redwatern.

Brit.

/ˈrɛdˌwɔːtə/, U.S.

/ˈrɛdˌwɔdər/,

/ˈrɛdˌwɑdər/, West African English

/ˈrɛdˌwɔta/

Forms: see red adj. and n. and water n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: red adj., water n.

Etymology: < red adj. + water n. (with sense 1 compare water n. 17).The collocation red water is found earlier in medical uses in late Middle English, as denoting a type of preparation used in treating wounds, and also denoting reddish fluid exuding from a wound or swelling:c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 100^v Þu schalt take my reed watir which þu schalt fynde in þe antedotarie, and waische wel al þe wounde þerynne, and þanne leye þi pailettis of lyuer to þilke sore wett in þe same water.c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 78 The fleisch þat is brusid in þe wounde..schal wexen wan and blak and caste..a maner reed watir.

a. Bovine babesiosis, a tick-borne disease of cattle of which haemoglobinuria (giving a red colour to the urine) is a prominent sign. More widely: haemoglobinuria or haematuria in cattle; any of various diseases or disorders causing this, esp. leptospirosis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or sheep > other disorders

shotc1500

foul?1523

redwater1594

blacklega1722

garget1725

dunt1784

black water1800

cothe1800

fardel-bound1825

navel ill1834

bluetongue1867

heartwater1880

orf1890

tick-borne fever1921

strike1932

1594 O. B. Questions Profitable Concernings 12b Their cattell should rot and die of the murrion or read-water.

1774 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 29 Aug. (1778) Yesterday one of the Lancashire cows died of the red-water.

1834 W. Youatt Cattle 161 It is said that the young Galloway cattle are more exposed than others to Redwater.

1879 R. J. Atcherley Trip to Boërland 257 Some of the oxen showed symptoms of red water.

1896 W. H. Willshire Land of Dawning 86 You shall be a Stock Inspector to investigate the red-water disease amongst cattle.

1965 S. T. Ollivier Petticoat Farm ii. 22 Two of his herd died of red-water, and two more of bloat.

1997 Jrnl. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 68 40 The majority of livestock owners diagnose gallsickness and redwater on the basis of presenting signs and post mortem findings.

b. Any of several diseases or disorders of sheep; esp. (a) haemoglobinuria or haematuria from various causes; (b) a disease, probably braxy, in which profuse serosanguineous ascites is a prominent sign (now rare); †(c) a kind of vesicular dermatitis (not identified) (obsolete).Babesiosis, the chief cause of redwater in cattle, is very rare in sheep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > skin disorders

shabc897

pelt-rot?1523

dartars1580

redwater1614

rubbers1779

sheep-scab1894

scabby mouth1938

cuckoo scab1941

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep

pocka1325

soughta1400

pox1530

mad1573

winter rot1577

snuffa1585

leaf1587

leaf-sickness1614

redwater1614

mentigo1706

tag1736

white water1743

hog pox1749

rickets1755

side-ill1776

resp1789

sheep-fag1789

thorter-ill1791

vanquish1792

smallpox1793

shell-sicknessc1794

sickness1794

grass-ill1795

rub1800

pine1804

pining1804

sheep-pock1804

stinking ill1807

water sickness1807

core1818

wryneck1819

tag-belt1826

tag-sore1828

kibe1830

agalaxia1894

agalactia1897

lupinosis1899

trembling1902

struck1903

black disease1906

scrapie1910

renguerra1917

pulpy kidney1927

dopiness1932

blowfly strike1933

body strike1934

sleepy sickness1937

swayback1938

twin lamb disease1945

tick pyaemia1946

fly-strike1950

maedi1952

nematodiriasis1957

visna1957

maedi-visna1972

visna-maedi1972

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. vi. 71 The red water is a poysonous disease in sheepe, offending the heart.

1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd v. 170 Besides these several Rots, Sheep are incident to..Lung-sick, Maggots, Redwater, Fever, Scab or Itch.

1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) Red-water... This is also a Distemper in Sheep which is Cured by letting them blood in the foot.

