roastingn.

Brit.

/ˈrəʊstɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊstɪŋ/

Forms: see roast v. and -ing suffix¹; also late Middle English rostig (perhaps transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roast v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < roast v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of roast v. (in various senses); an instance of this.Recorded earliest in attributive use: see roasting-iron n., roasting house at Compounds 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > [noun] > roasting

roastingc1350

fire1483

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > roasting

roastingc1350

roasteda1398

hasterya1475

over-roasting1712

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > smelting

roastingc1350

reducing?a1425

smelting1531

trying1630

excoction1640

reduction1666

eliquation1741

roast1870

beneficiation1881

c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 16* Brandirne rostinghiron and panne.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 439 (MED) Þan fil so greet cruelnesse and honger in þe citee þat biggynge and sellynge cesede, and so dede rostynge and seþinge and greyþinge of mete.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 225 Benes makeþ veyne sweuenes and dredeful; by seþynge & rostynge [L. per decoctionem et assaturam] þerof..ventosite is abated, but nouȝt al destroyed.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 437 Roostynge, assatura.

a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 399 Þat he sell no maner flesshe and ffysshe but hitt be good..both in sethyng, Rostyng, and bakyng.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCv Yet was not that roostynge to hym so greuous payne as was to Chryst his crucifyenge.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 54 It might be fitter called a rosting, or broyling, then a resting, or sleepe.

1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 36 I will not fail to wait on him in the roasting of an Egg.

1741 tr. J. A. Cramer Elements Art of assaying Metals 189 Roasting, called in German Rosten, is when volatile Bodies are separated from fixt ones by the combined Action of Fire and Air.

1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 33 Tedious and troublesome roastings and fusions in great degrees of heat.

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 81 The calcination or roasting of iron-ores.

1936 E. Rosenthal Old-Time Survivals 20 (caption) An old South African Dutch custom, which includes the public roasting of meat in the embers at night.

1971 Guardian 8 Jan. 9/1 Roasting is a craft which even French cooks are prepared to delegate to an Englishman.

2005 Fresh Nov. 29/1 A rib joint is ideal for roasting as it contains more meat and bears some resemblance to a lamb rack.

2. The action or an instance of severely criticizing or ridiculing someone. Frequently in to give a person a roasting.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] > unmerciful banter

roastingc1728

roast1740

c1728 Earl of Ailesbury Mem. (Roxb.) 533 Dr. Sacheverell's trial, which his persecutors termed the roasting of a priest.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 145 They would give Mr. Mathematic a roasting and humble him a little.

1831 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Feb. 488/2 If I hear anymore of his back-biting and eaves-dropping, I will go..and give him a roasting before a judge and jury at Norwich.

1888 Athenæum 7 Apr. 436/1 I..thank him in advance for the roasting that he promises me in his coming preface.

1942 J. B. Priestley in R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 2 I..have taken and dished out uproarious insults... My friendly hosts have been anxious about the way in which I would take this elaborate ‘roasting’.

1963 Times 25 Feb. 3/6 The crowd, which cheered wildly all the time for the popular Mormon elder from neighbouring Utah, gave Tiger a ‘roasting’ several times.

1996 C. Bateman Of Wee Sweetie Mice & Men xxxv. 272 They gave the old man a roasting.

3. British slang. Sexual activity in which a woman has multiple male partners; spec. = spit-roasting n. at spit-roast v. Additions.

ΚΠ

2003 News of World 5 Oct. 5/1 [He] insists that roasting is mainly the preserve of the new, young stars—flash, rich and directionless.

2007 Irish Independent (Nexis) 3 Mar. A video showing three players involved in a sex orgy, known as ‘roasting’ was circulated on the internet.

2008 C. Newkey-Burden in J. Burchill & C. Newkey-Burden Not in my Name 30 Is ‘roasting’ not just two men having sex with each other with a woman in between?

Phrases

P1. Proverb. there is reason in (the) roasting of eggs: there is reason behind every action, however strange it may seem.

