free schooln.

Brit.

/ˌfriː ˈskuːl/, U.S.

/ˌfri ˈskul/

Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and school n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: free adj., school n.¹

Etymology: < free adj. + school n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin schola libera and libera schola (a1418 in an isolated attestation from an Irish source; no later than 1552 in English sources, 1572 in Bavaria, and 1594 in Denmark).From the mid-19th cent. onwards, it was sometimes argued that 'free (grammar) school' was a translation of post-classical Latin libera schola (grammaticalis), and that the word liber in this phrase must mean e.g. ‘exempt from ecclesiastical control' rather than 'not charging fees’. In fact, in English sources the English phrase seems to antedate the Latin one. Moreover, Latin liber appears to refer to the provision of education free of charge in the first Irish attestation of schola libera, in the Book of Lecan (quoted in C. O'Conor Bibliotheca MS. Stowensis (1818-1819) 1 223 n), which refers to one of the Mac Fhirbhisigh family as aperto hospitio, et schola libera 60 annos aperta, insignis ‘noted for his open hospitality and for his free school, kept open for sixty years’; Latin libere does so unambiguously in a document of 1482 from Stratford-upon-Avon (VCH Warwickshire, 2:332 n 13), which calls for the engagement of a priest ad docendum Gramaticam libere omnibus scolaribus..nichil capiendo de scolaribus pro doctrina sua ‘to teach grammar freely to all pupils..taking nothing from the pupils for his instruction’. Free schools might indeed charge fees to certain pupils, and in some cases the ideal of free education may have become purely theoretical.

1. A school which provides teaching free of charge (see also etymological note). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school

free school1500

common school1503

public school1636

state school1806

national school1814

burgh-school1864

board-school1873

provided school1902

council school1908

direct-grant school1945

1548 Chantry Certif. No. 22 in A. F. Leach Eng. Schools at Reform. (1897) 82 The chauntry of Blakebroke..Founded..by license obtained of Kinge Henry the Sixt to manteigne a discrete priest..to kepe a gramer scoole half free, that ys to seye, taking of scolers lerning gramer 8d. the quarter, and of others lerning to rede 4d. the quarter.

1488 Will of Sir Edmund Shaw (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/8) f. 101^v I woll that the said connyng Preeste kepe a Grammer scole contynually in the said Town of Stopforde [= Stockport]..and that he frely without any..salary asking..except only my salary..shall teach, etc.]

1500 Deed Found. Lancaster Grammar Sch. in National Observer (1896) 3 Oct. 578 [The master shall be] a profound grammarian, keping a Fre Scole, teching..the childer unto the utmost profitt, nothing taking therefor.

1503 Will of Sir John Percyvale (Macclesfield 1877) 5 I woll that the said preest shall alway kepe..in the said Town of Maxfeld a Fre Grammar Scole.]

c1512 Ordinance Agnes Mellers (MS. c. 1590) in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 453 [She founds at Nottingham] a Free Schole of one maister and Usher..[They are forbidden to] take any other gift..whereby the scollers or their friends should be charged but at the pleasure of the friends of the scholars, save the wages to be paid by the said Guardians.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxi. f. clxxxxviii He [sc. King Alfred] ordeyned the firste grammer Scole at Oxenford, and other free Scoles.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D3 Be there not..free schooles, where youth may bee brought vp in learning Gratis without any charges to their parents?

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. C^v A free schoole of skolds shalbe set vp for the nonce.

1599 Will of P. Blundell in Rep. Commissioners Charities in Eng. (1820) III. App. 136 [Founding Tiverton Grammar School] My meaning is yt shall be for ever a Free Schole and not a Schole of exaction.

1634 J. Barton Art of Rhetorick (title page) By I. B. Master of the free-school of Kinfare in Staffordshire.

1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 116 There is also a free schoole setled att Carickfergus, which is maintained by the Bishop, Clergy, &c.

1727 in Orig. Bk. Statutes Bury Grammar School (1863) I have ordered my Free Schole of Bury to be free to all boys born in the parish..yet my intent is..not to debar [the masters] from that common priviledg in all Free Scholes of receiving presents, benevolences, gratuities from the scholars.

1759 O. Goldsmith Bee 10 Nov. 162 The manner in which our youth of London are at present educated is, some in free schools in the city, but the far greater number in boarding schools about town.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 164 One needs but go from a charity-school in an English county to a free-school in Massachusetts, to see [etc.].

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. vii. 104 It's a poor boy from the free-school.

