putv.

Brit.

/pʊt/, U.S.

/pʊt/, Scottish English

/put/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle put;

Forms: 1. Old English pytan, Middle English puit, Middle English puite, Middle English puyt, Middle English puyte. OE Monasteriales Indicia (1996) lxxvii. 36 Gyf þe slana lyste, þonne sete þu eallswa þinne þuman and pyt mid þinum scytefingre in þine swynstran [read wynstran] hand on þornes getacnunge þe hi on weaxað.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Domitian A.viii) anno 796 Ceolwulf Myrcna cing..gefeng Eadberht Præn,..& let him pytan ut his eagan & ceorfan of his hand.c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 923 Þin almesse þu shalt forþ puite [rhyme luite].c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 527 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 598 Ȝif þou be mon of bodi strong..Puyt þi strengþe in-to prou.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vi. 100 And puiteþ [c1400 Trin. Cambr. pokiþ] forþ pruide to preisen þi-seluen.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. 42 Þei..Bringeþ forþ Ballede Resouns..And puyteþ [c1400 Trin. Cambr. putte] forþ presumpciun to preue þe soþe. 2. a. Present stem Middle English puthe, Middle English putthe (3rd singular indicative), Middle English pvtt, Middle English (1800s U.S. regional) pute, Middle English–1500s putte, Middle English– put, Middle English– putt; English regional 1800s puhr (Yorkshire, before a vowel), 1800s– poot (Yorkshire), 1800s– pu', 1800s– pur (northern and midlands, before a vowel); Scottish pre-1700 poutte, pre-1700 powt, pre-1700 powtteng (present participle), pre-1700 prit (transmission error), pre-1700 pute, pre-1700 putte, pre-1700 pwt, pre-1700 1700s– put, pre-1700 1700s– putt, pre-1700 1800s pout, pre-1700 1900s– puit. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 15 Hit wes þa laȝe þet ilke uuel þe ic dude þe, þu scoldest don me; þet wes..ȝif þu me puttest in þet eȝe, ic þin alswa.a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 488 Rennande cumeð a gungling, raðe to him luteð, his snute him under puteð. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xv. 13 That ony man putte his soule, that is, lyf, for his frendis.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 8763 Now makes assay to putte [a1450 Lamb. potte] þis stones doun, if ȝe may.c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 751 Thy lyff put in morgage.1528 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1895) XV. 584 Tak the rentall of Fyf fra the Arsdan and powt in thes berar and his wyf.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 12 Thay quhilk..pwtis noth al thair traist..in hime.1549 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 301 To help to ordour all thingis and puit your mynd to effet.1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 236 Thou indeed puttest me hard to it.1773 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 56 From his house we see the Potowmack, and a fine River putting from it.1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 265 An thou saw my billy Rwob putt, he wad send it till here.1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 120 He [sc. a goat] was a pawky, ill-contrived beast, and thought nothing of pouting and ‘lafting’ folk.1912 E. Ferber Where Car turns at 18th in Buttered Side Down xii. 212 He had played quarter-back every year from his freshman year, and he could putt the shot and cut classes with the best of 'em.1954 Forfar Disp. 5 Aug. Ee corner, the guide luit we see a wee hodie-hole far the king wiz wint tae puit somebody afore a banquet.1989 Independent (Nexis) 3 Oct. 40 He's a big strong boy... He puts himself about a lot, tackles hard and works hard. b. Past tense.

α. Middle English pudt, Middle English pute, Middle English–1500s putte, Middle English–1600s (1800s English regional) putt, Middle English– put, 1900s– pur (English regional (Yorkshire), before a vowel); Scottish pre-1700 pute, pre-1700 putt, pre-1700 pwt, pre-1700 pwte, pre-1700 1700s– put, 1800s– puit. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 200 Ach þis he put forð bifor þe heorte echnen.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9028 He smat hine..and þat sweord putte in his muð.?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 156 Sleiȝ he was and ful of witte Þat þis lore put in writte.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12292 A child þar kest a-noiþer don Vte of þe loft vnto þe grund..Þan seid maria, ‘leif sun, me sai Queþer þou put [a1400 Fairf. putte; a1400 Gött. pudt] barn or nai?’a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 29 And thei foldiden a coroun of thornes, and putten [c1384 Douce 369(2) puttiden] on his heed.1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) Y b Peleus and his neuewe putte hem to poynte in armes.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 101 The worthi Scottis..putt thar hors thaim fra.a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 1288 That lettyr away than pwte [a1500 Nero put] he qwyte; And sone ane othir than couth he wryte.1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil XII Aeneids viii. 315 Whereat he by and by Put forth his strength, and rous'd it from the root, And it remov'd.1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 17 They say she yance hed horns and put furiously.1832 Visit Shetland in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. (1914) VII. 152 Dan wis Saxe hungert and he puit his buidy o his back and a paikie o' tows i da other haand, and he gieng to da great haaf for fish.1897 Outing 30 176/1 The pair..glanced apprehensively at me, then they put for home like a tandem team.1977 Zigzag June 19/2 [The band] Television put down ten tracks in four nights with Eno.

β. Middle English puttede, Middle English puttid, Middle English puttide, Middle English puttyd, Middle English– putted; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– putted, pre-1700 1800s– puttit. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xvii. 25 Ich ne putted nouȝt hys riȝtwysnesse oway fram me. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke i. 66 Alle men that herden puttedyn in her herte.a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) 54 He to þe blynd has sent his sight And puttyd to lyfe [a1425 Galba raised] þat ded lay.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor 486 To a certein book which y haue mad, y puttid this name.?1517 Frederyke of Jennen (de Worde) Than putted he in his hostes hande other .v. thousande guldens.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Acts xxviii. 10 Quhilkis..puttit [1388 Wyclif puttiden] quhat thingis war necessarie.a1586 Lindsay MS f. 69, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) He..that puttit his fair wyff in the keping of ane ȝoung knycht tratour.a1617 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1827) 21 Bot I grew red when the capten putted vpon me to tell this taill to the constable.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iv When thou ran, or wrestled, or putted the stane [1726 (ed. 2) didst..putt the Stane].a1826 J. Burness Garron Ha' (1887) 37 His horse took fleg at a raised stot..An' ran an' puttit a' he saw.1905 A. S. Cunningham Rambles in Scoonie & Wemyss 256 The coals are putted by females.1938 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 10 Apr. (Sports section) 4/8 Erwin of T. C. U. copped one first place for the Frogs when he putted the shot 47 feet, 4 inches.

c. Past participle.

α. Middle English eput, Middle English iput, Middle English iputte, Middle English jput, Middle English pud, Middle English pute, Middle English pvt, Middle English pwt, Middle English yput, Middle English yputt, Middle English yputte, Middle English–1600s putt, Middle English–1600s putte, Middle English– put; English regional 1800s– pur (northern, before a vowel), 1800s– putt; Scottish pre-1700 pout, pre-1700 powt, pre-1700 puit, pre-1700 pute, pre-1700 putt, pre-1700 putte, pre-1700 pwt, pre-1700 pwte, pre-1700 1700s– put. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 578 Ah he forgulte him anan, þurh þe eggunge of eue, & wes iput sone ut of paraise selhðen. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 9 His feet þat he hadde with i-putte [v.r. y-put] seint Odo his tombe.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1258 We war put o paradis.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 207 Þere þe pore is put bihynde [c1400 C text xvii. 50 yput, v.r. putte].a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6135 To be putt til pastur strayt.1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 Putte oute, expulsus.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 18 As touchynge this that is putte on my moder.1509 in J. Robertson & C. Innes Munimenta Univ. Glasguensis (1854) I. 46 To the quhilk I haif pwt to mye litill syng and subscriptione manuall to warefye sammyne.1581 in J. Maidment et al. Nugae Scoticae (1829) 36 And for thait cauis I vais puit in prison.1606 G. W. tr. Epit. Liues Emperors in tr. Justinus Hist. sig. Gg 4 His corpes was..putte into the sepulchre.a1657 W. Mure Sonn. xii, in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 58 Thy epitaph sall then be putt in prent.1760 S. Foote Minor iii. 90 Bread, greens, potatoes, and a leg of mutton, A better sure, a table ne'er was put on.1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship I. xii. 288 We might have put the royals on her.1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley ii. ii Terble hard putt to they be to beat out the time.1989 E. Mashinini Strikes have followed Me viii. 75 Somebody must have put this or that idea into my head.

β. Middle English iputtet, late Middle English putet, late Middle English putted, late Middle English puttid, late Middle English puttyd. c1300 All Souls (Laud) l. 221 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 426 Anne Man..In a-manere dich fel and lay, and þe roche a-boue him was, So þat he ne miȝhte of þe stude, ase i-putted he lay þere.a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 2055 Þus sal þai..And be putted til endeles pyne.c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 3079 The folk..into the lake hadde puttid Daniel.1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) vi. ii. sig. miii/2 He is putet [v. rr. iput, iputte, put] asyde and buryed.

3. a. Present stem Middle English pite, Middle English pitt, Middle English pyt, Middle English pyth (3rd singular indicative), Middle English pytt, Middle English pytte, Middle English 1600s pitte, Middle English (1800s– English regional (northern and U.S. regional (chiefly in African-American usage)) pit; Scottish pre-1700 pitthinge (present participle), pre-1700 1700s pitt, pre-1700 1700s– pit, pre-1700 1800s– pet; Irish English (Wexford) 1800s pidh, 1800s pit. c1400 (?c1280) Old Test. Hist. in F. J. Furnivall Adam Davy's 5 Dreams (1878) 88 Elisee bad hire take þerof & in vche vessel it pite.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke xii. 25 Who of ȝou..may put to [c1384 Douce 369(2) adde; v.r. pitt; L. adiicere] o cubit to his stature?a1450 R. Spaldyng Katereyn in Anglia (1907) 30 540 He..Soche poyntes hem pyth þan, To her lore þei lepe.a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 33 In erþyne pot þou shalt hit pyt [rhyme hit].1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. I. viij Pitting sic men in thair kallendar for sanctes.a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 34 Hammer to pitte the strickle with to make it keepe.1786 R. Burns Poems 13 What poor cot-folk pit their painch in.1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. ix. 191 If we dinna pit hand till't oursel.1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. i. 3 I jist dinna like to pit the lid ower him.1922 A. E. Gonzales Black Border 273 'E binnuh cook supper, en' 'e gone to de shelf fuh git salt fuh pit een de hom'ny.2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 22 Let me pit it anither wey. Dae you no ken me fae somewhere? b. Past tense.

α. Middle English pett, Middle English pit, Middle English pitt, Middle English pitte, Middle English pyt, Middle English pytt, Middle English pytte, 1900s– pit (Scottish). c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5256 Out of his sadel he him pett, And Agreuein tok þat destrer And fleiȝe þeron so a speruer. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 2796 He pitte forth his hond Upon my body, wher I lay.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxx. l.341 The Swerd Into the Schethe he pytte [rhyme Itte].1902 R. C. Maclagan Evil Eye 173 The next mornin' whan Neil gaed intae the byre the calf was lyin' deed in the greep (byre gutter). That pit Neil frae gaun near Mattie or the like o' her ever after.

β. Scottish pre-1700 1700s pate, pre-1700 1700s–1800s patt, pre-1700 1700s– pat, 1700s pait (Orkney), 1900s– paat; English regional (northern) 1800s– pat. 1500 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 196 And thow baid him keip secreit sic thingis as thow patt to his charge.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 48 The halie spreit..the quilk..pat in thaime the luiff of god.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Ded. 4 The duc of guise..pat ane garnison of tua thousand men, vitht in the toune of sanct quintyne.c1650 in Sir R. Gordon Hist. Earls of Sutherland (1813) 242 The messingers..pat them all in such a fray.1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook vi, in Poems (new ed.) 57 Something..That pat me in an eerie swither.1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Pat,..did put.a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 20 She paat the awfihest skairgeen o' butter on o' ma peece.1952 R. T. Johnston Stenwick Days (1984) 33 Id's a winder they pat her in a picture, for thoo could herdly see her side on.

c. Past participle.

α. Middle English ipit, Middle English pett, Middle English pitt, Middle English pyt, Middle English pytt, Middle English pytte, Middle English ypitte, Middle English (1800s Irish English (Wexford)) pit; Scottish pre-1700 pet, pre-1700 1800s– pit. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xii. 19 Thou hast many goodis kept [v.r. pit vp].c1390 (c1350) Proprium Sanctorum in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1888) 81 304 But of þe chalys he dronk a fit whon he in to þe tonne was pit.a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 268 Hou þi fairnisse is bi-spit, Hou þi swetnisse is i-betin and ipit.c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7489 Many is þe riche londe Þou hast y-wonne to þine honde, On þee hij ben wel bysett, For þou art ful of þewes pett. ▸ ?1440 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 1119 With brymstoon resolute ypitte [rhyme slitte].1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 128 Ane masoun in Faukland that wes pit fra the werk.1564–7 Canongate Kirk Session (1961) 74 Villiam Enys for marying at the mes pet furth of the kirk.1622 in H. Paton Suppl. Rep. MSS Earl of Mar & Kellie (1930) 136 Sume matter of great moment is pit to the hazarde.1899 E. F. Heddle Marget at Manse 45 I'd a wee siller pit awa.1981 C. F. Middleton Dance in Village 12 Expensive alterations were pit in han'.

β. Middle English puttyn (in a late copy), 1600s (1900s– U.S. regional) putten, 1900s– puttened; English regional (northern) 1800s puttan, 1800s– putten; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– putten, pre-1700 1800s puttin, 1800s petten, 1800s pittin (Orkney), 1800s pitt'n, 1800s– pitten, 1800s– potten, 1800s– puiten. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11434 Braunches..of bright Olyue..puttyn O lofte.?a1700 Edom o' Gordon iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 430 She had nae sooner busket her sell Nor putten on her gown.1804 R. Anderson et al. Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 113 A chubby-feac'd angel o' top on't they've putten.1827 T. Wilson Pitman's Pay i. 52 (Northumbld. Gloss.) Aa've hewed and putten twee and twenty.1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Putten, put or placed.1881 J. Sargisson Joe Scoap's Jurneh 8 T'oald man hed puttan on gaily fast.1929 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. IX. 81 Whin dey hed pittin ower a' da whiskey, an' waar a' croos.1996 S. Blackhall Wittgenstein's Web 35 A bigger ootlaw than aa the McGregors pitten thegither!

γ. Scottish pre-1700 path, 1800s pat; English regional (Northumberland) 1800s– pat. 1689 in F. C. Moncreiff & W. Moncreiffe Moncreiffs & Moncreiffes (1929) 109 His head and arm path wp on the castell gawill port.1870 J. P. Robson Evangeline 237 Aw hae pat off the coat.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item.

Etymology: Probably partly the reflex of an unattested Old English weak verb of the second class, either *pūtian , a doublet form of pȳtan (compare below), or *putian , a doublet form of potian (see pote v.; apparently a cognate of pȳtan); and partly the reflex of Old English pȳtan, a weak verb of the first class. Further etymology unknown (compare discussion below).The existence of a verb *pūtian or *putian is implied by the derivative Old English pūtung or putung (see putting n.¹). Regular phonological development of Old English *pūtian would give Middle English pūten ; compare the forms at Forms 2. Old English *putian would probably have given in northern dialects Middle English *pōten , with close ō , as a result of Open Syllable Lengthening; in southern dialects, poten could also have occurred as a spelling for puten , especially in later Middle English. However, such forms would be indistinguishable from the reflex of pote v., and all such forms have been placed at that entry. The modern form put with short vowel probably results from generalization of the short vowel of the past tense and past participle. (If the original form was *pūtian , the past tense and past participle would either show trisyllabic shortening or shortening before the doubled consonant in syncopated forms.) Old English pȳtan apparently gave rise to the forms at Forms 1 and Forms 3, the short vowel in infinitive and present tense forms at Forms 3 probably again arising from generalization of the vowel of the past tense and past participle. However, the forms of the past tense and past participle at Forms 3 also show, alongside expected pitte , etc., the development of a strong verb paradigm, present tense pit , past tense pat , past participle putten or pitten (compare the northern inflection of hit v., hit , hat , hutten or hitten ). The marked (weak) past form putted survives late in Scots in senses 1 and 4 (and in golfing use has spread into more general use: see putt v.). This is thus quite distinct in Scots from pit , pat , putten , as well as from general English put , put , put . A present tense form putt (usually with a pronunciation /pʌt/) is also sometimes found in sense 4 (as well as being the usual form in golfing use: see putt v.); this form is also found in a wider range of senses in Scots and in some other British and U.S. regional varieties. In Old English the prefixed form apȳtan to put out (in ūt apȳtan to gouge out (an eye); compare to put out 1 at Phrasal verbs 1) is also attested (compare a- prefix¹ ). Further etymology unknown. Perhaps compare early modern Danish, Danish putte to put, put in, Swedish putta (in regional use also pötta , potta ) to strike, knock, or push gently, (regional) to put out of the way or conceal, to put away. Welsh pwtio (17th cent.) and Scottish Gaelic put , both in sense ‘to push, thrust’, are < English. There is considerable semantic similarity with pilt v., but any etymological connection is very unlikely on formal grounds. In sense 1c there is overlap in sense with butt v.¹, but there is no etymological connection between the two words. In the senses at branch IV. apparently after senses of classical Latin pōnere to put, place (see ponent n.). In sense 36 after post-classical Latin animam suam ponere pro… (Vulgate).

I. Senses in which the application of force is expressed, or more or less implied.

a. intransitive. To push, poke, knock, or strike (at, on, etc.); to deliver a thrust or blow; to nudge at. Now rare (Scottish in later use). Sc. National Dict. (1968) at putt v. records this sense as still in use in Orkney and Caithness in 1967.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push

pilta1200

beara1500

put1504

hunch1581

boke1601

nudge1809

OE Monasteriales Indicia (1996) lxxvii. 36 Gyf þe slana lyste, þonne sete þu eallswa þinne þuman and pyt mid þinum scytefingre in þine swynstran [read wynstran] hand on þornes getacnunge þe hi on weaxað.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xlvi. 12 Þe stronge man putte [L. impegit] aȝen þe stronge man, & boþe togidere fellen.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 68^v When þe body is þus maad and I-schape..þan it fongiþ soule and lif & bigynneþ to meue it self..& puttiþ [L. calcitrare] with feet & hondes.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 8772 Whan alle þe had put & þrist,..ȝit stired þei not þe lest ston.

?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 3158 (MED) Þe knyght, þat wist noght what he wroght, Putted fast and spared noght; Þe schere spere sone glyde he gert Vnder þe Papp to Ihesu hert.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6250 (MED) With his croche on him he putt And strake þar with.

1504 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 212 [Men on boats] with hookes & sparris of iron..puttith at the seid Brigge & greetly Fretith lowsith..& castyth downe the stones.

a1525 Talis Fyve Bestes l. 223, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 134 With þat dame coppok putis on hir' maike.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 9036 Thay put and showit with all thare micht.

c1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 436 He sent one who, putting on me, awakened me.

a1658 J. Durham Clavis Cantici (1668) 255 Now she sleeps, and when put at, will not rise, but shifts.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 371 You putt at the Cart that's ay ganging.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 38 (Jam.) I putted o' you for to set you free.

1908 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. I. viii. 318 I hoop wir Chairman 'ill putt api' me an' I'se stow withoot takan the trilcya.

b. transitive. To thrust, poke, or push at (with or without a resulting change of position); to shove; to strike. Now rare (Scottish in later use).Instances with explicit contextual indication of the direction in which force is applied, in which the implication of thrusting or pushing may have survived in general use later than 1500, are placed at sense 11.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push to

poteOE

puta1225

duncha1250

wag1377

pusha1450

jut1565

jog1589

stir1590

jolt1611

hunch1659

shtup1987

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 15 (MED) Hit wes þe laȝe þet ilke uuel þe ic dude þe, þu scoldest don me; þet wes..ȝif þu me puttest in þet eȝe, ic þin alswa.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15364 Þe an hine putte hider-ward, and þe oðer hine putte ȝeond-ward.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 9 He wrapped his feet þat he hadde with i-putte seint Odo his tombe.

c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 338 Ȝif eny mon a-gult aȝeynes þe, Smyteþ or elles puiteþ þe.

1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 417/2 Puttyn, or schowwyn,..impello, trudo, pello.

c1450 (?c1300) Northern Passion (BL Add.) 174 (MED) He putt Ihesu with his hande & saide, ‘traytoure ga forthe; here sall þou not stande.’

a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 25^v (MED) Than makythe it Apostume..it is whit and nesshe so, if þou puttist [L. impresseris] it with thi fyngur, thowe shalt make a pyt.