1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep ii. iii. 167 The Red-water is an internal Disease that is hardly to be accounted for.

1807 Trans. Highl. Soc. 3 428 Redwater..consists in an inflammation of the skin, that raises it into blisters, which contain a thin, reddish, and watery fluid.

1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 847/1 Redwater. This term does not denote the same disease as in cattle, in which it signifies a discharge of dark-coloured urine. In sheep it consists of an effusion of red serum, or water, in the abdomen outside the bowels.

1887 Parkes' Man. Hygiene (ed. 7) ix. 258 The sheep, of course, may suffer from acute lung infection, scouring, red water (hæmaturia), and many other diseases.

1890 J. H. Steel Dis. Sheep vii. 180 Probably conditions of highly nitrogenous urine giving rise to colour apparently red, are the majority of cases described as ‘red water’.

1970 Black's Vet. Dict. (ed. 9) 127/2 Braxy... Synonyms: bradshot, bradsot, red-water of sheep, white-water, sheep-sickness, etc.

1983 W. B. Martin Dis. Sheep xlvii. 231 Brassica poisoning (kale anaemia, redwater).

2004 Anaerobe 10 243/1 ‘Bacillary hemoglobinuria’ or ‘redwater’..is primarily a disease of cattle, though it has also been reported in sheep.

c. Any of several diseases causing haematuria or haemoglobinuria in humans; esp. (chiefly South African) schistosomiasis. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > infestation by parasites

wormc1000

vermes1728

invermination1808

helminthiasis1811

vermination1818

rishta1834

trichinosis1866

trichiniasis1867

filariasis1879

strongylosis1883

ankylostomiasis1887

tunnel-disease1887

ascariasis1888

taeniasis1896

hook-worm disease1902

Strongyloides1902

uncinariasis1902

tunnel-sickness1903

amœbiasis1905

redwater1906

schistosomiasis1906

paragonimiasis1907

strongyloidiasis1907

strongyloidosis1907

trichinelliasis1907

loaiasis1913

onchocercosis1918

trichuriasis1921

loa loa1923

hydatidosis1925

sparganosis1928

trichinellosis1958

1906 Educ. Gaz. 6 220 It appears that a very large proportion of the boys suffer from redwater as a result of bathing in the Buffalo River [in South Africa].

1957 Pietersburg (S. Afr.) Eng. Medium School Mag. Dec. 52 Bilharzia first originated in Egypt about 4,000 years ago, although people only started thinking about a cure in 1850, when nearly every child had the disease then known as ‘Red Water’.

1971 N.Z. Nursing Jrnl. 64 8 (title) Leptospirosis (red-water fever).

2003 Lancet 19 July 184/2 The obvious example of this focus is ‘red water’ disease—more still water means more snails, and, in many parts of the world, more Schistosoma haematobium.

2. A spring of iron-rich water. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > spring > [noun] > other types

acidulae1670

redwater1712

blow-well1799

sand boil1937

1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. 273 I now proceed to the Acidulæ, or the Medicinal Springs... A Spring of this Kind is here commonly known by the Name of the Red-Well, or the Red-Water, the Iron Water.

1850 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 74 131 This spring is known in the country [sc. France] under the name of Red Water.

1906 Med. Press & Circular 21 Nov. 562/2 A vast number of ancient earthenware pipes brought water to the baths and fountains, probably from the spring of Hippocrates, and from the celebrated red water or iron spring.

3. A red juice derived from the bark of the tropical African tree Erythrophleum suaveolens, used, chiefly in West Africa, as an ordeal poison. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1732 Coll. Voy. & Trav. VI. 192/2 Their way of discovering any person suspected of thievery, or other villainy..is by making the person charg'd with the crime, for his justification, to drink a small quantity of the juice of a certain tree, which is reddish, and by them call'd red-water.

1753 N. Owen Jrnl. Slave-dealer (1930) 30 If they are found out they are obliged to drink a large quantity of poyson, comonly caled red watter, which soon puts an end to thier days.

