mallardn.

Brit.

/ˈmalɑːd/,

/ˈmaləd/, U.S.

/ˈmælərd/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, mallards;

Forms:

α. Middle English madlard, Middle English malerde, Middle English mathelard, Middle English maudelard, Middle English maudelarde, Middle English maudlart, Middle English mauelard, Middle English maular, Middle English maulard, Middle English maularde, Middle English maulerd, Middle English mavelarde, Middle English mavlard, Middle English mavler, Middle English mawdelard, Middle English mawdelarde, Middle English mawlard, Middle English mawlarde, Middle English 1600s mallerd, Middle English–1500s malarde, Middle English–1500s mallarde, Middle English–1700s malard, Middle English– mallard, 1500s mallerde, 1500s mallert, 1600s mallet, 1600s mallord.

β. late Middle English mallarttus.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mallard.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mallard, malarde, mallart, madlarde, maularde, Old French malart, mallart, maslart, maillart wild drake, drake (12th cent.), probably < Anglo-Norman malle , madle , maule , Old French masle , madle male adj. + -art -ard suffix. Compare post-classical Latin mallardus, madlardus, mathlardus, maulardus, malardus, mallertus (from late 12th cent. in British sources).The suggestion of derivation < the Old High German proper name Madelhart is now usually rejected; the Anglo-Norman and Old French forms listed above for the etymon of male adj. resolve difficulties previously raised concerning the etymology given here. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (mæ·lăɹd) /ˈmæləd/.

a. The common Holarctic wild duck, Anas platyrhynchos, the male of which has a dark green head and a purplish-brown breast. Also: †the domesticated form of this duck (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > wild

mallard1314

wild duck1538

pond duck1678

flapper1747

paddler1882

wigeon1885

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > domestic

mallard1314

puddle duck1841

mud duck1857

puddler1945

1314 in Wardr. Acc. 8 Edw. II 21/12 1 mallard 4½d.

1348 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 43 In v Mallard domestic. et v Mallard de Ryuer et xiiij perdicibus, iiijs. xd. ob.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 181 (MED) Anoynte þe place wiþ grece of a maulard.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 323 Malarde, bryde, anas.

a1450 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 239 x Capons x hennes & vj mavlers.

a1475 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Harl.) (1927) 1259f (MED) They weryn servid..With Malardes wylde and fesaunt.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 27 With þo grece of þo mawdelarde þou sethe hom.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. dij^v Take a tame Malarde and set hym in a fayr playn.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxij/2 Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis oxen kyen or mallardis with in the warde In noyng of ther neyhbours.

1602 J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 6 Here are also in this Island..divers fowles, as Cranes, Hernshawes, Bitters, Geese, Mallards, Teales, and other fowles, in great plenty.

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. C3 The Mallet [rendering of L. anas].

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 138. ⁋8 Shooting mallards in the fens.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 130 The Mallard..is the stock from whence our tame breed has probably been produced.

1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 199 Our own wild-duck or mallard is a shy bird.

1894 J. Skelton Table-talk (1895) 64 The frost is so hard that woodcock and mallard are driven from inland copses and marshes to the open springs.

1953 N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World xiv. 117 A male Mallard lifts its wing so that the beautiful blue wing-speculum becomes visible.

1988 D. O'Brien Rites of Autumn ii. 56 The remaining natural wetlands..harbor resident families of mallard.

†b. spec. The male of this species. Also: the male of the domesticated form. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Anas (miscellaneous) > anas platyrhynchos (mallard)

mallardc1330

stock drake1772

stock duck1805

greenhead1838

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 4140 (MED) Þe cherl bent his bowe sone & smot a doke mididone, & wiþ a bolt afterward Anon he hitt a maulard.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 563/46 Anatus, a mallard.

1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 11 §1 Duckes, mallardes, wigeons, teales, wildgeese and diuers other kinde of wildfowle.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 383 To stay a flux of the belly, the bloud of Mallards or Drakes is thought also to be singular good.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. x. 19 The Noble ruine of her Magicke, Anthony, Claps on his Sea-wing, and (like a doting Mallard)..flyes after her.

1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 152 The old duck left them [sc. the eggs], but soon after returned with the mallard.

