receptorn.

Brit.

/rᵻˈsɛptə/, U.S.

/rəˈsɛptər/,

/riˈsɛptər/

Forms:

α. late Middle English–1500s receptour, 1500s–1600s 1800s– receptor; Scottish pre-1700 receptor, pre-1700 receptur.

β. Scottish pre-1700 receptar, pre-1700 recepter.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French recepteur ; Latin receptor ; Latin recept- , recipere , -or suffix.

Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman receptur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French receptour, Middle French recepteur person who harbours criminals (c1292 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; compare resetter n.) and its etymon classical Latin receptor person who receives into shelter or concealment, harbourer < recept- , past participial stem of recipere receive v. + -or -or suffix. In later use directly < classical Latin recept-, past participial stem of recipere receive v. + -or suffix. Compare Catalan receptor (15th cent.), Spanish receptor (second half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese receptor (1620), Italian recettore (14th cent.). Compare also French receptateur (1346), Old Occitan receptador (1298). Compare earlier resetter n., receipter n., receiver n.¹ 3.In sense 3a after German Receptor (P. Ehrlich 1900, in Berliner klin. Wochenschr. 21 May 453/2; now Rezeptor ). With the β. forms compare -er suffix¹.

†1. A person who receives or harbours criminals or stolen goods; = receipter n., receiver n.¹ 3, resetter n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > receiving stolen goods > one who > or harbours criminals

receipter?c1430

receptorc1450

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > harbouring criminals or outlaws > one who > or stolen goods

receipter?c1430

receptorc1450

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 30 Ony heretykes..or here receptourys, defenderys, or fauourerys.

1472 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 25 John More..is a receptour of suspect persones.

a1500 (a1425) Metrical Life St. Robert of Knaresborough (1953) 345 (MED) Off all the theffys þat wounes here A receptour Robertt ys.

1543 J. Bale Yet Course at Romyshe Foxe sig. C Defender, maintener, and receptour, of heretyques.

1585 W. Fleetwood in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 297 The searchinge out of sundrye that were receptors of ffelons.

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 13 The kind Receptors of the Fugitiues after the Detection.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 8 The principall malefactour proves aganis his recepter for his awin pardon.

1660 in W. W. Hening Statutes at Large: Coll. Laws Virginia (1823) I. 538 Against pyrats, their assistors or abettors,..or receptors.

?a1700 in J. F. S. Gordon Bk. Chron. Keith (1880) 42 That you are thieves, and receptors of thieves.

2. The receiver of a telephone; = receiver n.¹ 6c. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > telephone equipment > [noun] > telephone > parts of telephone

induction coil1837

ferrotype1857

telephone receiver1875

mouthpiece1877

receiver1877

microphone1878

telephone trumpet1879

magneto bell1882

magneto call bella1884

rest1883

hook1885

receptor1898

telephone dial1898

ringer1899

dial1900

Button A (or B)1922

switch hook1922

phone bell1924

hybrid coil1925

cradle1929

dial wheel1938

hybrid transformer1941

scriber1968

fascia1973

1898 Westm. Gaz. 17 Feb. 1/3 In the hospital..each Roman Catholic patient has a receptor connected with the cathedral at the head of his bed on Sunday.

1994 Global Communications (Nexis) July 10 When the user lifts the telephone receptor, it sends a signal to the switching station that indicates that he wishes to place a call.

a. Immunology. Originally: a molecule in a cell or in the circulation that binds a toxin or other foreign substance; = antibody n. a. In later use: spec. molecules located on the surface of lymphocytes which recognize and bind antigens or antigen-related proteins. Frequently attributive.Ehrlich's theory of receptors was originally applied to other processes, esp. the binding and absorption of food molecules from the digestive tract, creating some overlap between this sense and sense 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] > receptor

receptor1900

amboceptor1901

triceptor1902

uniceptor1902

chemoreceptor1907

chemoceptor1910

nutriceptor1911

1900 Lancet 18 Aug. 528/1 The fixation..of the Toxin molecule in the protoplasm was accomplished by means of certain lateral chains which the latter possessed and which were termed ‘receptors’.

1902 Science 2 May 697/1 The substances are denominated intermediary body (receptor) and complement.

1903 J. Coats Man. Pathol. (ed. 5) 151 By careful and increasing dosage the protoplasm of the cell may be gradually stimulated to form more and more receptor groups.

