Roman candlen.

Brit.

/ˌrəʊmən ˈkandl/, U.S.

/ˌroʊmən ˈkænd(ə)l/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Roman adj.¹, candle n.

Etymology: < Roman adj.¹ + candle n., probably after a parallel compound in another European language (compare the comment in quot. 1784), although all such compounds appear to be first attested later, compare e.g. Italian candela romana (1834 or earlier), French chandelle romaine (1835), German Römerkerze (1847 or earlier in this sense; 1837 or earlier denoting a large liturgical candle used in the last rites in the Roman Catholic Church); perhaps originally with reference to the transmission of the firework technique from China to Europe via the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, although see also note below. In sense 2 punningly after Roman Catholic n. In sense 3, the parachute descent or landing is apparently so called because the silk of the parachute appears to stream up from the falling parachutist in the manner of sparks from a firework.In view of the earlier attestation of Catherine wheel n. 3, it is possible that Roman candle n. originated in English and was semantically motivated by anti-Catholic feeling (for the association of fireworks and anti-Catholic propaganda, compare Gunpowder Plot n. at gunpowder n. Compounds 2a).

1. A cylindrical firework which discharges an upward stream or fountain of coloured sparks, stars, or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > Roman candle or gerbe

gerbe1765

Roman candle1769

1769 Public Advertiser 19 July 1/2 The Order of Firing..18. A Piece called The Fort with brilliant Fountains, Roman Candles, and Chinese Fires.

1784 London Mag. May 375/2 The manner of its bursting greatly resembled that of a fire-work, known by the name of a Roman candle abroad.

1799 F. T. Burton Artist's Arcanum 203 To charge the roman candles, Take half a tea-spoonful of corn powder, and then a star, and then two tea-spoonfuls of the composition, then a star, and so on alternately until the charge is complete.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. ix. 117 There were silver stars and golden stars, blue lights and Catherine-wheels,..Grecian-fires and Roman-candles.

1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 280 The signal rocket stars are also the best for Roman candles.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 July 2/1 The use or abuse of Roman candles, paper-caps, display pieces, small crackers, or..torpedoes.

1956 R. P. Blackmur Anni Mirabiles 10 New talents were flung off like sparks from a Catharine wheel or the blobs of light from a roman candle.

2006 Vancouver (Brit. Columbia) Province (Nexis) 8 Sept. a13 Traditional fireworks like the burning schoolhouse, fountains, golden rain, lawn lights, pinwheels, Roman candles and sparklers.

2. British slang (frequently derogatory). A Roman Catholic.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun]

papist1528

Romanist1534

Roman1537

Romist1543

papistic1545

popestant1549

flesh-maker1551

mass-monger1551

Romish1551

Pope catholicc1554

popeling1563

catholic1570

Romish Catholic1571

popera1577

Pope worshipper1579

papane1581

Roman Catholic1581

Cacolike1582

Cartholic1582

papisha1595

Babylonian1603

papal1611

popinian1613

Papalin1616

Romulist1620

papicolist1633

western1640

papagan1641

universalist1644

red-letter man1677

RC1691

Azymite1728

papalist1752

craw-thumper1786

catholicist1812

papisher1817

pontifical1832

Romanite1839

dogan1847

mickey1851

redneck1852

mackerel-snatcher1855

Latin1867

Romanensian1885

Roman candle1897

Mick1902

Mick Dooley1905

Mickey Doo1905

left-footer1911

Pape1927

right-footer1929

Doolan1940

tyke1941

Tim1958

mackerel-snapper1960

Teague1971

Mickey Doolan1972

1897 J. Carmichael Innovations 11 in Publ. Catholic Truth Soc. 34 ‘Yah! Roman candle!’ the little ones would scream, running out in a flock as she passed. ‘There's holy Mary, bin to worship her idols!’ the loutish boy would shout.