ΚΠ

1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 12/2 in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) Ther's reason in rosting of Eggs.

1688 Pleasures Matrimony ix. 140 Here's such a Consumption of Gold and Silver upon Lac'd Petticoats, that the Man can hardly get Money enough to go to the Tavern. Oh but they'll say there's a Reason in Roasting of Eggs.

1785 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides 24 (note) I now see the full force of the common proverb, ‘there is reason in roasting of eggs.’

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lxxv. 304 But there's reason in the roasting of eggs, and I can tell you that money is not so plenty in this house, that your uncle can afford to throw it into the Barchester gutters.

1915 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ In Mr Knox's Country ix. 231 ‘I'm going out of this,’ I said to myself defiantly; ‘there's reason in the roasting of eggs.’

P2.

roasting and reaction process n. [compare German †Reactionsrösten (1882 or earlier)] Metallurgy (now rare) a process in the extraction of lead from galena (lead sulphide) in which the products of an initial roasting are strongly heated, causing a chemical reaction which produces lead and sulphur dioxide.

ΚΠ

1868 W. Crookes & E. Röhrig Kerl's Pract. Treat. Metall. I. i. 16 This roasting and reaction is repeated until no more lead is produced.]

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 172 Scotch hearth, a low forge or furnace of cast-iron, with one tuyere, in which rich galena is treated by a sort of accelerated roasting and reaction process.

1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 205/1 The roasting-and-reaction process is generally quite subsidiary, for the atmosphere in the furnace is essentially a reducing one, and oxidation of sulphide to sulphate cannot take place to any great extent.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. With names of apparatus, utensils, etc., with the sense ‘used in or connected with roasting’, as roasting device, roasting fork, roasting furnace, roasting house, roasting kitchen, roasting machine, roasting oven, roasting pan, roasting rack, roasting range, roasting spit, roasting stick, roasting tin, roasting tongs, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > roasting, roasted, or roastable > that roasts

roasting1353

1353–4 in W. H. St. J. Hope Windsor Castle (1913) I. 166 (MED) Pro reparacione cooperture del Rostynghous.

1437 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 10 (MED) Lego Williemo Basse..j par rostyngrakkes ferrea.

1444 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 100 (MED) Lego..j patellam ferream vocatam rostyngpan habentem j spout in utraque fine.

1525–6 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 107 Pro feodo le Rostyngrang.

1637 Edinb. Test. LVIII. f. 191^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rosting Ane littell rosting speit.

1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. A rosting spit, een braedt-spit.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 248/2 He beareth sable a Lanthorn Makers Rosting stick... It is of some named the Roasting tonges.

1724 London Gaz. No. 6270/9 Dealers..in Coffee may..Roast their Berries at such Roasting-Houses.

1789 H. Abbott Jrnl. Trip Aleppo to Bussora 110 A few cooking utensils, not omitting a small roasting spit and gridiron.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 820 This is what is called a walled area, and sometimes, improperly enough, a roasting furnace.

1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxxi. §5969 The London Roasting Range..with cast-iron chimney-piece.

1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxxi. §5983 A large brick roasting oven.

1883 Archaeologia Cantiana 15 246 They repeatedly assailed Mr. Annesley..with pitchforks, stones, and roasting-spits.

1923 H. Crane Let. 5 Dec. (1965) 159 The ten pound bird was put into a wonderful roasting machine... You put the bird on a long spit that had a crank and catches... You must have seen one of these roasting devices.

1950 W. R. Bird This is Nova Scotia ii. 37 On the wall are such items as an otter head, and feet,..and brass roasting forks.

1960 E. David French Provinc. Cooking 66 A shallow rectangular baking or roasting tin.

1965 E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen vi. 67 The ‘roasting kitchen’, a reflecting oven built as an arch-topped box on legs, with one open side to face the fire.

1981 Bon Appétit Mar. 32/3 Dark beer gets its added color and flavor from malt that has spent extra time in the roasting kiln.