1883 Harper's Mag. July 226/1 She sent him to Mr. Love, who then held the post of master of the free school formerly taught by her husband.

1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South i. iii. 78 These same men would take the lead in indignantly rejecting the Yankee idea of universal free schools maintained at the public charge.

1970 H. A. Buetow Of Singular Benefit i. 29 In 1723, the Assembly again enacted a law that furthered the founding of county free schools in Maryland.

2005 Kenilworth Weekly News (Nexis) 7 June The non-conformists..placed a high importance on education by opening the town's first free school.

2. An independently run school based on the principle that children should be allowed to develop without the restrictions imposed by examinations, authority, and other features of traditional education.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > other types of school

writing schoola1475

rectory1536

spelling school1704

greycoat1706

rural school1734

Charter School1763

home school1770

Philanthropine1797

British school1819

side school1826

prep school1829

trade school1829

Progymnasium1833

finishing-school1836

field schoola1840

field school1846

prairie school1851

graded school1852

model school1854

Philanthropinum1856

stagiary school1861

grade school1869

middle school1870

language school1878

correspondence school1889

day continuation school1889

prep1891

Sunday school1901

farm school1903

weekend school1907

Charter School1912

folk high school1914

pre-kindergarten1922

Rabfak1924

cram-shop1926

free school1926

crammer1931

composite school1943

outward-bound1943

blackboard jungle1954

pathshala1956

Vo-Tech1956

St. Trinian's1958

juku1962

cadre school1966

telecentre1967

academy2000

academy school2000

1926 A. S. Neill Probl. Child xvi. 209 The Germans had a free school, rather like King Alfred School, in London. A school with co-education, much freedom, no punishments, no rewards.

1968 Time 2 Feb. 60/3 Children who emerge from such a free school tend to be behind in factual knowledge..but they catch up quickly because they are better able to interpret what they read.

1977 Undercurrents June 16/2 Down in West Cork settlers use the local protestant primary schools or none rather than send children to catholic schools. I suppose in due course free schools and play schools will be formed in country areas.

