rationalen.¹

Brit.

/ˌraʃəˈneɪli/,

/ˌraʃəˈnɑːleɪ/, U.S.

/ˌræʃəˈneɪli/,

/ˌræʃəˈnɑleɪ/

Forms: Old English 1600s 1900s– rationale, Middle English racional, Middle English racionale, 1500s racionall, 1500s–1800s rational, 1600s rationall.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rationale.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin rationale breastplate worn by the Israelite high priest (Vulgate), bishop's liturgical ornament (9th cent.), use as noun of neuter of classical Latin ratiōnālis rational adj., after Hellenistic Greek λογεῖον (also λόγιον ) (Septuagint; already in ancient Greek in sense ‘oracle’: see logion n.; rendering biblical Hebrew ḥōšen (Exodus and Leviticus; short for ḥōšen mišpāṭ (Exodus 28:15, etc.; also ḥōšen hammišpāṭ) < ḥōšen breastplate (of uncertain and disputed origin) + mišpāṭ decision, judgement ( < šāpaṭ to judge))). Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French racionale (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Middle French racionel (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), Middle French racional (14th cent.), Middle French, French rational (15th cent.).The breastplate of judgement was so called because it contained the sacred objects Urim and Thummim (compare urim n., thummim n., and see discussion at those entries), by which divine messages were believed to be communicated and therefore a ‘decision’ or ‘judgement’ made (compare quots. 1602, 1852 at sense 1).

†1. The breastplate worn by the Jewish high priest, esp. that which Moses was commanded to have made for Aaron (Exodus 28). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > Jewish

rationaleeOE

breast broocha1382

pectoral?a1439

breast-flap1530

breast lap1530

breastplate1567

oracle1743

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xiii. 77 Forðy wæs ðurh ða halgan stemne beboden ðætte on Arones breostum sceolde beon awriten sio racu ðæs domes on ðæm hrægle ðe mon hæt rationale, & mid noslum gebunden.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) viii. 8 He..scrydde ðone bisceop mid linenum reafe & gyrde hine..& lede eax[l]clað ofer hine, & band to ðam rationale [L. rationali], on ðam wæs awriten: Lar & Soþfæstnys.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxv. 7 Ȝe schullen take gold & syluer..& gemmis to anouren Ephoth..& þe racional [L. rationale], þat is, þe cloþ in þe brest of þe cope.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxviii. 4 Thei schulen make racional [a1425 E.V. breest broche].

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxxiii. 82 Aaron had a broche or a tatche fastned vnder his breste that was cleped racionale.

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxxxii Y^e adornament of Aaron, called his Racionall.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark iii. 94 The 12 pretious stones in the Rational of Aaron.

1602 T. Lodge tr. Josephus Wks. 67 By the twelue stones which the high priest bare (sowed and inchased in his Rational in the midst of his breast) God was wont to foresignifie victorie to those that were addressed to battell.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 93 The twelve stones in the Rationall or breast-plate of Aaron.

1705 J. C. tr. P. Jurieu Crit. Hist. Doctr. & Worships Church I. ii. 414 God puts the Rational or Breast-plate, and the Ephod among the Number of the Vestments, belonging peculiarly to the High-Priest.

1771 Scripture-dict. 342/2 Where the ephod crossed upon the high-priest's breast, there was a square ornament, called the rational, or breast-plate.

1852 J. Dixon Gen. Introd. Sacred Scriptures I. vii. 82 Whatever may be said on this matter, it is certain that, when the high priest sought counsel from God, he should have on, the rational, which had the urim and thummim.

2. (a) A breast ornament worked in gold sometimes worn by bishops over the chasuble during the celebration of mass (see quot. 1950). Now chiefly historical. †(b) A liturgical vestment formerly worn by bishops over the shoulders, similar to an archbishop's pallium. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > worn by bishops during celebration of mass

pectoral?a1439

reasonal1574

rationale1849

1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. 371 Bishop Giffard, who died a.d. 1301,..is figured in a chasuble, having pinned upon his breast the rational.

1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. 159 The real ‘rational’ has nothing to do with the ‘pall’.

1884 A. J. Butler Anc. Coptic Churches Egypt II. 122 The rational..is mentioned among the ancient ornaments of the Celtic bishops.

1950 H. Davis in tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 246 (note) In the Middle Ages the rationale was an ornamental garment, resembling the pallium, and worn over the shoulders by bishops in certain dioceses of the West. It is still used today at Pontifical High Mass in the dioceses of Eichstätt, Paderborn, Toul-Nancy, and Cracow.

2000 A. S. Cohen Uta Codex 85 A good example is the rationale from the Bamburg cathedral,..thought to have been made in Regensburg in the eleventh century.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rationalen.²

Brit.

/ˌraʃəˈnɑːl/,

/ˌraʃəˈnal/, U.S.

