bitternn.¹

/ˈbɪtən/

Forms: α. Middle English botor, botur(e, Middle English botore, botoore, botowre, butturre, buttir, Middle English–1600s butor, 1500s buttour, buttur, buttour, buture, 1600s bewter, boter, butter; dial.1600s buttal, 1700s blitter. β. bitoure, biture, Middle English bitore, bytore, betoure, Middle English betore, betowre, bytturre, Middle English–1600s bittor, 1500s bitture, bytture, bittarde, byture, byter, bytter, 1500s–1600s bitter, bitour, byttour, 1500s–1700s bittour, 1600s byttur. γ. 1500s bittorn, 1600s bitturn, bitterne, bittorne, 1600s– bittern. (Also dial.1600s– bitterbump, butter-bump n.)

Etymology: Middle English botor, < Old French butor, of obscure origin, perhaps related to rare Latin būtiōn-em in same sense. (The medieval Latin butorius, bitorius are < the modern languages) The English forms in byt-, bit- probably represent French ü. The French had a feminine butorde, with which compare 16th cent. English bittarde. The final -n in 16th cent. bittorn, modern bittern, is due to some mistaken analogy: compare alder, aldern, elder, eldern, etc. The modern Latin zoological name botaurus, is an adaptation of the Old French and Middle English botor, with a reference to a fanciful derivation < bos taurus, taurus being applied by Pliny (x. xlii), to a bird that bellows like an ox, and the bittern being called taureau d'etang, boeuf de marais, meerrind, moosochse, and similar names in many languages.

A genus of grallatorial birds ( Botaurus), nearly allied to the herons, but smaller. spec. The species B. stellaris, a native of Europe and the adjoining parts of the Old World, but now rare in Great Britain on account of the disappearance of the marshes which it frequents. It is noted for the ‘boom’ which it utters during the breeding season, whence its popular names mire-drum, and bull of the bog, and the scientific term botaurus (see above). With qualifying adj., as American bittern n. Botaurus lentiginosus of N. America. least bittern n. Ixobrychus exilis of N. America. little bittern n. any of several small bitterns of the genus Ixobrychus. See also sun-bittern n. at sun n.¹ Compounds 3b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > member of genus Botaurus (bittern)

bitternc1330

mire-druma1398

butterbump1671

bog-bumper1804

bumble1813

bog-blitter1815

bull-of-the-bog1815

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > genus Ixobrychus (little bittern)

little bitternc1330

water hen1678

least bitterna1813

spurwing1842

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > member of genus Botaurus (bittern) > miscellaneous types of

American bitternc1330

bitternc1330

shitepoke1775

dunkadooa1813

matuku1847

stake-driver1872

thunder-pumper1877

α., β.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 131 Bitorius, pintorus, wrenna. (App. some mistake.)]

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3130 Swannes, pecokes and botors.

c1386 Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 116 As a Bitore [v.r. bytore, bitor, betoure] bombleth in the Myre.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xiii. 22 And bitouris [1382 ȝellende foules; L. ululæ; 1611 wild beasts of the islands] schulen answere there.

c1430 Lydgate Minor Poems (1840) 202 The botoore that etith the greet eel.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 35 To wodcok, snype, curlue also, Þe betore in fere with hom schalle goo.

1486 Bk. St. Alban's F vj. A Sege of betouris.

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.iii, The Better [?1553 Bitter] with his bumpe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/1 Buttour a byrde, butor.

1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII xi. §5 Euery egge of euery bittour, heroune, or shouelarde. viiid.

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 41^v/1, Cranes, geese, bittardes.

1600 Sc. Acts 16 Jas. VI xxiii, Skaildraik, Herron, Butter, or any sic kynde of fowlles.

1620 J. Mason Briefe Disc. New-found-land 4 Butters, blacke Birds with red breastes.

1627 P. Fletcher Locustæ i. viii, Their hoarse-base-hornes like fenny Bittours sound.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia epidemica iii. xxv. §4 That a Bittor maketh that mugient noyse, or as we terme it Bumping by putting its bill into a reed.

1691 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words Coll. 91 A Buttal; a Bittern.

1788 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 387 But the houlet cry'd frae the Castle-wa', The blitter frae the boggie.