1961 ‘Castlegreen’ Tatties an' Herreen' 4 Wi' Cheordie edgan' doon 'e rod..Puttan' 'im wi' ids slimy han' an' preegan' wi'm for more!

c. transitive and intransitive. To butt with the head or horns. Now English regional (northern) and Scottish. Sc. National Dict. (1968) at putt v. records this sense as still in use in northern Scotland in 1967.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > thrust or gore with horn

putc1450

gore?1530

burt?1567

butt1590

horn1599

push1611

hipe1669

engage1694

sticka1896

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (intransitive)] > with the head

put1513

butt1579

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 10 (MED) J trowe j shulde putte and hurtle the yuel folk with myne hornes.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 91 The beste..Can allreddy wyth hornis fuyn and put.

?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxxi^v The bestes with theyr hornes wyll put both the horses and the shepe, and gore them in theyr bellyes.

1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S.) 12 Whaugh, Mother, how she rowts! Ise varra Arfe, Shee'l put, and rive my good Prunella Scarfe.

1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 17 They say she yance hed horns and put furiously.

1788 J. Macaulay Poems Var. Subj. 119 For tho' a daintier beast was never shorn, He winna stan' to put you wi' his horn.

a1826 J. Burness Garron Ha' (1887) 37 His horse took fleg at a raised stot..An' ran an' puttit a' he saw.

1894 J. B. Salmond My Man Sandy (rev. ed.) i. 14 [He] set forrit his heid like's he was gaen awa' to putt somebody.

1896 J. M. Barrie Sentimental Tommy 99 She putted with her head at Mrs. Sandys and hugged her.

1903 I. Wilkinson in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 658/2 [N. Yorkshire] Put [to butt or push with the horns].

†2. figurative and in extended use.

a. transitive. To urge, incite; to instigate. Cf. sense 16a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

OE [implied in: tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) l. 275 Hation [þa ealdras] þæt þurh deofles putunge [L. instinctu diaboli] wæs anbelæd, and lufian þæt þurh godes godnysse gesceapon wæs. (at putting n.¹ 1a)].

b. intransitive. To make a push; to exert oneself; to strive for a specified goal. Also in to put for it: to make an effort. Cf. push v. 10a. Obsolete.In quot. 1624 figurative: to argue, constitute a case for.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to obtain or attain

to found toOE

keepc1000

seekc1000

throwa1393

minta1400

intentc1450

to try for1534

sue1548

attempt?c1550

reachc1571

assay1595

put1596

to lay in for1599

climba1616

captate1628

court1639

obseek1646

solicit1717

to make a bid for1885

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)]

tillc897

stightlea1375

stretcha1375

wrestlea1382

to put it forthc1390

to put one's hand(s) to (also unto)a1398

paina1400

takea1400

to do one's busy pain (also care, cure, diligence)?a1430

to make great force?c1450

makec1485

to stir one's stumpsa1500

to bestir one's stumps1549

to make work1574

put1596

bestira1616

operate1650

to lay out1659

to be at pains1709

exerta1749

tew1787

maul1821

to take (the) trouble1830

to pull outc1835

bother1840

trouble1880

to buck up1890

hump1897

to go somea1911

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > be proof of

provea1200

showa1325

declarec1400

verifyc1430

givec1449

persuadea1525

arguea1538

demonstrate1572

argue1585

put1596

evidence1611

evident1643

to make out1795

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. 53 Let them..looke after it, or the Man in the Moone put for it.

?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 209 There was a guard Maintaind vpon it [sc. the gate]..who still put for it hard.

1619 M. Drayton Legend Robert Dvke of Normandy in Poems (new ed.) 327 Henry againe doth hotly put for all.

1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? vi. 52 It would put for Hebrew, or Syriacke, their mother tongue.

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. i. 24 in Wks. II Stay i' your place..and put not Beyond the spheare of your actiuity.

1676 C. Hatton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 122 Some of my L^d Treasurer's creatures..put for S^r. John Ernley['s] place, as commissioner of y^e Navy.

1739 Encour. Sea-f. People 39 The Superbe putting for it to lay the Admiral aboard, fell on his Weather Quarter.

a. transitive. To drive or plunge (a weapon or sharp object) †home, or in or into something or someone; to fire or propel (a missile) in, into, or through.Later examples are more usually interpreted as (sometimes euphemistic) uses of sense 11a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with pointed weapon > thrust a pointed weapon

putc1275

shovec1275

rivec1330

stickc1390

stub1576

haft1582

uphilt1582

gar1587

embosom1590

emboss1590

flesh1590

imbrue1590

stabc1610

scour1613

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9028 He smat hine..and þat sweord putte in his muð.

a1325 St. Patrick (Corpus Cambr.) 315 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 96 (MED) Somme honge bi stronge oules iput [c1300 Laud I-pulte] in eiþer eiȝe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 16838 Þe iewes made him þourȝe his side to put hit [sc. a spear] sone anone.

a1500 (?a1400) Firumbras (1935) 596 (MED) Lo, here ys the spere and the nayles also That longes pyt in hys hert.

1590 Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. IV. 486 Threitnyt to put twa bullettis throw his heid.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. i. 2 Weare thy good Rapier bare, and put it home.

1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin , in Titus & Berenice iii. i. 58 If I do lay my Eyes upon him, gad I will put my Sword into his Bowels.

1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical v. 51 Mistresses, as a Man would desire to put his Knife into.

1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. xi. 86 I once put a Knife into a Cull myself.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liv. 484 I hope to put a bullet into the man whom that belongs to.

1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella II. ii. v. 5 If Westall bullies him any more he will put a knife into him.

1930 W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 236 One of them black eyed ones that look like she'd as soon put a knife in you as not if you two-timed her.

1986 Armed Forces Aug. 366/2 The rifle was able to put 10 rounds into a target area 38cm by 40cm.

2004 Village Voice (N.Y.) 24 Nov. 24/3 If he moves, you put a bullet in the brain.

†b. transitive. figurative. With home. To cause (a remark, question, etc.) to have its intended effect; to make a penetrating or cutting observation about (something); to deliver (a verbal thrust). In later use esp. in to put it home to (a person). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [verb (transitive)] > reproach with

upbraida1250

undernimc1320

to lay to one's credit, reproachc1515

to cast (a thing) in one's teeth1526

to twit (a person) in the teeth1530

to hit (one) in the teeth with1535

to cast (also lay, throw) (something) in one's dish1551

to fling (anything) in one's teeth1587

to throw (thrust, fling, (etc.)) (something) in a person's face1597

to tit (a person) in the teeth1622

nose1625

exprobrate1630

puta1663

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epitome sig. F^v Your 2. reason..is put home I trow, and ouerthroweth the puritans out of all cesse.

1605 B. Jonson Sejanus ii. i. 344 That trick was well put home, and had succeeded too, But that [etc.] .

a1663 R. Sanderson Ad Clerum (1670) 3 Their Hypocrisie he putteth home to them.

1693 T. D'Urfey Richmond Heiress iii. i. 29 I'll go and prepare her once more for my Son, and put the Case home to her, and her Ingratitude.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 280 I should..find an Opportunity to put it home to them.

1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal II. i. iii. 26 At first I imagined she might have been only in jest,..but when I went out with her into the next parlour, and put it home to her, she still persisted in it.

1791 J. Reynolds Let. 17 Dec. in A. Hamilton Observ. Certain Documents (1800) App. p. xiv Put that home to yourself and tell me what you would do in such a case.

1845 B. Barton Househ. Verses 221 The questions myself then put to myself, With their answers, I give to thee. Put them home to thyself.

1885 H. M. Milner Turpin's Ride to York ii. vi. 10 Since you put it home to me, I can no longer conceal it.

1909 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 14 Dec. When you meet your millionaire Methodists everywhere, put it home to them.

a. transitive. To propel (a heavy stone or weight) as an athletic exercise or sporting endeavour, (now properly) from a hand tucked between shoulder and neck, the force for the throw being generated mainly by the swing of the body. Now chiefly in to put the shot (see shot n.¹ 14c).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > contend in athletics [verb (intransitive)] > throw weight, shot, etc.

to cast, put, or throw the stonec1300

putc1300

to pitch the bar1600

to put the shot1884

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1044 (MED) Neuere yete ne saw he or Putten the stone.

c1440 (a1350) Sir Isumbras (Thornton) (1844) 606 (MED) Knyghtes went to put the stane.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Bii They haue made me here to put the stone.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais in Wks. (1737) I. i. xxiiii. 223 He did cast the dart, throw the bar, put the stone.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iv When thou ran, or wrestled, or putted the stane [1726 (ed. 2) didst..putt the Stane].

1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acc. Scotl. XI. xx. 287 The dance and the song, with shinty and putting the stone, are their chief amusements.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xiv. 341 Auld Edie, that kens the rule of a' country games better than ony man that ever drave a bowl, or threw an axle-tree, or putted a stane.

1818 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 257 Danced wi' lightsome heart, or pat the stane.

1834 J. S. Knowles Beggar of Bethnal-Green i. ii. 12 At quoits I'm famous for a ringer! And then I'll put the stone with any one.

1884 H. C. Bunner in Harper's Mag. Jan. 304/1 The Scottish-Americans will teach you to put the shot.

1889 Boy's Own Paper 7 Sept. 780/1 The same plan can be adopted for both putting the weight and the broad jump.

1912 E. Ferber Where Car turns at 18th in Buttered Side Down xii. 212 He had played quarter-back every year from his freshman year, and he could putt the shot and cut classes with the best of 'em.

1938 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 10 Apr. (Sports section) 4/8 Erwin of T. C. U. copped one first place for the Frogs when he putted the shot 47 feet, 4 inches.

1950 Oxf. Junior Encycl. IX. 35/1 This department of athletic sports includes..Putting the Weight, and Throwing the Discus, the Javelin, and the Hammer.

1961 I. F. Grant Folk Ways 347 The contest of putting the stone as carried out at modern Highland Games consists of putting (not throwing, the competitor's hand may not be put back farther than his elbow) a stone of 16–23 lb. as far as the competitor can.

1991 Sports Illustr. 24 June 88/2 Dumble..set a women's Pac-10 record by putting the shot 56' 7½'' at the..track and field championships.

†b. intransitive in same sense. Also to put at (also with) the stone. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > contend in athletics [verb (intransitive)] > throw weight, shot, etc.

to cast, put, or throw the stonec1300

putc1300

to pitch the bar1600

to put the shot1884

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1031 (MED) Þe ston was mikel..Þerwit putten the chaunpiouns..Hwo so mithe putten þore Biforn a-noþer an inch or more..He was for a kempe told.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) i. 763 (MED) In that same place were a-sayde iche oon As weel in wrestlyng as puttyng at the stoon.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iv. 14 To leape, to daunce, & to put at y^e stone.

1802 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 64 O it fell anes, upon a time, They putted at the stane.

1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 265 ‘Thou's naething of a putter,’ said Meg..‘an thou saw my billy Rwob putt, he wad send it till here.’

1909 N.E.D. at Put, Putt v.² Sc. Let's try who can putt farthest!

†5.

a. transitive. To drive, force; to expel, send away from by force or command. to put again: to drive back, repel. Obsolete.See also to put out of —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2, to put out 3 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel

recoil?c1225

to turn againc1330

to put awayc1350

rebukec1380

to put abacka1382

to put againa1382

again-puta1400

rebut?a1425

repeal?a1425

retroylc1425

rebatea1475

repel?a1475

repulse?a1475

to put backa1500

refel1548

revert1575

rembar1588

to beat back1593

rebeat1595

reject1603

repress1623

rambarrea1630

stave1631

refringe1692

slap-back1931

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > send (a person)

sendc950

commandc1410

summonc1460

putc1540

order1649

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xiii. 13 Be thou not to gredi, lest thou be put aȝeen [a1425 L.V. hurtlid doun; L. impingaris].

?a1439 J. Lydgate tr. Fall of Princes (Bodl.) iii. 4482 (heading) How Enagora kyng of Cipre was bi Artaxerses outraied and put from his kyngdam.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 17 (MED) This Adrian tamede the Iewes, beenge rebellous, puttenge theym from Ierusalem.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 355 And how at thai war put agane And part of thair gud men wes slane.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lx. 210 He hath..chasyd & put fro him all noble men.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1796 Fro Priam full prist put am I hider As a messynger.

1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 6 Men and cattell (that haue put trees thence, from out of Plaines to void corners) are better then trees.

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James IV in Wks. (1711) 67 Kings should repossess Kings wrongfully put from their own.

1740 Johnson's Hist. Seven Champions Christendom (new ed.) ix. 158 They came unto the Fountain, and proffered to take of the Water; but all in vain, for they were..put from it by this devilish Company.

b. transitive. Nautical. Of the wind or a storm: to drive or cast (a vessel) in a specified direction. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > drive (of weather, etc.)

put1511

to put in?1614

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xlv^v The wynde fell somwhat mete to put vs with helpe and Crafte of Marynage from the shore.

1569 J. Hawkins 2nd Voy. (1878) III. 515 The ordinary Brise taking us,..put us, the 24th [June] from the shoare.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 20 Certaine Troyans which..were by winds put with the Thvscane shore.

1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. B2^v Nay, then we are put from shore.

1630 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 17 By that means we made no way, the sea beating us back as much as the wind put us forward.

1716 Boston News-let. 24 Sept. 2/2 Whereas Capt. Nash from the Bay of Campeche Anchored on Monday the 24 of September on the back of Cape Cod, and by stress of Weather was put from his Anchors and Cables.

1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 229 One..on her voyage was put ashore at Black Sod.

†a.

(a) transitive. Of a plant: to send out (roots). Cf. to put forth 6a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 12b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xii. 2 Þou hast plauntid hem, & roote þei putten [a1425 L.V. senten; L. miserunt].

†(b) intransitive. Of a plant: to send out shoots or roots; to sprout, bud; to grow. Cf. to put forth 6a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 12c at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete (English regional (northern) in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

spriteOE

wrideOE

brodc1175

comea1225

spirec1325

chicka1400

sprouta1400

germin?1440

germ1483

chip?a1500

spurgea1500

to put forth1530

shootc1560

spear1570

stock1574

chit1601

breward1609

pullulate1618

ysproutc1620

egerminate1623

put1623

germinate1626

sprent1647

fruticate1657

stalk1666

tiller1677

breerc1700

fork1707

to put out1731

stool1770

sucker1802

stir1843

push1855

braird1865

fibre1869

flush1877

1623 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (new ed.) 29 Some [graffes]..keeping proud and greene, will not put till the second yeare.

a1626 F. Bacon Sylva Sylvarum (1627) §653 The roots of trees do some of them put downwards deep into the ground.

1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 367 The one arm..still shows life, and puts into leaf, and produces acorns.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Put, to vegetate, as when a plant begins to show the first sign of buds. ‘Aa see its aall reet; it's puttin’.

†b. intransitive. Of sap: to flow. Cf. to put up 3c at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > plant substances > be or have plant substance [verb (intransitive)] > flow (of sap)

put1615

1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden 37 Where you take any thing away, the sap the next summer will be putting.

a1626 F. Bacon Sylva Sylvarum (1627) §616 In the fibrous [roots], the sap delighteth more in the earth, and therefore putteth down~ward.

c. intransitive. U.S. Of a river, stream, etc.: to extend into a tract of land; to flow in (also into, from) a larger body of water. Also: (of land) to extend into a body of water. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)]

runeOE

flowa1000

fleetc1175

stretchc1275

slide1390

fleamc1465

pour1538

slip1596

streek1598

strain1612

put1670

rindle1863

slosha1953

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > flow (of river) [verb (intransitive)]

flowa1000

roil?c1400

resorta1552

rill1621

relate1653

put1670

toddle1773

vent1784

tail1889

1670 D. Denton Brief Descr. N.-Y. 5 There is several Navigable Rivers and Bays, which puts into the North-side of Long-Island.

1773 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 56 From his house we see the Potowmack, and a fine River putting from it.

1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 172 A small river which puts into a large bay on the south side of the Columbia.

1830 J. McCall in Wisconsin Hist. Coll. (1872) XII. 186 The land here puts into the river in high bluffs.

1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West 737 On a stream known as Quaking Asp River, putting in on the north side of the Missouri..we were overtaken by a terrific snow-storm.

1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy 347 The trail on leaving the river led up Many Berries, one of the tributaries of the Yellowstone putting in from the north side.

1952 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 20 Apr. 18/2 My 72-year-old pappy..and I had an exciting session with so-called ‘striped bass’ in Clinch river near where it puts into Norris Lake in Tennessee.

†a. intransitive. To proceed, pass, make one's way. (In quot. a1382 transitive (reflexive) in same sense.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]

nimeOE

becomec885

teec888

goeOE

i-goc900

lithec900

wendeOE

i-farec950

yongc950

to wend one's streetOE

fare971

i-wende971

shakeOE

winda1000

meteOE

wendOE

strikec1175

seekc1200

wevec1200

drawa1225

stira1225

glidea1275

kenc1275

movec1275

teemc1275

tightc1275

till1297

chevec1300

strake13..

travelc1300

choosec1320

to choose one's gatea1325

journeyc1330

reachc1330

repairc1330

wisec1330

cairc1340

covera1375

dressa1375

passa1375

tenda1375

puta1382

proceedc1392

doa1400

fanda1400

haunta1400

snya1400

take?a1400

thrilla1400

trace?a1400

trinea1400

fangc1400

to make (also have) resortc1425

to make one's repair (to)c1425

resort1429

ayrec1440

havea1450

speer?c1450

rokec1475

wina1500

hent1508

persevere?1521

pursuec1540

rechec1540

yede1563

bing1567

march1568

to go one's ways1581

groyl1582

yode1587

sally1590

track1590

way1596

frame1609

trickle1629

recur1654

wag1684

fadge1694

haul1802

hike1809

to get around1849

riddle1856

bat1867

biff1923

truck1925

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out

forthfarec888

foundOE

seta1000

to go forthOE

to fare forthc1200

partc1230

to pass forthc1325

to take (the) gatec1330

to take the wayc1330

to take one's waya1375

puta1382

treunt?a1400

movec1400

depart1490

prepare?1518

to set forth1530

to set forward(s)1530

busklea1535

to make out1558

to take forth1568

to set out1583

sally1590

start1591

to go off1600

to put forth1604

to start outa1626

intend1646

to take the road1720

to take one's foot in one's hand1755

to set off1774

to get off1778

to set away1817

to take out1855

to haul out1866

to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873

to hit, split or take the breeze1910

hop1922

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Tob. vii. 6 Raguel putte hymself [L. misit se] & with teris kiste hym.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diiii Foly hath a rome I say in euery route To put where he lyst foly hath fre chace.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 8987 Deffibus drogh furth with his..pepull; Then Paris with prise put next after.

b. intransitive. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). To leave in haste, make off, ‘scram’. Frequently with for. See also to put off 8b at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 11b at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away suddenly or hastily

fleec825

runOE

swervea1225

biwevec1275

skip1338

streekc1380

warpa1400

yerna1400

smoltc1400

stepc1460

to flee (one's) touch?1515

skirr1548

rubc1550

to make awaya1566

lope1575

scuddle1577

scoura1592

to take the start1600

to walk off1604

to break awaya1616

to make off1652

to fly off1667

scuttle1681

whew1684

scamper1687

whistle off1689

brush1699

to buy a brush1699

to take (its, etc.) wing1704

decamp1751

to take (a) French leave1751

morris1765

to rush off1794

to hop the twig1797

to run along1803

scoot1805

to take off1815

speela1818

to cut (also make, take) one's lucky1821

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

absquatulize1829

mosey1829

absquatulate1830

put1834

streak1834

vamoose1834

to put out1835

cut1836

stump it1841

scratch1843

scarper1846

to vamoose the ranch1847

hook1851

shoo1851

slide1859

to cut and run1861

get1861

skedaddle1862

bolt1864

cheese it1866

to do a bunkc1870

to wake snakes1872

bunk1877

nit1882

to pull one's freight1884

fooster1892

to get the (also to) hell out (of)1892

smoke1893

mooch1899

to fly the coop1901

skyhoot1901

shemozzle1902

to light a shuck1905

to beat it1906

pooter1907

to take a run-out powder1909

blow1912

to buzz off1914

to hop it1914

skate1915

beetle1919

scram1928

amscray1931

boogie1940

skidoo1949

bug1950

do a flit1952

to do a scarper1958

to hit, split or take the breeze1959

to do a runner1980

to be (also get, go) ghost1986

1834 H. Evans Jrnl. 2 Aug. in Chron. Oklahoma (1925) III. 208 With whip & spur puts after her over the plains for miles.

1839 F. Marryat Diary in Amer. II. 231 Clear out, quit, and put—all mean ‘be off’. ‘Captain, now, you hush or put.’

1847 Wisconsin Herald 30 Oct. ‘I crept out from under the house.’ ‘And put for home?’ inquired Fink. ‘Made a straight shirt tail for my cabin.’