2007 Seattle Times (Nexis) 1 Apr. There used to be thousands of ‘free’ schools back in the 1960s and 1970s, according to Jerry Mintz of the Alternative Education Resource Organization.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	free school
释义	free schooln. Brit. /ˌfriː ˈskuːl/, U.S. /ˌfri ˈskul/ Forms: see free adj., n., and adv. and school n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: free adj., school n.¹ Etymology: < free adj. + school n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin schola libera and libera schola (a1418 in an isolated attestation from an Irish source; no later than 1552 in English sources, 1572 in Bavaria, and 1594 in Denmark).From the mid-19th cent. onwards, it was sometimes argued that 'free (grammar) school' was a translation of post-classical Latin libera schola (grammaticalis), and that the word liber in this phrase must mean e.g. ‘exempt from ecclesiastical control' rather than 'not charging fees’. In fact, in English sources the English phrase seems to antedate the Latin one. Moreover, Latin liber appears to refer to the provision of education free of charge in the first Irish attestation of schola libera, in the Book of Lecan (quoted in C. O'Conor Bibliotheca MS. Stowensis (1818-1819) 1 223 n), which refers to one of the Mac Fhirbhisigh family as aperto hospitio, et schola libera 60 annos aperta, insignis ‘noted for his open hospitality and for his free school, kept open for sixty years’; Latin libere does so unambiguously in a document of 1482 from Stratford-upon-Avon (VCH Warwickshire, 2:332 n 13), which calls for the engagement of a priest ad docendum Gramaticam libere omnibus scolaribus..nichil capiendo de scolaribus pro doctrina sua ‘to teach grammar freely to all pupils..taking nothing from the pupils for his instruction’. Free schools might indeed charge fees to certain pupils, and in some cases the ideal of free education may have become purely theoretical. 1. A school which provides teaching free of charge (see also etymological note). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school free school1500 common school1503 public school1636 state school1806 national school1814 burgh-school1864 board-school1873 provided school1902 council school1908 direct-grant school1945 1548 Chantry Certif. No. 22 in A. F. Leach Eng. Schools at Reform. (1897) 82 The chauntry of Blakebroke..Founded..by license obtained of Kinge Henry the Sixt to manteigne a discrete priest..to kepe a gramer scoole half free, that ys to seye, taking of scolers lerning gramer 8d. the quarter, and of others lerning to rede 4d. the quarter. 1488 Will of Sir Edmund Shaw (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/8) f. 101^v I woll that the said connyng Preeste kepe a Grammer scole contynually in the said Town of Stopforde [= Stockport]..and that he frely without any..salary asking..except only my salary..shall teach, etc.] 1500 Deed Found. Lancaster Grammar Sch. in National Observer (1896) 3 Oct. 578 [The master shall be] a profound grammarian, keping a Fre Scole, teching..the childer unto the utmost profitt, nothing taking therefor. 1503 Will of Sir John Percyvale (Macclesfield 1877) 5 I woll that the said preest shall alway kepe..in the said Town of Maxfeld a Fre Grammar Scole.] c1512 Ordinance Agnes Mellers (MS. c. 1590) in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 453 [She founds at Nottingham] a Free Schole of one maister and Usher..[They are forbidden to] take any other gift..whereby the scollers or their friends should be charged but at the pleasure of the friends of the scholars, save the wages to be paid by the said Guardians. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxi. f. clxxxxviii He [sc. King Alfred] ordeyned the firste grammer Scole at Oxenford, and other free Scoles. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D3 Be there not..free schooles, where youth may bee brought vp in learning Gratis without any charges to their parents? 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. C^v A free schoole of skolds shalbe set vp for the nonce. 1599 Will of P. Blundell in Rep. Commissioners Charities in Eng. (1820) III. App. 136 [Founding Tiverton Grammar School] My meaning is yt shall be for ever a Free Schole and not a Schole of exaction. 1634 J. Barton Art of Rhetorick (title page) By I. B. Master of the free-school of Kinfare in Staffordshire. 1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 116 There is also a free schoole setled att Carickfergus, which is maintained by the Bishop, Clergy, &c. 1727 in Orig. Bk. Statutes Bury Grammar School (1863) I have ordered my Free Schole of Bury to be free to all boys born in the parish..yet my intent is..not to debar [the masters] from that common priviledg in all Free Scholes of receiving presents, benevolences, gratuities from the scholars. 1759 O. Goldsmith Bee 10 Nov. 162 The manner in which our youth of London are at present educated is, some in free schools in the city, but the far greater number in boarding schools about town. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 164 One needs but go from a charity-school in an English county to a free-school in Massachusetts, to see [etc.]. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. vii. 104 It's a poor boy from the free-school. 1883 Harper's Mag. July 226/1 She sent him to Mr. Love, who then held the post of master of the free school formerly taught by her husband. 1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South i. iii. 78 These same men would take the lead in indignantly rejecting the Yankee idea of universal free schools maintained at the public charge. 1970 H. A. Buetow Of Singular Benefit i. 29 In 1723, the Assembly again enacted a law that furthered the founding of county free schools in Maryland. 2005 Kenilworth Weekly News (Nexis) 7 June The non-conformists..placed a high importance on education by opening the town's first free school. 2. An independently run school based on the principle that children should be allowed to develop without the restrictions imposed by examinations, authority, and other features of traditional education. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > other types of school writing schoola1475 rectory1536 spelling school1704 greycoat1706 rural school1734 Charter School1763 home school1770 Philanthropine1797 British school1819 side school1826 prep school1829 trade school1829 Progymnasium1833 finishing-school1836 field schoola1840 field school1846 prairie school1851 graded school1852 model school1854 Philanthropinum1856 stagiary school1861 grade school1869 middle school1870 language school1878 correspondence school1889 day continuation school1889 prep1891 Sunday school1901 farm school1903 weekend school1907 Charter School1912 folk high school1914 pre-kindergarten1922 Rabfak1924 cram-shop1926 free school1926 crammer1931 composite school1943 outward-bound1943 blackboard jungle1954 pathshala1956 Vo-Tech1956 St. Trinian's1958 juku1962 cadre school1966 telecentre1967 academy2000 academy school2000 1926 A. S. Neill Probl. Child xvi. 209 The Germans had a free school, rather like King Alfred School, in London. A school with co-education, much freedom, no punishments, no rewards. 1968 Time 2 Feb. 60/3 Children who emerge from such a free school tend to be behind in factual knowledge..but they catch up quickly because they are better able to interpret what they read. 1977 Undercurrents June 16/2 Down in West Cork settlers use the local protestant primary schools or none rather than send children to catholic schools. I suppose in due course free schools and play schools will be formed in country areas. 2007 Seattle Times (Nexis) 1 Apr. There used to be thousands of ‘free’ schools back in the 1960s and 1970s, according to Jerry Mintz of the Alternative Education Resource Organization. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1500
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