/ˌræʃəˈnæl/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rationale.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin rationale reasoned exposition (from 12th cent. in work titles, e.g. rationale divinorum officiorum ), use as noun of neuter of ratiōnālis rational adj. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (ræʃənēⁱ·li) /ræʃəˈneɪliː/, with which other dictionaries down to the early 20th cent. agree. Pronunciation with the final -e sounded and with /ɑː/ in the penultimate syllable is given by D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. from ed. 1 (1917) onwards and in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1934). With either of the two foregoing pronunciations of the penultimate syllable it was also possible to sound -ti- as a separate syllable /ʃɪ/. Pronunciation with final -e silent and with /ɑː/ or /a/is noted in H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage (1926), who ascribes it to ‘confusion with such French words as morale & locale (there is no French rationale)’, and is regarded by E. Gowers Fowler's Mod. Eng. Usage (ed. 2, 1965) as ‘likely to have an undeserved victory’; it is recorded by dictionaries from the mid 20th cent. onwards, e.g. by Webster's Third New Internat. Dict. (1961) and the 13th ed. of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1967).

1. A reasoned exposition of principles; an explanation or statement of reasons; (also) an (attempted) justification for something. Also: †a set of reasoned rules or directions (obsolete).In some contexts (e.g. where an explanation states an underlying reason) not easily distinguishable from sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > body or system of

disciplinea1393

formulary?1541

code1548

codex1577

rationale1580

disciplizationa1706

regimen1751

code of practice1783

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > basis of reasoning

organon1610

rationalea1701

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] > reasoned

rationalea1701

1580 T. N. tr. P. Mexía Pleasaunt Dialogue sig. Eij The perfit Phisition ought to be expert and learned, so that the Medecine muste appeere on bothe sides, that is aswell in the experimented as rationales, and ought to haue Arte, precepts, and foundation ioyntly with experience.

1657 Bp. Sparrow (title) A rationale upon the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England.

1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 1001 Which is not a bare translation, a comment being added upon each particular, especially upon all the chymical processes which he has searched out from their original fountains, and explicated the process it self, adding as a supplement a rationale upon the same.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 28 They could not give any manner of Rationale of their own divine Service.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 396 The writings of all those, who have given a rationale of the Egyptian rites.

1846 J. B. Mozley Ess. 1878 I. 229 A rationale of heroism was not likely to tell much on English minds.

1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 99 Where these facts are admitted,..the rationale usually appended is that their source is a diabolical one.

1939 Fortune Oct. 56/1 Greater Germany is smaller than the state of Texas, yet contains a population 68 per cent that of the entire U.S. This pressure of big population in small space has given the Nazis a rationale for territorial expansion into a greater Lebensraum.

1972 G. Bromley In Absence of Body ii. 24 We were working on the rationale for the OOO-Frooty presentation... The document giving the reasons for our recommendations.

2. The fundamental underlying reason for or rational basis of a thing.Frequently with of, for, and (more recently also) behind, and preceded by the.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > fundamental reason or logical basis

reasona1425

rational1621

ratio1638

rationality1646

rationale1651

predicate1832

1651 Bp. J. Taylor Clerus Domini vi. 37 Therefore the Author of the bookes of Ecclesiasticall hierarchy, giving the rationale of the rites of Ordination, says that the Priest is made so..by way of proclaiming and publication of the person.

1688 Bp. S. Parker Reasons abrogating Test 124 This gives us the true Rationale of the Mosaick Law.

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 752 I..give you my thoughts more fully concerning the rationale of that odd clause in the Jewish Law, where Moses tells the Israelites,..that These may ye eat,..the Beetle after his kind, and the Grashopper after his kind.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 309 They laid down the Rationale and Ground-Work that the Judgment of the Assize was founded upon.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §21. 36 A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and sure principles.

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 152 He sees the rationale of the whole system, its origin and its operation.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. xxv. §2 Such, I conceive, is the true theory or rationale of underselling.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 3 To discover the rationale of social progress is the ambition of this age.

1951 W. C. Williams Autobiogr. xlvii. 311 A class of men showed arresting interest in verse construction when I showed them something of its mechanics and explained the rationale governing my proposals.

1963 Times 11 Oct. 8/5 The rationale behind the use of an antiseptic for this purpose is that inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms in the water delays decomposition.

