refectionn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈfɛkʃn/, U.S.

/rəˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/,

/riˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English refeccioun, late Middle English refeccione, late Middle English refeccyone, late Middle English refeccyoun, late Middle English reffeccioun, late Middle English reffeccyoun, late Middle English–1500s refeccion, late Middle English–1500s refeccyon, late Middle English–1500s refectyon, late Middle English–1500s refectyoun, late Middle English–1500s reffeccion, late Middle English– refection, 1500s refectione, 1500s refectioun; Scottish pre-1700 refeccion, pre-1700 refeccioun, pre-1700 refeccioune, pre-1700 refectione, pre-1700 refectioun, pre-1700 refectioune, pre-1700 refexone, pre-1700 1700s– refection; N.E.D. (1905) also records a form late Middle English reffecioun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French refection; Latin refectiōn-, refectiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman refeccioun, refectiun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French refection, refeccion, Middle French reffection, reffeccion, reffecion (French réfection) spiritual comfort (12th cent. in Old French), action of refreshing oneself or another with food or drink (12th cent.), action of repairing, rebuilding, repair, restoration (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), refreshment, meal, food (14th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin refectiōn-, refectiō act of repairing, restoration, act of remaking, process of recouping one's strength, refreshment, means of refreshing, process of recovery from illness, convalescence, in post-classical Latin also spiritual refreshment (4th cent.), meal (5th cent.), right of entertainment (12th cent.) < refect- , past participial stem of reficere refect v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan refectio (13th cent.), Catalan refecció (1272), Spanish refección (15th cent.; 13th cent. as refectión), Italian refezione (1306).In later use in sense 4 after French réfection.

a. The action of refreshing oneself or another, or the fact of being refreshed; refreshment with food or drink after hunger or fatigue; sustenance, nourishment. Also: an instance of this; an act of refreshing or nourishing someone. Now archaic and literary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > refreshment

recreationa1393

refectiona1398

refreshmenta1470

refetea1500

eleven o'clock1805

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 128^v Ester day is..Time..of ioyful refeccioun & fedinge.

c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 370 (MED) Brede and wyne, þe whiche seruen communly to mannes refeccyone.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxxiiii. 177 She..toke only for her refection brede and water.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 20 (MED) For gret swetnes of contemplacion som tyme was foryeten þe necessite of bodely refeccion.

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 109 Melchizedech..for refection as well of him, as of his warriours, brought forth breade and wine.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 121 From these veines come those sodaine refections of the spirits by sweete and strong Wine, Broths, and Cordials.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 196 After a draught of wine a man may seeme lighter in himselfe from sudden refection, although he be heavier in the balance.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiv. 754 Now the peaceful Hours of sacred Night Demand Refection, and to Rest invite.

1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 95 Sorrow it were..if we were now either to advance or retard the hour of refection.

1872 R. F. Burton Zanzibar I. 150 The cocoa-nut, manioc, and broiled fish, offered by squatting negresses for their refection.

1920 E. A. Robinson Lancelot 100 The Bishop..Was glad for rest though grim in his refusal..of..refection.

2004 Times 10 Jan. (Mag.) 107 If he were a stranger in town and desirous of comesting the very best that the local area had to offer by way of refection.

b. Entertainment with food and drink; the right of demanding, or duty of supplying, such entertainment; an act or instance of this. Also: a charge levied in its stead. Now historical.Cf. coynye n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > entertainment with food

liverancec1390

cheeringc1443

boarding1530

banqueting1535

potluck1592

refection1601

collationing1652

regality1672

suppering1675

blithemeat1681

treat1690

regalement1708

regale1753

bed and board1756

bed and breakfast1910

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > entertainment

sorren1289

cuddy1450

refection1601

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 240 They deserued a better reward than one daies refection and victuals.

1689 R. Cox Hibernia Anglicana: Pt. 1 Explan. Index Refection, is a priviledge the Lord has of claiming Entertainment for one Meal, and no more.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Refection is also used in antient Authors for a Duty or Service incumbent on any Person to provide Meals, for Ecclesiasticks, or even Princes.

1745 W. Harris tr. J. Ware Wks. conc. Ireland II. xxxv. 233 Lands..which were liable to certain Pensions and refections, payable yearly to the Bishop.

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. vi. 161 This ‘right of refection’ and liability to it are among the most distinctive features of ancient Irish custom.