1878 H. C. Lea Superstit. & Force (ed. 3) 222 Throughout a wide region of Western Africa, one of the most popular forms of ordeal is that of the red water, or ‘sassy-bark’.

1923 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 29 853 In a wide region of West Africa the ordeal of the red water or ‘sassy-bark’ is used.

1993 Jrnl. Relig. in Afr. 23 ii. 145 The ‘red-water’ ordeal involved the accused eating some rice or kola and then having to drink large quantities of water in which bark from the sasswood tree had been infused. If this caused him to vomit up the rice or kola, he was declared innocent.

4. Water made red (and often toxic) by pigmented plankton, esp. dinoflagellates. Cf. red tide n. at red adj. and n. Compounds 1f(c)(i).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > discoloration by organisms

redwater1839

breaking (of the meres)1884

water blossom1884

water-bloom1887

algal bloom1938

bloom1939

red tide1942

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. 18 The line where the red and blue water joined was distinctly defined.

1856 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 4 264 Alphonse Albuquerque..saw, from the stern of his vessel, issuing from the strait, and expanding outside, a stream of red water, which flowed towards Aden.

1902 Amer. Naturalist 36 189 The ‘red water’ occurred for two hundred miles..along the coast, from the region of Santa Barbara to San Diego.

1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans xiv. 425 Not all red water is caused by dinoflagellates. The Red Sea received its name because of dense blooms of a nontoxic blue-green alga with large amounts of red pigment.

Compounds

redwater tree n. the tropical African tree Erythrophleum suaveolens (family Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae) (cf. sense 3); also called sassy tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants yielding poison > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding poison > sassy-tree

gris-gris1734

redwater tree1818

sassy tree1851

1818 Monthly Rev. 86 300 Secondly, Cæsalpineæ, of which nineteen species are in the herbarium: one is the poisonous Red Water-tree, Erythrophleum.

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 338 Mancone of the Portuguese, Bourane, Red-water Tree, Ordeal Bark, &c.