γ. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Kii ^v, The partryche, plouer, byttore & heronsewe.1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxiv. 11 The cormorant and the bitterne shall possesse it. 1638 J. Suckling Aglaura iii. i, A Bittorne whooping in a reed is better music.1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 209 The Hawk hath struck down the Bitturn.1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. 493 The Little Bittern..was shot as it perched on one of the trees in the Quarry or public walks in Shrewsbury.1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 44 The hollow-sounding bittern guards its nest.1810 Scott Lady of Lake i. 39 And the bittern sound his drum, Booming from the sedgy shallow.1813 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. VIII. 35 American Bittern, Ardea Minor..is another nocturnal species, common to all our sea and river marshes.1813 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. VIII. 37 Least Bittern: Ardea exilis..is commonly found in fresh water meadows.1831 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. III. 53 The least bittern is also found in Jamaica.a1857 H. W. Longfellow Sunrise on Hills 18 The noisy bittern wheeled his..way.1957 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VI. 115 It seems to be generally conceded that the whole European population of little bitterns winters in Africa.1957 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VI. 134 American bittern..An Accidental Visitor which has occurred about fifty times in Britain.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2016).

bitternn.²

/ˈbɪtən/

Etymology: < bitter adj. (perhaps dialect form of bittering).

a. The mother water or lye which remains after the crystallization of common salt from sea-water or the brine of salt-springs. It contains sulphate and chloride of magnesium, bromine, iodine, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > salt manufacture > [noun] > water remaining after salt crystallization

bittern1682

1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 54 The Bittern in Refining of French Salt, is a Liquor separated from it, that resembles Sack in Colour, but Gall in Tast.

1823 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 9) I. viii. 405 The uncrystallizable part called bittern.

1879 G. Gladstone Salt in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 354 The deliquescent and non-crystallisable ingredients constitute..the bitterns which drain from the stacks of sea salt.

1883 Knowledge 15 June 354/2 The..bittern is employed as a source from which other substances are prepared, as..bromine.

b. attrib.

ΚΠ

1756 S. Hales in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 327 The saline spirit arises chiefly from the bittern salt.

1772 Monro in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 30 Sea salt mixed with a bittern and oily matter.

2. A name applied to bitter substances used for different purposes; spec. (also bitterin, bittering) an old trade name for a mixture of quassia and other drugs employed in adulterating beer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > preparation used for adulteration

bittern1775

bittering1864

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > bitterness or acridity > bitter substance

bitterOE

austere1684

bittern1775

gall-drop1796

absinth1843

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 403 The water is sufficiently impregnated with the intoxicating bittern.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2016).

