ritardandoadv.n.

Brit.

/ˌrɪtɑːˈdandəʊ/, U.S.

/ˌritɑrˈdɑndoʊ/

Inflections: Plural ritardandi, ritardandos.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian ritardando, ritardare.

Etymology: < Italian ritardando, literally ‘while slowing down’ (not dated in dictionaries of Italian as a musical instruction), adverbial gerund of ritardare to slow down (see retard v.). With use as noun compare German Ritardando (1822; compare also the Italian phrase ritardando il tempo used as a noun in a German context (1799)). Compare earlier rallentando adv. O.E.D. Suppl. (1982) gives the pronunciation as (ritaɹdæ·ndo) /riːtɑːˈdændəʊ/.

Music.

A. adv.

As a musical direction: with a decrease in speed. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > directions > [adverb] > for tempo

adagio1680

presto1680

vivace1683

largo1702

allegrettoc1710

allegro1721

larghetto1724

lent1724

lento1724

moderato1724

prestissimo1724

stretto1740

a tempo1740

lentamente1762

accelerando1784

rallentando1786

ritardando1806

ritenuto1826

rit.1833

rapido1841

stringendo1853

lentando1854

allargando1873

rall.1876

trascinando1876

animato1879

largando1883

mässig1884

più mosso1931

1806 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (ed. 2) Ritardando, (Ital.) an expression implying a slackening of the time.

1809 W. Nicholson Brit. Encycl. IV. at Music (Gloss.) Rallentando, or ritardando, becoming slower, but gradually.

c1865 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) II. 724 Dying at my music!.. Hold me till the Octave's run! Quick! Burst the Windows! Ritardando!

1920 C. G. Hamilton Music Appreciation 19 Variation in tempo is indicated by such words as ritenuto, ritardando, rallentando (denoting a gradual decrease of rapidity).

1994 L. de Bernières Capt. Corelli's Mandolin xxvii. 186 He followed this rhetorical question with the same two notes, ritardando.

B. n.

A decrease in speed; a passage played or to be played ritardando.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > tempo > [noun] > increase or decrease

accelerando1786

retardation1786

ritardando1838

ritard1859

allargando1873

stringendo1937

ritenuto1955

1838 J. A. Hamilton tr. C. Czerny Lett. to Young Lady on Art playing Pianoforte iv. 31 One of the worst faults is carrying to excess the ritardando and accelerando.

1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 6 Sept. 2/3 It [sc. an orchestrion]..made pauses and ritardandos and accelerandos in the most natural manner.

1910 M. W. Chase Nat. Laws Piano Technic xix. 19 A period closing with a strongly marked ritardando would be unnatural and unprepared without ritardandi of less importance at the end of its phrases.

1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 356/1 There must always be a reason and purpose for these slight accelerandos and ritardandos which we call rubato.

2002 E. Tarasti Signs of Music ii. 41 Romanticism favored not only such extreme ritardandos but also the other extreme, of frantic, forward-rushing rhythmic climaxes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ritardando
释义	ritardandoadv.n. Brit. /ˌrɪtɑːˈdandəʊ/, U.S. /ˌritɑrˈdɑndoʊ/ Inflections: Plural ritardandi, ritardandos. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian ritardando, ritardare. Etymology: < Italian ritardando, literally ‘while slowing down’ (not dated in dictionaries of Italian as a musical instruction), adverbial gerund of ritardare to slow down (see retard v.). With use as noun compare German Ritardando (1822; compare also the Italian phrase ritardando il tempo used as a noun in a German context (1799)). Compare earlier rallentando adv. O.E.D. Suppl. (1982) gives the pronunciation as (ritaɹdæ·ndo) /riːtɑːˈdændəʊ/. Music. A. adv. As a musical direction: with a decrease in speed. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > directions > [adverb] > for tempo adagio1680 presto1680 vivace1683 largo1702 allegrettoc1710 allegro1721 larghetto1724 lent1724 lento1724 moderato1724 prestissimo1724 stretto1740 a tempo1740 lentamente1762 accelerando1784 rallentando1786 ritardando1806 ritenuto1826 rit.1833 rapido1841 stringendo1853 lentando1854 allargando1873 rall.1876 trascinando1876 animato1879 largando1883 mässig1884 più mosso1931 1806 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (ed. 2) Ritardando, (Ital.) an expression implying a slackening of the time. 1809 W. Nicholson Brit. Encycl. IV. at Music (Gloss.) Rallentando, or ritardando, becoming slower, but gradually. c1865 E. Dickinson Poems (1955) II. 724 Dying at my music!.. Hold me till the Octave's run! Quick! Burst the Windows! Ritardando! 1920 C. G. Hamilton Music Appreciation 19 Variation in tempo is indicated by such words as ritenuto, ritardando, rallentando (denoting a gradual decrease of rapidity). 1994 L. de Bernières Capt. Corelli's Mandolin xxvii. 186 He followed this rhetorical question with the same two notes, ritardando. B. n. A decrease in speed; a passage played or to be played ritardando. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > tempo > [noun] > increase or decrease accelerando1786 retardation1786 ritardando1838 ritard1859 allargando1873 stringendo1937 ritenuto1955 1838 J. A. Hamilton tr. C. Czerny Lett. to Young Lady on Art playing Pianoforte iv. 31 One of the worst faults is carrying to excess the ritardando and accelerando. 1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 6 Sept. 2/3 It [sc. an orchestrion]..made pauses and ritardandos and accelerandos in the most natural manner. 1910 M. W. Chase Nat. Laws Piano Technic xix. 19 A period closing with a strongly marked ritardando would be unnatural and unprepared without ritardandi of less importance at the end of its phrases. 1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 356/1 There must always be a reason and purpose for these slight accelerandos and ritardandos which we call rubato. 2002 E. Tarasti Signs of Music ii. 41 Romanticism favored not only such extreme ritardandos but also the other extreme, of frantic, forward-rushing rhythmic climaxes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.n.1806
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