2005 Olive Mar. 44/1 Spread the chips out in a roasting tin..and bake until golden brown.

b. With the sense ‘suitable for roasting’, as roasting beef, roasting eel, roasting ore, roasting pig, etc.

ΚΠ

1483 in R. Davies Extracts Munic. Rec. York (1843) 162 iij greit roistyng els.

1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Funke Actes & Hist. Worlde 1532–50 in tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles f. cclxviii Lo brother, there hast thou a good roastyng pece of an hogge.

1582 R. Madox Diary 10 July in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 151 His wyf..hath every holyday the best of rosting beaf.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xi. 33 Sage is vsed commonly in sawces, as to stuffe veale, porke, rosting pigges, and that for good cause.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 46 Rosting Pigs are of most men greatly desired.

1644 J. Osborne in F. B. Tupper Castle Cornet (1851) 92 He sends you a barrel of roasting beef.

1662 H. Marten Familiar Lett. xl. 35 To give thee a piece of roasting Beef, and a shoulder of Mutton.

1729 J. Swift Modest Proposal 8 Buying the Children alive, and dressing them hot from the Knife, as we do roasting Pigs.

1778 S. Chambers Let. 12 Mar. in G. Washington Papers (2004) Revolutionary War Ser. XIV. 156 Buck-Wheat meal Indian meal Roasting pigs Eggs and butter.

1825 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 334 I went to his hospitable board one Sabbath-day;..he had a roasting pig.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 168 The sirloin is the principal roasting piece.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 249 Nearly all south of it is roasting-ore.

1928 Amer. Econ. Rev. 18 236 Consumable goods at retail includes..Roasting beef.

2008 Las Vegas (Nevada) Rev.-Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Nov. 1 e Guzman is looking for someone who sells whole roasting pigs.

C2.

roasting cook n. now historical a person who specializes in cooking food (esp. meat) by roasting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > roaster

roaster1440

roasting cook1611

rôtisseur1751

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rostissiere, a rosting Cookes wife.

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. v. xvii. 241 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) There are several roasting Cooks at Ispahan, that roast a whole Sheep at a time.

1710 W. Brown Impiety & Superstition Expos'd Pref., sig. **2^v The Roasting-cooks would..most devoutly celebrate the Feast of her Assumption, because Assum hath a signification of Roasting.

1851 Daily News 25 Oct. 6/1 A witness..who was a roasting cook in the royal kitchen.

1909 E. C. Mayne Enchanters of Men 124 Her maternal grandfather, Fabien Bécu, had been a roasting-cook at Paris, under Louis XIV.

2000 C. Hibbert Queen Victoria 469 A kitchen staff, including a chef..two roasting cooks..and some half a dozen kitchen maids.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

roastingadj.

Brit.

/ˈrəʊstɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊstɪŋ/

Forms: see roast v. and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roast v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < roast v. + -ing suffix².

1. Extremely hot; blazing, scorching.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > very

wall-hotc1000

walm-hotOE

hot as hellOE

welling?a1200

welling hota1400

aestuant?1440

burning1484

scalding?a1513

broiling1555

roasting1567

walming hot1601

boiling hot1607

baking1656

stewing-hot1711

piping1823

grilling1839

seething1848

white-hot1855

stewing1856

incandescent1859

swithering1895

boiling1930

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xv. f. 111 ^v With roasting flames to consume the innocent flesh of hir whom I loued best.

1620 T. Dekker Dreame sig. E4^v The Roasting Fire, and the Smoake, and the Brimstone, and the Spirit of Stormes.

1692 C. Gildon Post-boy rob'd of his Mail I. iii. 30 Spying a brave roasting fire,..cry'd out, God send us fire everlasting.

?1757 G. S. Green Life J. Van I. viii. 70 The sultry Heat of the roasting Sun.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. iii. 394 Wrapped up in a warm bed with a roasting fire in the chamber.

1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 2 So Drury first in roasting flames consum'd,..Soars without wings.

1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting 183 In the middle of a regular roasting hot day.

