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单词 roofless
释义

rooflessadj.

Brit. /ˈruːfləs/, /ˈrʊfləs/, U.S. /ˈrufləs/, /ˈrʊfləs/
Forms: see roof n. and -less suffix.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roof n., -less suffix.
Etymology: < roof n. + -less suffix.
1. Of land: that does not have a building or buildings on it; empty, uninhabited. Now usually literary. Cf. roof n. 2.rare before 20th cent., except in roofless tenement n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > country as opposed to town > [adjective] > without buildings, houses, etc.
rooflessOE
unbuilded1519
unbigged1555
unhoused1582
unbuilt1631
dwellingless1882
OE Charter: Bp. Ealdred to Æðelstan (Sawyer 1406) (transcript of lost MS) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 208 Þæt synd twa hida mid þam þe he ær hæfde & mid þam hrofleasan lande.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 383/1 Rus,..a place without house or building therevpon, where the fields be tilled: the countrie: a roofelesse farme.
1924 Everybody's Feb. 179/1 The uplands of the Nevada-California line above the Colorado River... A wide, roofless country, this latter, and colored like a box of paints.
1930 H. Garland Roadside Meetings 185 There was something confident, joyous, graceful in this roofless land of the horseman, the miner, and the hunter.
1975 D. Healey in D. Marcus Best Irish Short Stories (1976) I. 91 The Leitrim-Cavan border,..a roofless countryside without trees or soldiers or gunfire at night.
2. Of a building, or part of a building: that has no roof.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [adjective] > roofed > not
rooflessOE
unthatched1570
unvaulted1589
distectured1632
tect-demolished1632
unroofed1665
hypaethral1794
hupaithric1817
upaithric1819
disroofed1871
thatchless1882
OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 241 Parietina, roflease uel manlease ealde wealles.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 402 At Luton I saw a faire church but the Quier then roofelesse.
1663 W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 25 To be customary among the old Roman Architects, to form the like Porticoes in their Temples, and more particularly in such Temples, as properly belonged to the Aspect Hypæthros, or were Roofless.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iii. 25 The Wind made Glaud a Roofless Barn.
1793 W. Cowper Tale 38 Within that cavity aloft Their roofless home they fixt.
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. xiii. 159 He gazed around upon the roofless columns and shattered walls.
1877 D. M. Wallace Russia xxviii. 436 But the great majority of the houses were still roofless.
1924 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 4 114 The ware and tobacco houses fell into disrepair..becoming roofless and paneless.
1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill vii. 211 In the peaceful atmosphere of a roofless nave she calmed down.
2007 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Dec. 40 I slip inside the roofless ruin of Marconi's 1914 wireless station.
3. Of a person, etc.: not sheltered by a roof; (also) homeless.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [adjective] > homeless
homelessOE
harbourlessc1175
innlessa1325
houseless1357
placelessa1387
on the pavéc1450
unharbouredc1450
roomless1548
dishousedc1595
dislodged1602
unhouseda1616
unlodged1634
bedless1707
on the pavement1743
roofless1797
on (also upon) the street(s)1832
unhomed1839
dishomed1880
dwellingless1882
homesteadless1885
1797 Monthly Rev. 23 571 Wandering hordes, clotheless, roofless, and ferocious.
1838 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 1 The Irish peasant is starved, naked, and roofless.
1863 B. Jerrold Signals of Distress 58 These roofless creatures.
1883 Harper's Mag. June 132/1 He has furnished food and shelter to the tired and roofless.
1936 M. R. Anand Coolie iv. 283 You are the roofless..sweepers of dust and dirt.
1961 P. White Riders in Chariot viii. 236 You cannot tell me..that a home is not a home, with so many going roofless.
1987 M. Das Cyclones v. 22 He is roofless and without the means to raise a thatch over his head.
2002 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 15 Sept. 102/2 (headline) One of the roofless people.
4. Designating a game of poker played with no limit to the increase in the stakes. rare.
ΚΠ
1912 R. W. Service Rhymes of Rolling Stone 110 Your trouble was a roofless game of poker now and then.

Compounds

roofless tenement n. now historical a plot of land without a building upon it.
ΚΠ
1571 Grant 28 Feb. in G. H. Woodward Cal. Somerset Chantry Grants, 1548–1603 (1902) 111 James Meade..roofless tenement in Fore Street containing..pasture and 2 small closes.
1701 in Compl. Conveyancer 328 All that Toft or Roofless Tenement in T aforesaid, with their Appurtenances, containing by estimation eight Acres of Land, Meadow and Pasture.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Overland, a roofless tenement. Overlandfarm, a parcel of land without a house to it.
1999 Pract. Family Hist. Oct. 15/2 Tenement: Any land holding, a roofless tenement is one without a building on it.

Derivatives

ˈrooflessness n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > having no roof
rooflessness1827
1827 R. Chambers Picture of Scotl. II. 218 The townhouse..is now in ruins, and, owing at once to its blackness, its rooflessness, and the attrition which the weather has wrought,..has altogether a most haggard and dismal appearance.
1906 Pall Mall Mag. Dec. 792/1 In what way..does the rooflessness of my inner garden vex thee?
2007 D. Brooks Fern Tattoo xv. 246 The solidity of the marble staircases gave way to the sudden apparent rooflessness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.OE
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