podiumn.

Brit.

/ˈpəʊdɪəm/, U.S.

/ˈpoʊdiəm/

Inflections: Plural podia, podiums.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin podium.

Etymology: < classical Latin podium raised platform around the arena in an amphitheatre providing seating for the emperor and other high-ranking officials, raised step, stylobate, base, dado forming the lower part of an interior wall, in post-classical Latin also foot of a bird or animal (J. K. W. Illiger Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium (1811) 42) < ancient Greek πόδιον (see podion n.). Compare French podium step supporting a row of columns, stylobate (1545 in Middle French in an isolated attestation; subsequently from 1765), part of an amphitheatre reserved for senators and magistrates (1765). In sense 2a probably originally after German Podium (1834 or earlier in this sense; 15th or 16th cent. in sense 1a).

I. Senses relating to structures.

1. Architecture.

a. Roman History. A raised platform surrounding the arena below the tiers in an ancient amphitheatre, which provided protection for the spectators and seating for the emperor and other high-ranking officials.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > [noun] > place for public shows > amphitheatre > arena > platform surrounding

podium1722

1671 tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. iii. vii. 49 The Romans..did then prepare many places to run, called Circus... All Orders of Men had their places assigned unto them... The nearest..was the Orchestra. Before it a large Platform did stand named Podium, where the Emperours Throne was usually seated.]

1722 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained III. ii. 163 The Arenæ were encompass'd with a Wall, upon which was the Podium: This was а kind of Box or Pulpit projecting out of the Wall.

1743 W. Stukeley Abury vii. 28 This was as the podium of an amphitheater, for the lower tire of spectators.

1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman viii. 145 Up from the podium to the beetling height I turn'd one dying look.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. at Amphitheatre At Nimes, besides the high officials of the town, the podium had places assigned to the principal guilds.

1972 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 62 51 This [amphitheatre] had included, apart from the arena itself, only a narrow podium reserved for the delegates of the sixty Gallic tribes.

1997 A. Futrell Blood in Arena iii. 83 The remains [of an amphitheatre] suggest that originally seating was extremely limited, with only two or three tiers above the podium.

b. A seat or bench around a room. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > [noun] > other seats

desk1560

seat-arch1703

window seat1715

podium1722

sunkie1788

stab1805

screen1820

porch swing1891

club-fender1915

stuff-over1915

1722 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained III. ii. 163 The Podium..was а kind of Box or Pulpit projecting out of the Wall, and that not only in Amphitheatres, but in Temples also and Houses, all which were call'd Podium.

1907 N.E.D. (at cited word) Podium, a continuous seat or bench around a room.

c. A projecting base or pedestal; a stylobate, plinth.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > stylobate

stylobata1563

posary1664

stylobate1694

podium1789

1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Elements Civil Archit. ii. iv. 64 The podium (the bottom part of the wall) projects at its lower extremity.

1832 W. Gell Pompeiana I. iv. 54 Along the whole runs a sort of podium or base.

1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 176 Standing figures..are ranged in two rows on podia between the piers.

1852 Times 22 Dec. 5/3 A new entrance to the vaults is to be made under the podium of the portico [of the Royal Exchange].

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Mar. 4/1 The podium of the Albert Memorial is almost as fresh as the day the structure was uncovered.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 156/2 The term [sc. acroterium] is often restricted to the plinth, which forms the podium merely for the acroterium.

1988 Classical Q. New Ser. 38 82 A crater..represents the tomb as an altar set on a stepped podium.

d. A projecting lower structure around the base of a tower block or high-rise building.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > other projecting parts

jetty1422

relish1428

jutty1519

outcast1574

brow1601

saillie1664

sally1665

break1685

bowa1723

sweep1726

foreshot1839

marquee1926

podium1954

1954 Archit. Rev. 116 414/2 In general form—podium and high-rise accommodation—this scheme follows the general pattern of current thought.