1850 Spirit of Times 26 Jan. 581/2 He hollered up his puppies, an' put!

1857 J. G. Holland Bay-path xxxi. 379 I locked them into the cabin the next morning, and put for the neighbors.

1902 H. G. Rowe Maid of Bar Harbor (1904) 55 Put,—you sauce box!

1915 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 14 Jan. He's headed in the direction of the Woods place... Well, I've got to put after him.

1945 Chicago Tribune 13 Jan. 10/2 Whenever the navy tried to carry its share of the undertaking it was badly mauled and put for home and mother with its battered remnants.

1988 T. K. Pratt Dict. Prince Edward Island Eng. 118/2 When my grandmother caught me stealing apples, I put.

†8. transitive. To extend, stretch out (the hand). Cf. to put forth 1b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body

reacheOE

stretcha1000

to-spreada1000

warpa1225

spreada1275

putc1390

straightc1400

to lay forthc1420

outstretcha1425

tillc1540

extend1611

to rax out1622

to stick out1663

overreach1890

c1390 (?a1300) Stations of Rome (Vernon) (1867) i. l. 219 (MED) Put þin hond with almes dede, And þou schalt haue þer gret mede To helpe hem þat ben þere.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1807 (MED) And as he wolde have take hire nyh, Sche put hire hand and be his leve Besoghte him that he wolde leve.

†a. transitive (reflexive). With to (also into, in) (the) sea (formerly †to sail) as complement: to embark on a voyage, set sail. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (reflexive)] > take one's course

put?a1425

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 177 (MED) Þei wolden putten hem [Fr. se meissent] in to þat see.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 36 Thai put thame jn the see, and thocht to passe jn lombardye.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 441 In hy thai put thame to the se, And rowit fast with all thare mayn.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 35 (MED) He Put hym to sayle and had good wynd.

1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 16 They put themselues to sea, and with so slender victualles, that the end of their enterprise became vnlucky and vnfortunate.

a1618 W. Raleigh Life & Death Mahomet (1637) 221 With these troops..the king in person put himself to Sea, and with favorable weather landed in the kingdome of Tunis.

1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (new ed.) 595 They found twenty sail of the King of France his Ships,..and forthwith the said French Ships put themselves to sail.

1688 J. Glanvill tr. B. Le Bovier de Fontanelle Plurality of Worlds (1702) vii. 612 They put themselves to Sea in these Trunks.

1748 tr. Life Augustus Cæsar II. ii. i. 247 His enemies had put themselves to sea with a numerous fleet.

1901 M. Morris Tales Spanish Main 165 Let us..make a raft with the trees that are here in readiness,..and put ourselves to sea.

b. transitive. With to sea, or similar adverbial complement: to launch, set afloat (a vessel or its occupants). Later also: to cause to sail ashore, into harbour, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)]

launch?a1400

puta1450

shoot1487

lance?1518

to set on the sea, water, afloat1559

to set afloat1785

float1885

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxx. 550 (MED) Whanne this Schipe thus was I-dyht, Into the Se he it putte.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. xxviii. sig. c^v All were put in a ship to the see.

1587 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) 766 We were put with our pinnesse from the shippe.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 44208 He..Feit ane schip and pat her to the fame, Into Scotland agane for to cum hame.

1633 T. James Strange Voy. 49 To worke we goe: drawing home our Ankers by maine force, vnder great pieces of Ice, our endeuour being to put the Ship to the shoare.

1680 P. Rycaut Hist. Turkish Empire 54 In the pursuit a great Turkish Sultana was put ashore near Troy.

1702 J. Byres Let. to Friend at Edinb. 82 A Briganteen loaded with provisions belonging to Jamaica, was put into Caledonia harbour.

1706 London Gaz. No. 4233 The Monk and Experiment Men of War,..put ashore near Cape de Gat a French Scout of 40 Guns.

1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. viii. 70 We drew up the two Boats, and set all Hands at work to put the Ship under Way.

1846 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Apr. 276/1 I cannot put a fishing-boat to sea but the English seize it.

1870 C. M. Yonge Cameos c, in Monthly Packet May 435 He put a fleet to sea.

1896 C. G. D. Roberts Forge in Forest xiv. 185 Here I put the canoe to land, and stepped ashore.

1906 J. Conrad Mirror of Sea xxi. 70 The captain put the ship ashore.

1933 Times 20 June 55/4 Instead of putting the vessel ashore in Seaford Bay an attempt was made to tow her to Dover.

1955 News (Frederick, Maryland) 29 June 8/3 Forty-nine crewmen..were convicted today of ‘refusing a lawful order’ to put the ship to sea during the recent seamen's strike.

2001 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 5 Nov. 6 Even if Joe Afghan was found to be simply seeking a better life, what then? Fly him back to Kabul? Put him to sea in a boat?

c. intransitive. Of a vessel or its occupants: to follow a course, proceed to go to sea, ashore, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction

steer1340

stem1487

capea1522

lie1574

put1578

bear1587

rut1588

haul1589

fetch1590

standa1594

to stand along1600

to bear away1614

work1621

to lay up1832

1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya ii. 38 Riding there, a very daungerous roade, we were aduised by the Countrey, to put to Sea agayne.

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 42 Insteed of goinge to the ilande of Trinidado, putt into a bay of the maine.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 21 My honest friend, Who but for staying on our Controuersie, Had hoisted saile, and put to sea to day.

1666 London Gaz. No. 56/1 The Master and Company put to Land in their Cock-boat for assistance.

1729 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers II. xiv. 564 [He] came with a well-appointed Brigantine. But, just as he was putting ashore,..certain Moors..raised the Alarm.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. viii. 379 With a view of preventing their putting before the wind.

1790 J. White Jrnl. Voy. New S. Wales 120 This accident induced them to put into this port, in order to build some boats.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. xxviii. 57 Clearchus..after having put into Delos for shelter, returned to Miletus.

1890 Temple Bar June 180 He stepped into a fishing-boat and put to land.

1925 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn 222 The handling we received..did not necessitate our putting into Port Stanley for repairs, as many a Cape-Horner is compelled to do.

1955 Atlantic Aug. 94/2 I slipped unprotestingly into the first trancelike sleepiness which always engulfs me when I put to sea.

1994 Times 18 June 22/2 Liveaboards—luxury purpose-built vessels that only put into port to drop off one set of holidaymakers, pick up another and stock up on supplies.

†10. transitive. Coal Mining. To propel (a barrow, etc., of coal) by pushing from behind or (in later use also) by hauling. Cf. putter n.¹ 6. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > convey (coal)

put1708

tram1874

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 7 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Quick-Sands (if not too thick) are often put through by Deals or Timber.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 14 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) These Persons..put or pull away the full Curves of Coals.

1803 T. Gisborne in A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) II. vii. 159 They are employed..in putting and drawing the coals.

1812 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 97 This work was done by putters and barrow-men, the latter pulling before, and the former putting or thrusting behind.

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 7 The average day's work of a barrowman,..when putting alone,..is equal..to..3.0580 tons pushed a distance of one mile.

1905 A. S. Cunningham Rambles in Scoonie & Wemyss 256 The coals are putted by females.

II. To bring (a person or thing) physically into or out of a particular place or position.A weakening of the sense ‘to thrust, push’ in sense I., the implication or expression of the application of force being absent or (esp. in senses 11a and 11b, and when followed by into or in) substantially diminished.

11.

a. transitive. To move to or place in a particular situation or position (used with reference to the end result rather than the process of moving or placing); to cause (a person or thing) to get into or be in an expressed or implied place or position; to place, set.This sense is implied, literally or metaphorically, in nearly all the other senses of put still in use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)]

doeOE

layc950

seta1000

puta1225

dight1297

pilt?a1300

stow1362

stick1372

bestowc1374

affichea1382

posec1385

couchc1386

dressa1387

assize1393

yarkc1400

sita1425

place1442

colloque1490

siegea1500

stake1513

win1515

plat1529

collocate1548

campc1550

posit1645

posture1645

constitute1652

impose1681

sist1852

shove1902

spot1937

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 53 (MED) Þis faȝe folc..speket alse feire bi-foren heore euencristene alse heo heom walde in to heore bosme puten.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 214 Ȝe schulen in an hetter ant igurd liggen swa leoðeliche þah þet ȝe mahen honden putten þer under.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 149 (MED) Angis tok..Mani castels & tounes..And put þerin his men.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iii. 10 For now the axe is putt [a1425 L.V. put] to the rote of the tree.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15797 (MED) In þe forel þou pute þi suerd.

c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 29 Vynegre, where it is put in a vessell, corrumpith the vessell that it is ynne.

1503 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 6 §4 It shalbe lawefull..to put theym into the Stokkis and theym so to kepe till the next Market day.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Ded. 4 The duc of guise..pat ane garnison of tua thousand men, vitht in the toune of sanct quintyne.

1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 370 As he was putting the pot to his lips ready to drinke.

1623 B. Jonson in W. Shakespeare Comedies, Hist. & Trag. sig. A1^v This Figure, that thou here seest put, It was for gentle Shakespeare cut.

1651 W. Sanderson Aulicus Coquinariæ 10 [He] put the King in a Lobby Room, next the Chamber.

1699 T. Brown tr. Erasmus Seven New Colloquies iv. 27 Put your Hand to your Heart and tell me fairly.

a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 43 Put about an ounce of butter into a frying-pan.

1760 S. Foote Minor iii. 90 Bread, greens, potatoes, and a leg of mutton, A better sure, a table ne'er was put on.

1791 J. Lackington Mem. (1792) 212 The coachman put me inside the carriage.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxxi. 422 The patient..had an issue put into the top of the head.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 37 A sealed packet was put into his hands.

1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. viii. 119 Somebody put a drop under a magnifying-glass.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxix. 242 Then, putting her face where it had been, she looked up in his eyes.

1938 E. Waugh Scoop ii. ii. 154 I can't think why Frau Dressler has put me in this room.

1969 Listener 5 June 776/1 Barring any mishap, America can and will put a man on the Moon one morning this summer.

1997 B. O'Connor Tell her you love Her 160 The young Teaboy..put his head round the door.

2006 A. M. Foley Having my Say vii. 36 I filled up my hands with empty tins,..then put them on a conveyor.

b. transitive. To separate, cause to be away or apart from; to remove; to dismiss, expel, send away. Chiefly archaic in later use.Not always distinguishable from sense 5a, in that some degree of force or compulsion is often implicit in the action denoted by the verb. Cf. sense 20.Formerly also with other prepositions: see beside prep. 4c, besides prep. 4c. See also to put away 2c at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss

congeec1330

turnc1330

putc1350

dismitc1384

refusea1387

repel?a1439

avyec1440

avoida1464

depart1484

license1484

to give (a person) his (also her, etc.) leave?a1513

demit1529

dispatcha1533

senda1533

to send a grazing1533

demise1541

dimiss1543

abandon1548

dimit1548

discharge1548

dismiss1548

to turn off1564

aband1574

quit1575

hencea1586

cashier1592

to turn away1602

disband1604

amand1611

absquatulize1829

chassé1847

to send to the pack1912

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 97 (MED) By þe twoo wenges..ben bitokned þe two lawȝes þorouȝ whiche þai don penaunce þat putten hire fro þe serpent.

c1390 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 159 Phebus dooth al that he kan To plesen hire, wenynge by swich plesaunce..That no man sholde han put hym from hire grace.

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 66 (MED) Þis cumpany..had putt þe forseyd creatur fro her tabyl, þat sche xulde no lengar etyn a-mong hem.

c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 93 (MED) He puttiþ his hauke fro his fist.

1453 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 201 (MED) Yef any preest of the saide Chaunterie..doo the contrarie..to be amevid and vtterly put fro the saide Chaunterie.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 740 I requyre the, spare me..for, and yf ye put me from my worshyp now, ye put me from the grettyst worship that ever I had or ever shall have.

1539 Bible (Great) Psalms xliii. 2 Why hast thou put thee from me?

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. viij b Vppon the occasion of anie battaile, to put their horses from them.

a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fff4/2 Rashly I thought her false, and put her from me.

1732 D. Neal Hist. Puritans I. 118 Princess Elizabeth..was led in by the Traitor's gate; her own servants being put from her.

1832 W. Irving Legend Arabian Astrol. in Wks. (1840) I. 166 Put from thee the infidel damsel who is the cause.

1875 R. Browning Aristophanes' Apol. 306 O child, put from thine eyes The peplos, throw it off, show face to sun!

1906 P. MacKaye Jeanne d'Arc iii. 93 Jeanne (Putting from him the book, hands him his sword with a friendly smile.)

2003 G. Gilman in K. Link Trampoline 78 His hair, when he put it from his eyes, was hackled with frost.

c. transitive. To place upon or affix to a document (an official seal, signature, etc.); to place or write (a signature or mark) against something written or printed. to put one's name to: to sign; (figurative) to acknowledge one's authorship of or involvement with.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > seal [verb (transitive)] > affix seal to

put1379

to put to1396

fix1569

1379 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 2 In wytnes here of to this lettre I haue put my sele.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 486 (MED) To a certein book which y haue mad, y puttid this name.

1455 in J. Nicholl Some Acct. Company of Ironmongers (1851) 27 (MED) In witnesse of which thing, we..to these present lettres haue putt our seall.

1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. lxviii The iurours shall put theyr seales to the endytementes in the sheryffes tourne.

1618 G. Mynshul Ess. Prison Ep. Ded. I haue now put my name to my Book (without tergiuersation or turne coating the letters).

1688 London Gaz. No. 2354/2 He..puts the Grand Signior's Firm or Name to all Imperial Commands.

1708 tr. J. Cowell Law Dict. at Deed A Deed testifying that only one of the Parties to the Bargain, hath put his seal thereto.

1762 North Briton No. 12 To bring the name into contempt by putting it to two insipid tragedies.

a1821 J. Keats Cap & Bells xvi, in R. M. Milnes Life, Lett. & Lit. Remains Keats (1848) II. 221 I'll put a mark against some rebel names.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge viii. 281 Put a black cross against the name of Curzon.

1864 J. H. Newman Apologia vi. 340 To this volume..I also put my initials.

1902 Manitoba Morning Free Press 11 Nov. 3/2 Cheap horse play farces that he's actually ashamed to put his name to.

1963 C. Churchill in J. Fishman My Darling Clementine xxvi. 344 I hope that when the next election comes, they will put their cross against the name of you know who.

1985 S. Penman Here be Dragons i. 451 But you put your great seal to this document, Papa.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiv. 299 He does not want to put his name to daring alternatives for fear that middle England will see him as a limp-wristed liberal.

d. transitive. To place (a garment, piece of jewellery, etc.) on (also upon) a person, the body, etc. (formerly also occasionally to take †off a person). See also to put on 2a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on

to do oneOE

graitha1375

puta1382

to take on1389

to let falla1400

takea1400

to put on?a1425

endow1484

addressa1522

to get on1549

to draw on1565

don1567

to pull on1578

dight1590

sumpterc1595

to get into ——1600

on with1600

array1611

mount1785

to cast on1801

endoss1805

endue1814

ship1829

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 4 Kings xi. 12 He broȝte forþ þe sone of þe kyng & putte vp on hym a diademe.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. viii. 7 He clothide the bischop with a lynnun schirte..and puttide the cloth on the schuldris aboue.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 1947 (MED) On his finger she it pitt; With ful glad hert he toke it; Thus thei chaunged here ringes twoo.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 200 (MED) He..arose..and Put of hym his clothis.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xliij He hath put vpon him an albe and a Vestement.

1611 Bible (King James) Luke xv. 22 Bring foorth the best robe, and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and shooes on his feete.

1675 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. I. 781/2 A certain Gascoigne took him away, and put a pill'd broken Hood on his Head.

1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 1. 2 He filled my Hat..and then put it upon my bare Head.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 387 [20 Apr.] He had her face washed, and put clean clothes on her.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxvi. 391 Mrs. Craddock..just waiting to put something smarter on her head than her night-cap, ran down into the..drawing-room.

1883 M. Oliphant Hester II. ix. 154 She would not have put those pearls on a girl's neck, unless she was dressed conformably.

1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday v. 103 The whole hideous effect was as if some drunken dandies had put their clothes upon a corpse.

1951 S. H. Bell December Bride ii. xii. 171 Ach, Agnes,..sure I havena a clean jersey to put on the cratur.

1996 Kindred Spirit Summer 47 The priest is giving them kushi grass..to make a ring which they will put on their finger to symbolise union with the ancestors.

e. transitive. To introduce (an animal) to another in order that they may mate. Formerly also without construction: †to attempt to mate (an animal) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > breed > put to for breeding

put?1523

to put to?1523

match1530

matea1593

submit1697

couple1721

breed1886

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xx What tyme thou shalt put thy rammes to thy ewes.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 126^v Neyther must you put him to a young Mare.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 112 If two males be put to one female, they fight fircely.

1663 J. Beale Let. 9 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 180 This I have seene often tryed by putting Cotsall rams to our Tectum genus.

1758 R. Brown Compl. Farmer (1759) 21 They are put to the bull about July.

1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting v. 57 Should a favourite dog skirt a little, put him to a thorough line-hunting bitch.

1819 J. Keats Let. 22 Sept. in G. G. Williamson Keats Mem. Vol. (1921) 120 Chowder died long ago—Mrs. H. laments that the last time they put him (i.e. to breed) he didn't take.

1864 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 25 i. 221 The mares..if put to a good thoroughbred horse would produce good hunters.

1903 Biometrika 2 212 The tricolour bitch La Fanfare put to the tricolour dog Bourbon gave the tricolour pup Bluette.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. X. 724/2 Well-grown gilts can be put to the boar at eight months.

1983 V. Russell Heavy Horses of World 44 He..was often put to English mares.

2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 24/3 Of the 68 ewes and ewe lambs put to the ram last June, no fewer than 13 ewes were empty.

f. transitive. To harness (a draught animal) to (also †unto, †in) a vehicle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness

harness13..

putc1550

to put in1709

tackle1714

to put to1732

reharness1775

crupper1787

crup1880

tack1946

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 119 He vas put in ane cart to drug and drau, quhar he vas euyl dung & broddit.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Iungo To couple or put horses in the carte... To put the horses to the carte.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice v. 55 Cause him to bee put vnto the Cart, placing him in that place which the Carters call the lash.

1692 T. Taylor tr. G. Daniel Voy. World Cartesius iii. 185 Who took thereupon his Cloak, and order'd his Horses to be put in the Coach.

1716 London Gaz. No. 5461/2 The Ammunition-Waggons should have the Horses put to them.

1788 T. Jefferson Hints European Trav. in Papers (1956) XIII. 264 You must bribe your horse hirer to put as few horses to your carriage as you think you can travel with.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. v. 79 He..put Billy [sc. a pony] in the cart to draw him home.

1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. x. 191 Sister, for goodness' sake, let 'em put the horse in the carriage and take me home.

1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 6 By the time..they got Miss Sophonsiba up and dressed and the team put to the wagon..it was almost daylight.

1981 E. H. Edwards Country Life Bk. Saddlery & Equipm. 161/1 The horses are put to their vehicles.

2002 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 3 Aug. 48 The seven had to name part of the horse and harness and put these on the horse and then assist to put the horse to the carriage.

g. transitive. With across or over. To transport (a passenger, cargo, etc.) to the other side of a river or other tract of water. Cf. to put over 4a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > across

overcarrya1382

to set overc1540

to put over1569

to take over1573

traject1635

put1636

cross1804

to pass over1832

to get across1909

1636 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 184 Yet some [cattle], which came late, and could not be put over the river, lived very well all the winter without any hay.

1726 N. Uring Hist. Voy. & Trav. 229 I prevailed with one of the People to put me over the River.

1805 M. Lewis in M. Lewis & W. Clark Exped. (1904) II. 184 [I] sent Shannon down the opposite side to bring the canoe over to me and put me across the Missouri.