1893 W. C. Russell in Idler 2 12 The roasting calms of the Equator.

1962 V. Starcke Denmark in World Hist. 52 In the roasting heat of July..they fought the Battle of Vercellae.

1998 I. Welsh Filth 126 In the Royal Scot they have a wonderful fire going, giving off a roasting heat.

2. Esp. of food: that is being roasted.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > roasting, roasted, or roastable

roasteda1325

roast?a1400

bradc1400

roastable1570

roasting1650

rôti1757

1650 T. Venner Via Recta (new ed.) 76 The flesh of Rosting pigs is very moist and excrementall.

1695 E. Ravenscroft Canterbury Guests v. ii. 53 The Rogues as Chollerick as a rosting Lobster.

1717 E. Ward Brit. Wonders 21 So have I seen a Hound stand peeping At roasting Beef and melted Dripping.

1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding iii. iii. 37 Mark me but walking an hundred paces..if I do not broil and drip like a roasting ox.

1828 J. A. B. Beaumont Trav. Buenos Ayres 198 I could now, after a hard day's ride, draw my skull to the roasting beef.

1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 131 Never yet on earth Could..bits of roasting ox Moan round the spit.

1919 C. J. Biddle Way of Eagle 134 The sickening smell of roasting human flesh.

1988 Standard Nov. 43/3 The aroma of a roasting pig..wafted across the play area.

2009 Y. C. Roberts & R. Roberts Brazilian Table 44 This sound is identical to the sound of roasting popcorn.

Derivatives

ˈroastingly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adverb] > very or intensely (hot)

