riprapn.

Brit.

/ˈrɪprap/, U.S.

/ˈrɪpˌræp/

Forms: 1500s ripperappe, 1500s ryprap, 1500s– riprap, 1600s riprapp.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymon: rap n.²

Etymology: Apparently a reduplication (with vowel variation) of rap n.² With senses 1a, 1b, which may be of different origin, compare Middle French rippe rappe (c1483 in the passage translated in quot. 1536), the name for a shoal in the English Channel, and perhaps compare also earlier rip v.¹ and later ripple v.³

a. Nautical. An undersea bank or shoal; spec. (frequently in plural with capital initial or initials, and with the) the name of a particular feature of this type, esp. one in the eastern English Channel (now known as the Varne Bank), often regarded as a danger to shipping; (also) the motion of the tide against the wind. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > [noun] > rough water caused by wind on

riprap1536

1536 R. Copland tr. P. Garcie Rutter of See (new ed.) sig. b.vii^v Betwene Folstone and Boleyne is a banke that is called Ryppe rappe [Fr. Entre foucquestant et bouloingne ya vng banc qui sappelle la rippe rappe].

1652 R. Blake Let. Dec. (1937) (modernized text) 184 We weighed and stood away, keeping the wind to the Ness in order to avoid the Rip-raps.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. xviii. 214 Dongeness, Dover, Ripraps, The South Foreland.

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 10 Near this Island we always find a great ripling which Seamen call the Rip-raps.

1784 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. I. Introd. p. iii Between Bologne and Folkstone..is..a narrow submarine hill, called the Rip-raps.

1815 J. H. Tuckey Maritime Geogr. IV. 460 A narrow ridge of sand and stone..call the Rip-raps, extends between Folkstone and Boulogne.

1885 C. F. Holder Marvels Animal Life 224 The rip-rap, as they call the tide agin' the wind.

1938 C. E. L. Phillips Cromwell's Captains iii. vii. 215 Blake had anchored in Dover Roads, with Tromp about two leagues distant, riding apparently under the lee of the shoal known as the Varne, or Rip-raps.

b. Chiefly North American (originally U.S.). Stones (either loose or cemented in place) used to form a foundation for a breakwater or other structure, and (more generally) to create revetments, embankments, etc.; (also) a structure made of this.The term is also used (with capital initial or initials and the) in place names.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > loose stone for foundations or embankments

riprap1822

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > loose stone used as foundation

riprap1875

1822 Niles' Reg. 15 June 252/1 The expense of getting stone, and delivering it at the Rip Raps and Point Comfort.

1833 H. Barnard Let. 4 Mar. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1918) 13 314 We passed in our way..Old Point Comfort, upon which you know Fortress Monroe is situated—the ripraps directly opposite, which two will effectually secure the Bay.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1946/2 Charleston Harbor, and Plymouth Breakwater, England, are founded on rip-raps.

1880 News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 9 Sept. 3/3 It is the intention of the company to raise the grade of the approaches on both sides, protecting the exposed surfaces by what is technically known as ‘rip rap’, a kind of loose rock work.

1899 Rep. Iowa Geol. Surv. IX. 435 Limestone weathering to a most irregular face, of no value except for rip-rap.

1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 11 July 36/3 It was necessary to blast out a way at the cliffside, with occasional banks of rip-rap, and stretches of trestle.

1975 Offshore Aug. 36/2 After placement the base was grouted into position and a wall of rip-rap placed right round the base to protect it against scour.

2003 High Country News 29 Sept. 6/4 The rocks won't be used as riprap along the banks; rather, they'll be placed in the river to direct the flow of the river upon itself, to slow and pool its waters.

†a. A sound resembling that caused by a rapid succession of blows; (also) a sharp blow; a sport involving blows. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of blow or fall > [noun]

smitea1200

smita1425

yark1555

riprapc1580

brattlea1600

verberation1609

whack1737

whang1770

swash1789

plunk1809

tack1821

pong1823

snop1849

thunge1849

knap1870

thung1890

pow1931

thunk1952

bonk1957

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a sharp or smart blow

dab1300

rapc1330

thresta1400

bruntc1400

knap14..

yedderc1440

gird1487

yert1509

fillip1543

yark1555

flewet1570

stingera1577

flirt1577

wherret1577

riprapc1580

spang1595

nick1651

lick1680

flip1692

yowf1711

clink1722

wherrya1726

click1773

whither1791

swata1800

yank1818

snock1825

clip1830

snop1849

clinkera1863

siserary1893

blip1894

c1580 tr. Bugbears Epil., in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 With hyffa, with huffa, with ryprap, poff, puffa, and sprityng go we!