1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xx. 332 I walked to within shot of some straggling wild ducks, and killed a very fine mallard.

1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. 1 168 Technically the term Duck is restricted to the female, the male being called Drake, and in one species Mallard.

2. The flesh of this duck as food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > fowls > [noun] > duck

mallarda1425

teal?c1475

duck1774

canard1913

a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 145 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 130 Sawse noyre for Malard.

?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 441 Sause Neyger for Maudelard roasted.

c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 77 Caste hem into a potte, And fressh broth..dropping of the mallard And lete hem boile togidur awhile.

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.ii^v In the fyrst course potage befe,..with goose capon mallarde swanne or fesande.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. v. 53 Quaile, and mallard, are not but for the richer sorte.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe i. sig. A2^v They..loue..Mallard and Teale in the fall, and Woodcocke in winter.

1963 Recorded Interview (Brit. Libr. Sound Archive) (Survey Eng. Dialects: C908) Track 27 [Cornwall] ‘What is a mallard?’ ‘A cocked [i.e. cooked] duck.’

1995 Times 4 Mar. (Mag.) 33/1 The cooking is lighter and simpler, but still very grand... Mallard is done in salmis. Pheasant is fried.

3. With the and capital initial. A festival celebrated on 14 January at All Souls College, Oxford.The ceremony of the Hunting of the Mallard (see quot. 1723) is traditionally performed once every hundred years on the same date in the first year of every new cent.; see M. West All Souls Mallard (2000).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivity at college > specific at Oxford

flyc1602

mallard1633

encaenia1691

commemoration1750

commem.1888

1632 Warden's Punishment Bk. 20 Jan. in M. West All Souls Mallard (2000) 13 It was agreed by Mr Warden and y^e Deanes that Mr ffleetwood Mr Baker and Mr Prestwitch should bee put out of Commons for a weeke for disturbing y^e fellowes [margin Mallard-dyzers].]

1633 Abp. Abbot Let. 2 Jan. in M. West All Souls Mallard (2000) 14 Civill men should never so farre forgett themselves under pretence of a foolish mallard, as to do thinges barbarously unbeseeming.

1723 T. Hearne Diary 18 Jan. Last Monday, the 14th inst...was All Souls college Mallard, at which time 'tis usual with the fellows and their friends to have a supper, and to sit up all night drinking and singing. Their song is the mallard, and formerly they used to ramble about the college with sticks and poles, &c. in quest of the mallard... They tell you the custom arose from a swinging old mallard, that had been lost at the foundation of the college, and found many years after in the sink.

1801 R. Heber Let. 15 Jan. in A. Heber Life R. Heber (1830) I. 25 A very severe cold which I caught by getting out of bed..to see the celebration of the famous All Souls' mallard feast... I had thus a full view of the Lord Mallard and about forty fellows, in a kind of procession on the library roof.

1899 C. G. Robertson All Souls Coll. 102 The song of the mallard (which is still sung at the college Gaudies).

1965 J. Morris Oxford 207 No event in Europe can be much sillier..than the Ceremony of the Mallard at All Souls.

2000 M. West All Souls Mallard 9 Some form of Mallard celebration had existed long before the Civil War.

Compounds

General attributive.

mallard call n.

ΚΠ

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting xix. 214 They..come readily to the mallard call.

mallard decoy n.

ΚΠ

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting xix. 214 They decoy exceedingly well to mallard decoys.

1994 Ontario Out of Doors Sept. 30/3 Off these beds, I set out six to 12 mallard decoys and then tuck into the cat-tails.

mallard drake n.

ΚΠ

1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 419 Anas. 53 Boschas..Mallard Drake.

1993 W. Baldwin Hard to catch Mercy ii. 37 Grandpa..smote the ground with enough force to launch the mallard drake into a flight of several feet.

mallard duck n.

ΚΠ

1852 R. Glisan Jrnl. Army Life (1874) ix. 102 A fine mallard duck suddenly flew up.

1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) v. 56 Hanging on a hook..by the back door..was a brace of mallard ducks.

mallard-shooting n.