burning hot1475

seething1489

moultering1606

flaming-hot1638

torridly1657

roastingly1830

broiling1840

bakingly1858

blisteringly1877

candescently1883

broilingly1885

1830 G. F. Moore Let. 9 Nov. in Lett. & Jrnls. (1834) 29 The weather is roastingly hot, but not oppressive.

1998 Daily Sitka (Alaska) Sentinel 23 June 2/5 A day of roastingly hot temperatures was in store across the nation's southern states today.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	roasting
释义	roastingn. Brit. /ˈrəʊstɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈroʊstɪŋ/ Forms: see roast v. and -ing suffix¹; also late Middle English rostig (perhaps transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roast v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < roast v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of roast v. (in various senses); an instance of this.Recorded earliest in attributive use: see roasting-iron n., roasting house at Compounds 1a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > [noun] > roasting roastingc1350 fire1483 the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > roasting roastingc1350 roasteda1398 hasterya1475 over-roasting1712 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > smelting roastingc1350 reducing?a1425 smelting1531 trying1630 excoction1640 reduction1666 eliquation1741 roast1870 beneficiation1881 c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 16* Brandirne rostinghiron and panne. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 439 (MED) Þan fil so greet cruelnesse and honger in þe citee þat biggynge and sellynge cesede, and so dede rostynge and seþinge and greyþinge of mete. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 225 Benes makeþ veyne sweuenes and dredeful; by seþynge & rostynge [L. per decoctionem et assaturam] þerof..ventosite is abated, but nouȝt al destroyed. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 437 Roostynge, assatura. a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 399 Þat he sell no maner flesshe and ffysshe but hitt be good..both in sethyng, Rostyng, and bakyng. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCv Yet was not that roostynge to hym so greuous payne as was to Chryst his crucifyenge. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 54 It might be fitter called a rosting, or broyling, then a resting, or sleepe. 1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 36 I will not fail to wait on him in the roasting of an Egg. 1741 tr. J. A. Cramer Elements Art of assaying Metals 189 Roasting, called in German Rosten, is when volatile Bodies are separated from fixt ones by the combined Action of Fire and Air. 1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 33 Tedious and troublesome roastings and fusions in great degrees of heat. 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 81 The calcination or roasting of iron-ores. 1936 E. Rosenthal Old-Time Survivals 20 (caption) An old South African Dutch custom, which includes the public roasting of meat in the embers at night. 1971 Guardian 8 Jan. 9/1 Roasting is a craft which even French cooks are prepared to delegate to an Englishman. 2005 Fresh Nov. 29/1 A rib joint is ideal for roasting as it contains more meat and bears some resemblance to a lamb rack. 2. The action or an instance of severely criticizing or ridiculing someone. Frequently in to give a person a roasting. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] > unmerciful banter roastingc1728 roast1740 c1728 Earl of Ailesbury Mem. (Roxb.) 533 Dr. Sacheverell's trial, which his persecutors termed the roasting of a priest. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 145 They would give Mr. Mathematic a roasting and humble him a little. 1831 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 19 Feb. 488/2 If I hear anymore of his back-biting and eaves-dropping, I will go..and give him a roasting before a judge and jury at Norwich. 1888 Athenæum 7 Apr. 436/1 I..thank him in advance for the roasting that he promises me in his coming preface. 1942 J. B. Priestley in R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 2 I..have taken and dished out uproarious insults... My friendly hosts have been anxious about the way in which I would take this elaborate ‘roasting’. 1963 Times 25 Feb. 3/6 The crowd, which cheered wildly all the time for the popular Mormon elder from neighbouring Utah, gave Tiger a ‘roasting’ several times. 1996 C. Bateman Of Wee Sweetie Mice & Men xxxv. 272 They gave the old man a roasting. 3. British slang. Sexual activity in which a woman has multiple male partners; spec. = spit-roasting n. at spit-roast v. Additions. ΚΠ 2003 News of World 5 Oct. 5/1 [He] insists that roasting is mainly the preserve of the new, young stars—flash, rich and directionless. 2007 Irish Independent (Nexis) 3 Mar. A video showing three players involved in a sex orgy, known as ‘roasting’ was circulated on the internet. 2008 C. Newkey-Burden in J. Burchill & C. Newkey-Burden Not in my Name 30 Is ‘roasting’ not just two men having sex with each other with a woman in between? Phrases P1. Proverb. there is reason in (the) roasting of eggs: there is reason behind every action, however strange it may seem. ΚΠ 1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 12/2 in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) Ther's reason in rosting of Eggs. 1688 Pleasures Matrimony ix. 140 Here's such a Consumption of Gold and Silver upon Lac'd Petticoats, that the Man can hardly get Money enough to go to the Tavern. Oh but they'll say there's a Reason in Roasting of Eggs. 1785 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides 24 (note) I now see the full force of the common proverb, ‘there is reason in roasting of eggs.’ 