† rivaln.1
Obsolete.
1. A bank, a shore; a landing place, a port. Also port rival. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > arrival
arrivinga1387
arrivala1393
rival?a1400
riving?a1400
rivagec1400
arrivagec1450
landfall1627
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [noun]
staithec893
cliffeOE
overeOE
wartha1000
strandc1000
brimc1275
brinka1300
rivagec1330
water bankc1384
cleevea1387
watersidea1387
clifta1398
rival?a1400
shorec1400
water breach1495
common shorea1568
verge1606
praia1682
riva1819
splash zone1933
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 153 Þe kynges moder Richard Ariued at þat riuale [Fr. port].
c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) l. 1328 Walkyng by Ryvaylles, holdyng ther passage On plesaunt hylles.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 52 (MED) He þat spendys his good ouyr mesure shal sone come to þe better riuale [L. Littora] of..pouert.
c1503 tr. Magna Carta in R. Arnold Chron. f. lxxijv/1 (heading) That noo man be distreyned too make bruggis ne ryuals.
1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. H2 As I was comming alongst the port ryuale of Niniuie.
2. The act of landing; arrival at a port.
ΚΠ
c1404 Confession Abbot Beeleigh in Misc. Exchequer (P.R.O.: E 163/6/28) m. 15 Þe forsaide Abbot tolde me touching the ryuaile of þe frenschmen.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 8110 To Grekis pleinly þis ryvaille So mortal was & so infortunat.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. l. 136 (MED) The shipp of thi trauaille..hath passid the se of bookis seuene; Cast nat anker til thou ha good ryuaille!
c1500 Piers of Fulham (Rawl.) in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) II. 13 To make his rivaile to be know, At redclif in his saile to show.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
rivaln.2adj.
/ˈrʌɪvl/, U.S. /ˈraɪv(ə)l/ A. n.2† 3. A person having the same objective as another, an associate. Obsolete. rare.
1.
a. A person or thing competing with another for the same objective, or for superiority in the same field of activity. Also figurative.
ΚΠ
1577 tr. Juvenal in H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. i. sig. G.vv/2 To mingle poyson priuily..Or else in armour openly to worke his riuals death.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 157 You both are Riuals, and loue Hermia: And now both Riualles, to mock Helena. View more context for this quotation
1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη (1662) xxvi. 127 The Independents think themselves manumitted from their Rivals service.
1694 J. Addison tr. Virgil Fourth Georgic in Wks. (1726) I. 20 So let the royal insect rule alone And reign without a rival in his throne.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 306. ⁋1 My Lovers are at the Feet of my Rivals, my Rivals are every Day bewailing me.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V III. ix. 175 He beheld a prosperous rival receiving those ensigns of dignity of which he had been stripped.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals iii. v. 55 A rival in the case, is there?—and you think he has supplanted you unfairly.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. 436 Chalcis and Eretria were long rivals.
1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xvi. 307 Come, we will not be rivals, we will be friends.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 211 That long line of low hills..which seems like a feeble rival of the loftier ranges of the West.
1917 H. W. Conn Bacteria, Yeasts, & Molds in Home (rev. ed.) viii. 122 The saprophytic bacteria, while they may be rivals of animals for food, are not the cause of diseases.
1986 M. Dibdin Rich Full Death (1988) iii. 37 The rejected suitor must always find it difficult to approve of his successful rival.
2009 Mirror (Nexis) 10 Jan. 61 The pair were rivals on and off the pitch during Defoe's first Spurs spell.
b. spec. A business, service, or product that is in competition with another for a share of a market.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > person(s) competing in business
rival1812
competition1961
1812 D. Boileau tr. C. Ganilh Inq. into Var. Syst. Polit. Econ. vi. 356 Each bank experienced the torments of competition; each saw with sorrow that the bank-notes of its rival were substituted for its own.