1941 J. A. Kolmer & L. Tuft Clin. Immunol. iii. 63 This [sc. Ehrlich's side-chain theory] is now regarded as untenable because of the physiologic improbability that there can exist a sufficient number of specific receptors for an innumerable number of antigens.

1967 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. 32 431/1 We assume first that nothing except antibody recognizes antigen, and we must therefore assume that the receptor for antigen is antibody already present at a site, in or on the cell, prior to exposure to antigen.

1986 Jrnl. Molecular & Cellular Immunol. 2 307 In this particular system, T cell receptors and antibodies of similar nominal specificities share idiotypic determinants.

1999 P. T. Rieger Clin. Handbk. for Biotherapy ii. 23 A small area of the antigen..binds to the lymphocyte receptor, stimulating an immune response.

b. Physiology. A constituent of a cell or tissue, esp. a membrane protein or carbohydrate molecule, that binds a specific neurotransmitter, drug, hormone, virus, etc. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reception or transmission of impulses > receptors of neurotransmitters

receptor1910

1910 A. R. Cushny Textbk. Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 5) 261 The action of curara here must be exerted, not on the end-plate, but on some undegenerated substance, which has been termed receptive substance, or receptor.

1912 E. H. Starling Princ. Human Physiol. vi. 314 Receptor substances may act as intermediaries in every case of propagation of an impulse across a synapse of whatever description.

1955 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 16 268 The picture which has emerged, assumes that acetycholine is stored in an inactive bound form. Stimulation releases the ester which combines with a receptor protein.

1975 N.Y. Times 27 Mar. 9/1 The test shows whether the tumor cells contain receptors, or ‘landing sites’, for estrogen molecules, which are then taken into the cells and stimulate their growth.

1985 EMBO Jrnl. 4 1503/1 It has been clearly established that the receptor [for most paramyxoviruses] is sialic acid.

2005 Village Voice (N.Y.) 12 Jan. 40/4 The flood of kaleidoscopic visual effects that happens upon taking LSD and substances like it seems to be tied to the activation of a particular serotonin receptor.

4. Physiology. An organ, cell, or nerve ending that responds to sensory stimuli. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reception or transmission of impulses > receptor of stimuli

chemoreceptor1906

exteroceptor1906

interoceptor1906

nociceptor1906

photoreceptor1906

proprioceptor1906

receptor1906

radioreceptor1922

mechanoreceptor1927

phonoreceptor1934

stretch receptor1936

pressoreceptor1937

thermoreceptor1937

osmoreceptor1946

baroceptor1949

baroreceptor1951

sensor1956

chemosensor1964

1906 C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nerv. Syst. i. 13 Electrical stimuli applied to receptor organs are..efficient excitors of reflexes.

1906 C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nerv. Syst. ix. 309 The branching at the receptive end places it in communication not with one but with several receptor cells.

1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. i. 24 The receptor organs are those parts of the living organism which are specially sensitive to the changes going on around them.

1934 Nature 22 Sept. 445/1 Normal vision may be due to a receptor which gives rise to a red sensation, one which gives rise to a blue sensation and one which gives rise to a not blue, not red sensation which, of course, corresponds to a green sensation.

1975 Sci. Amer. July 108/2 There are other receptors on the antennae of mosquitoes that respond to chemical stimuli.

2001 Washington Post (Home ed.) 17 Nov. (Mag.) 11/1 The doctor told Rania she had a condition called Usher syndrome, the major cause of deaf-blindness in the world. A genetic degeneration of receptor cells in the inner ear and the retina, Usher often blinds its victims slowly.

Compounds

receptor-destroying enzyme n. Medicine any enzyme that inactivates or removes cellular receptors; esp. viral or bacterial neuraminidase.

ΚΠ

1948 F. M. Burnet in Lancet 3 Jan. 9/1 In these respects, as well as in the kinetics of its activity, the agent behaved as a typical enzyme and we have referred to it as the receptor-destroying enzyme.

1970 F. J. Fenner & D. O. White Med. Virol. iii. 45 The importance of glycoprotein receptors for the attachment of influenza virus has been demonstrated in experiments in which they have been destroyed by bacterial neuraminidase (‘receptor-destroying enzyme’).