1855 H. W. Beecher Star Papers 42 I espied someway up the Avon, a boat in charge of two young men, and easily engaged them to put me across to the coveted treasure.

?1865 D. Boucicault Colleen Bawn i. i. 12 Every night at twelve o'clock I'm here wid my boat under the blue rock below, to put him across the lake to Muckross Head.

1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 61 He at once agreed to put me across the river in one of his large boats.

1928 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 29 Jan. 1/7 Back when I was just a kid he put me across the river many times.

1950 F. Maclean Escape to Adventure iii. v. 272 Further downstream there was an old man who would put us across on a raft.

1991 J. S. Gray Custer's Last Campaign (1993) xiii. 160 Many diarists recorded an event..which involved ‘two Crows’ who were put across the river for another attempt to steal ponies from a party of Sioux.

h. transitive. Hunting. To set (a hound) on or upon a scent, trail, etc. Also figurative. Cf. to put on 8c at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > put on scent

re-lay1590

to put (formerly also lay) (a dog) on the scenta1616

to lay on1655

put1673

to throw in1686

to cast hounds1781

lay1781

to throw on1815

1673 R. Boyle Of Determinate Nature iv. 28 in Ess. Effluviums This Nobleman did, a competent while after, put the Blood-hound upon the scent of the man.

1712 C. Hornby Third Part Caveat Against Whigs 63 The refuse of Jails and the cast Furniture of Pillories..were..pamper'd to Swear Men out of their Lives and Estates, wherever they were put on the Scent, by that Brace of Bloodhounds, Baker and Aaron Smith.

1787 W. Attmore Jrnl. Tour N. Carolina (1922) 24 One part of the Company go into the Wood..to trail for the Deer Tracks, and put the Dogs on the Scent.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 59/2 Let him be put on the scent of pheasants.., and let him rout them about well for a few minutes.

1882 A. Ainger C. Lamb vi. 116 Lamb had a love of..putting his readers on a false scent.

1936 R. Wright Big Boy leaves Home iv, in New Caravan 146 Spose bloodhouns wuz put on his trail? Lawd! Spose a whole pack of em, foamin n howlin, tore im t pieces?

1965 Isis 55 405 The article published..in 1873 had put him on the trail of other documents.

2005 Post-Crescent (Appleton, Wisconsin) (Nexis) 2 Jan. (Outdoors section) 10 b This allows you to find bobcat tracks that are not too old and to put the dogs on the scent.

i. to stay put: see stay v.¹ 6b.

12. transitive. figurative or in figurative contexts (frequently with abstract object).The verb is found in a large number of idiomatic phrases, including: to put one's back into, to put one's foot in it, to put into (or out of) one's head, to put on the map, to put under the microscope, to put the nips into, to put in a nutshell, to put in one's pocket, to put one's shoulder to, to put a sock in it, to put spurs to, to put the tin hat on it, to put the wind up, etc.: see the nouns. to put a bone in a person's hood: see bone n.¹ Phrases 1e. to put one's cards on the table: see card n.² Phrases 3. to put the cart before the horse: see cart n. 5. to put the finger in the eye: see eye n.¹ Phrases 2f. to put one's best foot first (also forward, foremost): see foot n. and int. Phrases 8. to put words into a person's mouth: see mouth n. Phrases 1g. to put pen to paper: see paper n. 1b. to put one's hand to the plough: see plough n.¹ Phrases a. to put a spoke in one's wheel: see spoke n. 4a.

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 165 Ich schal..putte þenne aþullich þonc inhire heorte.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 175 He trowede þat..his soule was i-putte in his body [?a1475 anon. tr. incorporate] by þe menynge of Pictagoras and of Plato.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 3563 (MED) Haue a mon ben neuer so bolde, Whenne þat he bicomeþ olde, vnwelde putt at him a pulle.

c1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars 268 He that wroghte her..putte such a beaute in her face.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 614 (MED) Þanne þou madist of erþe..Adam..and puttist in him..a goost of lyf.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 131 Let me put in your mindes, if yours forget What you haue beene ere now, and what you are.

1611 T. Coryate Odcombian Banquet sig. K2^v Put al your wits distillement in your pen.

1672 C. Manners in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 24 At the present the King and the Duke have put severall things into his hands.

1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 219 Your Excellencies..conduct..has..put new lives into the Ministers.

1755 C. Charke Narr. Life 223 The good Nature of my Friends in Chepstow put it strongly in my Head to settle there.

1812 Chalmers Jrnl. 12 Mar. in Life (1851) I. 277 I..am greatly struck with the quantity of business which he put through his hands.

1889 F. Barrett Under Strange Mask II. xiv. 78 The thing had been put before her in such vivid reality.

1913 Bulletin (San Francisco) 19 Mar. 17/2 Del Howard has put a lot of life and pepper into the Seal herd.

1968 G. S. Haight George Eliot i. 15 The hungry public gobbled avidly whatever he put before them.

1989 E. Mashinini Strikes have followed Me viii. 75 Somebody must have put this or that idea into my head.

III. To place or bring (a thing or person) in or into a specified relation, condition, or form.

* Senses in which the notion of physical motion in space is implied, but is subordinated to that of the relation between elements that results from this motion.

13. transitive. To cause to be in or assume a particular place or situation, in a general or figurative sense, or in phrases where the name of a thing or place stands for its purpose, as to put in hospital, to put in prison, to put on the market, to put on the stage, to put to bed, to put to school, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > send to school

to set to lore (also to book, to school)a1225

to put to schoola1300

to send to school, college1531

school1577

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale

cheapa1225

to set out13..

to put forthc1350

utter?c1400

market1455

offer1472

lovea1500

pitch1530

to set on (or a) sale1546

exposea1610

to bring to market1639

huckster1642

shop1688

deal1760

to put on the market1897

merchandise1926

a1300 Vision St. Paul (Jesus Oxf.) l. 213 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 153 (MED) Heo beoþ iput in þilke trume Þat ne leuede nouht in godes sone.

1348 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers of London (1902) I. 3 (MED) Also that non persone ne estraunger wirk ne bere suche maner vessel of peauter in þe Cite to sel ne it put to sale afore the mater be assaid.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 323 Þe kyng of Engelond was..i-putte in ward [?a1475 anonymous translation was kepede; L. custodiendus demandatur] in þe castel of Kelyngworþe.

a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) 25 (MED) To scole þey were put.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 117 (MED) A lady..hadde a doughter ynamed Delbora, which doughter she putte [Fr. mist] vnto scole.

a1475 (?1436) in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 13 (MED) I was put to the Soudenys house & was made vssher of halle.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxxix. 346 He caused the..erle of Auser to be putte in prison.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccliij To put the kinges sonne or his brother in to the possession of Scotlande.

1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 7 Putand in the place of godly ministeris..dum doggis.

1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 106 That haue not been by any casualtie, or accident put behinde hand in the world.

1635 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Eliz. (ed. 3) iii. 374 His goods were put to port sale.

1654 Mercurius Fumigosus No. 9 88 Hee that is the Conqueror, shall that Night have a warm Clowt, lay'd to his Breech by the Lady that was fought for, and so to be put to Bed together.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 122 Having others put over their heads.

1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. ii. xiv. 38 Poor Man! he must be put to Bed. I shall apply some proper Remedies.

1799 J. Beekman Let. 29 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) III. 1281 Mr. Dunant informed us in his last that he purposed putting your Daughter at Mrs. Graham's after the Restoration of Health to our City.

1850 J. H. Newman Serm. Var. Occasions (1881) xii. 229 He was ever putting himself in the background.

1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxviii. 283 The landlords even strongly objected to their serfs putting their children to school.

1897 Tit-Bits 4 Dec. 172/2 If..some new patent is being put on the market, it is an opportunity that our traveller will not miss.

1919 M. Sinclair Mary Olivier ii. 18 It was the end of her birthday; Mama and Jenny were putting her to bed.

1948 Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram 30 Oct. [He] reminds her constantly of her past as a chambermaid in Chicago before he put her on the stage.

1969 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 3/4 Surrounded by neighboring dogs that barked at his every movement and risked getting him put in the clink for fourteen days.

1989 B. Roche Handful of Stars ii. ii, in K. Harwood First Run 242 He's already put two people in hospital.

2006 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Oct. 16/1 If..the Democrats take back control of the House in the fall elections and put San Francisco's Nancy Pelosi in the speaker's chair, there are going to be a lot more changes.

14.

a. transitive. To place in or into the hands or power of another; to place in or under the care or protection of a person, institution, etc. Formerly also: †to commit or entrust to (also in, unto) a person in order to be protected, dealt with, etc. (obsolete). Cf. to put on —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another

givea1000

beteachc1000

teachc1000

betake1297

trust1340

bekena1375

commenda1382

putc1390

recommanda1393

commitc1405

recommendc1405

resignc1425

allot1473

commise1474

commanda1500

consign1528

in charge (of)1548

credit1559

incommend1574

entrusta1586

aret1590

be-giftc1590

concredit1593

betrust1619

concrede1643

subcommit1681

to farm out1786

confide1861

fide1863

doorstep1945

to foster out1960

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for or protect [verb (reflexive)] > commit to the care of another

putc1390

commit1569

to fling oneself upon1842

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > entrust to another

recommandc1380

putc1390

recommendc1405

lippenc1480

rely1585

recommit1658

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust, have confidence in [verb (intransitive)] > in another

to lay (one's care, concerns) on Godc1175

put?1553

c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 371 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 583 (MED) Put þi body, whon þou art seek, To leche þat is lele.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 20795 (MED) Putte al in [a1400 Trin. Cambr. take hit to] him þat is of miȝt; lete him þer-of þe resoun riȝt.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 25353 For-þi putte al in goddis hande.

1415 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1709) IX. 300 (MED) For the wych Offence, y putte me holy in ȝowre Grace.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 207 (MED) All þe gudis att he had, he putt þaim vnto þe bisshopp.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 38 (MED) He..puttiþ himself holy and trustely in god.

?1553 Respublica (1952) ii. ii. 17 Will ye putte yourselfe nowe wholye into my handes?

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xv. 90 Let vs put ourselues to his protection.

1645 Kings Cabinet Opened Annot. 53 Reformation in Church Government, that power military and civill might be put into confiding hands.

1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 26 Builders put their design to Master-Workmen by the Great, or have it Wrought by the Day.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 289 I fear'd mostly their Treachery and ill Usage of me, if I put my Life in their Hands.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxxvi. 73 The Arab..observed the laws of hospitality with great exactness to those who put themselves into his power.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxix. 366 A very fine healthy young man put himself under my care for chancre.

1882 R. G. Wilberforce Life S. Wilberforce III. xv. 424 He wished ‘to put himself in my hands’ for our journey to Holmbury.

1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xii. 152 Every horse..has two wills. With one will, it wants to put itself in the human power completely.

1966 Listener 10 Mar. 342/2 We continue to put some offenders..under the care of individual probation officers and Borstal housemasters.

1985 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 4th Ser. Episode 3. 221 When Mum died I should have had you put in care.

2000 N.Y. Mag. 10 July 16/3 Gore's real problem is his image... He's put himself into the hands of merchandisers who've just wrung the life out of him.

b. transitive. Originally: to give or send (a person) to another to be educated or trained in a business; to apprentice to a person (sometimes with object complement). In later use also: to send (a person) to a particular school, college, etc.to put to school: see sense 13.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > commit to a person for

putc1515

to set out1575

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xl. 132 She to be put to your doughter to teche hyr to speake..the language of frenche.

1600 S. Forman Autobiogr. & Diary (1849) 6 He put himself an apprentice to on Mathewe Comins of Sarum at 14 yers.

a1652 R. Brome Court Begger i. i. sig. N8, in Five New Playes (1653) To put you to some Tellers Clearke to teach you Ambo-dexterity in telling money.

1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell i. ii. 9 He was first put to a petty School.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1772 I. 368 [Johnson:] I would not put a boy to him, whom I intended for a man of learning.

1794 J. Beekman Let. 12 June in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) 1267 Let your Daughter still board with Mr. Milderberger and put her to Mrs. Graham for her Education.

1832 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 15 Dec. 361/2 On the discovery of his literary taste, Mr. Laidlaw put him to an evening school.

1836 R. M. Bird Sheppard Lee II. vii. ii. 224 The surest way to cure a boy of a love of cakes and comfits, is to put him apprentice to a confectioner.

1872 T. A. Trollope Stilwinches II. iii. 39 I've a son turn'd o' twenty..and he is put to a tutor, the Reverend and Honorable Halban Halleyne.

1917 F. Swinnerton Nocturne viii. 162 He put me to a school where they watched me all the time.

1960 R. K. Webb Harriet Martineau i. 8 [Their] father's efforts were not enough to keep them in a proper school... They were put to a good school in Hackney.

1977 Burlington Mag. July 480/2 A William Allbrook was put apprentice to a London joiner John Belchier in 1741.

1983 Austral. Dict. Biogr. IX. 196/2 Destined for the law, he was put to a tutor.

15. transitive. To insert, enter, or include (an item, esp. a person's name) in a document, on a list, etc.; to cause the name or details of (a person) to be thus included or mentioned. Cf. to put down 5a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > attach as writing

to put to1396

to set toa1400

putc1436

society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] > enter in list

billc1305

enrolc1350

putc1436

rollc1440

inbill1461

book1548

cataloguize1609

billet1610

enschedulea1616

catalogize1632

catalogue1635

list1658

schedule1862

handlist1888

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 19 (MED) Hit shulden ben apertly put in Domys day..so that the ballives and the burgesys..of the same lawes and the vsages myghten hane certain reconisaunce and knowyng.

1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxi Thre persons..put thairefter in the said retour.

1514 R. Pace Let. 10 Sept. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 175 The fayth he hadde in me and th'auctoritie that he didde put me in hys last wylle.

1561 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 114 Thre score..hagbuttaris [to] be listit and put in wages.

1583 W. Rainolds Refut. Sundry Reprehensions vii. 155 Surely it was an ouersight, that he forgat to put in the rolle, S. Bernard, the bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxvii. 24 Neither was the number put in the account of the Chronicles of King Dauid.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 121 Let me be vnrold, and my name put in the booke of Vertue.

1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. x. 220 Assure your selves, you are like to be put in the Black List.

1735 J. Hughes tr. Fontenelle Dial. (ed. 3) ii. i. 62 They could not all be put into a Panegyrick, but into a Satyr they might.

1790 R. Tyler Contrast iv. i. 61 I came hither to solicit the honourable Congress, that a number of my brave soldiers may be put upon the pension-list.

1806 Let. 26 Dec. in M. Wells Mem. Life Mrs. Sumbel (1811) III. 212 He has received Mr. Thomas Sheridan's directions to put her name and friend on the free-list.

1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 138 Those are generally put in a table, against the names of their respective places in an alphabetical order.

1871 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera I. xi. 19 I must pass, disjointedly, to matters, which, in a written letter, would have been put in a postscript.

1950 A. Buckeridge Jennings goes to School vii. 137 Now I've had to put all sorts of bogus oiks on the List, just to protect myself.

1973 Sat. Rev. Society (U.S.) May 68/2 Ask to be put on the mailing list for Selected U.S. Government Publications.

2005 Townsville (Austral.) Sun (Nexis) 22 June 5 If someone wants to give something to someone when they die, they should put it in their will.

** Senses in which a person or thing is brought to or placed in a particular state or condition, or induced to a certain course of action.

16.

(a) transitive. To set to an act or action, or to do something. Also reflexive.In early use sometimes with some suggestion of urging or incitement; cf. sense 19.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or apply oneself [verb (reflexive)]

atil1297

putc1300

addressa1393

richc1400

steadc1475

embark1584

familiarize1593

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act

makea1225

putc1300

gara1340

have1390

geta1400

to set (a-)going1530

set1577

occasion1587

c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 369 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 310 (MED) Þare-fore þenchez ȝwane he wole eou to sunne puyte.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2793 (MED) Who-so putteþ hym to swere, Grete charge for hym shal he bere.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 289 Selden is any pore yput [c1400 C text pitt] to punysshen any peple.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1483 (MED) Þai..Putt þam to prayris, & penaunce enduris.

c1475 tr. Secreta Secret. (Tripolitanus abbrev.) 328 Commaunde that thy subgites put thaire children for to lerne the lettres and noble sciences.

?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Div^v Whan the Vnicorne hath put hym to rest at a tree.

1530 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 4 To the great hurte of the Kynges true Subjectes puttynge their Childe to be prentyse.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2696 Why puttes þou not Parys his purpos to leue?

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1927) III. ii. 6249 How that worship in the worthy..puttis thame to purches pris!

1649 R. Baron Apol. for Paris 63 Love..made him [sc. Jupiter] Metamorphose himselfe for Europa into a Bull, (and put himself to graze that he might lick her hands who fed him with flowers).

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 6 I put Mr. G. and R. Hook..to contrive some Air Pump, that might not, like the other, need to be kept under water.

1704 Boston News-let. 15 May 2/1 The Governour of the place, wanting a Sute of Sails to be made for a Sloop, hearing he was a Sail-maker, put him to make them.

1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 50 If we did not so frequently put Horses to perform Things which Nature never designed them for.

1777 J. Howard State Prisons Eng. & Wales 121 Men are put to labour in the Rasp-houses, and women do proper work in the Spin-Houses.

1827 S. B. H. Judah Buccaneers I. ii. 123 His listeners..would not put themselves to a minute's labour from the laziness of their natures, to refute the hollowness of his doctrines.

1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 54 Horses..are put to work at three years old.

1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice ii. i. 137 Christ..put himself to his works of healing for this purpose.

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent i. 11 Stevie was put to help wash the dishes.

1917 P. E. More Platonism i. 3 Socrates, amazed and incredulous, had put himself to the task of testing this strange saying.

1953 Life 8 June 28/3 Secretary Humphrey has put experts to work out..a set of reforms that will go to Congress early next year.

1991 E. J. Howard Marking Time (1992) 11 Sid and Villy had been put to making wooden battens onto which blackout material could be nailed.

(b) transitive. With on or upon. Cf. to put on 8a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work

setc1175

put1608

to put on1822

to turn to1836

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vi. 99 Tis they haue put him on the old mans death.

1645 T. Coleman Hopes Deferred 30 July 14 His folly might put him on the same way of resistance.

1662 H. More Coll. Several Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. Gen. §6 He can neither hit upon a right sense of things himself..or rightly pursue it, when he is put upon it by another.

1712 Boston News-let. 25 Mar. 1/2 They were put upon that Bloody Action by the Sinneke Indians, one of our five Nations.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ix. 396 The strong addiction..to lucre often..puts them on defrauding the authority..that protects them.

1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 223 It [sc. July] is sometimes..a very showery month, putting..the farmer upon anxious thoughts for his ripening corn.

1885 Law Times Rep. 53 467/2 He had notice of facts which ought to have put him on inquiry.

1903 ‘No. 7’ 25 Years in 17 Prisons xii. 115 For the first week or two I was put upon ‘dissing’.

1945 Bulletin (Sydney) 2 May 12/1 The boss put me on ploughing a piece of frontage where the sheila passed on her way for the cows.

1990 Indian Express (Cochin) 24 Jan. 8/1 The second thing to do is to put the very best investigators and law officers on the job of pushing the trials.

b. transitive. With to (formerly †on, †upon). To set (a person) to study or practise a subject, skill, or profession; to apprentice (a person) to a trade. Cf. sense 14b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education

put?1387

?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 73 Why..putteþ men here sones raþere to lawe syuyle.

?a1425 Constit. Masonry (Royal 17 A.i) l. 30 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 13 Thys onest craft he putte hem to.

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 131 (MED) Qhanne a man hatz manye childryn, he puttyȝt hem to dyuers craftys to getyn here lyuyng.

1564 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 81 To put him to ane craft.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 537 I will put Ephraim to the saddle, Judah to the plow.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1690) 113 Since the generality of Gentlemen, and some Noblemen, do put their younger sons to Merchandize.

1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 61 This Custom of putting Boys upon the Greek Tongue, before they understand any thing of the Latin.

1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 63 They are..put upon Versifying.

1822 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns 233 I pat him to the wright business.

1919 H. Clay Econ. for Gen. Reader xvi. 304 No foresight was exercised in his choice of an occupation, and he was put to the trade which gave the biggest immediate wage and no prospects of anything better.

1936 P. S. Buck Exile i. 16 He had not been put to the trade as the others had, for he was born late in his mother's life after the death of several children, and he was delicate.

c. With on.

