregory Opuscula (1650) 80 This was but an Hebraisme in the old, and but an Hellenisme in the New Testament. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 285. ¶9 Virgil is full of the Greek Forms of Speech, which the Criticks call Hellenisms. 1771 J. Macpherson Introd. Hist. Great Brit. & Ireland 244 Their language, though tinctured with Hellenisms, is radically different from the Greek. 1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. I. 205 When Greek was first studied..it planted many a hellenism in our English. 1878 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 9 7 In classic Greek there is no parallel for certain Latin constructions, such as are usually set down as Hellenisms. 1927 F. J. E. Raby Hist. Christian-Latin Poetry v. 134 The hymn is in ecclesiastical Latin, with a sprinkling of the usual Hellenisms and Hebraisms. 1993 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 38 93 The various strata which, in addition to the vocabulary inherited from spoken Latin through popular transmission, make up the Spanish lexicon: words of pre-Roman origin, Latinisms, Hellenisms, Germanic borrowings [etc.]. 3. The adoption or imitation of (elements of) the ancient Greek language, culture, philosophy, etc., esp. by the Jewish peoples after the Diaspora, or by the later Romans; the principle or practice of Hellenizing.neo-, Pan-, philhellenism: see at the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Greeks > [noun] > conformity to ideas of Hellenism1614 neohellenism1879 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 198 That age, about Alexius his time, generally affected Hellenisme and such words of Greeke as they could get them. 1740 B. Martin Bibliotheca Technologica (ed. 2) 145 'Tis Hellenism when we imitate The Grecian Style. 1800 T. Churchill tr. J. G. Herder Outl. Philos. Hist. Man xvii. iii. 509 Hellenism [Ger. Hellenismus], or a freer manner of thinking of the jews intermixed with the ideas of others, prepared the way for the rise of christianity. 1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lv. 349 The Hellenism which Nero vaunted was apostasy from the goddess Roma. 1932 Quest Jan. 10/2 Paul..had to face fierce and intolerant opposition in maintaining their decision that they would adopt a receptive attitude towards Hellenism. 1951 P. K. Hitti Hist. Syria iii. xxi. 284 Hellenism of the Roman brand..lasted until A.D. 323 when Constantine the Great shifted his capital from Rome to Byzantium. 2003 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 122 563 M. Smith's article..offered a trenchant statement regarding the impact of Hellenism on Second Temple Jewish society in general. 4. a. Greek culture; the national character or nature of the Greeks, esp. the ancient Greeks. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Greeks > [noun] > quality or character of Graecism1609 Hellenism1728 Greeknessa1861 neohellenism1879 1728 H. Herbert tr. C. Fleury Eccl. Hist. II. xv. 301 It was his ambition to restore Hellenism [Fr. Hellenisme], i.e. the manners and customs of the antient Greeks. 1865 G. Grote Plato I. Pref. p. xii New foreign centres of rhetoric and literature—Asiatic and Alexandrian Hellenism—were fostered into importance by regal encouragement. 1876 W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronism 197 A Poet with the intense Hellenism and Autochthonism of Homer. 1881 Daily News 1 Feb. 3/3 Hellenism (they say) has educated us and prepared us for the enjoyment of liberty. 1939 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. VI. 104 The..profanity of Jason..gave Hellenism such a vogue. 1988 Weekend Austral. 16 Apr. 15/1 (headline) Hellenism Down Under. 2006 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 18 Oct. 7 The National Centre for Hellenic Studies, La Trobe University, is arguably the largest research and cultural centre for Hellenism outside Greece itself. b. Matthew Arnold's term for: a culture or disposition perceived by him as being typified by the ancient Greeks and characterized by aestheticism and intellectualism. Contrasted with Hebraism. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > doctrines or theories > specific Owenism1825 mutualism1842 Hellenism1868 universalism1902 1868 M. Arnold Anarchy & Authority [Culture & Anarchy] in Cornhill Mag. June 748 To get rid of one's ignorance, to see things as they are, and by seeing them as they are to see them in their beauty, is the simple and attractive ideal which Hellenism holds out before human nature. 1869 M. Arnold Culture & Anarchy iv. 143 The great movement which goes by the name of the Renascence, was an up-rising and re-instatement of man's intellectual impulses and of Hellenism. 1869 Contemp. Rev. 11 150 Mr. Arnold treats of the great rival forces Hebraism and Hellenism which between them divide the world. 1988 Lit. & Theol. 11 218 There is, of course, another side of Arnold—the frivolous lightness, the aestheticism, and all the best that Hellenism represents. 5. Greek nationality; the Hellenic race or world as a political or cultural entity. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Greeks > [noun] Greekishesc1175 Greesa1387 Gregion1513 Hellenism1772 Helladic1921 1772 W. Bowyer Remarks Late Diss. Greek & Rom. Money ii. 72 Aristotle..was born out of the pale of pure Hellenism in Macedonia or Thrace. 1883 J. R. Seeley Expansion of Eng. 239 The Macedonians, through their close relationship with the Greeks, brought all Hellenism in their train. 1886 Manch. Examiner 29 Jan. 4/7 The Government believes it to be its duty to safeguard Hellenism, whose future is menaced. 1909 Westm.Gaz. 29 Dec. 3/3 It is not merely for academic sympathies that his name is venerated by the whole Hellenism. 1995 R. Just in W. James Pursuit of Certainty xii. 293 The ‘habits and customs’ of the Greeks embrace all Hellenism over time and space. 6. Greek patriotism or nationalism; spec. (in the 19th and early 20th centuries) advocacy of a political union of all Greek-speaking peoples. Cf. Panhellenism n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > other spec. Portugalism1676 pan-Slavism1844 Panhellenism1849 pan-Slavonism1850 Hellenism1854 Illyrism1854 Magyarism1862 pan-Celticism1863 Turkeyism1877 pan-Americanism1889 Nipponism1899 New Zealandism1921 Black Nationalism1927 Yiddishism1932 1854 Times 21 June 10/2 They are completely cured of Hellenism, and curse, like all the rest of the dupes of the Greek patriots, their own foolishness. 1897 N.Y. Times 11 Apr. 19/4 Their Hellenism is an issue of to-day, Greek against Turk, the liberty of Hellas against Czar, Emperor, and alien all. 1932 Internat. Affairs 11 271 Hellenism in the Balkans and its failure..to win over the Roumanians and Slavs. 1959 Times 1 June 10/7 The keynote of the weekend speeches has been a militant Hellenism... ‘We shall never stop looking towards the Parthenon and singing the Greek national anthem.’ 2004 O. Mehmet in M. Aydin & K. Ifantis Turkish-Greek Relations vii. 165 The Greek loss in Cyprus in the summer of 1974 was undoubtedly a national humiliation for Hellenism, just as the same event was a major triumph of Turkish nationalism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1591
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