scotoman.

Brit.

/skə(ʊ)ˈtəʊmə/, U.S.

/skoʊˈtoʊmə/,

/skəˈtoʊmə/

Inflections: Plural scotomata, scotomas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin scotoma.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin scotoma dizziness, vertigo (1267 in a British source), loss of vision in part of the visual field (1785 or earlier) < Hellenistic Greek σκότωμα dizziness < ancient Greek σκοτοῦν to darken, make dim-sighted ( < σκότος darkness: see scoto- comb. form²) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). With sense 2 compare German Skotom (1803 or earlier), French scotome (1855).

†1. Medicine. Dizziness or vertigo, esp. when accompanied by impairment of vision; an instance of this. Cf. scotomia n., scotomy n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > vertigo > [noun] > with dim sight

scotomiaa1400

scotomya1400

scotoma1543

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > dimness or poor vision

dimnessc825

misteOE

mistinessa1382

scotomiaa1400

scotomya1400

obfuscation?a1425

scotoma1543

purblindness1552

sand-blindness1552

caligation1615

caliginousness1620

weak-sightedness1632

cecutiency1646

caliginosity1657

dimsightedness1662

dim1726

caligo1801

asthenopia1875

greying out?1942

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.vi^v/1 Scotomia... Some go about, to make a foolysh difference of scotoma, and vertigo.

1617 R. Brathwait Smoaking Age 103 in tr. ‘B. Multibibus’ Solemne Ioviall Disputation What herbes or plants soever were preservative against the Scotoma, Oedema, Lithiasis, Paralysis, Celphalgia [sic], Lycanthropia.

1668 W. Rowland tr. J. Feyens New Treat. Spirits & Wind x. 34 The Scotoma is, when there is not only a turning round, but a mist before the eyes.

?1785 S. Freeman Ladies Friend (ed. 3) 222 If, in any that have this disease, things appear to their eyes bloody and reddish, it foretells madness; if purple colour, the falling sickness; especially such that have the scotoma, or dark Vertigo.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 495 Hence, Linnéus..has even made scotoma, or dizziness with blindness and a tendency to swoon, a distinct genus also.

2. Chiefly Medicine and Ophthalmology. Total or partial loss of vision in a localized part of the visual field; an area of the visual field in which this occurs; a blind spot (also figurative). In early use also: †a floater in the vitreous humour (cf. muscae volitantes n.) (obsolete).Scotomata are sometimes divided into positive and negative, denoting those of which the persons affected are aware or unaware, respectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > limited visual field

hemiopia1811

scotoma1821

concentric contraction1858

hemianopia1882

hemianopsia1883

field defect1884

quadrantanopia1909

quadrantanopsia1910

macular sparing1940

tunnel vision1949

1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye II. 76 (note) The visus muscorum..is not uncommonly observed when the eye alternately looks at dark and bright objects. In such cases the Scotomata are moveable, and disappear at times entirely.

1826 Lancet 29 July 547/1 Floating bodies appearing before the eye have been called muscæ volitantes, and when only a single black speck is seen, it is called scotoma.

1875 H. Walton Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 645 Without limitation of the visual field or scotomata,..direct vision may be much diminished in the region of the yellow spot.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 219 Central scotoma, or loss of vision in the central part of the field, is common [in diabetes].

1943 Horizon Oct. 257 As with all neurotics, the confessions of Kierkegaard only contain a grain of the truth; the analytic scotoma constantly intervenes.

1992 Sci. Amer. May 91/1 A person is often completely unaware of a scotoma.

2006 Independent 28 Nov. (Extra section) 9/2 The rippling, or shimmering, light that I saw, and the distorted vision are classic symptoms (the small blurred area is known as a positive scotoma, meaning blind spot).

Derivatives

scoˈtomatous adj. [after German scotomatös (1865 or earlier)] of, relating to, or of the nature of (a) scotoma (sense 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [adjective] > having dimness or poor vision

darkOE

dima1220

bissona1250

murka1300

mistedc1450

obfuscatec1487

spurblind1508

sand-blind1538

dim-sighted1561

blinking1568

dimmed1590

weak-sighteda1591

purblind1592

sand-eyed1592

thick-eyed1598

left-eyed1609

mole-eyed1610

blindish1611

mole-sighted1625

sanded1629

veiled1633

weak-eyed1645

scotomatical1656

mole-blinda1660

swimming1697

wavering1842

foggy1847

scotomatous1866

clouding1868

wall-eyed1873

1866 Ophthalmic Rev. 2 355 But no essential change is observed within the scotomatous area.

1970 O. Sacks Migraine iii. 73 Cardinal characteristics of migraine aura, in its visual (scotomatous), tactile (paraesthetic), and aphasic forms.