1884 Daily News 10 Nov. 2/7 Perhaps the most successful rival of Nottingham goods is the German-Swiss Edelweiss lace.
1939 Fortune Nov. 95/1 Transradio Press, the fledgling rival of U.P. and A.P.
1996 Guardian 21 Mar. (OnLine section) 9/2 The only problem is that it has been produced on CDi, Philips' less-than-successful rival to the CD-Rom.
2. A person who or thing which is arguably equal in quality or distinction to another.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > competitor or rival
matchc1425
counter-companion1548
corrival1586
emulator1589
rival1590
concurrent1591
countermatcha1592
countermate1594
rivalis1616
competitor1656
co-rival1678
vierc1700
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > rivalry or vying > match or rival
matchc1400
fellowc1425
corrival1586
rival1590
co-rival1678
answer1902
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H8v Hector..set his warlike person to the view Of fierce Achilles, riuall of his fame.
1646 R. Crashaw Sospetto d'Herode iv, in Steps to Temple 52 That neither Rome, nor Athens can bring forth A Name in noble deedes Rivall to thee!
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 472 And so refus'd might in opinion stand His rivals, winning cheap the high repute. View more context for this quotation
1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxvi. 65 The successor of one Chancellor might well pretend to be the rival of another.
1776 R. Chandler Trav. Greece 81 This stadium..is extolled as without a rival, and as unequalled by any theatre.
1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xix. 330 A man who has had no rival in the times which are past.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 403 The Spanish generals stood without rivals in their military skill.
1911 W. M. F. Petrie Revol. of Civilisation iii. 54 The period of art which is the rival, if not the superior, of the classical age.
1976 Nature 1 Apr. 465/3 As a popular exposition it's excellent and far ahead of its nearest rivals.
1992 M. Bracewell Conclave vi. 237 Martin and Marilyn knew no rivals when it came to the art of purchasing.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun]
yferec870
brothereOE
ymonec950
headlingOE
ferec975
fellowOE
friendOE
eveningOE
evenlinglOE
even-nexta1225
compeerc1275
monec1300
companiona1325
partnerc1330
peerc1330
neighbour?c1335
falec1380
matec1380
makec1385
companya1425
sociatec1430
marrow1440
partyc1443
customera1450
conferec1450
pareil?c1450
comparcionerc1475
resortc1475
socius1480
copartner?1504
billy?a1513
accomplice1550
panion1553
consorterc1556
compartner1564
co-mate1576
copemate1577
competitor1579
consociate1579
coach-companion1589
comrade1591
consort1592
callant1597
comrado1598
associate1601
coach-fellow1602
rival1604
social1604
concomitanta1639
concerner1639
consociator1646
compane1647
societary1652
bor1677
socius1678
interessora1687
companioness1691
rendezvouser1742
connection1780
frater1786
matey1794
pardner1795
left bower1829
running mate1867
stable companion1868
pard1872
buddy1895
maat1900
bro1922
stable-mate1941
bredda1969
Ndugu1973
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. i. 10 The riualls of my watch, bid them make hast. View more context for this quotation
B. adj.
Of or relating to a rival; that is a rival or rivals; competing.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [adjective] > competing
rival1592
emulative1593
emulating1610
corrivinga1618
emulous1617
corrival1646
comparative1654
rivalling1668
contesting1697
rivalrous1831
co-rival1832
competing1862
1592 N. Breton Pilgrimage to Paradise sig. ¶4 Some through melancholy, or riuall spite, All Poets sdeigne, or some no Poets call.
1599 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. (new ed.) f. 94 v Nor euer did suspitions riuall eye, Yet lie in waite my fauours to espie.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 141 I know, you two are Riuall enemies. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 97 The rival Chariots in the Race shall strive. View more context for this quotation
1712 A. Pope To Young Lady in Misc. Poems 138 Ev'n rival Wits did Voiture's Fate deplore.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 123 Thus nature works..in defiance of her rival pow'rs.
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. IV. viii. iii. 47 The principle..may be termed the double-shop, or rival-shop principle.
1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. v. 62 These Ministers of State attempted..to restrain or abolish, a rival minority.