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lxxv. 304 But there's reason in the roasting of eggs, and I can tell you that money is not so plenty in this house, that your uncle can afford to throw it into the Barchester gutters. 1915 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ In Mr Knox's Country ix. 231 ‘I'm going out of this,’ I said to myself defiantly; ‘there's reason in the roasting of eggs.’ P2. roasting and reaction process n. [compare German †Reactionsrösten (1882 or earlier)] Metallurgy (now rare) a process in the extraction of lead from galena (lead sulphide) in which the products of an initial roasting are strongly heated, causing a chemical reaction which produces lead and sulphur dioxide. ΚΠ 1868 W. Crookes & E. Röhrig Kerl's Pract. Treat. Metall. I. i. 16 This roasting and reaction is repeated until no more lead is produced.] 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 172 Scotch hearth, a low forge or furnace of cast-iron, with one tuyere, in which rich galena is treated by a sort of accelerated roasting and reaction process. 1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 205/1 The roasting-and-reaction process is generally quite subsidiary, for the atmosphere in the furnace is essentially a reducing one, and oxidation of sulphide to sulphate cannot take place to any great extent. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. With names of apparatus, utensils, etc., with the sense ‘used in or connected with roasting’, as roasting device, roasting fork, roasting furnace, roasting house, roasting kitchen, roasting machine, roasting oven, roasting pan, roasting rack, roasting range, roasting spit, roasting stick, roasting tin, roasting tongs, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > roasting, roasted, or roastable > that roasts roasting1353 1353–4 in W. H. St. J. Hope Windsor Castle (1913) I. 166 (MED) Pro reparacione cooperture del Rostynghous. 1437 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 10 (MED) Lego Williemo Basse..j par rostyngrakkes ferrea. 1444 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 100 (MED) Lego..j patellam ferream vocatam rostyngpan habentem j spout in utraque fine. 1525–6 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 107 Pro feodo le Rostyngrang. 1637 Edinb. Test. LVIII. f. 191^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rosting Ane littell rosting speit. 1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. A rosting spit, een braedt-spit. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 248/2 He beareth sable a Lanthorn Makers Rosting stick... It is of some named the Roasting tonges. 1724 London Gaz. No. 6270/9 Dealers..in Coffee may..Roast their Berries at such Roasting-Houses. 1789 H. Abbott Jrnl. Trip Aleppo to Bussora 110 A few cooking utensils, not omitting a small roasting spit and gridiron. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 820 This is what is called a walled area, and sometimes, improperly enough, a roasting furnace. 1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxxi. §5969 The London Roasting Range..with cast-iron chimney-piece. 1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxxi. §5983 A large brick roasting oven. 1883 Archaeologia Cantiana 15 246 They repeatedly assailed Mr. Annesley..with pitchforks, stones, and roasting-spits. 1923 H. Crane Let. 5 Dec. (1965) 159 The ten pound bird was put into a wonderful roasting machine... You put the bird on a long spit that had a crank and catches... You must have seen one of these roasting devices. 1950 W. R. Bird This is Nova Scotia ii. 37 On the wall are such items as an otter head, and feet,..and brass roasting forks. 1960 E. David French Provinc. Cooking 66 A shallow rectangular baking or roasting tin. 1965 E. Tunis Colonial Craftsmen vi. 67 The ‘roasting kitchen’, a reflecting oven built as an arch-topped box on legs, with one open side to face the fire. 1981 Bon Appétit Mar. 32/3 Dark beer gets its added color and flavor from malt that has spent extra time in the roasting kiln. 2005 Olive Mar. 44/1 Spread the chips out in a roasting tin..and bake until golden brown. b. With the sense ‘suitable for roasting’, as roasting beef, roasting eel, roasting ore, roasting pig, etc. ΚΠ 1483 in R. Davies Extracts Munic. Rec. York (1843) 162 iij greit roistyng els. 1550 W. Lynne tr. J. Funke Actes & Hist. Worlde 1532–50 in tr. J. Carion Thre Bks. Cronicles f. cclxviii Lo brother, there hast thou a good roastyng pece of an hogge. 1582 R. Madox Diary 10 July in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 151 His wyf..hath every holyday the best of rosting beaf. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xi. 33 Sage is vsed commonly in sawces, as to stuffe veale, porke, rosting pigges, and that for good cause. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta iii. 46 Rosting Pigs are of most men greatly desired. 1644 J. Osborne in F. B. Tupper Castle Cornet (1851) 92 He sends you a barrel of roasting beef. 1662 H. Marten Familiar Lett. xl. 35 To give thee a piece of roasting Beef, and a shoulder of Mutton. 