1992 Economist 11 Apr. 24/2 Most European governments, unwilling to admit that gambling is often just another form of entertainment, offer wonderfully implausible rationales for the versions of it that they permit.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ii. 48 Having discovered the wealth of hearsay evidence out there, this is probably the rationale for our own government's enthusiasm to abandon the rule against hearsay in the British court system.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	rationale
释义	rationalen.¹ Brit. /ˌraʃəˈneɪli/, /ˌraʃəˈnɑːleɪ/, U.S. /ˌræʃəˈneɪli/, /ˌræʃəˈnɑleɪ/ Forms: Old English 1600s 1900s– rationale, Middle English racional, Middle English racionale, 1500s racionall, 1500s–1800s rational, 1600s rationall. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rationale. Etymology: < post-classical Latin rationale breastplate worn by the Israelite high priest (Vulgate), bishop's liturgical ornament (9th cent.), use as noun of neuter of classical Latin ratiōnālis rational adj., after Hellenistic Greek λογεῖον (also λόγιον ) (Septuagint; already in ancient Greek in sense ‘oracle’: see logion n.; rendering biblical Hebrew ḥōšen (Exodus and Leviticus; short for ḥōšen mišpāṭ (Exodus 28:15, etc.; also ḥōšen hammišpāṭ) < ḥōšen breastplate (of uncertain and disputed origin) + mišpāṭ decision, judgement ( < šāpaṭ to judge))). Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French racionale (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Middle French racionel (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), Middle French racional (14th cent.), Middle French, French rational (15th cent.).The breastplate of judgement was so called because it contained the sacred objects Urim and Thummim (compare urim n., thummim n., and see discussion at those entries), by which divine messages were believed to be communicated and therefore a ‘decision’ or ‘judgement’ made (compare quots. 1602, 1852 at sense 1). †1. The breastplate worn by the Jewish high priest, esp. that which Moses was commanded to have made for Aaron (Exodus 28). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > Jewish rationaleeOE breast broocha1382 pectoral?a1439 breast-flap1530 breast lap1530 breastplate1567 oracle1743 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xiii. 77 Forðy wæs ðurh ða halgan stemne beboden ðætte on Arones breostum sceolde beon awriten sio racu ðæs domes on ðæm hrægle ðe mon hæt rationale, & mid noslum gebunden. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) viii. 8 He..scrydde ðone bisceop mid linenum reafe & gyrde hine..& lede eax[l]clað ofer hine, & band to ðam rationale [L. rationali], on ðam wæs awriten: Lar & Soþfæstnys. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxv. 7 Ȝe schullen take gold & syluer..& gemmis to anouren Ephoth..& þe racional [L. rationale], þat is, þe cloþ in þe brest of þe cope. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxviii. 4 Thei schulen make racional [a1425 E.V. breest broche]. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxxiii. 82 Aaron had a broche or a tatche fastned vnder his breste that was cleped racionale. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. Clxxxxii Y^e adornament of Aaron, called his Racionall. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Mark iii. 94 The 12 pretious stones in the Rational of Aaron. 1602 T. Lodge tr. Josephus Wks. 67 By the twelue stones which the high priest bare (sowed and inchased in his Rational in the midst of his breast) God was wont to foresignifie victorie to those that were addressed to battell. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 93 The twelve stones in the Rationall or breast-plate of Aaron. View more context for this quotation 1705 J. C. tr. P. Jurieu Crit. Hist. Doctr. & Worships Church I. ii. 414 God puts the Rational or Breast-plate, and the Ephod among the Number of the Vestments, belonging peculiarly to the High-Priest. 1771 Scripture-dict. 342/2 Where the ephod crossed upon the high-priest's breast, there was a square ornament, called the rational, or breast-plate. 1852 J. Dixon Gen. Introd. Sacred Scriptures I. vii. 82 Whatever may be said on this matter, it is certain that, when the high priest sought counsel from God, he should have on, the rational, which had the urim and thummim. 2. (a) A breast ornament worked in gold sometimes worn by bishops over the chasuble during the celebration of mass (see quot. 1950). Now chiefly historical. †(b) A liturgical vestment formerly worn by bishops over the shoulders, similar to an archbishop's pallium. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > vestments > sartorial appurtenances > [noun] > rational > worn by bishops during celebration of mass pectoral?a1439 reasonal1574 rationale1849 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. 371 Bishop Giffard, who died a.d. 1301,..is figured in a chasuble, having pinned upon his breast the rational. 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. 159 The real ‘rational’ has nothing to do with the ‘pall’. 1884 A. J. Butler Anc. Coptic Churches Egypt II. 122 The rational..is mentioned among the ancient ornaments of the Celtic bishops. 1950 H. Davis in tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 246 (note) In the Middle Ages the rationale was an ornamental garment, resembling the pallium, and worn over the shoulders by bishops in certain dioceses of the West. It is still used today at Pontifical High Mass in the dioceses of Eichstätt, Paderborn, Toul-Nancy, and Cracow. 2000 A. S. Cohen Uta Codex 85 A good example is the rationale from the Bamburg cathedral,..thought to have been made in Regensburg in the eleventh century. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rationalen.² Brit. /ˌraʃəˈnɑːl/, /ˌraʃəˈnal/, U.S. /ˌræʃəˈnæl/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rationale. Etymology: < post-classical Latin rationale reasoned exposition (from 12th cent. in work titles, e.g. rationale divinorum officiorum ), use as noun of neuter of ratiōnālis rational adj. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (ræʃənēⁱ·li) /ræʃəˈneɪliː/, with which other dictionaries down to the early 20th cent. agree. Pronunciation with the final -e sounded and with /ɑː/ in the penultimate syllable is given by D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. from ed. 1 (1917) onwards and in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1934). With either of the two foregoing pronunciations of the penultimate syllable it was also possible to sound -ti- as a separate syllable /ʃɪ/. Pronunciation with final -e silent and with /ɑː/ or /a/is noted in H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage (1926), who ascribes it to ‘confusion with such French words as morale & locale (there is no French rationale)’, and is regarded by E. Gowers Fowler's Mod. Eng. Usage (ed. 2, 1965) as ‘likely to have an undeserved victory’; it is recorded by dictionaries from the mid 20th cent. onwards, e.g. by Webster's Third New Internat. Dict. (1961) and the 13th ed. of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. (1967). 1. A reasoned exposition of principles; an explanation or statement of reasons; (also) an (attempted) justification for something. Also: †a set of reasoned rules or directions (obsolete).In some contexts (e.g. where an explanation states an underlying reason) not easily distinguishable from sense 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] > regulation > a regulation or rule > body or system of disciplinea1393 formulary?1541 code1548 codex1577 rationale1580 disciplizationa1706 regimen1751 code of practice1783 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > basis of reasoning organon1610 rationalea1701 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > [noun] > reasoned rationalea1701 1580 T. N. tr. P. Mexía Pleasaunt Dialogue sig. Eij The perfit Phisition ought to be expert and learned, so that the Medecine muste appeere on bothe sides, that is aswell in the experimented as rationales, and ought to haue Arte, precepts, and foundation ioyntly with experience. 1657 Bp. Sparrow (title) A rationale upon the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England. 1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 1001 Which is not a bare translation, a comment being added upon each particular, especially upon all the chymical processes which he has searched out from their original fountains, and explicated the process it self, adding as a supplement a rationale upon the same. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 28 They could not give any manner of Rationale of their own divine Service. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 396 The writings of all those, who have given a rationale of the Egyptian rites. 1846 J. B. Mozley Ess. 1878 I. 229 A rationale of heroism was not likely to tell much on English minds. 1876 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (rev. ed.) 99 Where these facts are admitted,..the rationale usually appended is that their source is a diabolical one. 1939 Fortune Oct. 56/1 Greater Germany is smaller than the state of Texas, yet contains a population 68 per cent that of the entire U.S. This pressure of big population in small space has given the Nazis a rationale for territorial expansion into a greater Lebensraum. 1972 G. Bromley In Absence of Body ii. 24 We were working on the rationale for the OOO-Frooty presentation... The document giving the reasons for our recommendations. 2. The fundamental underlying reason for or rational basis of a thing.Frequently with of, for, and (more recently also) behind, and preceded by the. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [noun] > fundamental reason or logical basis reasona1425 rational1621 ratio1638 rationality1646 rationale1651 predicate1832 1651 Bp. J. Taylor Clerus Domini vi. 37 Therefore the Author of the bookes of Ecclesiasticall hierarchy, giving the rationale of the rites of Ordination, says that the Priest is made so..by way of proclaiming and publication of the person. 1688 Bp. S. Parker Reasons abrogating Test 124 This gives us the true Rationale of the Mosaick Law. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 752 I..give you my thoughts more fully concerning the rationale of that odd clause in the Jewish Law, where Moses tells the Israelites,..that These may ye eat,..the Beetle after his kind, and the Grashopper after his kind. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 309 They laid down the Rationale and Ground-Work that the Judgment of the Assize was founded upon. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §21. 36 A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and sure principles. 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 152 He sees the rationale of the whole system, its origin and its operation. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. xxv. §2 Such, I conceive, is the true theory or rationale of underselling. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 3 To discover the rationale of social progress is the ambition of this age. 1951 W. C. Williams Autobiogr. xlvii. 311 A class of men showed arresting interest in verse construction when I showed them something of its mechanics and explained the rationale governing my proposals. 1963 Times 11 Oct. 8/5 The rationale behind the use of an antiseptic for this purpose is that inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms in the water delays decomposition. 1992 Economist 11 Apr. 24/2 Most European governments, unwilling to admit that gambling is often just another form of entertainment, offer wonderfully implausible rationales for the versions of it that they permit. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ii. 48 Having discovered the wealth of hearsay evidence out there, this is probably the rationale for our own government's enthusiasm to abandon the rule against hearsay in the British court system. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹eOEn.²1580
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rationalen.1

rationalen.2

rationalen.¹

rationalen.²