2006 Glycoconjugate Jrnl. 23 51 As in the case of influenza viruses, the receptor-destroying enzyme of BCoV [= bovine coronavirus] is believed to facilitate the spread of virus infection by removing receptor determinants from the surface of infected cells and by preventing the formation of virus aggregates.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	receptor
释义	receptorn. Brit. /rᵻˈsɛptə/, U.S. /rəˈsɛptər/, /riˈsɛptər/ Forms: α. late Middle English–1500s receptour, 1500s–1600s 1800s– receptor; Scottish pre-1700 receptor, pre-1700 receptur. β. Scottish pre-1700 receptar, pre-1700 recepter. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French recepteur ; Latin receptor ; Latin recept- , recipere , -or suffix. Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman receptur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French receptour, Middle French recepteur person who harbours criminals (c1292 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; compare resetter n.) and its etymon classical Latin receptor person who receives into shelter or concealment, harbourer < recept- , past participial stem of recipere receive v. + -or -or suffix. In later use directly < classical Latin recept-, past participial stem of recipere receive v. + -or suffix. Compare Catalan receptor (15th cent.), Spanish receptor (second half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese receptor (1620), Italian recettore (14th cent.). Compare also French receptateur (1346), Old Occitan receptador (1298). Compare earlier resetter n., receipter n., receiver n.¹ 3.In sense 3a after German Receptor (P. Ehrlich 1900, in Berliner klin. Wochenschr. 21 May 453/2; now Rezeptor ). With the β. forms compare -er suffix¹. †1. A person who receives or harbours criminals or stolen goods; = receipter n., receiver n.¹ 3, resetter n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > receiving stolen goods > one who > or harbours criminals receipter?c1430 receptorc1450 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > harbouring criminals or outlaws > one who > or stolen goods receipter?c1430 receptorc1450 c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 30 Ony heretykes..or here receptourys, defenderys, or fauourerys. 1472 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 25 John More..is a receptour of suspect persones. a1500 (a1425) Metrical Life St. Robert of Knaresborough (1953) 345 (MED) Off all the theffys þat wounes here A receptour Robertt ys. 1543 J. Bale Yet Course at Romyshe Foxe sig. C Defender, maintener, and receptour, of heretyques. 1585 W. Fleetwood in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 297 The searchinge out of sundrye that were receptors of ffelons. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 13 The kind Receptors of the Fugitiues after the Detection. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 8 The principall malefactour proves aganis his recepter for his awin pardon. 1660 in W. W. Hening Statutes at Large: Coll. Laws Virginia (1823) I. 538 Against pyrats, their assistors or abettors,..or receptors. ?a1700 in J. F. S. Gordon Bk. Chron. Keith (1880) 42 That you are thieves, and receptors of thieves. 2. The receiver of a telephone; = receiver n.¹ 6c. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > telephone equipment > [noun] > telephone > parts of telephone induction coil1837 ferrotype1857 telephone receiver1875 mouthpiece1877 receiver1877 microphone1878 telephone trumpet1879 magneto bell1882 magneto call bella1884 rest1883 hook1885 receptor1898 telephone dial1898 ringer1899 dial1900 Button A (or B)1922 switch hook1922 phone bell1924 hybrid coil1925 cradle1929 dial wheel1938 hybrid transformer1941 scriber1968 fascia1973 1898 Westm. Gaz. 17 Feb. 1/3 In the hospital..each Roman Catholic patient has a receptor connected with the cathedral at the head of his bed on Sunday. 1994 Global Communications (Nexis) July 10 When the user lifts the telephone receptor, it sends a signal to the switching station that indicates that he wishes to place a call. 3. a. Immunology. Originally: a molecule in a cell or in the circulation that binds a toxin or other foreign substance; = antibody n. a. In later use: spec. molecules located on the surface of lymphocytes which recognize and bind antigens or antigen-related proteins. Frequently attributive.Ehrlich's theory of receptors was originally applied to other processes, esp. the binding and absorption of food molecules from the digestive tract, creating some overlap between this sense and sense 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [noun] > receptor receptor1900 amboceptor1901 triceptor1902 uniceptor1902 chemoreceptor1907 chemoceptor1910 nutriceptor1911 1900 Lancet 18 Aug. 528/1 The fixation..of the Toxin molecule in the protoplasm was accomplished by means of certain lateral chains which the latter possessed and which were termed ‘receptors’. 1902 Science 2 May 697/1 The substances are denominated intermediary body (receptor) and complement. 