(a) transitive. To set (an animal) to feed solely or principally on a particular food; to restrict (a person) to a particular diet. Also with on to, upon (formerly to). to put (a person) on a diet: to restrict or reduce the food intake of (a person). Cf. to put to a diet at diet n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > feed with specific food

diet1362

put1620

gruel1804

pap-feed1809

chicken-broth1856

soup1857

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)]

baitc1400

servea1475

foddera1500

refetea1500

maintain1576

provend1581

provender1584

put1620

meal1630

stall-feed1763

feed1818

board1875

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture

leasowc950

feed1382

pasturec1400

to put to grass1471

grassc1500

to turn out?1523

graze1564

impasture1614

put1620

depasture1713

run1767

to run out1851

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > force-feed

to wring down1633

put1737

force-feed1938

1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xvii. 159 In the moneth of December, put your sheepe and swine to the Pease reeks, and fat them for the slaughter and market.

1737 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 2) II. xxx. 353 He was advised to go to the Country, and to be put on a Diet of Whey.

1798 Amer. Universal Mag. 26 Jan. 234 He..put himself on a flesh diet.

1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 364 All my ewes were put to turnips.

1861 Amer. Agriculturist Jan. 15/2 I put her [sc. the cow] on to oat straw about the middle of the Winter.

1888 Times 21 June 10/3 He was put upon bread and water.

1936 D. Powell Turn, Magic Wheel ii. 142 I wish you'd let me put you on a Hay diet. All proteins at once, all starches.

1956 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Oct. 22/3 The doctor put me on a diet and I'm so hungry.

1992 Farmers Weekly 14 Aug. 50/3 The cows are put onto a ration of maize and lucerne silage.

(b) transitive. To set (a patient) on a course of a particular medicine, therapy, etc.; to prescribe a particular drug for (a patient).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > subject to course of treatment

course1773

put1829

1829 Lancet 25 July 513/2 We should not merely put the patient on the temporary use of purgatives.

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 649 I put her on red medulla tabloids.

1958 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 24 45/2 Theoretically, the ideal method for comparison is to put patients on treatment programs selected only by random numbers.

1975 B. Donoughue Diary 24 Feb. in Downing St. Diary (2005) xi. 315 Still feeling ill from an acute sinus infection so I went to the doctor..and was put on antibiotics.

1989 Equinox Jan. 45/2 Her Samoyed had arthritic hips. ‘We'll put her on bute for a month,’ he explained patiently.

17.

a. transitive. To place in, bring into, or reduce or bring to a specified state or condition. Also with at, on, under, upon. Cf. to put out of —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2.Frequently in established phrases, as to put at ease, at (also to) hazard, etc.; to put in fear, mind, remembrance, the wrong, †work, etc.; to put in (also into, †to) action, execution, force, motion, order, practice, readiness, requisition, †respite, shape, suspense, use, etc.; to put on (also upon) one's guard, one's honour, record, etc.; to put to rights, silence, sleep, etc. For the more established phrases see the nouns.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition

set971

haveOE

wendOE

to bring onc1230

teemc1275

putc1330

run1391

casta1400

laya1400

stead1488

constitute1490

render1490

takea1530

introduce1532

deduce1545

throw?1548

derive?c1550

turn1577

to work up1591

estate1605

arrive1607

state1607

enduea1616

assert1638

sublime1654

to run up1657

c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 238 (MED) His fredom was binomen him al And put in seruage as a þral, Noht one he, bute alle þo Þat of him comen for euere mo.

c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1495 Parauenture an heep of yow..Wol holden hym a lewed man..That he wol putte his wyf in iupartie.

a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) 54 (MED) He to þe blynd has sent his sight And puttyd to lyfe [a1425 Galba raised] þat ded lay.

c1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 275 Thenke ye that furthered be your name To love a newe..And putte yow in sclaunder now and blame.

c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 49 (MED) God..shal uisit hem & defende hem and shal saue hem and put hem in euerlasting lif.

1539 Bible (Great) Psalms ix. 20 Put them in feare.

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 30 This rule will I put in practise.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. v. 34 b We had putte our gallies in order, with theyr flagges, banners [etc.].

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxix. ii. 353 Then were the rackes stretched,..the string-torments also and the whips put in readinesse.

1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. ii. viii. f. 65 The young Gentleman, being put in good hope by his mothers promise, began..to shew..signes of..amendment.

1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads i. 389 Put Jove in mind of this.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 51/2 The Lords..are not like a Jury, put upon their Oaths, but do it upon their Honor.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum 16 When our Universal State Was put to hazard.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 6 This put my Mother into a great Passion.

1734 J. Vanderlint Money answers All Things 108 An addition of Land, as must every Year be further put into Use and cultivated.

1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 298 My father was put in possession of Mr. Ware's library.

1775 T. Pownall Mem. Navigation & Drainage 3 The whole expence, the interest, the safety of the country is put at hazard, and the effect left to chance.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xi. 220 The bones of the feet..are put in action by every slip or vacillation of the body.

1824 L.-M. Hawkins Mem. I. 290 It was her care to put every body at ease.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. ii. 43 You have put me under an obligation which I never can repay.

1849 J. L. H. McCracken Earning Living ii. ii. 16 O.H. The education of her son, and his first start in life, depend in a manner on this fund. G. Two things she ought not to put at risk.

1892 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 2 540 The person deputed..to receive the proposal, and to put it into shape.

a1898 H. Bessemer Autobiogr. (1905) xiii. 184 I had no sooner arrived at these results on a commercial scale than I again put myself in communication with Colonel Eardley Wilmot.

1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 270 Tell him I said to give you some pills that will put you to sleep for about twenty-four hours.

1962 D. Slayton in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 22 The recovery techniques which we would put into play to find and rescue the Astronaut and his capsule after they had landed.

1987 Down East Nov. 62/3 The winter had put the earth at rest for a season.

2006 Wired July 129/1 A hunger for new ideas and an impatience to put them into practice.

b. transitive. With adjectival or adverbial complement: to make or cause to be or become what is expressed by the complement. to put right: see right adj. and int. Phrases 7a, right adj. 10. to put next (to): see next adj. 14c. to put wise: see wise adj. 3b(b).In Wyclif, often a literal translation from Latin ponere.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Lament. iii. 11 My paþes he turnede vp so doun..he putte me desolat [L. posuit me desolatam].

c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2655 I myghte neither bere it ne sustene, and so sholde I been put and holden ouer lowe.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 61 (MED) Pouerte pursued me and put me lowe.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Lllll5^v/2 T'has put me clean awry now, I shall ne'r get in again.

1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 258 Musculus was put void of his Church.

1790 A. Wilson Poems 58 To think how aft I'm putten wud.

1835 J. H. Newman Lett. & Corr. (1891) II. 138 He and Keble both being away puts everything wrong.

1892 H. R. Mill Realm of Nature ii. 20 The least mistake..would put the calculation all wrong.

1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) vi. 104 If it [sc. the current] failed for a few seconds,..the secondary pendulums would carry on for a little while so the time shown on the dials was not put wrong.

1958 J. O'Donovan Dangerous Worlds 105 Mother let it out that she had put the clock fast because Toby was so hard to get off to school.

1984 Times 19 May 28/7 It was his wife..who put him straight. He needed more follow through, she counselled.

18. transitive. With to (and occasionally other prepositions). To cause to undergo or be subjected to a specified punishment, difficult circumstance, treatment, etc.Frequently in established phrases, as to put to punishment, to (the) torture, etc.; to put to death, to destruction, etc.; to put to expense, to (the) trouble, etc.; to put to (the) proof, to (the) test, etc.; to put to the horn, to (also under) the plough, to the sword, etc.; to put to the blush, to (a) rebuke, to shame, etc.; to put upon one's trial. For the more established phrases see the nouns.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > decree

putc1390

statute1397

inact1432

ordinance1440

enact1464

act1483

enactizea1618

edict1652

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > suffer pain [verb (transitive)] > cause pain

aileOE

grieve?c1225

girdc1275

painc1375

putc1390

sorea1400

troublec1400

anguisha1425

vex?c1425

urn1488

suffera1500

exagitate1532

fire1602

trachle1889

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] > subject to

putc1390

to make a martyr of1599

society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > inflict (retributive punishment) [verb (transitive)] > for an offence or on an offender > inflict retributive punishment upon

yieldc1380

putc1390

rewardc1400

pay?c1450

vengea1470

revenge?1526

avenge1633

to pay back1655

to pay off1699

to serve out1809

to pay out1849

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 534 (MED) Kar si vous volez mettere a uoyr..ȝif þou woldest hit putte to soþing..Þou miȝtest procure wiþ such prouyng To þi-self newe schamyng.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 139 (MED) As a lewed Frere, Whan he is put to his penance, Riht so lese I mi contienance.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10072 (MED) He..him put til hel pin.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 2281 It is nat good for hir redempcioun To putte vs alle to destruccioun.

1455 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 289 He..was by the occasion therof put to ouer grete excessyue losses.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 14 (MED) The said king Johan was put to finaunce and raunson of thre millions of scutis of golde.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 722 Ȝe se the Scottis puttis feill to confusioun.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xxiv. 9 Then shal they put you to trouble.

1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII 26 §32 No..persone..for Murther or Felony, shallbe put to his fyne.

1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 25 Thys yere the commons of Cornwall arose..The captayns tane and put to excecucione.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 9098 All put thay to the suord I hecht.

1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. iv. sig. M2^v They'll put you to the Rack, you must be sodaine.

1639 J. Shirley Ball ii. sig. C Thou maist be buried, And ha the Church-cloth, if you can put in Securitie, the Parish shall be put To no more charge.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 66 Soon as they had him, at their mercy, They put him to the Cudgel fiercely.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. viii. 199 She had put herself to the Expence of a long Hood.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xix. 174 The dexterity, as well as the firmness of Julian, was put to a severe trial, when he took the field with a discontented army.

a1809 H. Cowley Town before You ii. iv, in Wks. (1813) II. 364 But for a distrust..of these west-end-of-the Town Ladies he would not have been put to this pain.

1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. xliii. 606 Foy..put the defenders to the bayonet without distinction.

1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 112 It is stocked with cattle or put under the plough.

1881 A. C. Swinburne Mary Stuart iii. i. 103 If these men Have written toward the queen my sister's hurt..Let them be put to punishment.

1890 Sandusky (Ohio) Daily Register 15 Sept. The increase in the number of acres of land put to cultivation in the last fifteen years.

1936 M. L. Cooke Future of Great Plains iii. 43 Land unsuitable for cultivation has been put to the plow.

1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 383 He put to fire and sword those who resisted.

1968 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 17 Dec. 49/1 Could you buy me two tickets to the playoff game? I don't want to put you to any extra trouble, but it would be gratefully appreciated.

1989 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 17 July 46 Charles Sanson's Paris home was the pillory house, where delinquents were put to torture and death.

2001 Heat 17 Nov. 83/1 Enid..and Rebecca..find their life-long friendship put to the test.

19.

a. transitive. To force or drive (a person) to the performance of an action; to oblige (a person) to have recourse to something.Frequently in established phrases, as to put to flight, a plunge, the run, a shift, one's trumps, etc. For the more established phrases see the nouns. See also to put (a person) to it at Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state

needeOE

driveOE

strainc1374

halec1400

plunge?c1400

thrust14..

pulla1425

put1425

compel1541

violent?1551

forcec1592

necessitate1629

oblige1632

dragoon1689

press1733

coercea1853

thirl1871

steamroller1959

arm-twist1964

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 4591 (MED) Þay were þe furste men of myȝt, þat potte the Sarazyns to þe flyȝt.]

1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 271/2 Such possession..ought not to be..affermed, ne putte my seid Lord..to his action.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xlvii. 69 God dyde putt her to reason, askynge to her, why she had trespaced his commaundement.

1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. L2^v Englande was put to a sore plunge through hir wylfulnes.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Prayer 111 Salomon beyng put to his choyse.

1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. H.3 Began with speed, for to plucke vp my feete, Because the place, did put me to my iumps.

1651 H. L'Estrange Smectymnuo-mastyx 27 When Smectymnuus are put to instance they can onely tell us, that [etc.].

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 386 Thank him who puts me loath to this revenge.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 207 At the end of their course they were put to their option.

1796 R. Bage Hermsprong I. xii. 122 A savage, put to his choice, will, in all common situations, prefer life.

1808 ‘P. Plymley’ Two More Lett. on Catholics vii. 31 Eleven hundred men, commanded by a soldier raised from the ranks, put to rout a select army of 6000 men.

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i. 10 He was put to strange shifts to make out a living.

1924 W. Beebe Galapagos, World's End xv. 316 In the wind they [sc. frigate birds] were put to constant effort in balancing.

1978 J. P. Stern Nietzsche v. 83 The abstruse and unhistorical subterfuges Marxist and Freudian interpreters are put to when attempting to isolate the major motive force of politics.

2005 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 29 Oct. 2 The Israeli unit put to flight the other military occupants of the Kuntilla compound.

b. transitive. To compel, require, oblige, or call on (a person) to do something. Frequently in passive. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something

holdc1275

piltc1275

constraina1340

strength1340

distrainc1374

compelc1380

makec1395

distressa1400

stressa1400

art?1406

putc1450

coerce1475

cohert1475

enforce1509

perforce1509

forcec1540

violent?1551

press1600

necessitate1601

rack1602

restrain1621

reduce1622

oblige1632

necessiate1709

c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 3330 (MED) He toke þe Cyte of Ierico and putt [v.r. made] the pepyll to pay trypage.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 102 You put me to forget a Ladies manners By being so verball.

1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 102 I have divers times beene put to defend my selfe with my knife.

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. D4 The father was never put to provide for him selfe while he was under the care of this good old man.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 305 He..is reckon'd a great Master of his Sword. God grant he may never be put to use it!

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxiii. 305 The..law requires that the accusation be warranted by the oath of twelve men, before the party shall be put to answer it.

1831 W. Scott Count Robert vii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 222 Put me not..to dishonour myself by striking thee with this weapon.

1991 M. S. Power Come Executioner (1992) xvi. 182 Now that he was put to explain it, the vague plan he had concocted in his mind sounded outrageous and farcical.

20. transitive. With from, off. To turn away or avert from something; to divert, discourage, or deter (a person) from his or her purpose or desire. Also: to dismiss, banish (something or someone unwanted or undesirable). Cf. to put off 5a at Phrasal verbs 1, to put off 7 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > do away with or eradicate

to do awayOE

to do outOE

to put awaya1382

outroot?a1425

to set awayc1430

to set apart1455

roota1500

weed1526

ridc1540

root1565

displace1580

root1582

put1584

eradicate1647

eliminate1650

eruncate1651

to knock out1883

1584 C. Robinson et al. Handefull Pleasant Delites (new ed.) sig. Aiii The sunne shal loose his course, the moone..Shall haue no light, if that I do once put you from my minde.

1596 R. Johnson Famous Hist. Seauen Champions i. xv. 151 In this sorrowfull manner wearied saint George the time away, vntill the Egyptian King..put him from his complaintes, and requested the English Knight to tell the true discourse of Sabraes proffered violence.

1671 A. Behn Forc'd Marriage iii. i. 40 I believ'd it but a slight of hers, To put me from my Courtship.

1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding v. iv. 61 Come, Sir John, don't think to put me from my purpose; you know me very well.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Let. 1 Mar. (1945) II. 646 Virtue doesn't agree with me well, and a very little domestic rose-leaf rumpled puts me off my work for the day.

1862 Temple Bar 6 331 Don't be put off this by any consideration of weight or expense.

1883 M. E. Mann Parish of Hilby xix She could not put from her some feeling of pride.

1949 D. Smith I capture Castle (U.K. ed.) ix. 134 He'll end by putting them off us.

1980 G. Hammond Reward Game vii. 96 Do you still want Briesland House, or did this morning's stishie put you off it for life?

2004 Scotsman (Nexis) 25 Feb. 16 Had the stage adaptation been any good, it would have put it [sc. the original] from my mind.

21.

a. transitive. To direct or urge (a horse) in a specified direction, esp. to or at an obstacle. Also: to set (a horse) to a particular movement, pace, or set of paces. See also to put (a horse) through (its) paces at pace n.¹ Phrases 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > urge on

streeka1500

push1590

put1590

whigc1667

cramc1830

to call upon ——1842

double-thong1856

giddap1938

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 4 A Rancke rider hath put his horse to a hedge, and lay in the ditch.

a1627 T. Middleton More Dissemblers besides Women v. i, in 2 New Playes (1657) 68 But away rid I Sir, put my horse to a caranto pace.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 350 Shuffling along at a strange Rate, so as would have put a Horse to a midling Gallop.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XII xxxix. 24 Which puts my Pegasus to these grave paces.

1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. ii. 84 He [sc. a horse] may be put to the leap.

1891 ‘A. Thomas’ That Affair II. ii. 23 She..puts the cob up the hill.

1901 Munsey's Mag. Aug. 721/2 I put the horse to his run.

1981 R. Westall Scarecrows v. 41 Father putting the horse from a walk to a trot to a canter that jiggled Simon up-and-down unmercifully.

1999 G. Cox Dict. Sport xii. 380/2 Presentation, the way in which a rider puts his horse at a jump.

b. With through.

(a) transitive. Originally Military. To cause (a person) to undertake or demonstrate competence in all the parts of an exercise, course of study, etc.; to help (a person) to complete an exercise or task, to become conversant with a topic, etc. See also to put (a person) through his (also her, etc.) facings at facing n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)] > cause (one) to go through an exercise, etc.

put1795

1795 T. Reide Treat. Duty Infantry Officers i. ii. 41 If the weather is fine, the men may be put through the manual and platoon exercises, marching, wheeling, &c.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. viii. 172 I am scarce fit for the drill yet..I can keep my feet, however, while our serjeant puts me through the manual.

1823 J. S. Smith Siege of Algiers ii. iii. 48 He seems to have the rudiments of the bon ton; I'll put him through the nomenclature of all that is free and easy.

1846 Punch 11 11/1 The corps of Railway police was next put through its exercise.

1859 E. C. Gaskell in All Year Round Extra Christmas No. 13 Dec. 33/1 There's examins, and catechizes, and I dunno what all for him to be put through.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. viii. 258 My father had himself put me through the two first books of Livy.

1914 J. Joyce Dubliners i Sometimes he used to put me through the responses of the Mass,..and, as I pattered, he used to smile pensively and nod his head.

1979 J. Byno & D. Wright Mundagudda & Warwai 7 He went over to the Bogan, where the old people put him through the rules and made a young man out of him.

2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 39 His parents were there with Sunil's two-year-old daughter. He put her through her tricks, as parents and ringmasters do.

(b) transitive. To cause (a person) to undergo or endure an ordeal, unpleasant experience, etc. See also to put (a person) through it at Phrases 8.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > affect or visit with adversity

followOE

waryc1200

hita1400

remord?c1400

visit1424

to lead (a person) the measures1594

conflict1609

to lead a person a life1715

overhit1816

put1841

to put (a person) through it1855

1841 Hagerstown (Maryland) Mall 3 Sept. Put me through the ‘fiery ordeal’, and it will be found, that..my morals, to say the least of them, will compare with his.

1889 Harper's Mag. July 223/1 I hope the attorney will not put me through a cross-examination.

1931 E. Ferber Amer. Beauty i. 11 You've got it down on those papers you fellows were always scribbling at when you put me through that third degree.

1978 M. Amis Success i. 16 Why do we let them put us through these ordeals?

1992 S. King Dolores Claiborne (1993) 192 I wanted to make him pay for all he'd put us through.

2001 Wasafiri Spring 65/2 All you blasted people put me through this shit every time I travel on this kiss-me-arse bus.

(c) transitive. Originally U.S. To pay for the maintenance and fees of (a person) during a course of (esp. higher) education. Frequently reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > send to school > maintain at school

to find to schoolc1225

put1870

1870 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Times 21 Apr. He brought out from Ireland considerable patriotism and a few material resources. With the latter he put himself through Dartmouth College.

1904 Marble Rock (Iowa) Jrnl. 7 July Some of the young men..expect to make enough to put themselves through school next year.

1943 Deb. House of Commons (Canada) 4 Feb. 161/2 Voluntary committees should be set up throughout Canada to pick out..boys and girls with a view to seeing that they are put through university.

1958 Yale French Stud. No. 22. 38 It demanded heavy sacrifices from a man of the working class to put his children through Normal School.

1967 Times 26 Jan. 6/4 Ex-Brigadier Samson..had come down to clearly distasteful means of making a living to put his son through university.

