rhumbn.

Brit.

/rʌm/, U.S.

/rəm/

Forms: 1500s rumby (plural), 1500s–1600s romb, 1500s–1600s rombe, 1500s–1800s rumb, 1600s rhombe, 1600s rhumbe, 1600s roomb, 1600s roombe, 1600s roome, 1600s–1700s rum, 1600s– rhomb, 1600s– rhumb.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Spanish rumbo; Portuguese rumo.

Etymology: < Spanish rumbo (1494), originally a variant (probably by association with rumo space in a ship) of rombo (although that is first attested slightly later: see rhomb n.) < classical Latin rhombus rhombus n.; in English use perhaps also partly via Portuguese rumo (end of the 15th cent.; < Spanish). Compare also Middle French rumb, French rhumb (1554 in a translation of a Spanish work).In quot. 1576 at sense 1a rumby is apparently intended as a plural of either Spanish rumbo or Portuguese rumbo, although the plural form in each language is in fact rumbos; it perhaps reflects association with classical Latin rhombus (plural rhombī). N.E.D. (1908) also gives the pronunciation (rɒmb) /rʌmb/.

Nautical.

a. The line or course followed by a ship or other vessel sailing in a fixed direction. Also: an imaginary line on the earth's surface intersecting all meridians at the same angle and used as the standard method of plotting a ship's course on a chart (cf. rhumb line n., rhumb track n. at Compounds). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > rhumb-line

rhumb1576

rhumb line1669

loxodromica1679

loxodromy1706

loxodromic spiral1839

rhumb track1851

1576 T. Digges Perfit Descr. Cælestiall Orbes in L. Digges Prognostication (rev. ed.) sig. P Theese vulgare marine Chartes delineate wyth Parallele meridianes and rightlined Rumby.

1599 E. Wright tr. S. Stevin Hauen-finding Art 5 When they..which in sayling folow the lines shewing the courses (which lines because now they haue found the name among the Portugales we cal Rumbs).

1601 T. Oliver New Handling of Planisphere 96 The Longitudes and Latitudes of any two places being giuen, to finde their direction commonlie called the Rumbe.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 36 For to learne to..know the tydes, your roomes, pricke your card, say your Compasse.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures l. 195 We had now held this course five dayes, running with much labour by many different roombs.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Rumb, or Course of a Ship, is the Angle which she makes in her Sailing with the Meridian of the Place where she is.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 49 Observe..what rhumb of the nearest fly runs mostly parallel to the edge of the quadrant, and that rhumb shews nearly the bearing required.

1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 484/1 A rumb is one of the thirty-two principal compass directions, and to sail on any rumb is to sail continually on one course.

1872 C. Davies & W. G. Peck Math. Dict. & Cycl. Math. Sci. 380/2 If the two places lie on the same meridian, the rhumb is that meridian, and the course is either north or south.

1903 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 436 The laying of the rhumbs on Columbus's chart.

1955 Imago Mundi 12 89 The rhumbs were marked according to the magnetic needle, and with these two elements—the rhumb and the distance—the track was drawn.

1994 Nature 6 Jan. 13/3 Mercator introduced his projection in 1569. It made possible the easy determination of the rhumb, or constant compass bearing, on which a navigator had to sail to reach a distant destination without changing course.

†b. figurative. A course of action. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > (a) course of conduct or action

wayeOE

pathOE

waya1225

tracea1300

line13..

dancea1352

tenor1398

featc1420

faction1447

rink?a1500

footpath1535

trade1536

vein1549

tract1575

course1582

road1600

country dance1613

track1638

steeragea1641

rhumb1666

tack1675

conduct1706

walk1755

wheel-way1829

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus Pref. 2 The rombs I steer'd by in my endeavors to arrive to a point.

1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 44 If thou ever knew that any of the..sacred writers followed the diabolical rhumb which thou followest to correct bad preachers?

a. Any of the (sixteen or thirty-two) principal points of the compass. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > card of > point(s) of compass > principal points > one of

quartera1450

rhumb1594

quadrature1601

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xix. f. 153 What time..the Sunne or saide starre, commeth to the true East or any other rombe.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 177 Att certaine times of the yeare windes do blow more violently..from some determinate part or Rombe of the world.