2008 Jrnl. Neurol. Sci. 273 71/2 A partial visual field defect was not contiguous from top to bottom, and this category included quadrant, sector or scotomatous defects.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	scotoma
释义	scotoman. Brit. /skə(ʊ)ˈtəʊmə/, U.S. /skoʊˈtoʊmə/, /skəˈtoʊmə/ Inflections: Plural scotomata, scotomas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin scotoma. Etymology: < post-classical Latin scotoma dizziness, vertigo (1267 in a British source), loss of vision in part of the visual field (1785 or earlier) < Hellenistic Greek σκότωμα dizziness < ancient Greek σκοτοῦν to darken, make dim-sighted ( < σκότος darkness: see scoto- comb. form²) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). With sense 2 compare German Skotom (1803 or earlier), French scotome (1855). †1. Medicine. Dizziness or vertigo, esp. when accompanied by impairment of vision; an instance of this. Cf. scotomia n., scotomy n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > vertigo > [noun] > with dim sight scotomiaa1400 scotomya1400 scotoma1543 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > dimness or poor vision dimnessc825 misteOE mistinessa1382 scotomiaa1400 scotomya1400 obfuscation?a1425 scotoma1543 purblindness1552 sand-blindness1552 caligation1615 caliginousness1620 weak-sightedness1632 cecutiency1646 caliginosity1657 dimsightedness1662 dim1726 caligo1801 asthenopia1875 greying out?1942 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.vi^v/1 Scotomia... Some go about, to make a foolysh difference of scotoma, and vertigo. 1617 R. Brathwait Smoaking Age 103 in tr. ‘B. Multibibus’ Solemne Ioviall Disputation What herbes or plants soever were preservative against the Scotoma, Oedema, Lithiasis, Paralysis, Celphalgia [sic], Lycanthropia. 1668 W. Rowland tr. J. Feyens New Treat. Spirits & Wind x. 34 The Scotoma is, when there is not only a turning round, but a mist before the eyes. ?1785 S. Freeman Ladies Friend (ed. 3) 222 If, in any that have this disease, things appear to their eyes bloody and reddish, it foretells madness; if purple colour, the falling sickness; especially such that have the scotoma, or dark Vertigo. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 495 Hence, Linnéus..has even made scotoma, or dizziness with blindness and a tendency to swoon, a distinct genus also. 2. Chiefly Medicine and Ophthalmology. Total or partial loss of vision in a localized part of the visual field; an area of the visual field in which this occurs; a blind spot (also figurative). In early use also: †a floater in the vitreous humour (cf. muscae volitantes n.) (obsolete).Scotomata are sometimes divided into positive and negative, denoting those of which the persons affected are aware or unaware, respectively. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > limited visual field hemiopia1811 scotoma1821 concentric contraction1858 hemianopia1882 hemianopsia1883 field defect1884 quadrantanopia1909 quadrantanopsia1910 macular sparing1940 tunnel vision1949 1821 G. C. Monteath tr. C. H. Weller Man. Dis. Human Eye II. 76 (note) The visus muscorum..is not uncommonly observed when the eye alternately looks at dark and bright objects. In such cases the Scotomata are moveable, and disappear at times entirely. 1826 Lancet 29 July 547/1 Floating bodies appearing before the eye have been called muscæ volitantes, and when only a single black speck is seen, it is called scotoma. 1875 H. Walton Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 645 Without limitation of the visual field or scotomata,..direct vision may be much diminished in the region of the yellow spot. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 219 Central scotoma, or loss of vision in the central part of the field, is common [in diabetes]. 1943 Horizon Oct. 257 As with all neurotics, the confessions of Kierkegaard only contain a grain of the truth; the analytic scotoma constantly intervenes. 1992 Sci. Amer. May 91/1 A person is often completely unaware of a scotoma. 2006 Independent 28 Nov. (Extra section) 9/2 The rippling, or shimmering, light that I saw, and the distorted vision are classic symptoms (the small blurred area is known as a positive scotoma, meaning blind spot). Derivatives scoˈtomatous adj. [after German scotomatös (1865 or earlier)] of, relating to, or of the nature of (a) scotoma (sense 2). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [adjective] > having dimness or poor vision darkOE dima1220 bissona1250 murka1300 mistedc1450 obfuscatec1487 spurblind1508 sand-blind1538 dim-sighted1561 blinking1568 dimmed1590 weak-sighteda1591 purblind1592 sand-eyed1592 thick-eyed1598 left-eyed1609 mole-eyed1610 blindish1611 mole-sighted1625 sanded1629 veiled1633 weak-eyed1645 scotomatical1656 mole-blinda1660 swimming1697 wavering1842 foggy1847 scotomatous1866 clouding1868 wall-eyed1873 1866 Ophthalmic Rev. 2 355 But no essential change is observed within the scotomatous area. 1970 O. Sacks Migraine iii. 73 Cardinal characteristics of migraine aura, in its visual (scotomatous), tactile (paraesthetic), and aphasic forms. 2008 Jrnl. Neurol. Sci. 273 71/2 A partial visual field defect was not contiguous from top to bottom, and this category included quadrant, sector or scotomatous defects. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1543
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