1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. vii. 227 He was perfectly..candid in appraisement of the wine of rival houses.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 41/1 There has been so much bitter controversy about the rival merits of different paint ingredients.
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 27 June 8/3 A dispute between rival motorcycle gangs.
1989 V. Glendinning Grown-ups vi. 75 For all he knew she was at some rival dinner-party.
1998 I. Hunter Which? Guide to Employment vii. 143 James left his employers to join a rival firm.
Compounds
With present participles forming adjectives, as rival-hating, etc.
ΚΠ
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 127 + 3 The Egle-winged pride Of skie-aspiring and ambitious thoughts, With riuall-hating enuy. View more context for this quotation
1853 G. A. Sala in Househ. Words 8. Jan. 386/1 Hot, strong, ferocious, rival-hating hearts-and-darts love.
1971 Jrnl. Res. Music Educ. 19 281 The rival-hating, personalized musical warfare current in Europe.
2005 J. Thompson Strategic Managem. (ed. 5) i. 6 Michael O'Leary's very successful strategy is based on defining a rival-beating price for a route.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† rivaln.3
Obsolete. rare.
A small stream.In quot. in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > rivulet or runnel
rindleeOE
runningc1350
stripec1440
ruissel1477
channel1478
veina1500
rivel1542
rivereta1552
rivulet1577
rundle1577
runnel1577
runner1578
runnet1601
rival1602
riverling1605
run1605
riveling1615
creek1622
drill1641
vein riveret1652
riverlet1654
rigolet1771
runlet1801
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 68 A faire seeming..fountaine..deuided into two armes or riuals from the head.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
rivalv.
/ˈrʌɪvl/, U.S. /ˈraɪv(ə)l/ 1.
a. transitive. To contend or vie with; to strive to equal or excel.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)]
couple1477
envy1509
contend1577
counterscore1577
paragona1586
corrive1586
emulate1586
emule1595
corrival1601
vie1602
rival1607
vie1607
contesta1616
antagonize1634
cope with1651
to break a lance with1862
1607 T. Middleton Michaelmas Terme i. sig. A4 Faith sir, I am vildly riuald!
1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. F4 He watcheth and prayeth for her,..sobbing like a silly sot, if he be riuald and put besides her.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 20 Your Merit and your Years command the Choice: Amyntas only rivals you in Voice.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 91. ⁋1 These Beauties Rival each other on all Occasions.
1787 Generous Attachm. I. 25 You will have one half of the gay world to rival, and the other to approve your choice.
1822 R. Heber in Whole Wks. Jeremy Taylor I. p. ccx A work..which contending sects have rivalled each other in approving.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 404 I had no idea of rivalling him or his poems.
1909 A. Poebel Babylonian Legal & Business Documents vi. 113 The North and South rivalled each other with changing luck in the endeavor to win the supremacy of Babylonia.
2003 L. Jackson Whispers (rev. ed.) xxxi. 389 Only Paige was left to rival him for her share of the wealth.
b. transitive. To be or seem to be equal or comparable to.
ΚΠ
1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica xii. 326 These two Heroicke spirits, spent and gone, To riuall them, no age the like can breed.
1695 R. Graham Short Acct. Eminent Painters in J. Dryden tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica 317 Rubens..wou'd have rival'd even the most celebrated Italians, if his Parents..had bred him up in the Roman and Lombard Schools.
1737 Common Sense 5 Mar. (1738) 29 There is no Vice which Mandkind [sic] carries to such wild Extremes as that of Avarice; those Two which seem to rival it in this Point, are Lust and Ambition.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 431 The cheering fragrance of her dewy vales, And music of her woods—no works of man May rival these.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 370 A host of writers, whose numbers rivalled, if they did not surpass, those of the sixteenth century.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. v. 38 A crash which rivalled thunder.
1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. v. 208 A desert region, rivalling..the bare and repulsive features of the Sahara.