2007 J. R. Maddicott in Anglo-Saxon Eng. 34 51 In synodal proceedings of 803 it was noted that the refection (pastum) due to the bishop of Worcester at Beckford and Cheltenham in Gloucestershire had been replaced by a money payment.

a. A meal, esp. a communal one taken in a religious house or the like; the occasion or time of such a meal. Now chiefly archaic and historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun]

mealeOE

meatshiplOE

meal of meatc1330

meal's meatc1330

refectiona1425

eating1483

mealtide1485

repasc1485

sustenancea1500

breakfast1526

repast1530

recreation1538

cooking1804

eat1844

scoff1846

grub1857

khana1859

meetsuk1896

nosh1964

trough1981

a1425 St. Anthony 15 in Anglia (1881) 4 119 Wyt þat refeccione thre days content, þe ferth day he eete efte-sons.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 43 Herynge that Cristen men usede diversites of meytes at oon refeccion [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. at oon mele; L. in prandio].

a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 102 (MED) After here refeccioun þey schalle smyht iiii strokes on þe belle.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iii^v Eatynge of moche butter at one refection is not commendable.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 94 After this refection we went the rest of our iourney through pleasant fields.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 122 At a publick refection of those Ministers together..the next time of their meeting was appointed.

1756 A. Butler Lives Saints I. 162 After the refection it was allowed to converse with one another, but only on heavenly things.

1767 A. Campbell Lexiphanes 8 After our post-meridional refection.

1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 120 I am touched to the quick, that I should yesterday, during the refection, have seemed to infringe on the respect due to such a person as yourself.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. x. 435 One of the brethren, at every refection, was to read aloud a chapter of the Old or New Testament.

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent xi. 360 In the course of that refection it occurred to Mr Verloc that he was not hearing his wife move about the bedroom as he should have done.

2000 Art Bull. (Nexis) 1 June 200 The monks..enjoyed a full refection of fish and honeyed spiced wine to mark the anniversary.

†b. That which sustains, refreshes, or nourishes; food or drink. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 12401 (MED) Agamenon thei wolde charge..To brynge hem som refeccioun, Corn & wyn & venysoun.

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 157 (MED) Takynge ofte sithes with good wille and likynge suche symple refeccioun and bodily fode as they hadden.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. C.ij^v What so is superfluous or ouermuche..shold be distributed to..the pore members of Christ Iesus, of whom an infynite number daylie do perish, thorowe wante of necessarie refection.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xiii. 108 [In] those who are tormented with the grievous pangs of Hunger; the Stomach begins to gnaw,..and the Veins, by greedily sucking some refection to themselves [etc.]

a1773 A. Butler Lives Saints (1780) V. 306 Fasting..so severely as to allow himself no other refection than bread and water.

c. A portion of food or drink; a light meal. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > portion of food

portiona1398

refection?a1439

soleinc1440

ciza1665

disper1840

the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks

nuncheonc1260

morsela1382

refection?a1439

mixtumc1490

bever1500

banquet1509

collation1525

snatch1570

beverage1577

a little something1577

anders-meat1598

four-hours1637

watering1637

refreshment1639

snap1642

luncheona1652

crib1652

prandicle1656

munchin1657

baita1661

unch1663

afternooning1678

whet1688

nacket1694

merenda1740

rinfresco1745

bagging?1746

snack1757

coffee1774

second breakfast1775

nummit1777

stay-stomach1800

damper1804

eleven o'clock1805

noonshine1808

by-bit1819

morning1819

four1823

four o'clock1825

lunch1829

stay-bit1833

picnic meal1839

elevens1849

Tommy1864

picnic tea1869

dinnerette1872

merienda1880

elevenses1887

light bite1887

soldier's supper1893

mug-up1902

tray1914

café complet1933

nosha1941

namkeen1942

snax1947

snackette1952

chaat1954

ploughman's lunch1957

munchie1959

playlunch1960

short-eat1962

lite bite1965

munchie1971

ploughman1975

aperitivo2002

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 1550 (MED) Withynne his hous to shewen his presence, For a repast and a refeccioun.

1482 Monk of Evesham 27 With a ful litil refeccion ther of he brake his faste.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxi. sig. fiij A man..shall in the mornynge..with a litle refection,..haue his inuencion quicker, his iugement perfecter, his tonge rediar.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth ix. sig. E.iii^v The last refeccyon or meale wyll let the dygestyon of the fyrste.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xix. 130 With these words, the Herald was led aside to take a short refection.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity xviii. 69 Birds..that ever smel out a comfortable refection from the fall of every such Carcass.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Refection, among Monks and Ecclesiasticks, a Repast spare Meal; meerly sufficing for the support of Life.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. liii. 207 Tho' our little refection was just brought in.

1856 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 295 A miserable refection of weak tea and tough toast.

1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) l The cheerful fire, the judicious refection on a side table.

1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xv Let me tell the women to set out in the hall a refection of what meats they have ready.

†d. A particular type of food or refreshment; a particular dish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > an article or kind of food

meateOE

meatkinOE

foodOE

repast?c1500

refection1502

viand1527

sustenance1528

victual1558

cate1634

gustable1642

comestible1799

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iii. sig. c.iiii ^v In tastynge this fyrst refeccion of salt.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 114 There maist delegat refectione vas..green frutis, rutis & eirbis.

1625 J. Ussher Answer to Jesuite 54 The sonnes which he begat..he nourisheth with a peculiar refection and food, and meat and drink.