1998 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 63 20/1 The judicial use of the red water tree was not always free from manipulation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	redwater
释义	redwatern. Brit. /ˈrɛdˌwɔːtə/, U.S. /ˈrɛdˌwɔdər/, /ˈrɛdˌwɑdər/, West African English /ˈrɛdˌwɔta/ Forms: see red adj. and n. and water n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: red adj., water n. Etymology: < red adj. + water n. (with sense 1 compare water n. 17).The collocation red water is found earlier in medical uses in late Middle English, as denoting a type of preparation used in treating wounds, and also denoting reddish fluid exuding from a wound or swelling:c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 100^v Þu schalt take my reed watir which þu schalt fynde in þe antedotarie, and waische wel al þe wounde þerynne, and þanne leye þi pailettis of lyuer to þilke sore wett in þe same water.c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 78 The fleisch þat is brusid in þe wounde..schal wexen wan and blak and caste..a maner reed watir. 1. a. Bovine babesiosis, a tick-borne disease of cattle of which haemoglobinuria (giving a red colour to the urine) is a prominent sign. More widely: haemoglobinuria or haematuria in cattle; any of various diseases or disorders causing this, esp. leptospirosis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or sheep > other disorders shotc1500 foul?1523 redwater1594 blacklega1722 garget1725 dunt1784 black water1800 cothe1800 fardel-bound1825 navel ill1834 bluetongue1867 heartwater1880 orf1890 tick-borne fever1921 strike1932 1594 O. B. Questions Profitable Concernings 12b Their cattell should rot and die of the murrion or read-water. 1774 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 29 Aug. (1778) Yesterday one of the Lancashire cows died of the red-water. 1834 W. Youatt Cattle 161 It is said that the young Galloway cattle are more exposed than others to Redwater. 1879 R. J. Atcherley Trip to Boërland 257 Some of the oxen showed symptoms of red water. 1896 W. H. Willshire Land of Dawning 86 You shall be a Stock Inspector to investigate the red-water disease amongst cattle. 1965 S. T. Ollivier Petticoat Farm ii. 22 Two of his herd died of red-water, and two more of bloat. 1997 Jrnl. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 68 40 The majority of livestock owners diagnose gallsickness and redwater on the basis of presenting signs and post mortem findings. b. Any of several diseases or disorders of sheep; esp. (a) haemoglobinuria or haematuria from various causes; (b) a disease, probably braxy, in which profuse serosanguineous ascites is a prominent sign (now rare); †(c) a kind of vesicular dermatitis (not identified) (obsolete).Babesiosis, the chief cause of redwater in cattle, is very rare in sheep. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > skin disorders shabc897 pelt-rot?1523 dartars1580 redwater1614 rubbers1779 sheep-scab1894 scabby mouth1938 cuckoo scab1941 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep pocka1325 soughta1400 pox1530 mad1573 winter rot1577 snuffa1585 leaf1587 leaf-sickness1614 redwater1614 mentigo1706 tag1736 white water1743 hog pox1749 rickets1755 side-ill1776 resp1789 sheep-fag1789 thorter-ill1791 vanquish1792 smallpox1793 shell-sicknessc1794 sickness1794 grass-ill1795 rub1800 pine1804 pining1804 sheep-pock1804 stinking ill1807 water sickness1807 core1818 wryneck1819 tag-belt1826 tag-sore1828 kibe1830 agalaxia1894 agalactia1897 lupinosis1899 trembling1902 struck1903 black disease1906 scrapie1910 renguerra1917 pulpy kidney1927 dopiness1932 blowfly strike1933 body strike1934 sleepy sickness1937 swayback1938 twin lamb disease1945 tick pyaemia1946 fly-strike1950 maedi1952 nematodiriasis1957 visna1957 maedi-visna1972 visna-maedi1972 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. vi. 71 The red water is a poysonous disease in sheepe, offending the heart. 1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd v. 170 Besides these several Rots, Sheep are incident to..Lung-sick, Maggots, Redwater, Fever, Scab or Itch. 1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) Red-water... This is also a Distemper in Sheep which is Cured by letting them blood in the foot. 1749 W. Ellis Compl. Syst. Improvem. Sheep ii. iii. 167 The Red-water is an internal Disease that is hardly to be accounted for. 1807 Trans. Highl. Soc. 3 428 Redwater..consists in an inflammation of the skin, that raises it into blisters, which contain a thin, reddish, and watery fluid. 1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 847/1 Redwater. This term does not denote the same disease as in cattle, in which it signifies a discharge of dark-coloured urine. In sheep it consists of an effusion of red serum, or water, in the abdomen outside the bowels. 1887 Parkes' Man. Hygiene (ed. 7) ix. 258 The sheep, of course, may suffer from acute lung infection, scouring, red water (hæmaturia), and many other diseases. 1890 J. H. Steel Dis. Sheep vii. 180 Probably conditions of highly nitrogenous urine giving rise to colour apparently red, are the majority of cases described as ‘red water’. 1970 Black's Vet. Dict. (ed. 9) 127/2 Braxy... Synonyms: bradshot, bradsot, red-water of sheep, white-water, sheep-sickness, etc. 1983 W. B. Martin Dis. Sheep xlvii. 231 Brassica poisoning (kale anaemia, redwater). 