1941 G. Kersh They die with their Boots Clean ii. 57 There's services for C. of E-ers and Roman Candles.

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xvi. 344 In Staines, Catholics are ‘Roman Candles’, and R.C. children call the Protestants ‘Old Proddy Dogs’.

1980 A. N. Wilson Healing Art ix. 105 Think..of the razmatazz that would be made if Sourpuss were a Roman Candle.

1999 Evening News (Edinb.) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 11 Being married to a Roman Candle wife and our children being brought up Catholic, we shan't be participating in the annual guy burning ritual.

3. slang (originally R.A.F.). A parachute descent in the course of which the parachute fails to open (see Compounds); a parachute which fails to open; a person descending in this way. Also more generally: any disastrous or unsatisfactory landing.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > parachuting > [noun] > failure to open

Roman candle1942

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > unsatisfactory

Roman candle1942

1942 Winnipeg Free Press 23 Sept. 10/1 If a fellow's parachute doesn't open, we say he's had a ‘Roman candle’.

1946 S. Alsop & T. Braden Sub Rosa i. 39 The man catapulted to earth. He had become what paratroopers call ‘a Roman candle’.

1952 Chambers's Jrnl. May 261/2 In those days, the sight of some hapless individual streaming to earth with a ‘Roman candle’ (an undeveloped 'chute) was not exceptional.

1961 E. Waugh Unconditional Surrender ii. v. 141 The first thing the commandant asked when I reported Crouchback's accident. ‘A Roman Candle?’ he asked.

2004 B. Harvey China's Space Program x. 265 Should something go horribly wrong, like the parachute twist or Roman candle, then a reserve parachute can be ejected.

Compounds

attributive. slang (originally R.A.F.). Designating a parachute landing in which the parachute fails to open properly. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1942 Atlanta Constit. 7 May 19/7 If a landing is bad it's a Roman candle landing and a piece of duff means easy.