2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Aug. ii. 5/3 We were able to put our children through school without going into debt and buy a little lake house.

*** Senses in which a thing (usually non-material) is placed in a particular relation to a person or agent.

22. transitive. With on, upon. See also Phrases 4, to put on —— at Phrasal verbs 2, and put-upon adj.

a. In positive sense: to bestow (a blessing, etc.) upon a person or thing. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > give as a present or make a present of

giveOE

putc1330

skink1508

bestow1535

gift1619

donate1845

c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 994 (MED) Iseih..made an orysoun, And anon god putte his fuisoun Vp-on hire mele.

1718 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. Observ. 1280 We have Virtue put upon us by Surprize, and are pleas'd to find a thing where we should never have look'd to meet with it.

1904 W. V. Moody Fire-bringer ii. 51 I put her blessing on thee; and do thou Kiss me, and put her blessing upon me For this I do.

b. To impose (a burden, obligation, hardship, punishment, etc.) upon a person; (also) to levy (a tax) on something. Formerly also with †to or †unto.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] > impose (a duty) on someone

enchargec1374

puta1382

vouchc1535

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > impose

setc888

layOE

to lay on11..

enjoin?c1225

join1303

adjoina1325

cark1330

taxa1375

puta1382

impose1581

aggravate1583

fasten1585

clap1609

levy1863

octroy1865

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings xii. 4 Þi fadir most hard ȝok putte [a1425 L.V. puttide] to vs.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) Apoc. xxii. 18 If ony man shal put to to thes, God shal putte vpon him the plages writun in this book.

1428 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 10 Ye charge..yat is put vnto me.

c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxxxiv (MED) Þei putten grete penaunce vnto men.

a1500 Rule Third Order St. Francis in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 55 That they resceyue mekely & affectually fulfylle soche pennaunces as is put vpon theme for ther offencis.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 81 He neuer put any tribute, impost, or taxe vpon his subiectes.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie vii. 39 When God hath..giuen vs the vpper hand of all assaultes that could be put vnto vs.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 4 Kings xviii. 14 The king of the Assyrians put a taxe vpon Ezechias the king of Iuda.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. v. 368 The necessitous Father may put the duty actually upon the Son.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 8 We were very sensible of the Obligation he had put upon us.

1792 T. Law Sketch Late Arrangem. Bengal 205 Financiers..have frequently put taxes upon luxuries.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxvi. 256 ‘I will never put any constraint upon her inclinations,’ said Mrs. Nickleby to herself.

1882 T. H. Sayre Our Minister iii. 3 Come, be a man. Don't try to back out, and put it all on me.

1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert xxiii. 309 Sonia realised the strain he had been putting upon himself to meet his trouble quietly and courageously.

1943 I. Frack S. Afr. Doctor 118 A badly advised Government decided to put a tax on patent medicines.

1995 Independent 23 Mar. 18/4 Overtaxed however by the demands put on him and with failing health he returned to England.

c. To inflict (an indignity, insult, severe criticism, etc.) upon a person or thing. Formerly also with †to. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1536 Prymer Salysbery Use (STC 15992) f. lxxxv Smytynge the..and many other greuous paynes puttynge to the.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 617 Will they..not..thinke that you put a scorne upon them.

1687 Bp. G. Burnet Def. Refl. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 21 A severe censure I had put on his works.

1707 J. Norris Pract. Treat. Humility v. 204 Putting indignities upon one another.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 332 The contempt which lyric poets put upon instrumental music.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words at Toad-under-a-Harrow A poor fellow, whose wife..takes care that all the world shall witness the indignities she puts upon him.

1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 121 One humiliation after another would be put on the unhappy king.

1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxxiii. 310 After all, what censure could be put upon her?

d. To carry out or perpetrate (a trick, deception, joke, etc.) on a person. Now rare.to put a cheat on: see cheat n.¹ 4b. to put the change upon: see change n. Phrases 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > dispose of fraudulently

put1603

to bob off1605

to put off1612

impose1650

palm1679

sham1681

cog1721

slur1749

pawn1763

to play off1768

to pass off1799

to work off1813

to stall off1819

to fob off1894

1603 N. Breton Merrie Dialogue 21 Being taken for a gamester, I had the tricke put vpon me.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. v. 60 If I put any trickes vpon em.

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. iii. 174 in Wks. II You ha' there now Some Bristo-stone, or Cornish counterfeit You'ld put vpon vs.

1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 115 They see such gross Deceptions put upon the World.

1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator I. 38 He had the Discretion, however, to maintain inviolably the Secret of the Trick he had put upon her.

1787 J. Hawkins Life Johnson 417 Roubiliac..minding to put a trick on him, pretended to be..charmed with his performance.

1828 C. Lamb Capt. Jackson in Elia 2nd Ser. 196 For a man to put the cheat upon himself.

1853 N. Hawthorne Tanglewood Tales (Chandos ed.) 252 C. suspected..that he was putting a joke upon him.

1886 R. Burton Arabian Nights iii And now I must..put a trick upon him and return him to his place.

1908 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 14 June A coterie of the practical jokers got busy and concocted a scheme to put a joke on one of their fellows.

2001 Re: Al Babin Question in rec.crafts.metalworking (Usenet newsgroup) 28 Oct. He tried to put a trick on me last year under one of his aliases. What a piece of whale dung!

†e. To encumber or ‘saddle’ a person with (something unwelcome or unpleasant); to thrust or impose (an encumbrance or hindrance) upon a person. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 89 Ros. With his mouth full of newes. Cel. Which he will put on vs, as Pigeons feed their young.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 173 Sinne had not had such force to put it selfe upon us.

1712 Proposals for printing Treat. Art of Political Lying 12 There wants nothing to be put upon the Publick but a false Author or a false Cause.

1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 28 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1979 She put herself upon him for a saint.

1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 418 Putting upon you gifts of no real value.

f. To cast (a magic spell, etc.) or place (a curse, etc.) on a person or thing.

ΚΠ

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Sea Voy. iv. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbbb3^v/2 Ye have read me a faire Lecture, And put a spell upon my tongue for fay[n]ing.

1724 tr. Tamerlano iii. iii. 73 This Man inchants me, puts a Charm upon me.

1754 Trial Elizabeth Canning 17/1 May be the Gipsy had put a Spell upon her.

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. xviii. 204 It was safer not to take a horse, lest..she should put a spell upon him.

1894 Atlanta Constit. 29 Apr. 23/5 It is a book that puts a spell upon the reader that holds until the story is read to the end.

1909 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 39 447 Promises and oaths are ratified by each contracting party putting a curse on the other should he break his oath.

1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 97/1 Patients would sometimes complain that a ‘spell’ had been put on them.

2001 Sight & Sound Sept. 6/1 There's something about winning the Venice Golden Lion that seems to put a hex on film-makers.

23.

(a) transitive. To present or address (a complaint, a claim, etc.) to a person or body; to propound (a question, supposition, etc.); to propose to or place before a person for consideration or answer. Also with double object.See also to put forth 2a at Phrasal verbs 1, to put forward 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.to put (the) case: see case n.¹ Phrases 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > ask, enquire [verb (transitive)] > ask a question

askOE

puta1350

inquirea1400

speera1500

demand1502

pose1862

to put up1901

lob1952

the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration

puta1350

purposea1382

propone1402

motion1505

exhibit1529

propound?1531

prefer1539

raise1566

to put forward1569

broach1579

start1579

offer1583

propose1614

first1628

to put it to a person1664

moot1685

suppose1771

pose1862

to put up1901

the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > address words to a person

dressa1325

puta1350

shapec1400

directc1450

address1518

apply1565

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 50 (MED) To Loue y putte pleyntes mo.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. pr. vi. 312 Herby is assoiled thilke thing that thou puttest [L. posuisti] a litel here-byforn.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 174 (MED) But I putte þis cas: þou art..sory in herte for þi synne.

1536 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 16 Whiche his grace will neyther by moche seke ne yet refuse if it be put unto him.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. viii. sig. S6 [He] beganne..to put interrogatories vnto him.

1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah 80 Because they could not tell who it was that had done the deede, they will put it to their Gods.

1625 B. Jonson Staple of Newes v. ii I have an entrapping question or two more, To put unto them.

1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 85 The Queen..put hard and weighty questions to him.

1703 in C. J. Hoadly Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1868) IV. 431 He was no wayes obliged to answer fully and truely to any questions that should..be put to him by way of cross-examination.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Anagram The question put by Pilate to Jesus Christ: Quid est veritas?

1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 267 Whatever others assert who may have put the question.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby III. vii. vi. 249 I might put before your Ladyship some considerations which might induce you..to be of opinion that it will be better for us to draw together in this business.

1852 O. W. Wight tr. V. Cousin Course Hist. Mod. Philos. II. xxii. 343 You put him a question to which he cannot respond, for he does not understand it.

1888 G. Gissing Life's Morning II. ix. 73 He did not put to himself the plain alternative.

1903 H. James Ambassadors x. xxv. 331 Chad had put him a pair of questions that themselves smoothed the ground.

1950 Times 26 Jan. 4/7 The London Society of Compositors has put a claim to the Master Printers.

1995 K. Ishiguro Unconsoled vi. 67 The story he was referring to..was clearly unsuitable to put before his mother.

2005 Independent on Sunday 13 Feb. 21/3 Three more times, the journalist put the question.

(b) transitive. to put it to a person: (with dependent clause; in later use chiefly with that) to present or submit (a question, statement, allegation, etc.) to a person for consideration or response.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration

puta1350

purposea1382

propone1402

motion1505

exhibit1529

propound?1531

prefer1539

raise1566

to put forward1569

broach1579

start1579

offer1583

propose1614

first1628

to put it to a person1664

moot1685

suppose1771

pose1862

to put up1901

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition > present (a petition)

to put up1384

porrectc1425

to put it to a person1664

overturea1856

1664 J. Wilson Andronicus Comnenius iii. i. 36 Ply him there; And put it to him what he thinks.

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. vi. 33 My aunt Hervey has put it to my mamma, whether it were not best to prevail upon my brother.

1793 Times 26 Dec. 3/4 I put it to you, whether you twelve are ready to go that length on the custom of merchants.

1820 in T. B. Howell State Trials (1826) XXXIII. 1080/2 He put it to you that he did not state what he expected to prove, but what he knew he should be able to prove.

1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 35 B—— put it to me if I should like to see Spenser as well as Chaucer.

1871 J. W. De Forest Overland xlii. 207 Sometimes she felt it her duty to put it to Thurstane that he owed eveything to his wife.

1908 G. B. Shaw Lett. to Granville Barker (1956) 120 He will probably put it to you whether, as a gentleman, you can ask for a salary when you have been doing nothing but razzling in America.

1988 D. Rowe Successful Self v. 140 I put it to them that Judith did not mind being angry but did not like being frightened.

2002 Empire Dec. 79/3 Jason Isaacs, I put it to you that you are a big girl's blouse.

b. transitive. To submit (a point for decision) to a vote or formal deliberative process; to present or commit to an assembly, electorate, etc., so that a formal decision may be made; to make a formal proposal of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > put to the vote

vote1577

to put to voices1578

put1599

to put (something) to the vote1599

1478 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 60/2 That the executioune of oure souuerain lordis lettres was nocht put to thaim in sic wis as [etc.].

1478–9 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 21/1 Dauid..consentit to put it to the said assise.

1599 in Hist. Soc. Writers to Signet (1890) 234 It being put to vote,..the maist part voteit to the said incorporatioun.

1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 57 The question was putt whether the Ballott should be used in all cases?

1689 T. Rymer View Govt. Europe 14 The Counsel..put it to the Vote who shall be their General.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 386 The previous question being then put, whether the main question should be then put, or not.

a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 13 On the question being put, it was carried without a division.

1829 Times 17 Aug. 1/6 The Mayor, contrary to all precedents,..refused to put the motion to the meeting.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Oct. 2/1 Mr. Parnell repeated..—‘You attempted to put the resolution and usurp my authority as chairman.’

1939 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 12 Dec. 1/3 The change was voted following a discussion in which several of the members of the board participated before it was put to the ballot.

1968 H. M. Taylor & A. G. Mears Right Way to conduct Meetings (ed. 7) xiv. 94 No major matter should ever be put to the vote under ‘Any other Business’.

2003 J. E. Glixon Honoring God & City v. 110 They found it necessary to fire their singers for reasons eloquently expressed in a motion put to the chapter.

c. intransitive. Cards. In the game of put (see put n.²): to challenge another player to see one's cards rather than play out the hand. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [verb (intransitive)] > actions in specific games > in put

puta1672

a1672 F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 158 If one bee neere up & the other puts, that is none towards the game... If hee that is allmost up puts, it is better to see him then to give him one, for beeing hee is likely to win however one need not feare putting it to the hazard. But it is best for him that has allmost got the set never to put, & for him that has none to put.

1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester xvi. 131 The eldest [hand] if he hath a good Game, and thinks it better than his Adversaries, puts to him, if the other will not or dare not see him, he then wins one, but if he will see him they play it out.

1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) xv. 96 Who would not put at such Cards?

2000 D. Parlett Penguin Encycl. Card Games 130 If one player 'puts', then the other two must jointly decide whether to concede or go for broke.

24.

a. transitive. To lay (blame) on or upon (formerly †in) a person or thing.

ΚΠ

a1350 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 29 Ȝe suld haue schame On me to put swilk wrangwys blame.

?1451–2 Richard, Duke of York in J. Stow Chrons. of Eng. (1580) 667 Henrie Norres..sayde vnto me..that I shoulde in no wise haue landing,..puttyng the blame vppon William Saye Usher of your Chamber.

c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 297 (MED) Cristen men shulden be war to putte falsliche blame on freris.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Vertere uitio, to put the blame in one.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiv. 617/2 King Henry..defends his cause by letters, and strongly puts the blame vpon the accusers.

1691 ‘N. N.’ Blatant Beast Muzzled 103 I should not impeach his Credit, nor reproach him for forging, but put the blame upon his bad Memory.

1705 A. Brown 2nd Ess. concerning Land Mint Introd. sig. A2 When a Collective Body sitts at the helm of a Nation, it seems not so easy on whom to put the blame, or lay the guilt of the miscarriage of things.

1775 J. Fea Present State Orkney Islands 27 For this, as we cannot put the blame upon nature, we must necessarily blame ourselves.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xli. 96 Don't put all the blame on me, and say I should have been locked up.

1960 Analog Sci. Fact & Fiction Oct. 151/1 We had to have a patsy—some one to put the blame on.

1993 Sun Mag. (Baltimore) 15 Aug. 11 Don't put the blame on the rave, they say; it's just as likely that the drug use is going on at school.

b. transitive. To blame (something) on or upon a person, esp. an innocent person; to lay (a crime, fault, etc.) to a person's charge; †to charge against, impute to (obsolete).Formerly also with that-clause as object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > accuse of or charge with

tee871

upbraidc1000

acoupc1300

retc1300

becalla1325

charge138.

impeachc1380

putc1380

blamea1400

appeach1430

gredea1450

articlea1460

filea1500

slander1504

to lay to one's charge1535

aggravate1541

to charge (a person) with1559

reproach1570

attaint1586

impute1596

censure1634

arraign1672

saddle1794

inculpate1799

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (transitive)] > throw blame on

witec893

putc1380

pina1627

load1662

to lay (or cast) the loada1715

scapegoat1943

c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 455 For as muche as we doon a reuerence To Crist..Ye putte on vs a cryme and eek a blame.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 15 Cristene men schulde nouȝt be dampned wiþ oute trespas i-put aȝenst hem and i-preved.

c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 42 (MED) Þe Iewes..put appone Hym þat He had saide blasefeme.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 68 Tharfore suld men be wele avisit, or thai put crime till a man.

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vi. xxiv. 272/2 He wolde not be aknowen of his synne, but put his synne on god, and excused hym by Eue.

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 89 (MED) He dide me gret harme & puttid þinges up on me þat I neuere þouȝte.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/2 You put upon me that I have hurte hym.

1564 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. i. 446 This fact and accusatioune aucht nocht to be put to the pannal as ane cryme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 70 What cannot you and I performe vpon Th' vnguarded Duncan? What not put vpon His spungie Officers?

1639 T. May Julia Agrippina v. i. 93 What plot shall wee invent to hide the deede, And put th'intent of murder upon her?

1702 R. Steele Funeral v. 73 I'll Try you for his Murder; which I find you'd put on me, thou Hellish Engine!

1845 J. F. Cooper Chainbearer II. xiv. 209 We must not put all these crimes and vices on our neighbours.

1883 Times 30 Nov. 12/1 He was afraid that Sir James Ingham must come to the conclusion..that there was an intention to put the crime upon some innocent person.

1904 S. J. Weyman Abbess of Vlaye iv Because it [sc. the mishap] was within a league of his castle, you put it on him?

1936 M. Bowen W. Hogarth 245 When Sarah Malcolm was examined,..she tried to put the murder on three of her acquaintances.

2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 5 July a1 I ain't trying to put the crime on no one else, for real. It was my fault, what I did.

**** Senses in which the notion of physical motion is purely metaphorical.

25.

a. transitive. To express (something) in spoken or written words; to turn into speech or writing, or a specified form of speech or writing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > put or string words together

put?c1335

string1605

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 156 (MED) Sleiȝ he was and ful of witte Þat þis lore put in writte.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 213 (MED) Willielmus Malmesburiensis putteþ hem in his book of kynges.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. l. 186 Which thyng..for as moche as folk that been to comen aftir our dayes schullen knowen it, I have put it in scripture.

c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess 54 In this bok were written fables That clerkes had in olde tyme, And other poets, put in rime.

1542 N. Vyllagon Lamentable & Piteous Treat. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 232 Put in wryting the ordre and estate of my voyage.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. x. 18 What soeuer wittie and delicate conceit of man meet or worthy to be put in written verse.

1669 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1976) IX. 447 I do purpose to put it in writing that shall make the Treasurers ashamed.

1714 W. Newton Princ. Low-church-men 60 When the Psalms were first put in Verse they were much used in Churches and Houses by all that lov'd the Reformation.

1779 Mirror No. 7 (1781) 1 45 I have at last ventured to put myself into print in the Mirror.

1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 48 It is not sufficient that it be put into writing after his death.

1878 H. S. Leigh Town Garland 205 They're all of them eager For sentimentalities put into rhyme.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out iv. 60 One enormous question, which she did not in the least know how to put into words.

1973 H. Brodkey in Amer. Rev. Feb. 23 I didn't put it in words but thought in great misty blocks of something known or sensed.

2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 Feb. vi. 1/2 After you have this conversation with your boss, put the information in writing and carbon copy it to human resources.

b. transitive. To translate or render (speech or writing) in or into another language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)]

setc888

wendeOE

turnc1175

writec1275

drawa1325

translatea1375

expound1377

takea1382

interpret1382

transpose1390

remue?a1400

renderc1400

put?a1425

to draw outa1450

reducec1450

compile1483

redige?1517

make1529

traducea1533

traduct1534

converta1538

do1561

to set out1597

transcribe1639

throw1652

metaphrase1868

versionize1874

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 4 (MED) I haue put this boke out of latyn into frensch and translated it aȝen out of frensch in to Englyssch.

a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 1^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Put I haif translatit [this book],..puttand all in Yngligis [sic] that Lating reportis.

1655 (title) The Lusiad..written in the Portingall language by Luis De Camoens..put into English by Richard Fanshawe.

1688 A. Behn To Poet Bavius 10 We are content thou shouldst in Scoundrel Verse, Put into French the Famous Hudebras.

1735 J. Andrews Answer to Late Pamphlet, entitled Exam. Scheme Church Power 104 Prayers for Processions and Litanies were put into English, and published.

1791 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. II. 230 Only three of them [sc. letters] were put into Latin by Buchanan, and the rest were in Scots.

1833 Fraser's Mag. 7 602 Whose Germanical jabber Master Ben..put into English.

1893 H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey I. i. 32 ‘I never knew’, Keble once said, ‘how Pindar might be put into English until I heard Pusey construe him in his examination.’

1907 W. B. Guthrie Socialism before French Revol. ii. 57 ‘Utopia’ was put into Italian in 1548, appearing in Venice.

1950 K. Vonnegut Bagombo Snuff Box (1999) 27 If you want something fancier, maybe we could put it into Greek.

1991 Classical Q. New Ser. 41 517 Such an answer would not have been easy to put into Latin.

c. transitive. To express or state in a particular way. Chiefly with adverb or adverbial phrase.to put it mildly: see mildly adv. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > express in a specific style [verb (transitive)] > express in particular terms

layc1330

setc1460

couch1529

terma1535

phrase1556

put1571

shape1589

word1602

1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lix. 17) i. f. 228 Hee elegantly putteth the doubtfull speeche in a diverse mening.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 481 Was ever any Declamator's Theme so extravagantly put?