1903 J. Coats Man. Pathol. (ed. 5) 151 By careful and increasing dosage the protoplasm of the cell may be gradually stimulated to form more and more receptor groups. 1941 J. A. Kolmer & L. Tuft Clin. Immunol. iii. 63 This [sc. Ehrlich's side-chain theory] is now regarded as untenable because of the physiologic improbability that there can exist a sufficient number of specific receptors for an innumerable number of antigens. 1967 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. 32 431/1 We assume first that nothing except antibody recognizes antigen, and we must therefore assume that the receptor for antigen is antibody already present at a site, in or on the cell, prior to exposure to antigen. 1986 Jrnl. Molecular & Cellular Immunol. 2 307 In this particular system, T cell receptors and antibodies of similar nominal specificities share idiotypic determinants. 1999 P. T. Rieger Clin. Handbk. for Biotherapy ii. 23 A small area of the antigen..binds to the lymphocyte receptor, stimulating an immune response. b. Physiology. A constituent of a cell or tissue, esp. a membrane protein or carbohydrate molecule, that binds a specific neurotransmitter, drug, hormone, virus, etc. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reception or transmission of impulses > receptors of neurotransmitters receptor1910 1910 A. R. Cushny Textbk. Pharmacol. & Therapeutics (ed. 5) 261 The action of curara here must be exerted, not on the end-plate, but on some undegenerated substance, which has been termed receptive substance, or receptor. 1912 E. H. Starling Princ. Human Physiol. vi. 314 Receptor substances may act as intermediaries in every case of propagation of an impulse across a synapse of whatever description. 1955 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 16 268 The picture which has emerged, assumes that acetycholine is stored in an inactive bound form. Stimulation releases the ester which combines with a receptor protein. 1975 N.Y. Times 27 Mar. 9/1 The test shows whether the tumor cells contain receptors, or ‘landing sites’, for estrogen molecules, which are then taken into the cells and stimulate their growth. 1985 EMBO Jrnl. 4 1503/1 It has been clearly established that the receptor [for most paramyxoviruses] is sialic acid. 2005 Village Voice (N.Y.) 12 Jan. 40/4 The flood of kaleidoscopic visual effects that happens upon taking LSD and substances like it seems to be tied to the activation of a particular serotonin receptor. 4. Physiology. An organ, cell, or nerve ending that responds to sensory stimuli. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [noun] > reception or transmission of impulses > receptor of stimuli chemoreceptor1906 exteroceptor1906 interoceptor1906 nociceptor1906 photoreceptor1906 proprioceptor1906 receptor1906 radioreceptor1922 mechanoreceptor1927 phonoreceptor1934 stretch receptor1936 pressoreceptor1937 thermoreceptor1937 osmoreceptor1946 baroceptor1949 baroreceptor1951 sensor1956 chemosensor1964 1906 C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nerv. Syst. i. 13 Electrical stimuli applied to receptor organs are..efficient excitors of reflexes. 1906 C. S. Sherrington Integrative Action Nerv. Syst. ix. 309 The branching at the receptive end places it in communication not with one but with several receptor cells. 1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. i. 24 The receptor organs are those parts of the living organism which are specially sensitive to the changes going on around them. 1934 Nature 22 Sept. 445/1 Normal vision may be due to a receptor which gives rise to a red sensation, one which gives rise to a blue sensation and one which gives rise to a not blue, not red sensation which, of course, corresponds to a green sensation. 1975 Sci. Amer. July 108/2 There are other receptors on the antennae of mosquitoes that respond to chemical stimuli. 2001 Washington Post (Home ed.) 17 Nov. (Mag.) 11/1 The doctor told Rania she had a condition called Usher syndrome, the major cause of deaf-blindness in the world. A genetic degeneration of receptor cells in the inner ear and the retina, Usher often blinds its victims slowly. Compounds receptor-destroying enzyme n. Medicine any enzyme that inactivates or removes cellular receptors; esp. viral or bacterial neuraminidase. ΚΠ 1948 F. M. Burnet in Lancet 3 Jan. 9/1 In these respects, as well as in the kinetics of its activity, the agent behaved as a typical enzyme and we have referred to it as the receptor-destroying enzyme. 1970 F. J. Fenner & D. O. White Med. Virol. iii. 45 The importance of glycoprotein receptors for the attachment of influenza virus has been demonstrated in experiments in which they have been destroyed by bacterial neuraminidase (‘receptor-destroying enzyme’). 2006 Glycoconjugate Jrnl. 23 51 As in the case of influenza viruses, the receptor-destroying enzyme of BCoV [= bovine coronavirus] is believed to facilitate the spread of virus infection by removing receptor determinants from the surface of infected cells and by preventing the formation of virus aggregates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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