1910 R. Fry Lett. (1972) I. 336 I will not pretend that my cuisine rivals the Ritz.
1925 H. Walker Eng. Satire & Satirists ii. 17 He never rivalled him in real literary gift or in insight.
1974 Soviet Stud. 26 295 Her passion for hard work rivalled that of her husband.
2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Nov. 127/2 The album should set discos ablaze with an efficiency rivaling that of Kylie Minogue's Fever.
2. † b. transitive with it in same sense. Obsolete.
a. intransitive. To act as a rival; to compete. Frequently with with.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete or rival [verb (intransitive)]
envyc1369
to try (also play, prove, etc.) masteriesa1393
strive?c1450
pingle?a1513
marrow1567
corrive1586
contend1589
tilt1589
to drop vie(s)1599
to prove conclusions1601
to try (a) conclusion1601
rival1608
wage1608
campa1614
vie1615
buzzle1638
side1641
rival1656
urge1691
compete1796
rivalize1800
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 181 We first addres towards you, Who with a King hath riuald for our daughter. View more context for this quotation
1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick Ep. Ded. sig. a7 Every Colon and Column of your lives..[will] cause your Names (Rivalling with time) to survive on Earth.
1753 S. Foote Englishman in Paris Epil. To rival, to rally, to backbite, and sneer.
1862 B. Seemann Viti xix. 391 Even Christianity has not been able to uproot an idea which poetry and art have rivalled to perpetuate.
1879 R. L. Stevenson Edinburgh iv. 16 Never did four walls look down upon an uglier spectacle than these sisters rivalling in unsisterliness.
1898 T. F. Tout Empire & Papacy (1901) xvii. 427 The Lombard and Cahorsin usurers, who had now begun to rival with the Israelites in finance.
1931 T. S. Moore Poems IV. 303 These two splendid paintings prove vain any dream of other human faculty rivalling with that discoverer of light which enables us to adore beauty.
1959 V. Gsovski in V. Gsovski & K. Grzybowski Govt., Law & Courts in Soviet Union I. i. i. 6 Soviets..sprang up,..rivalling with local authorities appointed by the Provisional Government.
2005 S. A. Nannyonga-Tamusuza Baakisimba ii. 47 They were rivaling with the group I had mentioned I was to meet.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete or rival [verb (intransitive)]
envyc1369
to try (also play, prove, etc.) masteriesa1393
strive?c1450
pingle?a1513
marrow1567
corrive1586
contend1589
tilt1589
to drop vie(s)1599
to prove conclusions1601
to try (a) conclusion1601
rival1608
wage1608
campa1614
vie1615
buzzle1638
side1641
rival1656
urge1691
compete1796
rivalize1800
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 65 Silver and gold rival'd it in number and weight with the stones in the street.
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 68 His [sc. Joshua's] rivalling it with his master in dividing of Jordan's Rivers, Red Sea-like.
1692 C. Gildon Post-boy rob'd of his Mail I. cxx. 356 He might rival it with the best of the Profession.
a1750 J. Willison Sacramental Medit. & Advices (1761) 178 Give up with all other lovers, and these that would rival it with Christ.
1769 G. Muir Ess. Christ's Cross & Crown (ed. 2) 306 None could ever pretend to rival it with him.
Derivatives
ˈrivalled adj. [compare earlier unrivalled adj.]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [adjective] > vied with
rivalled1648
1648 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple (ed. 2) 95 Give him the veyle, that he may cover, The red cheekes of a rivall'd Lover.
1729 J. Thomson Hymn Solitude in Misc. Poems Several Hands 347 As..she,..Amid the long withdrawing Vale, Awakes the rival'd Nightingale.
1819 M. M. Robinson Odes 82 Then Painting's magic Pencil drew Models—to rivall'd Nature true.
1994 M. Seidel in J. Richetti Columbia Hist. Brit. Novel 780 To displace the more traditional rivaled hero with the rivaled artist is one of Joyce's major contributions to modernism.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1?a1400
n.2adj.1577n.31602
v.1607