3. figurative and in extended use. Now rare (archaic and poetic in later use).

a. Refreshment or relief due to something affecting the senses or body; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun]

heartingOE

coolingc1350

refreshinga1382

recreationa1393

easement?a1400

rehetinga1400

freshing1422

refrigery?a1425

refectionc1450

refreshmenta1470

refrigeration1502

corroborating1530

recreating1538

comfortation1543

repast1546

rousing?a1563

refocillation1570

refresh1592

inanimationa1631

recruita1643

irrigationa1660

quicking1661

invigoration1662

reinvigoration1663

recuperation1703

rally1826

recruiting1840

energizing1841

recreance1842

inspiriting1846

animation1855

recruitment1862

inspiritment1886

pepping up1916

c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 24 Whan the spirit hath take refeccioun in good odoures.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 20 There is no greater refection to the eies than the sight of this.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 40 At night I cast vp much choler, after the eiection whereof, I felt such a refection [etc.].

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 261 Since this worn frame refection knew, What scenes have I survey'd of dreadful view?

1921 M. B. Anderson tr. Dante Divina Commedia xxi. 391 Whoso could know how great was the refection Mine eyes found in her features.

b. Comfort or refreshment received through some spiritual or intellectual influence; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 37 (MED) Aaron..þis day mynisterd til oure Reffeccion.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xi. 40 To the artyke eres [printed eees] swete and dylycyous The golden rethoryke is good refeccyon.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 109 The comfort of Gods spirite shoulde coole it to his euerlasting refection.

c1590 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Coll. Oxf. 64(2)) (1884) lix. 8 (MED) Moab, that is, ill men, that tourments me, are potte, that is, refection of my hope.

1627 J. Reading Dauids Soliloquie 18 These being therefore tempered, by that harmonic which naturally giueth refection to the thoughts.

1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 7 The only Sight of God is the true food and refection of our minds.

1717 L. Howel Desiderius (ed. 3) 170 It is the true and solid Refection of the holy Mind.

1822 Port folio 14 242 The glory of God may be as certainly..consulted in a due indulgence in any proper recreation, useful for the refection of the mind, as in the gravest pursuits of business or charity.

1858 J. M. Neale tr. Rhythm of Bernard de Morlaix (1864) 30 O sacred, sweet refection.

1916 G. Saintsbury Peace of Augustans ix. 348 The refection derivable from this curious department of literature.

1995 C. Sullivan Dismembered Rhetoric iii. 45 The reader [of a book of meditations]..could expect..a refection of the soul.

4. Repair, restoration; support. Now rare.In later examples after modern French usage: see the etymology.Sense 4a in N.E.D (1905), ‘Resetting of a dislocation’, was based on a misreading or mistranscription of the long s as f; the 17th cent. text quoted actually reads resection (see resection n. 2).

ΚΠ

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 149 (MED) Soo appeerid no refeccion nor help sauf only a fewe estayinges of feble and little pillers, whiche for to passe ouyr tyme in haste, nat for to endure, were sett there.

?a1600 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Cambr.) l. 1444 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 271 The which shippes..syne þat refections sere Thame nedede [etc.].

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Refection,..a repairing or mending a thing that is worn and decayed.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xviii. 659 When Patients stand in need of refection of their strength.

1843 J. Bouvier Law Dict. U.S.A. (ed. 2) II. 420/2 Refection, civil law, reparation, re-establishment of a building.

1999 D. Beaupré et al. in R. K. Dhir & N. A. Henderson Specialist Techniques & Materials Concrete Constr. 154 This paper summarizes the shotcrete repair work done during the refection of the Webster parking..in fall 1996.

5. Zoology.

a. The thriving of a laboratory animal despite the apparent absence of B group vitamins from the diet. Now disused.It was (correctly) supposed that the vitamins were supplied by microorganisms in the gut, but suggestions that they were absorbed directly, and that the agent was infective, were abandoned when the mechanism was identified as coprophagy (cf. sense 5b).

ΚΠ

1926 L. S. Fredericia in Skandinavisches Archiv f. Physiologie 49 129 (heading) Refection, a transmissible change in the intestinal content, enabling rats to grow and thrive without B-vitamin in the food.

1931 Jrnl. Hygiene 31 548 If refection is caused by an endogenous bacterial agent..then wide variations in the behaviour of rats submitted to conditions likely to produce refection would naturally be expected.

1962 S. K. Kon in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 156 362 Their rats consumed the astonishing proportion of 50 to 65% of the faeces voided. Morgan..applied this technique to the study of refection and demonstrated that the phenomenon in the sense perceived by Fridericia and me does not exist.

b. The eating of freshly passed, partially digested faecal pellets, practised by rabbits, hares, and some other animals and performing the same function as rumination; reingestion, coprophagy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating specific substances or food > [noun] > eating excrement

reingestion1859

coprophagy1891

coprophagia1906

refection1939

shit-eating1968

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > [noun] > eating faecal pellets

reingestion1859

refection1939

1939 Nature 10 June 982/1 The pellets frequently constitute more than one third of the stomach contents [of the rabbit] and refection to such a degree seemed too improbable.