单词	bittern
释义	bitternn.¹ /ˈbɪtən/ Forms: α. Middle English botor, botur(e, Middle English botore, botoore, botowre, butturre, buttir, Middle English–1600s butor, 1500s buttour, buttur, buttour, buture, 1600s bewter, boter, butter; dial.1600s buttal, 1700s blitter. β. bitoure, biture, Middle English bitore, bytore, betoure, Middle English betore, betowre, bytturre, Middle English–1600s bittor, 1500s bitture, bytture, bittarde, byture, byter, bytter, 1500s–1600s bitter, bitour, byttour, 1500s–1700s bittour, 1600s byttur. γ. 1500s bittorn, 1600s bitturn, bitterne, bittorne, 1600s– bittern. (Also dial.1600s– bitterbump, butter-bump n.) Etymology: Middle English botor, < Old French butor, of obscure origin, perhaps related to rare Latin būtiōn-em in same sense. (The medieval Latin butorius, bitorius are < the modern languages) The English forms in byt-, bit- probably represent French ü. The French had a feminine butorde, with which compare 16th cent. English bittarde. The final -n in 16th cent. bittorn, modern bittern, is due to some mistaken analogy: compare alder, aldern, elder, eldern, etc. The modern Latin zoological name botaurus, is an adaptation of the Old French and Middle English botor, with a reference to a fanciful derivation < bos taurus, taurus being applied by Pliny (x. xlii), to a bird that bellows like an ox, and the bittern being called taureau d'etang, boeuf de marais, meerrind, moosochse, and similar names in many languages. A genus of grallatorial birds ( Botaurus), nearly allied to the herons, but smaller. spec. The species B. stellaris, a native of Europe and the adjoining parts of the Old World, but now rare in Great Britain on account of the disappearance of the marshes which it frequents. It is noted for the ‘boom’ which it utters during the breeding season, whence its popular names mire-drum, and bull of the bog, and the scientific term botaurus (see above). With qualifying adj., as American bittern n. Botaurus lentiginosus of N. America. least bittern n. Ixobrychus exilis of N. America. little bittern n. any of several small bitterns of the genus Ixobrychus. See also sun-bittern n. at sun n.¹ Compounds 3b). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > member of genus Botaurus (bittern) bitternc1330 mire-druma1398 butterbump1671 bog-bumper1804 bumble1813 bog-blitter1815 bull-of-the-bog1815 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > genus Ixobrychus (little bittern) little bitternc1330 water hen1678 least bitterna1813 spurwing1842 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ardeidae (herons and bitterns) > member of genus Botaurus (bittern) > miscellaneous types of American bitternc1330 bitternc1330 shitepoke1775 dunkadooa1813 matuku1847 stake-driver1872 thunder-pumper1877 α., β. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 131 Bitorius, pintorus, wrenna. (App. some mistake.)] c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3130 Swannes, pecokes and botors. c1386 Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 116 As a Bitore [v.r. bytore, bitor, betoure] bombleth in the Myre. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xiii. 22 And bitouris [1382 ȝellende foules; L. ululæ; 1611 wild beasts of the islands] schulen answere there. c1430 Lydgate Minor Poems (1840) 202 The botoore that etith the greet eel. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 35 To wodcok, snype, curlue also, Þe betore in fere with hom schalle goo. 1486 Bk. St. Alban's F vj. A Sege of betouris. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.iii, The Better [?1553 Bitter] with his bumpe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 202/1 Buttour a byrde, butor. 1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII xi. §5 Euery egge of euery bittour, heroune, or shouelarde. viiid. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. ii. f. 41^v/1, Cranes, geese, bittardes. 1600 Sc. Acts 16 Jas. VI xxiii, Skaildraik, Herron, Butter, or any sic kynde of fowlles. 1620 J. Mason Briefe Disc. New-found-land 4 Butters, blacke Birds with red breastes. 1627 P. Fletcher Locustæ i. viii, Their hoarse-base-hornes like fenny Bittours sound. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia epidemica iii. xxv. §4 That a Bittor maketh that mugient noyse, or as we terme it Bumping by putting its bill into a reed. 1691 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words Coll. 91 A Buttal; a Bittern. 1788 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 387 But the houlet cry'd frae the Castle-wa', The blitter frae the boggie. γ. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Kii ^v, The partryche, plouer, byttore & heronsewe.1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xxiv. 11 The cormorant and the bitterne shall possesse it. View more context for this quotation1638 J. Suckling Aglaura iii. i, A Bittorne whooping in a reed is better music.1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 209 The Hawk hath struck down the Bitturn.1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. 493 The Little Bittern..was shot as it perched on one of the trees in the Quarry or public walks in Shrewsbury.1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 44 The hollow-sounding bittern guards its nest.1810 Scott Lady of Lake i. 39 And the bittern sound his drum, Booming from the sedgy shallow.1813 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. VIII. 35 American Bittern, Ardea Minor..is another nocturnal species, common to all our sea and river marshes.1813 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. VIII. 37 Least Bittern: Ardea exilis..is commonly found in fresh water meadows.1831 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. III. 53 The least bittern is also found in Jamaica.a1857 H. W. Longfellow Sunrise on Hills 18 The noisy bittern wheeled his..way.1957 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VI. 115 It seems to be generally conceded that the whole European population of little bitterns winters in Africa.1957 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles VI. 134 American bittern..An Accidental Visitor which has occurred about fifty times in Britain. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2016). bitternn.² /ˈbɪtən/ Etymology: < bitter adj. (perhaps dialect form of bittering). 1. a. The mother water or lye which remains after the crystallization of common salt from sea-water or the brine of salt-springs. It contains sulphate and chloride of magnesium, bromine, iodine, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > salt manufacture > [noun] > water remaining after salt crystallization bittern1682 1682 J. Collins Salt & Fishery 54 The Bittern in Refining of French Salt, is a Liquor separated from it, that resembles Sack in Colour, but Gall in Tast. 1823 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 9) I. viii. 405 The uncrystallizable part called bittern. 1879 G. Gladstone Salt in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 354 The deliquescent and non-crystallisable ingredients constitute..the bitterns which drain from the stacks of sea salt. 1883 Knowledge 15 June 354/2 The..bittern is employed as a source from which other substances are prepared, as..bromine. b. attrib. ΚΠ 1756 S. Hales in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 327 The saline spirit arises chiefly from the bittern salt. 1772 Monro in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 30 Sea salt mixed with a bittern and oily matter. 2. A name applied to bitter substances used for different purposes; spec. (also bitterin, bittering) an old trade name for a mixture of quassia and other drugs employed in adulterating beer. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > preparation used for adulteration bittern1775 bittering1864 the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > bitterness or acridity > bitter substance bitterOE austere1684 bittern1775 gall-drop1796 absinth1843 1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 403 The water is sufficiently impregnated with the intoxicating bittern. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2016). < n.¹c1330n.²1682
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bitternn.1

bitternn.2

bitternn.¹

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