bistren.

Brit.

/ˈbɪstə/, U.S.

/ˈbɪstər/

Forms: Also bister.

Etymology: < French bistre, in same sense: see below.In form, bistre comes near to a series of Germanic words, Old Norse bistr angry, knitting one's brows, Swedish, Danish bister angry, fierce, raging, grim, Dutch bijster bewildered, Low German biester having lost one's way; also ‘dark, dismal, gloomy’ Flügel. Of these Franck takes the Flemish bijstier as apparently the most etymological form, and would refer it to a Germanic *bi-stiuri with the notion of ‘deranged, disturbed, amazed.’ If this be the derivation, these words can hardly be related to the French bistre, as they might be if ‘gloomy, dark’ were the radical notion. Mr. H. Bradley compares Old French behistre, beïstre, variant of besistre bissextile, meaning, 1. the bissextile day in February, 2. unlucky event, disaster, calamity, 3. ‘a horrible storm or tempest in the aire’ (Cotgrave); whence the notions of ‘dismal, gloomy, grim, raging, etc.’ might be plausibly derived; but historical evidence as to connection between the various words is wanting.

A brown pigment prepared from common soot; the colour of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments

brown1549

umberc1568

castory1590

wood-colour1622

burnt umbera1650

Cologne earth1658

Spanish brown1660

raw umber1702

bistre1728

Siena1787

raw sienna1797

Terra Siennaa1817

sepia1821

brown ochre1823

bone brown1831

indigo-brown1838

mummy1854

Cassel brown1860

Prussian brown1860

mineral brown1869

Cappagh brown1875

Verona brown1889

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Bister, or Bistre, among Painters, a Colour made of Chimney-Soot boil'd, and afterwards diluted with Water.

1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 58 One set, of six folios, is lettered in gold upon bister.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlix. 467 A dark sky, something between the bistre of the frost smoke and the indigo of our thunder clouds at home.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxix. 241 The frost-smoke is all around us in bistre-colored vapor.

1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 79 Published in aqua-tinta, in imitation of bistre or India-ink drawings.

1881 Nature 6 Jan. 223/1 Complexion mainly of a bister or brown colour.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bistre
释义	bistren. Brit. /ˈbɪstə/, U.S. /ˈbɪstər/ Forms: Also bister. Etymology: < French bistre, in same sense: see below.In form, bistre comes near to a series of Germanic words, Old Norse bistr angry, knitting one's brows, Swedish, Danish bister angry, fierce, raging, grim, Dutch bijster bewildered, Low German biester having lost one's way; also ‘dark, dismal, gloomy’ Flügel. Of these Franck takes the Flemish bijstier as apparently the most etymological form, and would refer it to a Germanic bi-stiuri with the notion of ‘deranged, disturbed, amazed.’ If this be the derivation, these words can hardly be related to the French bistre, as they might be if ‘gloomy, dark’ were the radical notion. Mr. H. Bradley compares Old French behistre, beïstre, variant of besistre* bissextile, meaning, 1. the bissextile day in February, 2. unlucky event, disaster, calamity, 3. ‘a horrible storm or tempest in the aire’ (Cotgrave); whence the notions of ‘dismal, gloomy, grim, raging, etc.’ might be plausibly derived; but historical evidence as to connection between the various words is wanting. A brown pigment prepared from common soot; the colour of this. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments brown1549 umberc1568 castory1590 wood-colour1622 burnt umbera1650 Cologne earth1658 Spanish brown1660 raw umber1702 bistre1728 Siena1787 raw sienna1797 Terra Siennaa1817 sepia1821 brown ochre1823 bone brown1831 indigo-brown1838 mummy1854 Cassel brown1860 Prussian brown1860 mineral brown1869 Cappagh brown1875 Verona brown1889 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Bister, or Bistre, among Painters, a Colour made of Chimney-Soot boil'd, and afterwards diluted with Water. 1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 58 One set, of six folios, is lettered in gold upon bister. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlix. 467 A dark sky, something between the bistre of the frost smoke and the indigo of our thunder clouds at home. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxix. 241 The frost-smoke is all around us in bistre-colored vapor. 1862 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 79 Published in aqua-tinta, in imitation of bistre or India-ink drawings. 1881 Nature 6 Jan. 223/1 Complexion mainly of a bister or brown colour. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1728
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