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 35 With rip rap bouncing thee ram to the chapter is hurled.

c1600 Club Law (1907) i. iv. 5 Hee tooke mee such a riprapp on the head.

1731 ‘A. Scriblerus’ Gorgoneicon 81 A Bout of Fisty-cuff, or a Game at Rip-Rap with sturdy English Oak, sour Crab-tree, or knotty Black-thorn.

b. The sound of a firework detonating with a series of sharp reports; (also) a kind of firework which detonates with a series of sharp reports (cf. cracker n. 6a). Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > cracker or squib

squib1534

crackera1592

breaker1630

serpent1634

fizgig1647

firecracker1650

petard1668

reporter1688

riprap1709

swarmer1740

mine1769

India cracker1780

throwdown1877

whizz-bang1881

flip-flap1885

snake1891

thunderflash1943

banger1959

1709 J. Dunton Bull-baiting 37 He'll discharge the whole Artillery of his Fireworks amongst ye at once... Whiz—rip-rap-rip-rap—His-s-s-s—pop-pop-pop-pop—Bounce.

1894 H. Caine Manxman 259 A few fireworks, a rip-rap or two, and some general illumination.

1942 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Mar. 13/3 Sea-coast guns on Fort Wool, known to civilians as the Rip Raps, will be fired Saturday between 9 A.M. and noon.

1974 Country Life 28 Nov. 1682 A firework party... Rockets sped into the sky..followed by..sparklers and even ‘rip-raps’ round our feet.

2002 Best of Brit. Nov. 56/3 Rockets were the king of the fireworks—rip-raps followed a close second.

c. English regional (Derbyshire). = knock down ginger n. at knock-down adj. and n. Additions. Cf. rat-tat ginger n. at rat-tat n., int., and adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun]

rosy apple1882

doctors and nurses (also patients)1906

doctor1918

knock down ginger1959

rat-a-tat ginger1959

riprap1959

rat-tat ginger1962

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xviii. 381 There are more than sixty established names for the pursuit of illegally knocking at doors... Rip Rap. Derby.

Compounds

Chiefly North American (originally U.S.). General attributive (in sense 1b).

ΚΠ

1822 Niles' Reg. 15 June 241/1 So much has been said about the ‘Rip Rap contract’, we have commenced the publication of the report and the papers that accompanied it.

1831 Reg. Pennsylvania Jan. 15/2 Fifty-four thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight perches of rip rap wall, for foundation, and five thousand one hundred and ninety yards of inside wall.

1886 C. D. Warner Their Pilgrimage (1888) v. 120 Broken, ragged, slimy rocks, as if they had been dumped there for a rip-rap wall.

1931 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Sept. 9/6 A railroad section foreman, blasting for rip rap stone, found the first sample of the ore in western Pike county [Arkansas].

1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 16 June 7- a/2 The time required to obtain a riprap permit for Montana rivers and streams.

1992 Alabama Game & Fish Feb. 44/1 Here's what to look for—rip-rap banks, shallow points, shallow flats, open flooded timber and other areas with some type of structure.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

riprapv.

Brit.

/ˈrɪprap/, U.S.

/ˈrɪpˌræp/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: riprap n.

Etymology: < riprap n.

Chiefly North American (originally U.S.).

transitive. To provide (a structure) with a foundation of stones (loose or cemented in place); (also) to cover with a deposit of such stones, esp. to prevent erosion. Also occasionally intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > other specific processes

rama1450

uncallow1729

riprap1837

kid1877

bulldoze1931

bulldozer1945

blast1951

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (transitive)] > other processes

raggle1525

pin1680

rusticate1715

heart1776

tool1815

boast1823

fine-axe1834

ashlar1836

riprap1837

stroke1842

ditch1865

wraggle1875

bush-hammera1884

thorough-bind1884

1837 Rep. Canal Commissioners (Commonw. of Pennsylvania) 15 The upper slope of the dam was riprapped with stone its whole length.