1962 Times 19 Mar. 13/7 The podium-and-tower pattern is not only a product of daylighting codes.

1970 Daily Tel. 21 May 7 At the base of the 220 ft-high tower will be a podium of two and three-story buildings.

1990 Achievement Sept. (Meeting in London) p. x/1 The 30-metre tall hotel is constructed round a spacious central atrium which rises eight floors from its podium level.

a. A raised platform or dais at the front of a stage, room, hall, or auditorium; (now esp.) a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience whilst making a speech, conducting an orchestra, etc. Also in extended use (North American): a lectern; (also) a lectern-like desk at an airport departure gate.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > place of performance or practice > [noun] > podium

podium1899

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] > platform

podium1899

rostrum1907

riser1945

1899 W. H. Dawson German Socialism x. 197 In uttering the last words he had nearly reached the steps leading to the podium of the judges' bench.

1918 G. F. Lees tr. E. Wetterlé Behind Scenes in Reichstag iv. 92 I mounted to the podium, where the Chancellor and his collaborators were, to converse with them about a current topic.

1929 Bee (Danville, Va.) 14 Oct. 7/4 She is a spectacular figure on the conductor's podium.

1954 New Republic 1 Nov. 8/1 Pounding the podium and talking loudly, Rover accused the judge.

1973 W. H. Hallahan Ross Forgery (1977) iv. 65 The auctioneer stepped off the podium.

1989 V. Glendinning Grown-ups (1990) ii. 18 There was a commotion in the front stalls, just behind the conductor's podium.

1995 Independent 5 Oct. 13/7 Upon a brightly illuminated podium..an old man in regimentals offered up a prayer.

2004 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 7 Jan. a1 Comments from the..crowd got so heated that a doctor picked up the podium and banged it on the floor to restore order.

b. In some (esp. major) sporting events: a structure consisting of three adjacent platforms of different heights, on which the athletes who take first, second, and third places receive their medals (the winner occupying the highest platform in the middle); (hence) an instance of achieving first, second, or third place. to reach (also miss) the podium: to achieve (or fail to achieve) first, second, or third place.

ΚΠ

1948 Oelwein (Iowa) Daily Reg. 7 Aug. 1/3 They had been standing along the victory podium..waiting to receive their medal when the crowd gave up with a roar.

1962 Times 28 Nov. 4/3 (caption) Miss L. Ludgrove..on the podium..after winning the women's 110 yards backstroke.

1988 B. Orser Orser: Skater's Life i. 28 Although I missed the podium, I did catch the eye of the Canadian Figure Skating Association.

1998 Dirt Jan. 44/2 Steve Peat had risen to world top-five status during the summer following two podiums in the World Cup.

2001 Auto Week 17 Dec. 22/2 Despite some good qualifying runs, he never reached the podium on a road or street course.

II. Senses relating to organisms.

3. Zoology. A foot; an organ acting as a foot; (now chiefly) a tube foot of an echinoderm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > paw or foot

footOE

cleche?c1225

clutchc1230

pote1398

pad1791

paw1843

crubeen1847

podium1858

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Podion, podium, applied by Illiger to the junction of the toes at the extremity of the tarsus, upon which the leg rests in birds; to the inferior part of the limb, comprehending, before, the carpus, metacarpus, and toes; behind, the tarsus, metatarsus, and toes in the Mammifera.

1890 Cent. Dict. Podium,..applied in ornithology to the toes collectively, without the shank of the foot... In conch., the foot of a mollusk.

1903 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 195 321 (caption) Pod., podium, one of the paired tube-feet.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) viii. 98 A water-vascular system is present in the adult animals pushing out through the body into podia or tube feet.

1979 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 285 231 The trunk [of a polychaete] bears parapodia in which the biramous state consist of a dorsal notopodium and a ventral neuropodium. The uniramous condition arises when one podium is suppressed.

1998 Jrnl. Exper. Biol. 201 2383 Sea stars are able to make..attachments to various substrata owing to secretions released by their podia.

4. Botany.

a. A stalk or other supporting part; the principal stem axis of a plant. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > pedicel or footstalk

stalkc1325

starta1400

tinea1400

petifoot?1440

footling1562

footstalk1562

strig1565

stem1600

tail1613

pedicle1626

pedal1660

pedicel1682

peduncle1702

ray1729

stipes1760

stipe1785

flower-stalk1789

fruit-stalk1796

podium1866

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 908/2 Podium, podus, a stalk, or receptacle, or torus; used only in Greek compounds.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 237/2 The most generally accepted explanation is the ‘sympodial’ one. According to this, the shoot of the vine is a ‘sympode’, consisting of a number of ‘podia’ placed one over the other in longitudinal series.