1664 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 9 An anniversary wind that from one Romb, constantly blows one way six Months.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 3 The Compass contains..16 distinct Rhombs or Courses.

1730 J. Harris Treat. Navigation ii. 105 You need not draw any more Rhumbs in the Compass than you have Courses to lay down.

1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 368/2 Because there are 32 rumbs (or points of the compass) equally distant from one another, therefore the angle contained between any two of them adjacent will be 11° 15′.

1795 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. II. 373/1 Rhumbs..coincide with points of the world, or of the horizon.

1850 W. S. Harris Rudim. Magn. v. 131 These [lines], as practically applied to the compass card, are called points of the compass, or in nautical language, rhumbs.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1935/2 The circle of 360° is divided into 32 points or rhumbs.

1910 Encycl. Brit. VI. 809/1 The naming of the intermediate subdivisions making up the thirty-two points or rhumbs of the compass card is probably due to Flemish navigators.

b. The angle between two successive points of the thirty-two point compass (11 degrees 15 minutes). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > card of > point(s) of compass > angular distance between points

rhumb1625

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 66 At Guinea the magneticall needle inclines to the East, a third part of one Rumbe of the Compasse.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 64 At London it [sc. the needle] varieth eleven degrees, that is almost one Rhomb .

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Rumb, in Navigation, is one Point of the Compass, or 11¼ Degrees.

1859 A. B. Taylor Rep. Weights & Meas. (Amer. Pharmaceutical Assoc.) 64 The cardinal points dividing the circle into quarters,—each quarter is divided into halves or octants,—each octant into halves and quarters, called ‘rhumbs’ or ‘points’..the rhumb or point being 11° 15'.

1995 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Island of Day Before 215 From the Canaries you move towards Gibraltar..the needle turns more than six degrees of a rhomb toward northwest.

Compounds

rhumb line n. now chiefly historical = sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > rhumb-line

rhumb1576

rhumb line1669

loxodromica1679

loxodromy1706

loxodromic spiral1839

rhumb track1851

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. v. 159 The Rhomb-line, if it were drawn, will be ordered to pass through F the Cross.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Rhomb-line, a line prolonged from any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except the four cardinal points.

1834 Navigation (Libr. Useful Knowl.) ii. iv. 25 Required the direct course, and distance on a rhumb line, from London to Naples.

1873 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 4 255 Pedro Nunez..first proved in 1537 that oblique rhumb lines are spirals.

1939 S. E. Morison Second Voy. C. Columbus 32 (note) The distance run was 820 leagues (roughly 2,624 miles), which was very close to the rhumb-line distance of 2,610 miles.

1998 Seahorse Internat. Sailing Apr. 37/3 On the first two legs it was unbelievable that they were the boat closest to the rhumb line consistently.

rhumb sailing n. now rare sailing on a rhumb-line.

ΚΠ

1851 A. G. Findlay Directory Navigation Pacific Ocean ii. 1281 The disadvantage it [sc. great circle sailing] has over rhumb sailing is fivefold in the Atlantic, and twelve times as great in the Pacific.

1891 H. Patterson Illustr. Naut. Dict. at Sailings Under this head are classed rhumb, great circle, plane and spherical sailings.

1912 D. H. Hayne Man. Rule of Road at Sea (ed. 2) 90 The deep sea navigator has two tracks from which to choose: Rhumb sailing or Great Circle sailing.

rhumb track n. now rare. = sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > rhumb-line

rhumb1576

rhumb line1669

loxodromica1679

loxodromy1706

loxodromic spiral1839

rhumb track1851

1851 A. G. Findlay Directory Navigation Pacific Ocean ii. 1313 They carry the ship far away to the southward from the rhumb track.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 110/1 The rhumb track, the great circle, and the polar track.