1952 L. H. Matthews Brit. Mammals vi. 136 In 1939 the habit of ‘refection’ was rediscovered in the rabbit.

1964 R. M. Lockley Private Life Rabbit x. 102 Many animals, including insects as well as hares and rabbits, have this habit of refection.

1973 Bk. Brit. Countryside (Automobile Assoc.) 367/2 Feeding is by refection, a similar method to chewing the cud. Food is eaten then excreted in semi-digested form as soft moist pellets. These are eaten again and passed through the intestines to be fully digested.

1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 352 98/2 Although [the amphipod] C[orophium] bonnellii would consume old faecal pellets,..the refection of freshly produced pellets was rarely observed.

Phrases

to take (one's, some, etc.) refection: to take (one's, some, etc.) refreshment or nourishment, to take food and drink. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (reflexive)] > refresh with food or drink

to take (one's, some, etc.) refectionc1440

refect1646

c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 63 The lif of the bodi may not be sustened with-oute that he take his refeccion bodily [v.r. bodely ffoode & sustenaunce].

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xlix. 71 After they had taken their refection & wel dronken.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 823 He was so diseased in his stomacke that skant he could take eyther refection or rest.

1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 8 They would rather haue perished with hunger and thirst then haue taken their refection at any mans hand but mine.

1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 276 When he was armed, she prayed him for to take his refection.

1756 A. Butler Lives Saints I. 98 Coming to take his refection, he often burst into tears, and was obliged to leave..the table without touching any nourishment.

1836 Dublin Univ. Mag. Aug. 187/2 While taking some refection in the public room of an inn, he enters into conversation with an inhabitant of the place.

1924 E. O. Hoppé In Gipsy Camp & Royal Palace xvi. 173 As I took my refection, served by a sloe-eyed girl smiling and kindly, I surveyed the oxcarts creeping slowly along the dusty road.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

refection-house n.

ΚΠ

1841 C. Darwin Coll. Papers 21 Aug. I. 142 Near the refection-house [at the Zoological Gardens] there is a fine bed of Stachys coccinea.

1851 Irish Q. Rev. 1 651 One evening he and his companions,..before they had been brought into the refection house, took an advantage of the keepers, and knocked off their fetters.

1931 M. T. Pender Spearmen of North xii. 91 I found a rope laid ready to my hand as we were marched under guard to the refection-house.

† refection taking n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxvii. 158 Yf they may knowe that theyre aduersaryes be not upon theyre warde or that they be at theyre refeccyon taking.

C2.

Refection Sunday n. [after post-classical Latin dominica refectionis (13th cent.); so called because the Gospel for the day is from John 6, in which Jesus feeds the five thousand] the fourth Sunday in Lent; = Refreshment Sunday n. at refreshment n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > mid-Lent > [noun] > Sunday in

Sunday of RefreshmentlOE

midlenten Sunday1389

mid-Lent Sundayc1425

Phagiphanyc1450

mid-fast Sunday1480

Mothering Sunday1783

Refreshment Sunday1825

Refection Sunday1852

Laetare1870

1852 Christian Remembrancer July 393 In the West it is also termed Refection Sunday, partly because the Gospel for the day relates the feeding of the five thousand, partly because it was observed as a little carnival between the two halves of Lent.

