单词 | ripening |
释义 | ripeningn. 1. The action of the verb (in various senses). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > [noun] > state of being or becoming ripe or mature ripingeOE ripenessOE ripeOE maturity?1440 ripening1561 maturation1621 superbience1672 coction1693 overripeness1806 blood-ripeness1826 the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [noun] > state of being in preparation > making or becoming mature ripingeOE concoction1555 hatching1555 ripening1561 maturation1605 incubation1614 gestation1615 coction1683 development1724 developing1744 ageing1853 maturing1897 1561 J. Dolman tr. Cicero 5 Questions i. sig. Evii The foure chaunges of the yeare, conuenient both for the rypening of fruytes, and also for the temperate disposicion of our bodyes. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxxi. 261 No lesse expedient..then the very Vniuersities themselues are for the ripening of such as bee raw. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) V. xii. 507 Then the Mace flourisheth in a faire red colour, which in the ripening becommeth yellow. 1646 H. Peake Medit. upon Seige 97 Patiently to awaite the ripening of our hopes, is the great rule of humane undertakings. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. ii. 106 The use of Deliberation, and the ripening of the Judgment. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Transmutation The transmuting or ripening of other Metals into Gold or Silver. 1786 J. Abercrombie Gardeners Daily Assistant 177 The size, beauty, and timely ripening of the fruit. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 59 The warmth of such places being supposed to promote the ripening of the cheeses. 1887 Athenæum 15 Oct. 506/1 The few studentships..give no earnest of a five years' additional ripening of scholarship. 1900 Overland Monthly Aug. 126 He had her in mind for a long time, and but waited for her ripening. 1948 G. D. H. Bell Cultivated Plants Farm ix. 73 Heavy manuring, particularly with nitrogenous fertiliser, can lead to uneven ripening, rank growth, lodging, delayed ripening and a consequently poor grain sample. 2003 M. Ali Brick Lane ix. 172 The windows were closed against the ripening of waste bins. ΚΠ 1735 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer I. xiii. 82 A clear Wort made from pale Malt, and fermented with what they call ripening, which is a Composition, they say, of the Flower of Malt, Yeast and Whites of Eggs. 3. In various industrial and other processes: a stage in which material is left to stand until desired properties are attained; spec. (a) (in viscose rayon manufacture) the process of allowing the solution of cellulose xanthate to reach a certain level of hydrolysis before spinning; (b) = Ostwald ripening n. at Ostwald n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > [noun] > processing > other processes ripping1463 intinction1559 sweat1573 inceration1612 rasion1617 lixiviation1664 scribing1679 beating1687 bushing1794 refinishing1842 grading1852 conditioning1858 ripening1860 scutching1861 retreatment1867 chamber process1869 installation1882 tanking1891 fobbing1898 steam curing1907 sieve analysis1928 mulling1931 linishing1945 1860 Photogr. Notes 15 Nov. 308/1 We must leave to it, in the foregoing case, the ripening of our solutions to their fullest development. 1871 M. C. Lea Man. Photogr. (ed. 2) iii. iii. 144 Others prefer to depend upon the aging or ripening of the collodion. 1919 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 Oct. 373 t/1 There result, upon application of partial hydration (‘ripening’), esters of high viscosity and great strength, suppleness, and wearing qualities. 1937 Discovery Aug. 247/1 The actual process is a long one.., the polymerisation process alone occupying from 90 to 120 hours, after which a ‘ripening’ process for the synthetic rubber..is necessary. 1950 R. W. Moncrieff Man-made Fibres viii. 96 Ripening is an essential part of the viscose process; ‘young’ viscose cannot be spun satisfactorily. 1991 Pract. Photogr. Jan. 90/2 Gelatin..plays an important role in the ripening of the silver before processing and developing. 2005 P. Morgan Carbon Fibers & Composites iv. 152 The exact degree of ripening is critical to facilitate correct spinning. Compounds General attributive, as ripening season, ripening time, etc. ΚΠ 1587 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnius Herbal for Bible v. 39 His glorious beautie shall be a fading flower, and as the hastie fruit afore Sommer and ripening time. 1650 A. Bradstreet Tenth Muse 8 The Summer ripening season I do claim. 1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees xiii. 110 As much of the summer heat at ripening time as may be. 1730 J. Cowell Curious & Profitable Gardener i. iv. 108 Force such nectarines to blossom a Month before their time, that their ripening Season may be in the hottest time of the Year. 1768 J. Langford Believer made Ripe for Death 18 There is a meetening, a ripening time for you. 1842 Dublin Monthly Mag. Apr. 338 Evening is the ripening time. 1892 Sessional Papers Province Ont. XXIV. No. 16. 