1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. ix. 175 This natural Notion of Equity the Son of Sirach has put in the strongest way.

1795 M. Edgeworth Ess. Self-justification 31 in Lett. for Lit. Ladies Interrogatories artfully put may lead an unsuspicious reasoner, you know, always to your own conclusion.

1836 F. Marryat Japhet III. xix. 218 This new feature of the case, so aptly put by the old lawyer.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. xvii. 357 Most of whom would not scruple—as Mr. Brown strongly put it—to steal a copper out of a blind beggar's hat.

1867 Good Words 8 597/2 The French have such a brilliant, graceful, and ingenious way of ‘putting things’.

1870 H. Labouchere in Daily News 30 Dec. 6/1 To make frequent ‘pacts with death’,..to pillage houses and—to put it poetically—toy with Amaryllis in the trench, or with the tangles of Nereas' hair.

1889 ‘F. Pigot’ Strangest Journey 301 He heard a good story well put.

1927 Harper's Mag. Oct. 574/1 Our taste, to put it brutally, is the taste of parvenus.

1940 N. Tranter Harsh Heritage ii. 32 I resent your way of putting things, Millicent.

1952 E. Partridge From Sanskrit to Brazil 94 These charges of anachronism are, to put it courteously, sheer ‘hooey’.

1957 J. Braine Room at Top (1960) 73 I've always felt like that myself, only I can't put it as well as you.

2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 7 Sept. iv. 1/2 Part of the ‘new normalcy’, as Tom Ridge, the homeland security secretary, put it in a speech last week.

d. transitive. To set down in writing, to write. Cf. to put down 5a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing

adighteOE

to set on writea900

dightc1000

writeOE

brevea1225

layc1330

indite1340

take1418

annote1449

printa1450

scribe1465

redact?a1475

reduce1485

letter1504

recite1523

to commit to writing (also paper)1529

pen1530

reduce?1533

token up1535

scripture1540

titulea1550

to set down1562

quote1573

to put down1574

paper1594

to write down1594

apprehend1611

fix1630

exarate1656

depose1668

put1910

1910 Washington Post 11 Dec. 5 The printer man forgot to put a place to put your name, address, age, and school.

1943 P. Larkin Let. 13 Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 85 From all accounts the physical conditions resemble a minor Passchendaele. You just put ‘UKFA’—what ders that mean?

1978 P. Grace Mutuwhenua xviii. 130 This is a very long letter but I've still got more to put.

1997 Toronto Star (Nexis) 26 July j1 Should I put my phone number?

2002 Evening Standard (Nexis) 18 Sept. 30 I put the mom's name, the boys in the car, and, at the bottom, the child's name, address, and the mom's cellphone number. I printed it out and distributed it.

†26. transitive. To convert or change into something else. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)]

wendOE

forshapeOE

workOE

awendOE

makec1175

turna1200

forwenda1325

change1340

shape1362

transmewc1374

transposec1380

puta1382

convertc1384

exchangea1400

remue?a1400

makea1425

reduce?a1425

removec1425

resolvea1450

transvertc1450

overchangec1480

mew1512

transmutea1513

wring1524

reduct1548

transform1556

innovate1561

metamorphose1576

transume1579

metamorphize1587

transmove1590

transchangea1599

transfashion1601

deflect1613

fordo1624

entail1628

transmutate1632

distila1637

to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637

transqualify1652

unconvert1654

simulate1658

spend1668

transverse1687

hocus-pocus1774

mutate1796

fancy1801

to change around1871

metamorphosize1888

catalyse1944

morph1996

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. v. 20 Wo þat seyn euel good & good euel, puttinge derknessis liȝt & liȝt derknesses, puttinge bitter in to sweet & sweet in to bitter.

c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 19 (MED) The lyvery for horses..now is lefte and put into silver to increse theyre wages.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 181 All the cite..þai set vppon fyre..Grete palis of prise put into askys.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 628 If a man would change any part of his Horses haire, as..take away the black haires and put them into white.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. iii. 70 We..put our small Fortune [invested in effects]..into Money.

27. transitive. To establish, impose, or bring about (a state, condition, relation, or alteration) in, on, or to a thing, action, or circumstance, or between two people or things. †to put order to: to take steps towards bringing about; cf. to take (an) order at order n. 18 (obsolete).to put an end to, period to, stop to, stopper on, veto on, etc.: see the nouns.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring about a state or condition in, on, or to

puta1382

inwork1855

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to be or become

seta1000

workOE

makeOE

puta1382

turna1393

yieldc1430

breedc1460

rendera1522

devolve1533

cause1576

infer1667

the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > do about or with > take action on or about

to put order to1556

action1960

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iii. 15 Enmyte I schall putte [a1425 L.V. sette; L. ponam] by twix þe & þe womman.

?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 9 (MED) Lord, what profite were it to wynne þis world & putt peirement to þis soule?

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. lvj^v/2 After that he had put and sette good estate..in spayne.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xv. 9 And he putt no difference betwene them and vs.

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. L6 He ordonnede, soddainely that..one put ordre to the deathe of his doughter.

1592 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1597) c. 114 To put ordour to all maters and causes Ecclesiasticall.

1601 R. Johnson in tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat sig. A2^v I put a period to these lines.

1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 51 The Syrian Leper..vainly fant'sied, that Gods appointment could not put a difference between things that knew no other.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 12 Put a Quick end to this Treaty.

1760 Impostors Detected I. i. iii. 14 [This] put a sudden damp to their zeal.

1807 ‘P. Plymley’ Two Lett. on Catholics i. 13 Infamous and damnable laws..which have been put an end to by him.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 213 To solicit the Lords to put some check on the violence of the Commons.

1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein (1879) II. viii. ii. 346 The object..was simply to put discord between Prussia and Russia, and so overcome each in succession.

1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 193/2 And then he saw that gallant lady..put a quietus to her husband.

1975 Amer. Hist. Rev. 80 1312/2 Increasing neglect and mismanagement of Irish affairs put a limit to the expansion of Anglo-Ireland.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Jan. d5/4 Postconcussion syndrome put a premature end to the career of another Jets wide receiver..late in the 1992 season.

28.

a. transitive. With adjectival or adverbial complement: to regard or assess as having the place or rank (in a scale of magnitude, set of categories, etc.) that is expressed by the complement; to estimate or suppose as having the specified value, price, etc.; to value, rate. Formerly also with noun complement: †to regard as or suppose to be what is specified (obsolete). †to put at no reverence: to hold in no esteem, set at nought (obsolete). †to put before (to): to rank above in estimation, importance, or precedence (obsolete). See also to put behind.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > according to rule or standard

meteeOE

examine1340

puta1382

measurec1384

scan?c1550

cantle1603

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to > establish priorities > give priority to

to put before (to)a1382

prioritize1954

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] > give precedence to

to put before (to)a1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxix. 30 He..putte befor [L. praetulit] to þe raþer þe loue of here þat come after.

a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 363 (MED) Men gon not bi resoun ne bi Goddis lawe..but putte þe pope here heierste juge, as ȝif he were god in erþe.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. viii. 27 How brotel possessioun thei coveyten that putten the goodes of the body aboven hir owene resoun.

c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 134 (MED) Þe bodyes and þe Reliqes of iij holy kyngis were put at [v.r. had in] no reuerence, but vtterlich set at nouȝt.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 41 (MED) The divine iustice..punyschithe the iuste and trwe men with the synners and puttith thinnocentis and wikkid people as all one.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 4874 I put not vnpossible ȝon place for to take.

a1573 W. Lauder Minor Poems (1870) 35 The Hypocreitis, before God puts thair kings.

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 103 If A be put equall to C, then C.B::A. B::C.D.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 10 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors They put the Caspian Sea too high, and consequently allow Persia a greater breadth from North to South, than it really hath.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Penny At Hambourg, Nuremberg, &c. the Penin of Account, is put equal to the French Penny Tournois.

1789 J. Adam Pract. Ess. Agric. I. vi. 492 The price of keeping the stock is surely not put too high.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art Add. 248 There are three weighty matters of the law—justice, mercy, and truth; and of these the Teacher puts truth last... But men put, in all their efforts, truth first.

1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 9 Whether you think I am putting the motives of popular action too low.

1905 in R. Morris Railroad Admin. (1910) vii. 154 In point of fact, the initial figure was put too high, and the increase fell far below the original expectations.

1939 Fortune Oct. 96/1 The consumer-conscious retailer puts radio first, and, unblushingly makes retailing second in deserving public esteem.

1964 Discovery Oct. 7/3 An FAO hydrogeologist..has put the importance of groundwater very high.

2004 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 8 Apr. a10/6 We are going to put agriculture first..we are going to give agriculture its pride of place in terms of priority on the economic models.

b. transitive. To estimate at a specified magnitude, value, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > be valued at [verb (transitive)] > set value on

praisea1325

extendc1330

appraise1424

value1434

value1439

setc1460

valure1487

appreciate1512

rate1555

estimate1611

put1755

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 197 For Labour and Wood..which has not been valued, but put at least at 25 Rixdollars.

1803 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 17 He puts the income tax at 4,500,000l.

1890 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Jan. 79 A circulation which a competent authority puts at three millions.

1957 F. Hoyle Black Cloud (1960) 134 By the way, what would you put the outer radius at?

1968 N.Y. Times 11 Aug. i. 3 They put their own losses at three killed and a dozen wounded.

2004 Independent 19 July (Review section) 2/2 Rich-lists put his wealth at between £600m and £700m.

29.

a. transitive. To set or place (a meaning, price, etc.) on, upon, or †in a person or thing; to attribute or assign (a quality, value, etc.) to.to put a name to: see name n. and adj. Phrases 14. not to put it past a person: see past prep. 3d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > inhere in or be an attribute of [verb (transitive)] > attribute or ascribe as an attribute

puta1382

applya1393

suppose?a1425

ascribec1475

attach?1531

attribute1533

adscribe1534

assign?1541

allude1561

repose1561

predicate1614

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Tob. i. 9 He tooc a wijf..& he gat of hire a sone, his owne name puttynge to hym.

1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 106 Thou puttist defaut to prestes.

?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 3 It is a fendis pride a synful creature to putte defautte in þe ordynaunce of crist.

?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. B.vi For physyk puttyth this reason therto.

1530 E. Crome in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. x. 20 I doo nott putt fawte in no man.

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 338 Our Sauiour reproueth the Pharisees for washing of their hands..because they put holinesse therein.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 25 Nov. (1976) IX. 375 I do see that he doth continue to put a value upon my advice.

a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1710) II. 155 Putting the best construction upon all men's words and actions.

1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments vi. §ii. i. 418 What ends are fit to be pursued, and what degree of relative value we ought to put upon each.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ix. 218 Put not a price on my deliverance..sell not a deed of generosity.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xvii. §2. 31 This too we need not doubt, at least in the sense which the great Survey enables us to put upon it.

1928 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 42 373 [Futures markets] tend to put a price on the futures that is below a proper parity with spot grain.

1957 I. M. L. Hunter Memory iv. 86 The same drama may be played out before two spectators each of whom will, as is popularly and so rightly said, put his own construction on it.

1991 Observer 3 Feb. 20/4 The government was prepared unilaterally to put interpretations to those agreements which were in conflict with the spirit and the letter of those agreements.

2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) x. 328 In the case of Rwanda's collapse we can put faces and motives on the unpleasant solution.

b. transitive. To regard or represent (something) as based upon or arising from a particular source; to base or found (an idea, action, etc.) on or upon something specified. Now rare (chiefly Law in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)]

titleOE

aretc1340

witena1375

witnea1375

reta1382

depute1382

wite1382

seta1387

layc1425

expoundc1430

imputec1480

attribue1481

assign1489

reckon1526

attribute1530

count1535

allot?1556

draw1578

object1613

prefer1628

entitle1629

implya1641

to score (something) on1645

intitule1651

put1722

to put down1723

charge1737

own1740

place1802

to set down1822

affiliate1823

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 222 I reflect upon no Man for putting the Reason of those Things upon the immediate Hand of God.

1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xii. 229 The Scripture..has..put the Principle of Virtue upon the Love of our Neighbour.

1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 572 It is said generally, and is not put upon any custom.

1864 J. H. Newman Apologia iv. 118 I would have no dealings with my brother, and I put my conduct upon a syllogism.

1884 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 12 282 I wish to put my judgment on the plain and broad ground already stated.

1963 Virginia Law Rev. 49 755 In pronouncing that a universitas or collegium could not be excommunicated, he put his decision on the ground that a corporation was a person only by a fiction.

30.

a. transitive. To place with or in by way of addition; to add in (also into, to, †unto, †upon) something. Cf. to put in 5 at Phrasal verbs 1, to put to 1 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΚΠ

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 73 Þe Romayns..bygynne here ȝere from þe monþe of Marche..to þis Pompilius his tyme; but he putte [?a1475 anonymous translation addede] Ianeuer and Feuerrer to þe bygynnynge of þe ȝere.

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 99 After 2 or 3 dayes put to þis emplastre..chosen mirre.

a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 32 Take halfe a dosyn Chykonys..þen putte þer-to a gode gobet of freysshe Beef.

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 2153 ‘Suscipe me, domine’... Sal þai ilkon reherce thrise, With ‘gloria patri’ put þerto.

a1456 tr. Secreta Secret. (Marmaduke, Ashm. 59) (1977) 223 (MED) Late him..forsake his owen propre appetytes and never putte mete vppon mete withe full stomake.

1526 Grete Herball cclxxx. sig. Qi^v/2 Whan it is well soden put therto powdres of spyces.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xviii. 6 There maye nothinge be taken from them, nothinge maye be put vnto them.

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. 4 The invention of a thing..is very hard and rare: yet easie is it for a man to eeke and put somewhat thereto.

1682 Art & Myst. of Vintners 3 Put thereto a gallon of Milk.

1710 W. Salmon Family Dict. (ed. 5) 152 When half-stew'd in White-wine, with a little Salt, put to them some Horse-Radish.

1752 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifery (new ed.) 95 Take twelve eggs, beat them well, put to them a pint of cream.

a1849 E. Elliott More Verse & Prose (1850) I. 21 Said Death to Pol Sly, ‘Put no rum in thy tea.’

1891 Good Words Aug. 532/2 They put water to their wine.

1919 Vinegar Hand Bk. (Hydraulic Press Manuf. Co.) 57 Never, under any consideration, put either ‘mother’ or old vinegar into sweet cider.

1951 L. Craig Singing Hills iv. 31 Every one had coffee... When I tasted mine I thought, for a moment, that poison had been put in it.

1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 209 The whole family put a little to it. Most of it come from the selfsame money he send.

b. To substitute (something) for something else in fact, thought, or expression; to set actually or conceptually in the place of something.

(a) transitive. With instead of. Also in its (his, etc.) stead.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)]

changec1225

shifta1325

puta1400

underputc1400

put1483

put1535

subrogate1548

substitute1548

surrogate1586

counterchange1604

supplya1618

suffect1620

commute1667

succeed1667

to be in (another person's) shoes1842

sub1919

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 338 (MED) Summen in stide of cepum þei putten buttir.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 119 (MED) So doiþ vnguentum Nutritum if þou take awey þe vinegre & putte whit wiyn in his stide.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1259 A Trochæus was put in stead of a Pæon.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 320 To put Nominatives instead of Oblique Cases.

1763 W. Emerson Method of Increments 23 To expunge any redundant factor, put in its stead any other factor which is equivalent to it.

1816 tr. S. F. Lacroix Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus 148 This developement has been obtained by first putting x + h instead of x.

1901 M. Franklin My Brilliant Career xxviii. 234 A cup was broken, and another..was put in its stead.

1918 Times 30 Nov. 6/3 It is fear that stops a people,..and what I want to put instead of fear is faith.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 44 97 Galileo and others appreciated that it was necessary to reject Aristotelianism and put in its stead a mechanistic, mathematical or atomistic view of nature.

(b) transitive. With for.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)]

changec1225

shifta1325

puta1400

underputc1400

put1483

put1535

subrogate1548

substitute1548

surrogate1586

counterchange1604

supplya1618

suffect1620

commute1667

succeed1667

to be in (another person's) shoes1842

sub1919

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 To Putte a thinge for a noder, reciprocare.

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cvi^v Antonomasia, is, whych for y^e proper name putteth some other word.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. v. 20 Which put darknes for light, and light for darkenesse.

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxiii. 300 The triduan rest of Christ in the graue, must be vnderstood by the figure synecdoche, a part put for the whole.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §47. 83 Figuratively..a speciall put for the generall, it signifieth the pestilence.

1715 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Memorable Things Lost I. 2 In Pliny, Purple is often put for the Chief Magistrate.

1811 A. McLean Comm. Heb. vi. (1847) 245 The apostle continues the metonymical use of the word hope, by which it is put for the object or ground of it.

1936 D. B. Macdonald Hebrew Philos. Genius iii. 44 The voice of the Memrá is heard and the Memrá is put for the ‘hand’ of Jehovah.

1957 Amer. Math. Monthly 64 160 From AIV, D_y log y = 1/D_xe^x = 1/e^x = 1/y. The theorem follows by putting x for y.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)]

changec1225

shifta1325

puta1400

underputc1400

put1483

put1535

subrogate1548

substitute1548

surrogate1586

counterchange1604

supplya1618

suffect1620

commute1667

succeed1667

to be in (another person's) shoes1842

sub1919

1535 J. Mason in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 59 The ignorant preist..wolde not suffer the name of Satanas in the Masbook, butt strake itt owte and putt God in the place of itt.

1653 Z. Coke Art of Logick 131 Let a compound or Hypothetical, never be put in the place of a conclusion, but only a simple or Categorical.

1659 Sir A. A. Cooper in T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 284 It is clearly a putting others in their place, and is setting up a thing that is quite contrary.

1725 E. Haywood Brit. Recluse in Secret Hist. (ed. 2) II. 108 She still retain'd too great a Tenderness for her absent Lover, to entertain the least Thought of putting any other in his Place.

1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son iii. 43 If the truth is not to be spoken, 'tis mighty proper to agree what we shall put in the place of it.

1868 Q. Rev. Jan. 59 Auricular confession put in place of the old exomologesis.

1954 P. Frankau Wreath for Enemy iii. ii. 163 You don't, at my age escape from an obsession unless you find another to put in its place.

2001 PMLA 116 1406/2 A plan to eliminate literature [from the curriculum] almost entirely, putting in its place media studies.

31.

a. transitive. To apply (an ability, asset, resource, etc.) to (†into, †unto) a use, purpose, or object, or (formerly) in order †to do something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose

bestowc1315

lay1340

putc1390

apply1395

usea1398

applicate?a1425

deputec1425

explay1552

employ1553

consecrate1555

implya1625

sacrate1653

consign1700

devote1703

to give up1885

c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 527 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 598 Ȝif þou be mon of bodi strong..Puyt þi strengþe in-to prou.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 3 (MED) The comoun peple, þat wolde putte here bodyes & here catell for to conquere oure heritage..may not don it withouten the lordes.

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 288 Who-so is reised in a gretter state than longithe to him, puttith grete labour [a1460 anon. tr. dothe grete peyne] to haue the wordis of envious men.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 62^v (MED) By good discresioun þou putte al þi bisynes first to þat cause þat þou seest moost nede in þe wounde.

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 8 Puttand all laubour and deligence to his..seruice.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 263 They put all their goodes vnto the Englishmens pleasures.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xv. sig. D2^v No man puts his Braine to more vse then hee.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 37 O glorious strength Put to the labour of a Beast.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iv. 34 The great difference..in the Notion of Mankind, is, from the different use they put their Faculties to.

1766 C. Shaw Race (ed. 2) 23 Puts it to purposes—unfit to name.

1840 F. M. Trollope Michael Armstrong xxi. 229 It should never check our efforts to put to profit the means of happiness he has granted to us here.

1883 Times 6 July 7/2 It would be easy to put money to wrong purposes.

1928 Bulletin (Sydney) 1 Feb. 25/1 The dead marine is put to all sorts of uses out back.

1950 C. S. Belshaw Island Admin. in S.W. Pacific xii. 122 In one or two cases Councils unofficially..levied their own funds, which were to be put to such purposes as paying school-teachers.