1943 C. H. Ward-Jackson It's a Piece of Cake 52 Roman candle landing, a bad landing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	roman candle
释义	Roman candlen. Brit. /ˌrəʊmən ˈkandl/, U.S. /ˌroʊmən ˈkænd(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Roman adj.¹, candle n. Etymology: < Roman adj.¹ + candle n., probably after a parallel compound in another European language (compare the comment in quot. 1784), although all such compounds appear to be first attested later, compare e.g. Italian candela romana (1834 or earlier), French chandelle romaine (1835), German Römerkerze (1847 or earlier in this sense; 1837 or earlier denoting a large liturgical candle used in the last rites in the Roman Catholic Church); perhaps originally with reference to the transmission of the firework technique from China to Europe via the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, although see also note below. In sense 2 punningly after Roman Catholic n. In sense 3, the parachute descent or landing is apparently so called because the silk of the parachute appears to stream up from the falling parachutist in the manner of sparks from a firework.In view of the earlier attestation of Catherine wheel n. 3, it is possible that Roman candle n. originated in English and was semantically motivated by anti-Catholic feeling (for the association of fireworks and anti-Catholic propaganda, compare Gunpowder Plot n. at gunpowder n. Compounds 2a). 1. A cylindrical firework which discharges an upward stream or fountain of coloured sparks, stars, or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > Roman candle or gerbe gerbe1765 Roman candle1769 1769 Public Advertiser 19 July 1/2 The Order of Firing..18. A Piece called The Fort with brilliant Fountains, Roman Candles, and Chinese Fires. 1784 London Mag. May 375/2 The manner of its bursting greatly resembled that of a fire-work, known by the name of a Roman candle abroad. 1799 F. T. Burton Artist's Arcanum 203 To charge the roman candles, Take half a tea-spoonful of corn powder, and then a star, and then two tea-spoonfuls of the composition, then a star, and so on alternately until the charge is complete. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. ix. 117 There were silver stars and golden stars, blue lights and Catherine-wheels,..Grecian-fires and Roman-candles. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 280 The signal rocket stars are also the best for Roman candles. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 July 2/1 The use or abuse of Roman candles, paper-caps, display pieces, small crackers, or..torpedoes. 1956 R. P. Blackmur Anni Mirabiles 10 New talents were flung off like sparks from a Catharine wheel or the blobs of light from a roman candle. 2006 Vancouver (Brit. Columbia) Province (Nexis) 8 Sept. a13 Traditional fireworks like the burning schoolhouse, fountains, golden rain, lawn lights, pinwheels, Roman candles and sparklers. 2. British slang (frequently derogatory). A Roman Catholic. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun] papist1528 Romanist1534 Roman1537 Romist1543 papistic1545 popestant1549 flesh-maker1551 mass-monger1551 Romish1551 Pope catholicc1554 popeling1563 catholic1570 Romish Catholic1571 popera1577 Pope worshipper1579 papane1581 Roman Catholic1581 Cacolike1582 Cartholic1582 papisha1595 Babylonian1603 papal1611 popinian1613 Papalin1616 Romulist1620 papicolist1633 western1640 papagan1641 universalist1644 red-letter man1677 RC1691 Azymite1728 papalist1752 craw-thumper1786 catholicist1812 papisher1817 pontifical1832 Romanite1839 dogan1847 mickey1851 redneck1852 mackerel-snatcher1855 Latin1867 Romanensian1885 Roman candle1897 Mick1902 Mick Dooley1905 Mickey Doo1905 left-footer1911 Pape1927 right-footer1929 Doolan1940 tyke1941 Tim1958 mackerel-snapper1960 Teague1971 Mickey Doolan1972 1897 J. Carmichael Innovations 11 in Publ. Catholic Truth Soc. 34 ‘Yah! Roman candle!’ the little ones would scream, running out in a flock as she passed. ‘There's holy Mary, bin to worship her idols!’ the loutish boy would shout. 1941 G. Kersh They die with their Boots Clean ii. 57 There's services for C. of E-ers and Roman Candles. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xvi. 344 In Staines, Catholics are ‘Roman Candles’, and R.C. children call the Protestants ‘Old Proddy Dogs’. 1980 A. N. Wilson Healing Art ix. 105 Think..of the razmatazz that would be made if Sourpuss were a Roman Candle. 1999 Evening News (Edinb.) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 11 Being married to a Roman Candle wife and our children being brought up Catholic, we shan't be participating in the annual guy burning ritual. 3. slang (originally R.A.F.). A parachute descent in the course of which the parachute fails to open (see Compounds); a parachute which fails to open; a person descending in this way. Also more generally: any disastrous or unsatisfactory landing. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > parachuting > [noun] > failure to open Roman candle1942 society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [noun] > landing > unsatisfactory Roman candle1942 1942 Winnipeg Free Press 23 Sept. 10/1 If a fellow's parachute doesn't open, we say he's had a ‘Roman candle’. 1946 S. Alsop & T. Braden Sub Rosa i. 39 The man catapulted to earth. He had become what paratroopers call ‘a Roman candle’. 1952 Chambers's Jrnl. May 261/2 In those days, the sight of some hapless individual streaming to earth with a ‘Roman candle’ (an undeveloped 'chute) was not exceptional. 1961 E. Waugh Unconditional Surrender ii. v. 141 The first thing the commandant asked when I reported Crouchback's accident. ‘A Roman Candle?’ he asked. 2004 B. Harvey China's Space Program x. 265 Should something go horribly wrong, like the parachute twist or Roman candle, then a reserve parachute can be ejected. Compounds attributive. slang (originally R.A.F.). Designating a parachute landing in which the parachute fails to open properly. Now rare. ΚΠ 1942 Atlanta Constit. 7 May 19/7 If a landing is bad it's a Roman candle landing and a piece of duff means easy. 1943 C. H. Ward-Jackson It's a Piece of Cake 52 Roman candle landing, a bad landing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1769
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