1848 Doc. Board of Aldermen of N.Y. No. 9 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (1859) (at cited word) If, in constructing a bulkhead, it should be determined to rip-rap to low-water mark,..the cost for rip-rapping..would be about eighty thousand dollars.

1884 Harper's Mag. Sept. 621/2 The face slope..and the rear..are riprapped with stone.

1897 M. B. Ker in E. L. Wilson et al. Mountain Climbing vi. 286 We riprapped the bottom of the slope to prevent slipping down the hill.

1904 Dial. Notes 2 420 Highland Avenue is rip-rapped on one side.

1938 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Nov. 5/3 Another [project] is for rip-rapping the river bank.

1943 B. A. De Voto Year of Decision 332 They had to..pry boulders out of their course, riprap swamp patches, sometimes bridge brooks that could not be crossed otherwise.

1987 Canad. Heritage (Ottawa, Ont.) Aug.–Sept. 35/1 Members..‘rip-rap’ stream banks, laying endless numbers of stones along the creek banks to halt erosion.

2006 C. Fish In Land Wild Onion xii. 91 The town removed much of the flood debris,..and riprapped extensive sections of the bank.

Derivatives

ˈrip-ˌrapped adj.

ΚΠ

1879 Ann. Rep. (Central Pacific Railroad) 48 Several of the former openings were filled, and the approaches to the new structure made by permanent rip-rapped embankments.