1970 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 57 594 The elongate surface cells [of a trigger hair in Venus's flytrap] terminate basally at the ‘podium’ characterized by smaller..surface cells.

1978 Brittonia 30 240 [Glossary of plant hair terminology] Apodial, without a foot-stalk or podium; sessile.

b. In an ovule: a group of small cutinized cells at the junction of the chalazal and nucellar regions.

ΚΠ

1974 Phytomorphology 24 295/2 The ‘plug’ may be called ‘podium’, a term..for the remnants of nucellar cup-like structure at the antipodal end of the embryo sac.

2003 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 164 239 At the chalazal end of the seed, there is a prominent hypostase and podium.

5. In plural. Cell Biology. Any of various cytoplasmic cell processes, as pseudopodia or filopodia.

ΚΠ

1979 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 1277/1 Sometimes between cells separated by 200–300 μm and not connected by podia the matrix fibrils were also aligned in parallel arrays.

1984 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 43 2948 The glialoid cells appear to be the predominant cell type and exhibit great numbers of vascular podia.

2002 Jrnl. Leukocyte Biol. 71 425 Hematopoietic cells extend multiple podia of yet unknown function.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	podium
释义	podiumn. Brit. /ˈpəʊdɪəm/, U.S. /ˈpoʊdiəm/ Inflections: Plural podia, podiums. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin podium. Etymology: < classical Latin podium raised platform around the arena in an amphitheatre providing seating for the emperor and other high-ranking officials, raised step, stylobate, base, dado forming the lower part of an interior wall, in post-classical Latin also foot of a bird or animal (J. K. W. Illiger Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium (1811) 42) < ancient Greek πόδιον (see podion n.). Compare French podium step supporting a row of columns, stylobate (1545 in Middle French in an isolated attestation; subsequently from 1765), part of an amphitheatre reserved for senators and magistrates (1765). In sense 2a probably originally after German Podium (1834 or earlier in this sense; 15th or 16th cent. in sense 1a). I. Senses relating to structures. 1. Architecture. a. Roman History. A raised platform surrounding the arena below the tiers in an ancient amphitheatre, which provided protection for the spectators and seating for the emperor and other high-ranking officials. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > [noun] > place for public shows > amphitheatre > arena > platform surrounding podium1722 1671 tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. iii. vii. 49 The Romans..did then prepare many places to run, called Circus... All Orders of Men had their places assigned unto them... The nearest..was the Orchestra. Before it a large Platform did stand named Podium, where the Emperours Throne was usually seated.] 1722 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained III. ii. 163 The Arenæ were encompass'd with a Wall, upon which was the Podium: This was а kind of Box or Pulpit projecting out of the Wall. 1743 W. Stukeley Abury vii. 28 This was as the podium of an amphitheater, for the lower tire of spectators. 1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman viii. 145 Up from the podium to the beetling height I turn'd one dying look. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. at Amphitheatre At Nimes, besides the high officials of the town, the podium had places assigned to the principal guilds. 1972 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 62 51 This [amphitheatre] had included, apart from the arena itself, only a narrow podium reserved for the delegates of the sixty Gallic tribes. 1997 A. Futrell Blood in Arena iii. 83 The remains [of an amphitheatre] suggest that originally seating was extremely limited, with only two or three tiers above the podium. b. A seat or bench around a room. rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > [noun] > other seats desk1560 seat-arch1703 window seat1715 podium1722 sunkie1788 stab1805 screen1820 porch swing1891 club-fender1915 stuff-over1915 1722 D. Humphreys tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Explained III. ii. 163 The Podium..was а kind of Box or Pulpit projecting out of the Wall, and that not only in Amphitheatres, but in Temples also and Houses, all which were call'd Podium. 1907 N.E.D. (at cited word) Podium, a continuous seat or bench around a room. c. A projecting base or pedestal; a stylobate, plinth. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > stylobate stylobata1563 posary1664 stylobate1694 podium1789 1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Elements Civil Archit. ii. iv. 64 The podium (the bottom part of the wall) projects at its lower extremity. 