2000 E. Knowles Oxf. Dict. Phrase & Fable 909/1 Refreshment Sunday..so called because the Gospel for the day is from John 6, which tells the story of the feeding of the five thousand. Also called Refection Sunday.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	refection
释义	refectionn. Brit. /rᵻˈfɛkʃn/, U.S. /rəˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/, /riˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English refeccioun, late Middle English refeccione, late Middle English refeccyone, late Middle English refeccyoun, late Middle English reffeccioun, late Middle English reffeccyoun, late Middle English–1500s refeccion, late Middle English–1500s refeccyon, late Middle English–1500s refectyon, late Middle English–1500s refectyoun, late Middle English–1500s reffeccion, late Middle English– refection, 1500s refectione, 1500s refectioun; Scottish pre-1700 refeccion, pre-1700 refeccioun, pre-1700 refeccioune, pre-1700 refectione, pre-1700 refectioun, pre-1700 refectioune, pre-1700 refexone, pre-1700 1700s– refection; N.E.D. (1905) also records a form late Middle English reffecioun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French refection; Latin refectiōn-, refectiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman refeccioun, refectiun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French refection, refeccion, Middle French reffection, reffeccion, reffecion (French réfection) spiritual comfort (12th cent. in Old French), action of refreshing oneself or another with food or drink (12th cent.), action of repairing, rebuilding, repair, restoration (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), refreshment, meal, food (14th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin refectiōn-, refectiō act of repairing, restoration, act of remaking, process of recouping one's strength, refreshment, means of refreshing, process of recovery from illness, convalescence, in post-classical Latin also spiritual refreshment (4th cent.), meal (5th cent.), right of entertainment (12th cent.) < refect- , past participial stem of reficere refect v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan refectio (13th cent.), Catalan refecció (1272), Spanish refección (15th cent.; 13th cent. as refectión), Italian refezione (1306).In later use in sense 4 after French réfection. 1. a. The action of refreshing oneself or another, or the fact of being refreshed; refreshment with food or drink after hunger or fatigue; sustenance, nourishment. Also: an instance of this; an act of refreshing or nourishing someone. Now archaic and literary. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > refreshment recreationa1393 refectiona1398 refreshmenta1470 refetea1500 eleven o'clock1805 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 128^v Ester day is..Time..of ioyful refeccioun & fedinge. c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in Anglia (1888) 10 370 (MED) Brede and wyne, þe whiche seruen communly to mannes refeccyone. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxxiiii. 177 She..toke only for her refection brede and water. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 20 (MED) For gret swetnes of contemplacion som tyme was foryeten þe necessite of bodely refeccion. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 109 Melchizedech..for refection as well of him, as of his warriours, brought forth breade and wine. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 121 From these veines come those sodaine refections of the spirits by sweete and strong Wine, Broths, and Cordials. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 196 After a draught of wine a man may seeme lighter in himselfe from sudden refection, although he be heavier in the balance. View more context for this quotation 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiv. 754 Now the peaceful Hours of sacred Night Demand Refection, and to Rest invite. 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 95 Sorrow it were..if we were now either to advance or retard the hour of refection. 1872 R. F. Burton Zanzibar I. 150 The cocoa-nut, manioc, and broiled fish, offered by squatting negresses for their refection. 1920 E. A. Robinson Lancelot 100 The Bishop..Was glad for rest though grim in his refusal..of..refection. 2004 Times 10 Jan. (Mag.) 107 If he were a stranger in town and desirous of comesting the very best that the local area had to offer by way of refection. b. Entertainment with food and drink; the right of demanding, or duty of supplying, such entertainment; an act or instance of this. Also: a charge levied in its stead. Now historical.Cf. coynye n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > entertainment with food liverancec1390 cheeringc1443 boarding1530 banqueting1535 potluck1592 refection1601 collationing1652 regality1672 suppering1675 blithemeat1681 treat1690 regalement1708 regale1753 bed and board1756 bed and breakfast1910 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > entertainment sorren1289 cuddy1450 refection1601 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 240 They deserued a better reward than one daies refection and victuals. 1689 R. Cox Hibernia Anglicana: Pt. 1 Explan. Index Refection, is a priviledge the Lord has of claiming Entertainment for one Meal, and no more. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Refection is also used in antient Authors for a Duty or Service incumbent on any Person to provide Meals, for Ecclesiasticks, or even Princes. 1745 W. Harris tr. J. Ware Wks. conc. Ireland II. xxxv. 233 Lands..which were liable to certain Pensions and refections, payable yearly to the Bishop. 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. vi. 161 This ‘right of refection’ and liability to it are among the most distinctive features of ancient Irish custom. 2007 J. R. Maddicott in Anglo-Saxon Eng. 34 51 In synodal proceedings of 803 it was noted that the refection (pastum) due to the bishop of Worcester at Beckford and Cheltenham in Gloucestershire had been replaced by a money payment. 2. a. A meal, esp. a communal one taken in a religious house or the like; the occasion or time of such a meal. Now chiefly archaic and historical. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] mealeOE meatshiplOE meal of meatc1330 meal's meatc1330 refectiona1425 eating1483 mealtide1485 repasc1485 sustenancea1500 breakfast1526 repast1530 recreation1538 cooking1804 eat1844 scoff1846 grub1857 khana1859 meetsuk1896 nosh1964 trough1981 a1425 St. Anthony 15 in Anglia (1881) 4 119 Wyt þat refeccione thre days content, þe ferth day he eete efte-sons. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 43 Herynge that Cristen men usede diversites of meytes at oon refeccion [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. at oon mele; L. in prandio]. a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 102 (MED) After here refeccioun þey schalle smyht iiii strokes on þe belle. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iii^v Eatynge of moche butter at one refection is not commendable. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 94 After this refection we went the rest of our iourney through pleasant fields. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 122 At a publick refection of those Ministers together..the next time of their meeting was appointed. 1756 A. Butler Lives Saints I. 162 After the refection it was allowed to converse with one another, but only on heavenly things. 1767 A. Campbell Lexiphanes 8 After our post-meridional refection. 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. IV. 120 I am touched to the quick, that I should yesterday, during the refection, have seemed to infringe on the respect due to such a person as yourself. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. x. 435 One of the brethren, at every refection, was to read aloud a chapter of the Old or New Testament. 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent xi. 360 In the course of that refection it occurred to Mr Verloc that he was not hearing his wife move about the bedroom as he should have done. 2000 Art Bull. (Nexis) 1 June 200 The monks..enjoyed a full refection of fish and honeyed spiced wine to mark the anniversary. †b. That which sustains, refreshes, or nourishes; food or drink. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 12401 (MED) Agamenon thei wolde charge..To brynge hem som refeccioun, Corn & wyn & venysoun. c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 157 (MED) Takynge ofte sithes with good wille and likynge suche symple refeccioun and bodily fode as they hadden. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. C.ij^v What so is superfluous or ouermuche..shold be distributed to..the pore members of Christ Iesus, of whom an infynite number daylie do perish, thorowe wante of necessarie refection. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xiii. 108 [In] those who are tormented with the grievous pangs of Hunger; the Stomach begins to gnaw,..and the Veins, by greedily sucking some refection to themselves [etc.] a1773 A. Butler Lives Saints (1780) V. 306 Fasting..so severely as to allow himself no other refection than bread and water. c. A portion of food or drink; a light meal. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > portion of food portiona1398 refection?a1439 soleinc1440 ciza1665 disper1840 the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks nuncheonc1260 morsela1382 refection?a1439 mixtumc1490 bever1500 banquet1509 collation1525 snatch1570 beverage1577 a little something1577 anders-meat1598 four-hours1637 watering1637 refreshment1639 snap1642 luncheona1652 crib1652 prandicle1656 munchin1657 baita1661 unch1663 afternooning1678 whet1688 nacket1694 merenda1740 rinfresco1745 bagging?1746 snack1757 coffee1774 second breakfast1775 nummit1777 stay-stomach1800 damper1804 eleven o'clock1805 noonshine1808 by-bit1819 morning1819 four1823 four o'clock1825 lunch1829 stay-bit1833 picnic meal1839 elevens1849 Tommy1864 picnic tea1869 dinnerette1872 merienda1880 elevenses1887 light bite1887 soldier's supper1893 mug-up1902 tray1914 café complet1933 nosha1941 namkeen1942 snax1947 snackette1952 chaat1954 ploughman's lunch1957 munchie1959 playlunch1960 short-eat1962 lite bite1965 munchie1971 ploughman1975 aperitivo2002 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 1550 (MED) Withynne his hous to shewen his presence, For a repast and a refeccioun. 1482 Monk of Evesham 27 With a ful litil refeccion ther of he brake his faste. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xxi. sig. fiij A man..shall in the mornynge..with a litle refection,..haue his inuencion quicker, his iugement perfecter, his tonge rediar. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth ix. sig. E.iii^v The last refeccyon or meale wyll let the dygestyon of the fyrste. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. xix. 130 With these words, the Herald was led aside to take a short refection. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity xviii. 69 Birds..that ever smel out a comfortable refection from the fall of every such Carcass. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Refection, among Monks and Ecclesiasticks, a Repast spare Meal; meerly sufficing for the support of Life. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. liii. 207 Tho' our little refection was just brought in. 1856 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 295 A miserable refection of weak tea and tough toast. 1870 B. Disraeli Lothair (new ed.) l The cheerful fire, the judicious refection on a side table. 1932 T. E. Lawrence tr. Homer Odyssey xv Let me tell the women to set out in the hall a refection of what meats they have ready. †d. A particular type of food or refreshment; a particular dish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > an article or kind of food meateOE meatkinOE foodOE repast?c1500 refection1502 viand1527 sustenance1528 victual1558 cate1634 gustable1642 comestible1799 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iii. sig. c.iiii ^v In tastynge this fyrst refeccion of salt. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 114 There maist delegat refectione vas..green frutis, rutis & eirbis. 1625 J. Ussher Answer to Jesuite 54 The sonnes which he begat..he nourisheth with a peculiar refection and food, and meat and drink. 