ΚΠ

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting xiv. 186 Morning and evening mallard-shooting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mallard
释义	mallardn. Brit. /ˈmalɑːd/, /ˈmaləd/, U.S. /ˈmælərd/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, mallards; Forms: α. Middle English madlard, Middle English malerde, Middle English mathelard, Middle English maudelard, Middle English maudelarde, Middle English maudlart, Middle English mauelard, Middle English maular, Middle English maulard, Middle English maularde, Middle English maulerd, Middle English mavelarde, Middle English mavlard, Middle English mavler, Middle English mawdelard, Middle English mawdelarde, Middle English mawlard, Middle English mawlarde, Middle English 1600s mallerd, Middle English–1500s malarde, Middle English–1500s mallarde, Middle English–1700s malard, Middle English– mallard, 1500s mallerde, 1500s mallert, 1600s mallet, 1600s mallord. β. late Middle English mallarttus. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mallard. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mallard, malarde, mallart, madlarde, maularde, Old French malart, mallart, maslart, maillart wild drake, drake (12th cent.), probably < Anglo-Norman malle , madle , maule , Old French masle , madle male adj. + -art -ard suffix. Compare post-classical Latin mallardus, madlardus, mathlardus, maulardus, malardus, mallertus (from late 12th cent. in British sources).The suggestion of derivation < the Old High German proper name Madelhart is now usually rejected; the Anglo-Norman and Old French forms listed above for the etymon of male adj. resolve difficulties previously raised concerning the etymology given here. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (mæ·lăɹd) /ˈmæləd/. 1. a. The common Holarctic wild duck, Anas platyrhynchos, the male of which has a dark green head and a purplish-brown breast. Also: †the domesticated form of this duck (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > wild mallard1314 wild duck1538 pond duck1678 flapper1747 paddler1882 wigeon1885 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > domestic mallard1314 puddle duck1841 mud duck1857 puddler1945 1314 in Wardr. Acc. 8 Edw. II 21/12 1 mallard 4½d. 1348 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 43 In v Mallard domestic. et v Mallard de Ryuer et xiiij perdicibus, iiijs. xd. ob. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 181 (MED) Anoynte þe place wiþ grece of a maulard. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 323 Malarde, bryde, anas. a1450 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 239 x Capons x hennes & vj mavlers. a1475 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Harl.) (1927) 1259f (MED) They weryn servid..With Malardes wylde and fesaunt. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 27 With þo grece of þo mawdelarde þou sethe hom. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. dij^v Take a tame Malarde and set hym in a fayr playn. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxij/2 Also yf ony persone kepe or norrysh hoggis oxen kyen or mallardis with in the warde In noyng of ther neyhbours. 1602 J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 6 Here are also in this Island..divers fowles, as Cranes, Hernshawes, Bitters, Geese, Mallards, Teales, and other fowles, in great plenty. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. C3 The Mallet [rendering of L. anas]. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 138. ⁋8 Shooting mallards in the fens. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 130 The Mallard..is the stock from whence our tame breed has probably been produced. 1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 199 Our own wild-duck or mallard is a shy bird. 1894 J. Skelton Table-talk (1895) 64 The frost is so hard that woodcock and mallard are driven from inland copses and marshes to the open springs. 1953 N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World xiv. 117 A male Mallard lifts its wing so that the beautiful blue wing-speculum becomes visible. 1988 D. O'Brien Rites of Autumn ii. 56 The remaining natural wetlands..harbor resident families of mallard. †b. spec. The male of this species. Also: the male of the domesticated form. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > member of genus Anas (miscellaneous) > anas platyrhynchos (mallard) mallardc1330 stock drake1772 stock duck1805 greenhead1838 c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 4140 (MED) Þe cherl bent his bowe sone & smot a doke mididone, & wiþ a bolt afterward Anon he hitt a maulard. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 563/46 Anatus, a mallard. 1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 11 §1 Duckes, mallardes, wigeons, teales, wildgeese and diuers other kinde of wildfowle. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 383 To stay a flux of the belly, the bloud of Mallards or Drakes is thought also to be singular good. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. x. 19 The Noble ruine of her Magicke, Anthony, Claps on his Sea-wing, and (like a doting Mallard)..flyes after her. View more context for this quotation 1777 Ann. Reg. 1776 152 The old duck left them [sc. the eggs], but soon after returned with the mallard. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xx. 332 I walked to within shot of some straggling wild ducks, and killed a very fine mallard. 1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. 1 168 Technically the term Duck is restricted to the female, the male being called Drake, and in one species Mallard. 2. The flesh of this duck as food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > fowls > [noun] > duck mallarda1425 teal?c1475 duck1774 canard1913 a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 145 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 130 Sawse noyre for Malard. ?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 441 Sause Neyger for Maudelard roasted. c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 77 Caste hem into a potte, And fressh broth..dropping of the mallard And lete hem boile togidur awhile. 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. B.ii^v In the fyrst course potage befe,..with goose capon mallarde swanne or fesande. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. v. 53 Quaile, and mallard, are not but for the richer sorte. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe i. sig. A2^v They..loue..Mallard and Teale in the fall, and Woodcocke in winter. 1963 Recorded Interview (Brit. Libr. Sound Archive) (Survey Eng. Dialects: C908) Track 27 [Cornwall] ‘What is a mallard?’ ‘A cocked [i.e. cooked] duck.’ 1995 Times 4 Mar. (Mag.) 33/1 The cooking is lighter and simpler, but still very grand... Mallard is done in salmis. Pheasant is fried. 3. With the and capital initial. A festival celebrated on 14 January at All Souls College, Oxford.The ceremony of the Hunting of the Mallard (see quot. 1723) is traditionally performed once every hundred years on the same date in the first year of every new cent.; see M. West All Souls Mallard (2000). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > specific festivities > [noun] > festivity at college > specific at Oxford flyc1602 mallard1633 encaenia1691 commemoration1750 commem.1888 1632 Warden's Punishment Bk. 20 Jan. in M. West All Souls Mallard (2000) 13 It was agreed by Mr Warden and y^e Deanes that Mr ffleetwood Mr Baker and Mr Prestwitch should bee put out of Commons for a weeke for disturbing y^e fellowes [margin Mallard-dyzers].] 1633 Abp. Abbot Let. 2 Jan. in M. West All Souls Mallard (2000) 14 Civill men should never so farre forgett themselves under pretence of a foolish mallard, as to do thinges barbarously unbeseeming. 1723 T. Hearne Diary 18 Jan. Last Monday, the 14th inst...was All Souls college Mallard, at which time 'tis usual with the fellows and their friends to have a supper, and to sit up all night drinking and singing. Their song is the mallard, and formerly they used to ramble about the college with sticks and poles, &c. in quest of the mallard... They tell you the custom arose from a swinging old mallard, that had been lost at the foundation of the college, and found many years after in the sink. 1801 R. Heber Let. 15 Jan. in A. Heber Life R. Heber (1830) I. 25 A very severe cold which I caught by getting out of bed..to see the celebration of the famous All Souls' mallard feast... I had thus a full view of the Lord Mallard and about forty fellows, in a kind of procession on the library roof. 1899 C. G. Robertson All Souls Coll. 102 The song of the mallard (which is still sung at the college Gaudies). 1965 J. Morris Oxford 207 No event in Europe can be much sillier..than the Ceremony of the Mallard at All Souls. 2000 M. West All Souls Mallard 9 Some form of Mallard celebration had existed long before the Civil War. Compounds General attributive. mallard call n. ΚΠ 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting xix. 214 They..come readily to the mallard call. mallard decoy n. ΚΠ 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting xix. 214 They decoy exceedingly well to mallard decoys. 1994 Ontario Out of Doors Sept. 30/3 Off these beds, I set out six to 12 mallard decoys and then tuck into the cat-tails. mallard drake n. ΚΠ 1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 419 Anas. 53 Boschas..Mallard Drake. 1993 W. Baldwin Hard to catch Mercy ii. 37 Grandpa..smote the ground with enough force to launch the mallard drake into a flight of several feet. mallard duck n. ΚΠ 1852 R. Glisan Jrnl. Army Life (1874) ix. 102 A fine mallard duck suddenly flew up. 1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) v. 56 Hanging on a hook..by the back door..was a brace of mallard ducks. mallard-shooting n. ΚΠ 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting xiv. 186 Morning and evening mallard-shooting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1314
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