1832 W. Gell Pompeiana I. iv. 54 Along the whole runs a sort of podium or base. 1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 176 Standing figures..are ranged in two rows on podia between the piers. 1852 Times 22 Dec. 5/3 A new entrance to the vaults is to be made under the podium of the portico [of the Royal Exchange]. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Mar. 4/1 The podium of the Albert Memorial is almost as fresh as the day the structure was uncovered. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 156/2 The term [sc. acroterium] is often restricted to the plinth, which forms the podium merely for the acroterium. 1988 Classical Q. New Ser. 38 82 A crater..represents the tomb as an altar set on a stepped podium. d. A projecting lower structure around the base of a tower block or high-rise building. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > [noun] > other projecting parts jetty1422 relish1428 jutty1519 outcast1574 brow1601 saillie1664 sally1665 break1685 bowa1723 sweep1726 foreshot1839 marquee1926 podium1954 1954 Archit. Rev. 116 414/2 In general form—podium and high-rise accommodation—this scheme follows the general pattern of current thought. 1962 Times 19 Mar. 13/7 The podium-and-tower pattern is not only a product of daylighting codes. 1970 Daily Tel. 21 May 7 At the base of the 220 ft-high tower will be a podium of two and three-story buildings. 1990 Achievement Sept. (Meeting in London) p. x/1 The 30-metre tall hotel is constructed round a spacious central atrium which rises eight floors from its podium level. 2. a. A raised platform or dais at the front of a stage, room, hall, or auditorium; (now esp.) a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience whilst making a speech, conducting an orchestra, etc. Also in extended use (North American): a lectern; (also) a lectern-like desk at an airport departure gate. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > place of performance or practice > [noun] > podium podium1899 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] > platform podium1899 rostrum1907 riser1945 1899 W. H. Dawson German Socialism x. 197 In uttering the last words he had nearly reached the steps leading to the podium of the judges' bench. 1918 G. F. Lees tr. E. Wetterlé Behind Scenes in Reichstag iv. 92 I mounted to the podium, where the Chancellor and his collaborators were, to converse with them about a current topic. 1929 Bee (Danville, Va.) 14 Oct. 7/4 She is a spectacular figure on the conductor's podium. 1954 New Republic 1 Nov. 8/1 Pounding the podium and talking loudly, Rover accused the judge. 1973 W. H. Hallahan Ross Forgery (1977) iv. 65 The auctioneer stepped off the podium. 1989 V. Glendinning Grown-ups (1990) ii. 18 There was a commotion in the front stalls, just behind the conductor's podium. 1995 Independent 5 Oct. 13/7 Upon a brightly illuminated podium..an old man in regimentals offered up a prayer. 2004 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 7 Jan. a1 Comments from the..crowd got so heated that a doctor picked up the podium and banged it on the floor to restore order. b. In some (esp. major) sporting events: a structure consisting of three adjacent platforms of different heights, on which the athletes who take first, second, and third places receive their medals (the winner occupying the highest platform in the middle); (hence) an instance of achieving first, second, or third place. to reach (also miss) the podium: to achieve (or fail to achieve) first, second, or third place. ΚΠ 1948 Oelwein (Iowa) Daily Reg. 7 Aug. 1/3 They had been standing along the victory podium..waiting to receive their medal when the crowd gave up with a roar. 1962 Times 28 Nov. 4/3 (caption) Miss L. Ludgrove..on the podium..after winning the women's 110 yards backstroke. 1988 B. Orser Orser: Skater's Life i. 28 Although I missed the podium, I did catch the eye of the Canadian Figure Skating Association. 1998 Dirt Jan. 44/2 Steve Peat had risen to world top-five status during the summer following two podiums in the World Cup. 2001 Auto Week 17 Dec. 22/2 Despite some good qualifying runs, he never reached the podium on a road or street course. II. Senses relating to organisms. 3. Zoology. A foot; an organ acting as a foot; (now chiefly) a tube foot of an echinoderm. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > paw or foot footOE cleche?c1225 clutchc1230 pote1398 pad1791 paw1843 crubeen1847 podium1858 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Podion, podium, applied by Illiger to the junction of the toes at the extremity of the tarsus, upon which the leg rests in birds; to the inferior part of the limb, comprehending, before, the carpus, metacarpus, and toes; behind, the tarsus, metatarsus, and toes in the Mammifera. 