2004 Anaerobe 10 243/1 ‘Bacillary hemoglobinuria’ or ‘redwater’..is primarily a disease of cattle, though it has also been reported in sheep. c. Any of several diseases causing haematuria or haemoglobinuria in humans; esp. (chiefly South African) schistosomiasis. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > infestation by parasites wormc1000 vermes1728 invermination1808 helminthiasis1811 vermination1818 rishta1834 trichinosis1866 trichiniasis1867 filariasis1879 strongylosis1883 ankylostomiasis1887 tunnel-disease1887 ascariasis1888 taeniasis1896 hook-worm disease1902 Strongyloides1902 uncinariasis1902 tunnel-sickness1903 amœbiasis1905 redwater1906 schistosomiasis1906 paragonimiasis1907 strongyloidiasis1907 strongyloidosis1907 trichinelliasis1907 loaiasis1913 onchocercosis1918 trichuriasis1921 loa loa1923 hydatidosis1925 sparganosis1928 trichinellosis1958 1906 Educ. Gaz. 6 220 It appears that a very large proportion of the boys suffer from redwater as a result of bathing in the Buffalo River [in South Africa]. 1957 Pietersburg (S. Afr.) Eng. Medium School Mag. Dec. 52 Bilharzia first originated in Egypt about 4,000 years ago, although people only started thinking about a cure in 1850, when nearly every child had the disease then known as ‘Red Water’. 1971 N.Z. Nursing Jrnl. 64 8 (title) Leptospirosis (red-water fever). 2003 Lancet 19 July 184/2 The obvious example of this focus is ‘red water’ disease—more still water means more snails, and, in many parts of the world, more Schistosoma haematobium. 2. A spring of iron-rich water. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > spring > [noun] > other types acidulae1670 redwater1712 blow-well1799 sand boil1937 1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. 273 I now proceed to the Acidulæ, or the Medicinal Springs... A Spring of this Kind is here commonly known by the Name of the Red-Well, or the Red-Water, the Iron Water. 1850 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 74 131 This spring is known in the country [sc. France] under the name of Red Water. 1906 Med. Press & Circular 21 Nov. 562/2 A vast number of ancient earthenware pipes brought water to the baths and fountains, probably from the spring of Hippocrates, and from the celebrated red water or iron spring. 3. A red juice derived from the bark of the tropical African tree Erythrophleum suaveolens, used, chiefly in West Africa, as an ordeal poison. Now historical. ΚΠ 1732 Coll. Voy. & Trav. VI. 192/2 Their way of discovering any person suspected of thievery, or other villainy..is by making the person charg'd with the crime, for his justification, to drink a small quantity of the juice of a certain tree, which is reddish, and by them call'd red-water. 1753 N. Owen Jrnl. Slave-dealer (1930) 30 If they are found out they are obliged to drink a large quantity of poyson, comonly caled red watter, which soon puts an end to thier days. 1878 H. C. Lea Superstit. & Force (ed. 3) 222 Throughout a wide region of Western Africa, one of the most popular forms of ordeal is that of the red water, or ‘sassy-bark’. 1923 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 29 853 In a wide region of West Africa the ordeal of the red water or ‘sassy-bark’ is used. 1993 Jrnl. Relig. in Afr. 23 ii. 145 The ‘red-water’ ordeal involved the accused eating some rice or kola and then having to drink large quantities of water in which bark from the sasswood tree had been infused. If this caused him to vomit up the rice or kola, he was declared innocent. 4. Water made red (and often toxic) by pigmented plankton, esp. dinoflagellates. Cf. red tide n. at red adj. and n. Compounds 1f(c)(i). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > discoloration by organisms redwater1839 breaking (of the meres)1884 water blossom1884 water-bloom1887 algal bloom1938 bloom1939 red tide1942 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. 18 The line where the red and blue water joined was distinctly defined. 1856 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 4 264 Alphonse Albuquerque..saw, from the stern of his vessel, issuing from the strait, and expanding outside, a stream of red water, which flowed towards Aden. 1902 Amer. Naturalist 36 189 The ‘red water’ occurred for two hundred miles..along the coast, from the region of Santa Barbara to San Diego. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans xiv. 425 Not all red water is caused by dinoflagellates. The Red Sea received its name because of dense blooms of a nontoxic blue-green alga with large amounts of red pigment. Compounds redwater tree n. the tropical African tree Erythrophleum suaveolens (family Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae) (cf. sense 3); also called sassy tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants yielding poison > [noun] > trees or shrubs yielding poison > sassy-tree gris-gris1734 redwater tree1818 sassy tree1851 1818 Monthly Rev. 86 300 Secondly, Cæsalpineæ, of which nineteen species are in the herbarium: one is the poisonous Red Water-tree, Erythrophleum. 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 338 Mancone of the Portuguese, Bourane, Red-water Tree, Ordeal Bark, &c. 1998 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 63 20/1 The judicial use of the red water tree was not always free from manipulation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1594
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