3. figurative and in extended use. Now rare (archaic and poetic in later use). a. Refreshment or relief due to something affecting the senses or body; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] heartingOE coolingc1350 refreshinga1382 recreationa1393 easement?a1400 rehetinga1400 freshing1422 refrigery?a1425 refectionc1450 refreshmenta1470 refrigeration1502 corroborating1530 recreating1538 comfortation1543 repast1546 rousing?a1563 refocillation1570 refresh1592 inanimationa1631 recruita1643 irrigationa1660 quicking1661 invigoration1662 reinvigoration1663 recuperation1703 rally1826 recruiting1840 energizing1841 recreance1842 inspiriting1846 animation1855 recruitment1862 inspiritment1886 pepping up1916 c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 24 Whan the spirit hath take refeccioun in good odoures. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 20 There is no greater refection to the eies than the sight of this. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 40 At night I cast vp much choler, after the eiection whereof, I felt such a refection [etc.]. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. vi. 261 Since this worn frame refection knew, What scenes have I survey'd of dreadful view? 1921 M. B. Anderson tr. Dante Divina Commedia xxi. 391 Whoso could know how great was the refection Mine eyes found in her features. b. Comfort or refreshment received through some spiritual or intellectual influence; an instance of this. ΚΠ a1456 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 37 (MED) Aaron..þis day mynisterd til oure Reffeccion. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xi. 40 To the artyke eres [printed eees] swete and dylycyous The golden rethoryke is good refeccyon. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 109 The comfort of Gods spirite shoulde coole it to his euerlasting refection. c1590 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Coll. Oxf. 64(2)) (1884) lix. 8 (MED) Moab, that is, ill men, that tourments me, are potte, that is, refection of my hope. 1627 J. Reading Dauids Soliloquie 18 These being therefore tempered, by that harmonic which naturally giueth refection to the thoughts. 1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 7 The only Sight of God is the true food and refection of our minds. 1717 L. Howel Desiderius (ed. 3) 170 It is the true and solid Refection of the holy Mind. 1822 Port folio 14 242 The glory of God may be as certainly..consulted in a due indulgence in any proper recreation, useful for the refection of the mind, as in the gravest pursuits of business or charity. 1858 J. M. Neale tr. Rhythm of Bernard de Morlaix (1864) 30 O sacred, sweet refection. 1916 G. Saintsbury Peace of Augustans ix. 348 The refection derivable from this curious department of literature. 1995 C. Sullivan Dismembered Rhetoric iii. 45 The reader [of a book of meditations]..could expect..a refection of the soul. 4. Repair, restoration; support. Now rare.In later examples after modern French usage: see the etymology.Sense 4a in N.E.D (1905), ‘Resetting of a dislocation’, was based on a misreading or mistranscription of the long s as f; the 17th cent. text quoted actually reads resection (see resection n. 2). ΚΠ c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 149 (MED) Soo appeerid no refeccion nor help sauf only a fewe estayinges of feble and little pillers, whiche for to passe ouyr tyme in haste, nat for to endure, were sett there. ?a1600 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Cambr.) l. 1444 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 271 The which shippes..syne þat refections sere Thame nedede [etc.]. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Refection,..a repairing or mending a thing that is worn and decayed. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xviii. 659 When Patients stand in need of refection of their strength. 1843 J. Bouvier Law Dict. U.S.A. (ed. 2) II. 420/2 Refection, civil law, reparation, re-establishment of a building. 1999 D. Beaupré et al. in R. K. Dhir & N. A. Henderson Specialist Techniques & Materials Concrete Constr. 154 This paper summarizes the shotcrete repair work done during the refection of the Webster parking..in fall 1996. 5. Zoology. a. The thriving of a laboratory animal despite the apparent absence of B group vitamins from the diet. Now disused.It was (correctly) supposed that the vitamins were supplied by microorganisms in the gut, but suggestions that they were absorbed directly, and that the agent was infective, were abandoned when the mechanism was identified as coprophagy (cf. sense 5b). ΚΠ 1926 L. S. Fredericia in Skandinavisches Archiv f. Physiologie 49 129 (heading) Refection, a transmissible change in the intestinal content, enabling rats to grow and thrive without B-vitamin in the food. 1931 Jrnl. Hygiene 31 548 If refection is caused by an endogenous bacterial agent..then wide variations in the behaviour of rats submitted to conditions likely to produce refection would naturally be expected. 1962 S. K. Kon in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 156 362 Their rats consumed the astonishing proportion of 50 to 65% of the faeces voided. Morgan..applied this technique to the study of refection and demonstrated that the phenomenon in the sense perceived by Fridericia and me does not exist. b. The eating of freshly passed, partially digested faecal pellets, practised by rabbits, hares, and some other animals and performing the same function as rumination; reingestion, coprophagy. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating specific substances or food > [noun] > eating excrement reingestion1859 coprophagy1891 coprophagia1906 refection1939 shit-eating1968 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating by animals > [noun] > eating faecal pellets reingestion1859 refection1939 1939 Nature 10 June 982/1 The pellets frequently constitute more than one third of the stomach contents [of the rabbit] and refection to such a degree seemed too improbable. 1952 L. H. Matthews Brit. Mammals vi. 136 In 1939 the habit of ‘refection’ was rediscovered in the rabbit. 1964 R. M. Lockley Private Life Rabbit x. 102 Many animals, including insects as well as hares and rabbits, have this habit of refection. 1973 Bk. Brit. Countryside (Automobile Assoc.) 