1890 Cent. Dict. Podium,..applied in ornithology to the toes collectively, without the shank of the foot... In conch., the foot of a mollusk. 1903 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 195 321 (caption) Pod., podium, one of the paired tube-feet. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) viii. 98 A water-vascular system is present in the adult animals pushing out through the body into podia or tube feet. 1979 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 285 231 The trunk [of a polychaete] bears parapodia in which the biramous state consist of a dorsal notopodium and a ventral neuropodium. The uniramous condition arises when one podium is suppressed. 1998 Jrnl. Exper. Biol. 201 2383 Sea stars are able to make..attachments to various substrata owing to secretions released by their podia. 4. Botany. a. A stalk or other supporting part; the principal stem axis of a plant. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [noun] > pedicel or footstalk stalkc1325 starta1400 tinea1400 petifoot?1440 footling1562 footstalk1562 strig1565 stem1600 tail1613 pedicle1626 pedal1660 pedicel1682 peduncle1702 ray1729 stipes1760 stipe1785 flower-stalk1789 fruit-stalk1796 podium1866 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 908/2 Podium, podus, a stalk, or receptacle, or torus; used only in Greek compounds. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 237/2 The most generally accepted explanation is the ‘sympodial’ one. According to this, the shoot of the vine is a ‘sympode’, consisting of a number of ‘podia’ placed one over the other in longitudinal series. 1970 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 57 594 The elongate surface cells [of a trigger hair in Venus's flytrap] terminate basally at the ‘podium’ characterized by smaller..surface cells. 1978 Brittonia 30 240 [Glossary of plant hair terminology] Apodial, without a foot-stalk or podium; sessile. b. In an ovule: a group of small cutinized cells at the junction of the chalazal and nucellar regions. ΚΠ 1974 Phytomorphology 24 295/2 The ‘plug’ may be called ‘podium’, a term..for the remnants of nucellar cup-like structure at the antipodal end of the embryo sac. 2003 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 164 239 At the chalazal end of the seed, there is a prominent hypostase and podium. 5. In plural. Cell Biology. Any of various cytoplasmic cell processes, as pseudopodia or filopodia. ΚΠ 1979 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 1277/1 Sometimes between cells separated by 200–300 μm and not connected by podia the matrix fibrils were also aligned in parallel arrays. 1984 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 43 2948 The glialoid cells appear to be the predominant cell type and exhibit great numbers of vascular podia. 2002 Jrnl. Leukocyte Biol. 71 425 Hematopoietic cells extend multiple podia of yet unknown function. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). podiumv. Brit. /ˈpəʊdɪəm/, U.S. /ˈpoʊdiəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: podium n. Etymology: < podium n. 1. intransitive. Apparently: to appear on a podium at a public event.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1948 Portland (Maine) Press Herald 19 Nov. 22/4 I podiumed as I had never podiumed before, because Eleanor was on the dais next to me. 2. intransitive. Sport. To finish in first, second, or third place in a (major) competition, so as to receive one's award on a podium. Cf. medal v. 2. ΚΠ 1992 Sydney Morning Herald 21 Feb. (Late ed.) 1/7 Kirstie Marshall..gave us the word ‘podiumed’ as in, ‘She hasn't won an event this season, but has podiumed a couple of times.’ 2001 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 22 Mar. That level of international competition is pretty tight. There are quite a few guys who all could have podiumed that day. 2011 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 23 June b1/1 I realized it was not worth it to go out and run the 1,600 if there was a chance I wouldn't podium. I wanted to have fresh legs and my goal was to finish in the top three. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : -podiumcomb. form < n.1722v.1948 see also
随便看	quinquertium quinquesect quinquesecting quinquesection quinqueseptate quinqueserial quinqueseriate quinquesyllabic quinquesyllable quinquetubercular quinquetuberculate quinquevalent quinquevalve quinquevalvous quinquevalvular quinqueverbal quinqueverbial quinquevirate quinquiliteral quinquina quinquina bark quinquina tree quinquinas quinquiplicate quinquiplication

podiumn.

podiumv.

> see also