1729 J. Swift Modest Proposal 8 Buying the Children alive, and dressing them hot from the Knife, as we do roasting Pigs. 1778 S. Chambers Let. 12 Mar. in G. Washington Papers (2004) Revolutionary War Ser. XIV. 156 Buck-Wheat meal Indian meal Roasting pigs Eggs and butter. 1825 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 334 I went to his hospitable board one Sabbath-day;..he had a roasting pig. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 168 The sirloin is the principal roasting piece. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 249 Nearly all south of it is roasting-ore. 1928 Amer. Econ. Rev. 18 236 Consumable goods at retail includes..Roasting beef. 2008 Las Vegas (Nevada) Rev.-Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Nov. 1 e Guzman is looking for someone who sells whole roasting pigs. C2. roasting cook n. now historical a person who specializes in cooking food (esp. meat) by roasting. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > roaster roaster1440 roasting cook1611 rôtisseur1751 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Rostissiere, a rosting Cookes wife. 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. v. xvii. 241 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) There are several roasting Cooks at Ispahan, that roast a whole Sheep at a time. 1710 W. Brown Impiety & Superstition Expos'd Pref., sig. *2^v The Roasting-cooks would..most devoutly celebrate the Feast of her Assumption, because Assum* hath a signification of Roasting. 1851 Daily News 25 Oct. 6/1 A witness..who was a roasting cook in the royal kitchen. 1909 E. C. Mayne Enchanters of Men 124 Her maternal grandfather, Fabien Bécu, had been a roasting-cook at Paris, under Louis XIV. 2000 C. Hibbert Queen Victoria 469 A kitchen staff, including a chef..two roasting cooks..and some half a dozen kitchen maids. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). roastingadj. Brit. /ˈrəʊstɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈroʊstɪŋ/ Forms: see roast v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: roast v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < roast v. + -ing suffix². 1. Extremely hot; blazing, scorching. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > very wall-hotc1000 walm-hotOE hot as hellOE welling?a1200 welling hota1400 aestuant?1440 burning1484 scalding?a1513 broiling1555 roasting1567 walming hot1601 boiling hot1607 baking1656 stewing-hot1711 piping1823 grilling1839 seething1848 white-hot1855 stewing1856 incandescent1859 swithering1895 boiling1930 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xv. f. 111 ^v With roasting flames to consume the innocent flesh of hir whom I loued best. 1620 T. Dekker Dreame sig. E4^v The Roasting Fire, and the Smoake, and the Brimstone, and the Spirit of Stormes. 1692 C. Gildon Post-boy rob'd of his Mail I. iii. 30 Spying a brave roasting fire,..cry'd out, God send us fire everlasting. ?1757 G. S. Green Life J. Van I. viii. 70 The sultry Heat of the roasting Sun. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. iii. 394 Wrapped up in a warm bed with a roasting fire in the chamber. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 2 So Drury first in roasting flames consum'd,..Soars without wings. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting 183 In the middle of a regular roasting hot day. 1893 W. C. Russell in Idler 2 12 The roasting calms of the Equator. 1962 V. Starcke Denmark in World Hist. 52 In the roasting heat of July..they fought the Battle of Vercellae. 1998 I. Welsh Filth 126 In the Royal Scot they have a wonderful fire going, giving off a roasting heat. 2. Esp. of food: that is being roasted. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > roasting, roasted, or roastable roasteda1325 roast?a1400 bradc1400 roastable1570 roasting1650 rôti1757 1650 T. Venner Via Recta (new ed.) 76 The flesh of Rosting pigs is very moist and excrementall. 1695 E. Ravenscroft Canterbury Guests v. ii. 53 The Rogues as Chollerick as a rosting Lobster. 1717 E. Ward Brit. Wonders 21 So have I seen a Hound stand peeping At roasting Beef and melted Dripping. 1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding iii. iii. 37 Mark me but walking an hundred paces..if I do not broil and drip like a roasting ox. 1828 J. A. B. Beaumont Trav. Buenos Ayres 198 I could now, after a hard day's ride, draw my skull to the roasting beef. 1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 131 Never yet on earth Could..bits of roasting ox Moan round the spit. 1919 C. J. Biddle Way of Eagle 134 The sickening smell of roasting human flesh. 1988 Standard Nov. 43/3 The aroma of a roasting pig..wafted across the play area. 2009 Y. C. Roberts & R. Roberts Brazilian Table 44 This sound is identical to the sound of roasting popcorn. Derivatives ˈroastingly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adverb] > very or intensely (hot) burning hot1475 seething1489 moultering1606 flaming-hot1638 torridly1657 roastingly1830 broiling1840 bakingly1858 blisteringly1877 candescently1883 broilingly1885 1830 G. F. Moore Let. 9 Nov. in Lett. & Jrnls. (1834) 29 The weather is roastingly hot, but not oppressive. 1998 Daily Sitka (Alaska) Sentinel 23 June 2/5 A day of roastingly hot temperatures was in store across the nation's southern states today. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1350adj.1567
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