1922 L. E. Dickson Plane Trigonom. (1970) vi. 68 P represents the north pole, AB the ship's rhumb track.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rhumb
释义	rhumbn. Brit. /rʌm/, U.S. /rəm/ Forms: 1500s rumby (plural), 1500s–1600s romb, 1500s–1600s rombe, 1500s–1800s rumb, 1600s rhombe, 1600s rhumbe, 1600s roomb, 1600s roombe, 1600s roome, 1600s–1700s rum, 1600s– rhomb, 1600s– rhumb. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Spanish rumbo; Portuguese rumo. Etymology: < Spanish rumbo (1494), originally a variant (probably by association with rumo space in a ship) of rombo (although that is first attested slightly later: see rhomb n.) < classical Latin rhombus rhombus n.; in English use perhaps also partly via Portuguese rumo (end of the 15th cent.; < Spanish). Compare also Middle French rumb, French rhumb (1554 in a translation of a Spanish work).In quot. 1576 at sense 1a rumby is apparently intended as a plural of either Spanish rumbo or Portuguese rumbo, although the plural form in each language is in fact rumbos; it perhaps reflects association with classical Latin rhombus (plural rhombī). N.E.D. (1908) also gives the pronunciation (rɒmb) /rʌmb/. Nautical. 1. a. The line or course followed by a ship or other vessel sailing in a fixed direction. Also: an imaginary line on the earth's surface intersecting all meridians at the same angle and used as the standard method of plotting a ship's course on a chart (cf. rhumb line n., rhumb track n. at Compounds). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > rhumb-line rhumb1576 rhumb line1669 loxodromica1679 loxodromy1706 loxodromic spiral1839 rhumb track1851 1576 T. Digges Perfit Descr. Cælestiall Orbes in L. Digges Prognostication (rev. ed.) sig. P Theese vulgare marine Chartes delineate wyth Parallele meridianes and rightlined Rumby. 1599 E. Wright tr. S. Stevin Hauen-finding Art 5 When they..which in sayling folow the lines shewing the courses (which lines because now they haue found the name among the Portugales we cal Rumbs). 1601 T. Oliver New Handling of Planisphere 96 The Longitudes and Latitudes of any two places being giuen, to finde their direction commonlie called the Rumbe. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 36 For to learne to..know the tydes, your roomes, pricke your card, say your Compasse. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures l. 195 We had now held this course five dayes, running with much labour by many different roombs. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Rumb, or Course of a Ship, is the Angle which she makes in her Sailing with the Meridian of the Place where she is. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 49 Observe..what rhumb of the nearest fly runs mostly parallel to the edge of the quadrant, and that rhumb shews nearly the bearing required. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 484/1 A rumb is one of the thirty-two principal compass directions, and to sail on any rumb is to sail continually on one course. 1872 C. Davies & W. G. Peck Math. Dict. & Cycl. Math. Sci. 380/2 If the two places lie on the same meridian, the rhumb is that meridian, and the course is either north or south. 1903 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 436 The laying of the rhumbs on Columbus's chart. 1955 Imago Mundi 12 89 The rhumbs were marked according to the magnetic needle, and with these two elements—the rhumb and the distance—the track was drawn. 1994 Nature 6 Jan. 13/3 Mercator introduced his projection in 1569. It made possible the easy determination of the rhumb, or constant compass bearing, on which a navigator had to sail to reach a distant destination without changing course. †b. figurative. A course of action. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > (a) course of conduct or action wayeOE pathOE waya1225 tracea1300 line13.. dancea1352 tenor1398 featc1420 faction1447 rink?a1500 footpath1535 trade1536 vein1549 tract1575 course1582 road1600 country dance1613 track1638 steeragea1641 rhumb1666 tack1675 conduct1706 walk1755 wheel-way1829 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus Pref. 2 The rombs I steer'd by in my endeavors to arrive to a point. 1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 44 If thou ever knew that any of the..sacred writers followed the diabolical rhumb which thou followest to correct bad preachers? 2. a. Any of the (sixteen or thirty-two) principal points of the compass. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > card of > point(s) of compass > principal points > one of quartera1450 rhumb1594 quadrature1601 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. xix. f. 153 What time..the Sunne or saide starre, commeth to the true East or any other rombe. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 177 Att certaine times of the yeare windes do blow more violently..from some determinate part or Rombe of the world. 1664 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 9 An anniversary wind that from one Romb, constantly blows one way six Months. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 3 The Compass contains..16 distinct Rhombs or Courses. 1730 J. Harris Treat. Navigation ii. 105 You need not draw any more Rhumbs in the Compass than you have Courses to lay down. 1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 368/2 Because there are 32 rumbs (or points of the compass) equally distant from one another, therefore the angle contained between any two of them adjacent will be 11° 15′. 1795 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. II. 373/1 Rhumbs..coincide with points of the world, or of the horizon. 1850 W. S. Harris Rudim. Magn. v. 131 These [lines], as practically applied to the compass card, are called points of the compass, or in nautical language, rhumbs. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1935/2 The circle of 360° is divided into 32 points or rhumbs. 1910 Encycl. Brit. VI. 809/1 The naming of the intermediate subdivisions making up the thirty-two points or rhumbs of the compass card is probably due to Flemish navigators. b. The angle between two successive points of the thirty-two point compass (11 degrees 15 minutes). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > card of > point(s) of compass > angular distance between points rhumb1625 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. iii. 66 At Guinea the magneticall needle inclines to the East, a third part of one Rumbe of the Compasse. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 64 At London it [sc. the needle] varieth eleven degrees, that is almost one Rhomb . View more context for this quotation 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Rumb, in Navigation, is one Point of the Compass, or 11¼ Degrees. 1859 A. B. Taylor Rep. Weights & Meas. (Amer. Pharmaceutical Assoc.) 64 The cardinal points dividing the circle into quarters,—each quarter is divided into halves or octants,—each octant into halves and quarters, called ‘rhumbs’ or ‘points’..the rhumb or point being 11° 15'. 1995 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Island of Day Before 215 From the Canaries you move towards Gibraltar..the needle turns more than six degrees of a rhomb toward northwest. Compounds rhumb line n. now chiefly historical = sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > rhumb-line rhumb1576 rhumb line1669 loxodromica1679 loxodromy1706 loxodromic spiral1839 rhumb track1851 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. v. 159 The Rhomb-line, if it were drawn, will be ordered to pass through F the Cross. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Rhomb-line, a line prolonged from any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except the four cardinal points. 1834 Navigation (Libr. Useful Knowl.) ii. iv. 25 Required the direct course, and distance on a rhumb line, from London to Naples. 1873 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 4 255 Pedro Nunez..first proved in 1537 that oblique rhumb lines are spirals. 1939 S. E. Morison Second Voy. C. Columbus 32 (note) The distance run was 820 leagues (roughly 2,624 miles), which was very close to the rhumb-line distance of 2,610 miles. 1998 Seahorse Internat. Sailing Apr. 37/3 On the first two legs it was unbelievable that they were the boat closest to the rhumb line consistently. rhumb sailing n. now rare sailing on a rhumb-line. ΚΠ 1851 A. G. Findlay Directory Navigation Pacific Ocean ii. 1281 The disadvantage it [sc. great circle sailing] has over rhumb sailing is fivefold in the Atlantic, and twelve times as great in the Pacific. 1891 H. Patterson Illustr. Naut. Dict. at Sailings Under this head are classed rhumb, great circle, plane and spherical sailings. 1912 D. H. Hayne Man. Rule of Road at Sea (ed. 2) 90 The deep sea navigator has two tracks from which to choose: Rhumb sailing or Great Circle sailing. rhumb track n. now rare. = sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course > rhumb-line rhumb1576 rhumb line1669 loxodromica1679 loxodromy1706 loxodromic spiral1839 rhumb track1851 1851 A. G. Findlay Directory Navigation Pacific Ocean ii. 1313 They carry the ship far away to the southward from the rhumb track. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 110/1 The rhumb track, the great circle, and the polar track. 1922 L. E. Dickson Plane Trigonom. (1970) vi. 68 P represents the north pole, AB the ship's rhumb track. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1576
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