178 The ripening vat consists essentially of a tin vat surrounded by an air space. 1910 W. de la Mare Three Mulla-mulgars i. 7 The great Ukka-tree, which he had climbed at ripening-time. 1947 J. H. Collins in P. I. Smith Pract. Plastics vii. 91/1 An acetyl value of fifty-three is the material sought. It is obtained by over-acetylating and then hydrolysing back by adding water to the mixture in a ripening vat. 2006 Decanter June 76/3 Perhaps the hottest issue being debated in the trenches is extended ripening periods or ‘hang times’ for grapes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ripeningadj. 1. That brings to ripeness or maturity. Cf. maturing adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > bringing to maturity ripeningc1450 mellowing1622 maturative1646 the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > ripe or ripened > ripening or becoming ripe > ripening or making ripe ripeningc1450 maturative1646 maturing1820 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatments removing or dispersing matter > [adjective] > bringing (ulcers, etc.) to maturity ripeninga1602 c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 2 (MED) For Augustus is þat month in heruest whech is þe hattest month and moost ripening of frutes. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. xxi. 248 It shall be cured by ripening medicines. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. i. 163 This bud of loue by Sommers ripening breath, May proue a bewtious floure. View more context for this quotation a1602 W. Perkins Cases of Consc. (1619) 55 As Surgeons are wont..to apply drawing and ripening plaisters. 1685 J. Dryden Albion & Albanius iii. sig. I1 Already they are fixt by Fate, And only ripening Ages wait. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Glue This Bookbinders Glue is of an emplastick and ripening Nature. 1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxxi. 257 The best method then is to forward it by applying the ripening poultices. 1881 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 567 This is to be attributed to the good ripening season of 1880. 1950 J. G. Davis Dict. Dairying 43 Blue-veined cheese, a term applied to Stilton, Wensleydale, Roquefort, and Gorgonzola cheese, in which the blue-green mould, Penicillium roqueforti, grows in cracks and is an important ripening agent. 2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 23 Dec. 31/1 Winemakers have realized that to make bigger, more expressive wines, they need to let the grapes hang in the ripening sun longer. 2. Developing towards or coming to ripeness. Cf. maturing adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > ripe or ripened > ripening or becoming ripe riping?1440 mellowing1622 ripening1622 maturing1838 semi-mature1928 the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > qualities of wound openOE greenc1325 compound cystc1400 composed?1541 cursed1565 undressed1598 stale1607 untenteda1616 ripening1622 stabbed1653 indigested1676 complicated fracture1745 stanchless1820 unstanched1826 uncicatrized1839 punched out1869 toxicotraumatic1899 the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > bringing to maturity > coming to maturity ripening1713 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xx. 12 The Rouncefall, great Beanes, and early ripening Peason. 1651 W. Davenant Gondibert ii. vi Duke Gondibert Was brought, which now his rip'ning wounds allow. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 63 Before the Sickles touch the ripening Wheat. View more context for this quotation 1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 17 Phœbus [shall] warm the ripening Ore to Gold. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. vii. 200 Ripening clusters of grapes hung round her little casement. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. ix. 318 Her ripening understanding was better able..to appreciate his abilities. 1876 J. Saunders Lion in Path i There was the eloquent murmur of a ripening harvest. 1917 C. W. Walker-Tisdale & W. E. Woodnutt Pract. Cheesemaking xviii. 152 There are three types of Cheshire cheese... Early Ripening Cheese... Medium Ripening... Long keeping Cheese. 1949 E. Taylor Wreath of Roses ix. 135 The valley was swathed in ripening corn, gardens clotted with blossom. 2006 Bird Watching Aug. 124/3 Farmland sees an increase in smaller seedeaters, as town sparrows head out to join Yellowhammers and Chaffinches feasting on ripening grain. Derivatives ˈripeningly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adverb] mellowly1833 ripeningly1894 1894 Temple Bar 102 142 The sun..shone ripeningly upon the mellow clusters. 1943 Times 28 May 6/5 Mr Sydney Howard has the great comedian's manner. It shines on a joke as the sun shines on a pippin, caressingly, ripeningly. 2006 U.S. Patent 7,041,323 9 May In the present context, the expression ‘a ripeningly effective amount’ relates to an amount of the enzyme. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1561adj.c1450 |
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