367/2 Feeding is by refection, a similar method to chewing the cud. Food is eaten then excreted in semi-digested form as soft moist pellets. These are eaten again and passed through the intestines to be fully digested. 1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 352 98/2 Although [the amphipod] C[orophium] bonnellii would consume old faecal pellets,..the refection of freshly produced pellets was rarely observed. Phrases to take (one's, some, etc.) refection: to take (one's, some, etc.) refreshment or nourishment, to take food and drink. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (reflexive)] > refresh with food or drink to take (one's, some, etc.) refectionc1440 refect1646 c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 63 The lif of the bodi may not be sustened with-oute that he take his refeccion bodily [v.r. bodely ffoode & sustenaunce]. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xlix. 71 After they had taken their refection & wel dronken. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 823 He was so diseased in his stomacke that skant he could take eyther refection or rest. 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 8 They would rather haue perished with hunger and thirst then haue taken their refection at any mans hand but mine. 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 276 When he was armed, she prayed him for to take his refection. 1756 A. Butler Lives Saints I. 98 Coming to take his refection, he often burst into tears, and was obliged to leave..the table without touching any nourishment. 1836 Dublin Univ. Mag. Aug. 187/2 While taking some refection in the public room of an inn, he enters into conversation with an inhabitant of the place. 1924 E. O. Hoppé In Gipsy Camp & Royal Palace xvi. 173 As I took my refection, served by a sloe-eyed girl smiling and kindly, I surveyed the oxcarts creeping slowly along the dusty road. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. refection-house n. ΚΠ 1841 C. Darwin Coll. Papers 21 Aug. I. 142 Near the refection-house [at the Zoological Gardens] there is a fine bed of Stachys coccinea. 1851 Irish Q. Rev. 1 651 One evening he and his companions,..before they had been brought into the refection house, took an advantage of the keepers, and knocked off their fetters. 1931 M. T. Pender Spearmen of North xii. 91 I found a rope laid ready to my hand as we were marched under guard to the refection-house. † refection taking n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxvii. 158 Yf they may knowe that theyre aduersaryes be not upon theyre warde or that they be at theyre refeccyon taking. C2. Refection Sunday n. [after post-classical Latin dominica refectionis (13th cent.); so called because the Gospel for the day is from John 6, in which Jesus feeds the five thousand] the fourth Sunday in Lent; = Refreshment Sunday n. at refreshment n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > mid-Lent > [noun] > Sunday in Sunday of RefreshmentlOE midlenten Sunday1389 mid-Lent Sundayc1425 Phagiphanyc1450 mid-fast Sunday1480 Mothering Sunday1783 Refreshment Sunday1825 Refection Sunday1852 Laetare1870 1852 Christian Remembrancer July 393 In the West it is also termed Refection Sunday, partly because the Gospel for the day relates the feeding of the five thousand, partly because it was observed as a little carnival between the two halves of Lent. 2000 E. Knowles Oxf. Dict. Phrase & Fable 909/1 Refreshment Sunday..so called because the Gospel for the day is from John 6, which tells the story of the feeding of the five thousand. Also called Refection Sunday. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † refectionv. Forms: late Middle English–1500s refeccion, 1500s refeccyon, 1500s–1600s 1800s refection. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French refectionner ; refection n. Etymology: Originally < Middle French refectionner (15th cent.) < réfection refection n. In later use < refection n. Compare refect v. Obsolete (archaic in later use). transitive. To refresh, nourish; to provide with a refection. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)] akeleOE restOE comfort1303 ease1330 quickc1350 recurea1382 refresha1382 refetec1384 restorec1384 affilea1393 enforcec1400 freshc1405 revigour?a1425 recomfortc1425 recreatec1425 quicken?c1430 revive1442 cheerc1443 refection?c1450 refect1488 unweary1530 freshen1532 corroborate1541 vige?c1550 erect?1555 recollect?1560 repose1562 respite1565 rouse1574 requicken1576 animate1585 enlive1593 revify1598 inanimate1600 insinew1600 to wind up1602 vigorize1603 inspiritc1610 invigour1611 refocillate1611 revigorate1611 renovate1614 spriten1614 repaira1616 activate1624 vigour1636 enliven1644 invigorate1646 rally1650 reinvigorate1652 renerve1652 to freshen up1654 righta1656 re-enlivena1660 recruita1661 enlighten1667 revivify1675 untire1677 reanimate1694 stimulate1759 rebrace1764 refreshen1780 brisken1799 irrigate1823 tonic1825 to fresh up1835 ginger1844 spell1846 recuperate1849 binge1854 tone1859 innerve1880 fiercen1896 to tone up1896 to buck up1909 pep1912 to zip up1927 to perk up1936 to zizz up1944 hep1948 to zing up1948 juice1964 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > refresh with food fremeOE refection?c1450 refect1488 hearten1586 ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 97 (MED) In the whiche arke was manna, wherewith the children of Israel were Refeccioned. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iv. sig. d ^v The baptem refeccyoneth the soule & kepeth it..from deth. 1550 J. Veron Godly Saiyngs sig. D.iii Thou art so refectyoned, that thou canste not lacke, wherof to be refectioned. 1629 J. Wadsworth Eng. Spanish Pilgrime iii. 11 After they had been well refectioned by the Rector, thay tooke their leaue. 1881 H. W. Nicholson From Sword to Share xxxiv. 278 The guests are dismounted, warm welcomed and ‘liquored-up’,—the ladies being refectioned somewhere in the back slums. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398v.?c1450
随便看	enders endew endfast endfire array endfire radiation endfull endfully endgame endgames endgate endgatherer endgrain endhand endhandkerchief endhole endhooping endiablee endiablement endiadem endiaper ending ending up ending-day ending-post ending-stone

refectionn.

Phrases

Compounds

† refectionv.