1883 American 6 297 The stream will be confined within permanent barriers by rip-rapped banks and levees.

1953 Jrnl. Range Managem. 6 57 (caption) Riprapped dyke, with water flowing around the end in the spring of the year.

2008 N. S. Cormier in R. L. France Handbk. Regenerative Landscape Design xii. 263 The rip-rapped waterway that remains is obscured by industry and highways.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	riprap
释义	riprapn. Brit. /ˈrɪprap/, U.S. /ˈrɪpˌræp/ Forms: 1500s ripperappe, 1500s ryprap, 1500s– riprap, 1600s riprapp. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymon: rap n.² Etymology: Apparently a reduplication (with vowel variation) of rap n.² With senses 1a, 1b, which may be of different origin, compare Middle French rippe rappe (c1483 in the passage translated in quot. 1536), the name for a shoal in the English Channel, and perhaps compare also earlier rip v.¹ and later ripple v.³ 1. a. Nautical. An undersea bank or shoal; spec. (frequently in plural with capital initial or initials, and with the) the name of a particular feature of this type, esp. one in the eastern English Channel (now known as the Varne Bank), often regarded as a danger to shipping; (also) the motion of the tide against the wind. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > [noun] > rough water caused by wind on riprap1536 1536 R. Copland tr. P. Garcie Rutter of See (new ed.) sig. b.vii^v Betwene Folstone and Boleyne is a banke that is called Ryppe rappe [Fr. Entre foucquestant et bouloingne ya vng banc qui sappelle la rippe rappe]. 1652 R. Blake Let. Dec. (1937) (modernized text) 184 We weighed and stood away, keeping the wind to the Ness in order to avoid the Rip-raps. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. xviii. 214 Dongeness, Dover, Ripraps, The South Foreland. 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. i. 10 Near this Island we always find a great ripling which Seamen call the Rip-raps. 1784 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. I. Introd. p. iii Between Bologne and Folkstone..is..a narrow submarine hill, called the Rip-raps. 1815 J. H. Tuckey Maritime Geogr. IV. 460 A narrow ridge of sand and stone..call the Rip-raps, extends between Folkstone and Boulogne. 1885 C. F. Holder Marvels Animal Life 224 The rip-rap, as they call the tide agin' the wind. 1938 C. E. L. Phillips Cromwell's Captains iii. vii. 215 Blake had anchored in Dover Roads, with Tromp about two leagues distant, riding apparently under the lee of the shoal known as the Varne, or Rip-raps. b. Chiefly North American (originally U.S.). Stones (either loose or cemented in place) used to form a foundation for a breakwater or other structure, and (more generally) to create revetments, embankments, etc.; (also) a structure made of this.The term is also used (with capital initial or initials and the) in place names. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > loose stone for foundations or embankments riprap1822 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > loose stone used as foundation riprap1875 1822 Niles' Reg. 15 June 252/1 The expense of getting stone, and delivering it at the Rip Raps and Point Comfort. 1833 H. Barnard Let. 4 Mar. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1918) 13 314 We passed in our way..Old Point Comfort, upon which you know Fortress Monroe is situated—the ripraps directly opposite, which two will effectually secure the Bay. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1946/2 Charleston Harbor, and Plymouth Breakwater, England, are founded on rip-raps. 1880 News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 9 Sept. 3/3 It is the intention of the company to raise the grade of the approaches on both sides, protecting the exposed surfaces by what is technically known as ‘rip rap’, a kind of loose rock work. 1899 Rep. Iowa Geol. Surv. IX. 435 Limestone weathering to a most irregular face, of no value except for rip-rap. 1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 11 July 36/3 It was necessary to blast out a way at the cliffside, with occasional banks of rip-rap, and stretches of trestle. 1975 Offshore Aug. 36/2 After placement the base was grouted into position and a wall of rip-rap placed right round the base to protect it against scour. 2003 High Country News 29 Sept. 6/4 The rocks won't be used as riprap along the banks; rather, they'll be placed in the river to direct the flow of the river upon itself, to slow and pool its waters. 2. †a. A sound resembling that caused by a rapid succession of blows; (also) a sharp blow; a sport involving blows. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sound of blow or fall > [noun] smitea1200 smita1425 yark1555 riprapc1580 brattlea1600 verberation1609 whack1737 whang1770 swash1789 plunk1809 tack1821 pong1823 snop1849 thunge1849 knap1870 thung1890 pow1931 thunk1952 bonk1957 the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a sharp or smart blow dab1300 rapc1330 thresta1400 bruntc1400 knap14.. yedderc1440 gird1487 yert1509 fillip1543 yark1555 flewet1570 stingera1577 flirt1577 wherret1577 riprapc1580 spang1595 nick1651 lick1680 flip1692 yowf1711 clink1722 wherrya1726 click1773 whither1791 swata1800 yank1818 snock1825 clip1830 snop1849 clinkera1863 siserary1893 blip1894 c1580 tr. Bugbears Epil., in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 99 With hyffa, with huffa, with ryprap, poff, puffa, and sprityng go we! 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 35 With rip rap bouncing thee ram to the chapter is hurled. c1600 Club Law (1907) i. iv. 5 Hee tooke mee such a riprapp on the head. 1731 ‘A. Scriblerus’ Gorgoneicon 81 A Bout of Fisty-cuff, or a Game at Rip-Rap with sturdy English Oak, sour Crab-tree, or knotty Black-thorn. b. The sound of a firework detonating with a series of sharp reports; (also) a kind of firework which detonates with a series of sharp reports (cf. cracker n. 6a). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > cracker or squib squib1534 crackera1592 breaker1630 serpent1634 fizgig1647 firecracker1650 petard1668 reporter1688 riprap1709 swarmer1740 mine1769 India cracker1780 throwdown1877 whizz-bang1881 flip-flap1885 snake1891 thunderflash1943 banger1959 1709 J. Dunton Bull-baiting 37 He'll discharge the whole Artillery of his Fireworks amongst ye at once... Whiz—rip-rap-rip-rap—His-s-s-s—pop-pop-pop-pop—Bounce. 1894 H. Caine Manxman 259 A few fireworks, a rip-rap or two, and some general illumination. 1942 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Mar. 13/3 Sea-coast guns on Fort Wool, known to civilians as the Rip Raps, will be fired Saturday between 9 A.M. and noon. 1974 Country Life 28 Nov. 1682 A firework party... Rockets sped into the sky..followed by..sparklers and even ‘rip-raps’ round our feet. 2002 Best of Brit. Nov. 56/3 Rockets were the king of the fireworks—rip-raps followed a close second. c. English regional (Derbyshire). = knock down ginger n. at knock-down adj. and n. Additions. Cf. rat-tat ginger n. at rat-tat n., int., and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] rosy apple1882 doctors and nurses (also patients)1906 doctor1918 knock down ginger1959 rat-a-tat ginger1959 riprap1959 rat-tat ginger1962 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren xviii. 381 There are more than sixty established names for the pursuit of illegally knocking at doors... Rip Rap. Derby. Compounds Chiefly North American (originally U.S.). General attributive (in sense 1b). ΚΠ 1822 Niles' Reg. 15 June 241/1 So much has been said about the ‘Rip Rap contract’, we have commenced the publication of the report and the papers that accompanied it. 1831 Reg. Pennsylvania Jan. 15/2 Fifty-four thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight perches of rip rap wall, for foundation, and five thousand one hundred and ninety yards of inside wall. 1886 C. D. Warner Their Pilgrimage (1888) v. 120 Broken, ragged, slimy rocks, as if they had been dumped there for a rip-rap wall. 1931 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Sept. 9/6 A railroad section foreman, blasting for rip rap stone, found the first sample of the ore in western Pike county [Arkansas]. 1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 16 June 7- a/2 The time required to obtain a riprap permit for Montana rivers and streams. 1992 Alabama Game & Fish Feb. 44/1 Here's what to look for—rip-rap banks, shallow points, shallow flats, open flooded timber and other areas with some type of structure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). riprapv. Brit. /ˈrɪprap/, U.S. /ˈrɪpˌræp/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: riprap n. Etymology: < riprap n. Chiefly North American (originally U.S.). transitive. To provide (a structure) with a foundation of stones (loose or cemented in place); (also) to cover with a deposit of such stones, esp. to prevent erosion. Also occasionally intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > other specific processes rama1450 uncallow1729 riprap1837 kid1877 bulldoze1931 bulldozer1945 blast1951 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (transitive)] > other processes raggle1525 pin1680 rusticate1715 heart1776 tool1815 boast1823 fine-axe1834 ashlar1836 riprap1837 stroke1842 ditch1865 wraggle1875 bush-hammera1884 thorough-bind1884 1837 Rep. Canal Commissioners (Commonw. of Pennsylvania) 15 The upper slope of the dam was riprapped with stone its whole length. 1848 Doc. Board of Aldermen of N.Y. No. 9 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (1859) (at cited word) If, in constructing a bulkhead, it should be determined to rip-rap to low-water mark,..the cost for rip-rapping..would be about eighty thousand dollars. 1884 Harper's Mag. Sept. 621/2 The face slope..and the rear..are riprapped with stone. 1897 M. B. Ker in E. L. Wilson et al. Mountain Climbing vi. 286 We riprapped the bottom of the slope to prevent slipping down the hill. 1904 Dial. Notes 2 420 Highland Avenue is rip-rapped on one side. 1938 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Nov. 5/3 Another [project] is for rip-rapping the river bank. 1943 B. A. De Voto Year of Decision 332 They had to..pry boulders out of their course, riprap swamp patches, sometimes bridge brooks that could not be crossed otherwise. 1987 Canad. Heritage (Ottawa, Ont.) Aug.–Sept. 35/1 Members..‘rip-rap’ stream banks, laying endless numbers of stones along the creek banks to halt erosion. 2006 C. Fish In Land Wild Onion xii. 91 The town removed much of the flood debris,..and riprapped extensive sections of the bank. Derivatives ˈrip-ˌrapped adj. ΚΠ 1879 Ann. Rep. (Central Pacific Railroad) 48 Several of the former openings were filled, and the approaches to the new structure made by permanent rip-rapped embankments. 1883 American 6 297 The stream will be confined within permanent barriers by rip-rapped banks and levees. 1953 Jrnl. Range Managem. 6 57 (caption) Riprapped dyke, with water flowing around the end in the spring of the year. 2008 N. S. Cormier in R. L. France Handbk. Regenerative Landscape Design xii. 263 The rip-rapped waterway that remains is obscured by industry and highways. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1536v.1837
随便看	british thermal unit british warm british white british white cattle british, english, or scotch solomon british-born british-built british-crown british-hood british-israel british-israelism british-made british-man british-owned britishborn britishbuilt britishcrown britisher britishhood britishism britishisrael britishisraelism britishly britishmade britishman