1992 Metro (San Jose, Calif.) 7 May 30/3 Bellowing like lions or cooing like feral doves, the Edlos put the human voice to unnatural uses.

b. transitive. To cause (a piece of land) to be given over to a particular crop. Also with into, under.

ΚΠ

1795 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Aug. in Papers (2000) XXVIII. 435 The experiment is decisively against the common opinion that it is better to put weak land into rye than wheat.

1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 524 I put the ground..under early potatoes.

1861 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 22 ii. 294 The oat-stubbles being put to winter vetches.

1896 N. Amer. Rev. 163 715 Put the land into kafir corn.

1976 P. Driscoll Barboza Credentials ii. iv. 82 He bought ten hectares of rich, silt-laden land..and put them under sugar-cane.

1993 TLC for Plants Spring 17/3 Many tobacco farmers have opted to put at least part of their land into ginseng.

c. transitive. With into. To invest (effort, work, or energy) in a particular endeavour; to expend in the performance or completion of a specified task.

ΚΠ

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cxxxiv. 618 His ivory leg had been snapped off... ‘The ferrule has not stood, sir,’ said the carpenter, now coming up; ‘I put good work into that leg.’

1872 Ladies' Repository Nov. 336/1 Only what we..put our best effort into, is helped to a successful issue.

1902 R. H. Barbour Behind Line 234 Now go ahead, get together, put all you've got into it.

1934 T. G. Joslin Hoover Off Rec. v. 56 Hoover took and gave with the others, putting everything he had into the game.

1965 Sun 8 June 7/7 They have to put a lot of work into bikes.

2002 S. Perera Do Right Thing 10 I put everything into my job. I don't have the energy to map my future.

32. transitive. To place or repose (trust, faith, confidence, etc.) in a person or thing. Formerly also with †to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > put trust in

setc825

besetc1175

laya1307

putc1400

repose1538

pin1583

c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 65 (MED) Children..schullen tellen here children þat þei putten þer hope in God.

c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 100 (MED) That pouertie that God has sent you..may aftre yelde you rytches and worshipp double folde if ye putt holle your trust to hym.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 25 (MED) Late not this gret and importune losses..by infortune and of over grete favoure and trust put to youre adversaries, fallen ayenst this lande.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 121/1 Those nygromancers..that put theyr confydence in the roundell and cercle on the grounde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxlv[i.] 3 Put not youre trust in prynces.

1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love Praeludium sig. A4 Tis a signe Sir, you put not that Confidence in your good Clothes, and your better Face, that a Gentleman should do.

1672 in W. Fraser Memorials Family Wemyss (1888) III. 116 As you puit your trust in God Almighty's mercys.

1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. vi. xxii. 300 A Warning..to put the greatest Confidence in your self, and not rely too much upon another.

1767 ‘A. Barton’ Disappointment i. ii. 53 I put too much confidence in dose I tought my friends, and dey deceib'd me.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. iii. 67 Of course I put implicit confidence in you.

1889 G. Gissing Nether World III. v. 94 He put no faith in Sidney's assertion.

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 341/1 Persons subjected to the trials would often put more confidence in charms, magic formulas, and ointments than in the intervention of Providence.

1958 B. L. Montgomery Mem. (1961) 205 The administrative staff..neither had the knowledge themselves, nor the courage and good sense to put their trust in the information they received.

2004 Daily Tel. 24 Dec. 1/2 Some patients put a lot of faith into diamorphine because the pain is well controlled.

33.

a. To apply or commit (money) to some end, and related uses.

(a) transitive. With in or into. To invest (money, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest

improve1461

occupy1465

to put out1572

vie1598

put1604

stock1683

sink1699

place1700

vest1719

fund1778

embark1832

to put forth1896

1604 T. Moffett Will in Moffett & Bennet's Health's Improvem. (1746) p. xxvii I give thirtie Shillings, to be put into a Ringe.

1688 G. Burnett Three Lett. conc. Present State Italy iii. 158 This was a great encouragment to draw in men, to put Money into the stock.

1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 31 He put what was left, together with my little Stock, into that unfortunate Bottom.

1793 C. Smith Old Manor House IV. vi. 130 He at length determined..if that could be done, to put the money it would produce into some business.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. v. xliv. 143 Arthur would put some money into the concern, and buy the old man out in another year or two.

1896 Sunday Herald (Syracuse, N.Y.) 29 Mar. 16/4 Any one can put money in bricks and mortar. I would rather give to brains.

1945 Fortune Mar. 229/1 Putting their money into high-grade bonds or blue chips would have provided only a meager income.

1999 D. T. Dingle Black Enterprise Titans of B.E. 100s i. 23 Johnson had been unable to convince potential investors and partners..to put money in any of his ventures.

(b) transitive. With toward, towards. To contribute or pay (money, etc.); to use as part payment.

ΚΠ

1881 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 25 Oct. There will be a railroad tax of nearly $26,000. This is quite an item and ought to be put toward a new court house.

1898 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 17 Mar. 1/3 Whenever my mother used to get any money ahead by working here, she used to put it toward paying for the house.

1932 Times 17 June 15/4 The young couple could put the money towards things that they would really like to have.

1990 InterCity Mag. Sept. 11/1 The Frequent Traveller scheme, which offers points on rail travel which can be put towards a series of rewards.

2001 Wired Apr. 216/3 Put the extra cash toward starting a healthy SACD collection.

b. transitive. To stake or risk on or upon something. Formerly also with †at, †to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > chance or risk [verb (transitive)] > venture upon or take the chances of

adventurea1387

set1597

put1612

to risk it1758

1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. B Deale Merchant-like, put it vpon one maine, And throw at all.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 121 Would I had put my Estate, and my Neighbors on th' approbation of what I haue spoke.

a1626 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain in Certain Misc. Wks. (1670) 15 The Spanish Navy..durst not put it to a Battel at Sea, but set up their rest wholly upon the Land-Enterprize.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 190 So farre as my interest in Religion goeth..I shall willingly put it wholly upon this issue.

1711 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 129 The resolution had been taken of putting all upon a battle.

1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 53/2 [It] obliged him, at no small hazard, to put all at the issue.

1823 J. Neal Seventy-six I. ii. 27 Here are four of us already, and before tomorrow night, I will put my head upon the issue, that I carry forty more with me.

1877 C. Reade Woman-hater I. vii. 166 When..either colour has come up four times, you can put a moderate stake on the other colour.

1954 D. Abse Ash on Young Man's Sleeve 62 I put a quid on him at 3 to 1.

1994 BBC Holidays Oct. 35/2 You can also go for broke by putting the lot on a ‘straight up’ bet at odds of 35 to one.

34. transitive. Stock Market. To sell or deliver (assets) at an agreed price on or before a particular date, thus exercising a put option. Cf. put n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > specific operations

subscribe1618

to take up1655

to sell out1721

to take in1721

to take up1740

pool?1780

capitalize1797

put1814

feed1818

to vote (the) stock (or shares)1819

corner1836

to sell short1852

promote1853

recapitalize1856

refund1857

float1865

water1865

margin1870

unload1870

acquire1877

maintain1881

syndicate1882

scalp1886

pyramid1888

underwrite1889

oversubscribe1891

joint-stock1894

wash1895

write1908

mark1911

split1927

marry1931

stag1935

unwind1958

short1959

preplace1966

unitize1970

bed and breakfast1974

index-link1974

warehouse1977

daisy-chain1979

strip1981

greenmail1984

pull1986

1814 Stock-Exchange laid Open Gloss. Put their Bears, selling to put more to it, if the seller choose on a certain day at the same price.

1885 Daily News 13 Mar. 2/1 Those who desire to buy the option of ‘putting’—i.e. delivering—Russian stock on the present basis of prices during the next six weeks.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 6/1 If his tone with regard to the political outlook is favourable operators will ‘call’ the stock; if otherwise, they hope to be able to ‘put’ it.

1933 H. D. Berman Stock Exchange xvi. 76 If the price is between 29s. 9d. and 27s. 3d. you buy the shares and put them, and thus get part of your option money back.

1991 Independent on Sunday 19 May (Business section) 2/3 Shareholders have the right to sell—or ‘put’—the bonds back to the company at an inflated price.

35. transitive. Business. To arrange for (a transaction, commodity, etc.) to be dealt with through an intermediary.Originally with reference to the use of intermediary stockjobbers in the stock market (also as to put through the market); cf. put-through n. 1.

ΚΠ

1934 C. Brooks Conc. Dict. Finance 303 When a broker has orders both to buy and sell the same security he puts them through the market.

1959 Economist 21 Mar. 1099/1 The brokers in these shares..find it convenient to ‘marry’ the buying and selling orders. The normal practice has been for such a deal to be ‘put through’ a jobber at a very small turn for him.

1985 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 4th Ser. Christmas Special 279 By the time we've put them through the fence we'll get what, six grand for the pair.

1990 Times (Nexis) 18 Aug. Pre-Big Bang, the jobbers would be shown deals within and between brokers that were formally ‘put through’ them.

1994 PR Week (Nexis) 2 June Two products it thinks too unusual to put through normal retail outlets.

†IV. Senses which are apparently after senses of classical Latin pōnere to put, place (see ponent n.).

36. transitive. To lay down (one's life) for someone or something (or, in quot. a1500, in exchange for the life of another). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > lay down one's life

to lose (also give, lay down, etc.) one's lifeOE

layc1330

putc1384

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xv. 13 No man hath more loue than this, that ony man putte his soule, that is, lyf, for his frendis[L. ut animam suam ponat quis pro amicis suis.].

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 183 (MED) Whanne kynges comeþ to strengþe, þey putteþ [v.r. potteþ; L. exponunt] þeire lif for wommen.

a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 363 Crist..puttide his lyf for his sheep.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 323 (MED) The clerkis weren redi forto putte her lijfis for witnessing of trouthe.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 423 If the housbond be myghty and good, he oweth to deffende here, and putt his life for here life.

a1579 H. Balnaves Confession of Faith (1584) 5 Greater loue than this can no man showe, but that he put his life for his frendes.

37. transitive. Frequently with that-clause as object.

a. To posit, suppose, assume. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > assume, presuppose [verb (transitive)] > as basis for argument

seta1340

supposec1350

posec1385

putc1390

to put (also set) the casec1405

suppositionc1449

demit1556

suppose1594

s'pose1632

case1647

feign1688

posit1697

postulate1705

c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2666 But lat vs now putte that ye haue leue to venge yow.

1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 95 And one being put, the other is put.

a1640 W. Fenner Hidden Manna (1652) 74 Put that Christ did not dye for them.

1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 7 An End in Arts not conjectural..must be put when the means are put.

b. To lay down as a rule or law; to ordain. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint > to be observed

setc1000

ordainc1325

puta1475

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 598 (MED) And put (by..sure pleggis) the forsaid Robert and Iohn..that thei be there to hire that recognycion.

?a1500 (a1471) Brut (Lyell) in J. S. Davies Eng. Chron. (1856) 105 (MED) And forthermore ordeyneth, puttethe, and stabylysshethe..that all statutys, ordenaunces, and actes of parlement..be annulled.

1678 in C. B. Gunn Rec. Baron Court Stitchill (1905) 83 Therefor the Judge..putts inacts and decernes for futur trouble in tyme cummeng that every persons grasse [etc.].

c. To state, assert, affirm; to declare as a fact. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 29 b/1 Saynt Bernard putteth iiii maners of love.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. 183/2 Y^e holders of y^t oppinion do put, y^t no man maye for all y^t take vpon him to preache or medle as priest, til he be chosen by the congregacion.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1016 Caster..And Pollux..As poyetis han put..Were getyn by a gode on a grete lady.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. ii. 78 As common bruite doth put it.

Phrases

†P1. to put no doubt (and variants): to raise or entertain no doubt; to be certain (to do something). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 761 (MED) They hym comfortyd & bad hym put no dowte, Hys vttyr enemy Vyce to ouerthrow.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 633/2 Be he never so stronge I put no doutes to mayster hym.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Gii ^v God forbyd wyfe, ye shall fyrst iet. I will not iet yet (quoth she) put no doubtyng.

?a1610 A. Montgomerie Poems (1887) xxxvi. 28 I put no doubt bot ȝe wald do Ȝour pouer me to saive.

a1653 H. Binning Common Princ. Christian Relig. (1659) 253 I put no doubt it would be most acceptable unto you, if you knew your misery, and..you could not but accept it, if you beleeved that it were true and faithfull.

1784 J. Goldie Gospel Recovered from Captive State VI. xii. xviii. 256 I put no doubt, but that even thousands of such..will certainly be convinced of the justness of what is contained therein.

P2. to put (a person) to it.

a. To force, challenge, or require (a person) to do something indicated by the context. Usually in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel

pullc1300

firk1340

enforce138.

pressa1393

thrust14..

impel1490

urge1576

to put (a person) to it1581

importune1598

to lay weight upon1600

riot1777

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (intransitive)] > to action

to put (a person) to it1581

to hold (also put) a pistol to (also at) (a person's) head1841

to force (one's) hand1860

to twist (someone's) arm1953

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. To Rdr. sig. j^v A pleasaunt Gentleman (who could haue spoken sufficiently, yf he had been put to it).

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue ii. 38 When they are put to it, they come far short of some principall pointes required.

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 146 I'le put him to't, before the play be plaide.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 139 Men behaved themselves well enough in Action, when they were put to it.

1831 J. K. Paulding Dutchman's Fireside II. xv. 97 ‘Can you play Ingen when you are put to it?’ ‘I have been among them, and know something of their character and manners.’

1868 M. E. Braddon Dead-Sea Fruit xviii There is nothing a man of the world can't do when he's put to it.

1912 W. Boyle Family Failing i. 23 I could work if I was put to it.

1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 222/1 If ye put me til it I'll do ye injury.

1995 Ashmolean Winter 18/2 It was quite in character with B-J's puckish humour, when put to it,..to make up a story for their amusement.

b. spec. To force (a person) to do his or her utmost; to drive to extremities; to embarrass, to place at a loss or in difficulty. Now chiefly with modifying word in to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to it (to do something), to be hard put (to do something).In quot. a1616 figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > be in difficulties or straits

to be hard bested?c1225

to be hard set1387

to be hard (straitly, stiffly, etc.) steada1400

to have mistera1400

charge1487

to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to ita1616

straiten1647

to be ill set1673

press1813

to be up a gum tree1829

push1863

the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) in difficulty > reduce to straits

enstraita1500

plungea1513

to put or drive to a (or the) shift or shifts1553

to put (one) to (upon) his trump or trumps1559

to drive (a person) near1594

to put, drive, reduce, etc. to the last shiftsa1604

to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to ita1616

press1672

pinch1693

push1761

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 360 Lord Angelo Dukes it well in his absence: he puts transgression too't.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Christian Moderation i. 130 Those Anticks of stone..carved out under the end of great beams in vast buildings, which seeme..as if they were hard put to it, with the weight.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 128 Fourthly and lastly, the Tenaciousnesse of selfe: I meane when she is put hard to it.

a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 179 I know this is difficult, and puts a man to it.

1672 D. Brevint Roman Mass i. 6 The best Historian shall be very hard put to seek, before he find among them all, as long a list of abominable Livers.

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 64 (margin) The Hill puts the Pilgrims to it .

1701 J. Edwards Free Disc. conc. Truth & Error Pref. p. xxxiii Doth he not think that it will be objected that he is put hard to it, when the Authority of the Bible can't be maintained by him without the defaming of all ofther Writings?

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 80 I..would be sorely put to it for Lodging.

1754 G. G. Beekman Let. 5 Aug. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 219 He was..much put to it to settel his affairs.

1852 E. Ruskin Let. 27 June in Effie in Venice (1965) ii. 328 You may imagine how I am put to it sometimes when three or four people question me at once in Venetian.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xiii. 274 We were hard put to it..to get it done in so short a time.

1920 School Educ. Rec. (Univ. N. Dakota) Apr. 50/1 The common man and woman, however hard-put to make a living.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 30/2 We are considerably put to it to know just what furniture to select to show you.

1985 S. Hood Storm from Paradise (1988) 95 Why he should have chosen the field path rather than the usual road he might have been rather hard put to it to explain.

1987 P. B. Waite Lord of Point Grey vi. 70 Larry was hard put to prevent her from running as C.C.F. candidate.

2006 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 15 July 11 A time traveller from the 1950s would be hard put to it to understand this phenomenon.

†P3. to put fair: = to bid fair at bid v.¹ 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > be or seem likely [verb (intransitive)]

appeara1530

to have some show1556

think1579

to look like1594

to put fairc1595

had liked to1600

to show for ——1776

fare1850

show1901

c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 7 Had wee lanced under the forte at our first cominge to anchor, wee had put fayre to bee possessors of the towne.

1675 C. Cotton tr. Lucian Dial. Vulcan & Apollo in Burlesque upon Burlesque 71 A Fiddle..On which he playes so rarely well, That he puts fair to put down me, Who am the God of Harmony.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 135 Those Nations whose Historians put fair for the greatest Antiquity, are the Romans [etc.].

1713 G. Stanhope Nothing Impracticable required of Christians 12 They, who began with Thirty, will, in Process of Time, put fair for Sixty, and may, perhaps, at last, come up to an Hundred-fold.

P4.

†a. to put the ass (also fool) upon (also on): to attribute the name or character of an ass (or fool) to; to call or treat as an ass (or fool); (also) = to make a fool of at fool n.¹ and adj. Phrases 3b(a). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > make foolish or a fool of [verb (transitive)]

bedotec1385

fona1425

fool1608

to put the ass (also fool) upon (also on)1617

stultify1809

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > befool, dupe [phrase]

to put an ape in a person's hoodc1330

to glaze one's houvec1369

to cough (a person) a daw, fool, momea1529

to make a fool of1534

to give (any one) the bobc1540

to lead (a person) a dancea1545

to make (someone) an ass1548

to make (a person) an ox1566

to play bob-fool witha1592

to sell any one a bargain1598

to put the fool on1649

to make a monkey (out) of1767

to play (a person) for a sucker (also fool, etc.)1869

to string (someone) along1902

to swing it on or across1923

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 50 If any German will put the Asse vpon another cunningly, he will say, that the other was neuer in Silesia.

1649 T. B. Rebellion of Naples i. iv. 8 Though you have put the Asse upon the people, you shall not put the fool on me.

1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 40 Who merrily in familiar discourse was pleased to put the fool upon me for it.

a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 45 Worldly hopes..put the fool upon a Man.

1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. 229 The Public..have put the Fool on me from my Birth;..and so I am meditating in turn how to put the Fool upon the Public.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Fool n. To put the fool on, to impose on; to delude. [Also in later dictionaries.]]

b. British and Australian colloquial. to put it on a person: to exert strong pressure on a person to obtain money, a favour, etc.; to ‘touch’ a person for something.

ΚΠ

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 244/2 The young ladies, they ‘put it on them for dunnage’ (beg a stock of general clothing).

1895 People 6 Jan. 16/5 Arter all the brass..was nearly all gone, Selby says, ‘I'll go round to the Mug agin, and put it on him (make him pay) for another bit.’

1937 X. Herbert Capricornia (1974) 303 Frank put it on him for the lend of a tenner.

1946 Bulletin (Sydney) 7 Aug. 28/4 The boss asks what I want, so I put it on him for a hand-out an' he tells the other bloke t' get it for me.

1993 S. McAughtry Touch & Go ix. 73 ‘I think she's going to put it on you for a load of quid.’ ‘Cor blimey,’ I said, ‘and stone the crows.’

c. U.S. colloquial. to put a hurt (also hurting) on and variants: to inflict pain, damage, or suffering upon; to subject to an ordeal. Also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1961 L. Nelson She put Hurt on Me (sheet music) She took my heart and left poor me I swear she put the hurt on me.

1965 J. M. Brewer Worser Days 131 Boy, I sho hopes you gonna invite me to dinner at yo' house again, 'cause yo' mama kin sho put a hurtin' on dem beans.

1970 J. Bouton Ball Four iv. 132 The other guys can drink them [sc. mai tais] with no effect at all while I get drunk. They insist I come along so that they can, as they say, put the hurt on my body.

1991 Baseball Today 25/1 It could be said that Eric Davis put a hurtin' on the Oakland A's.

1992 Tucson (Arizona) Weekly 21 Dec. 3/1 Not only did he scarf all the cookies and milk left beside the Christmas tree, he put a serious hurt on the beer and red wine supply as well.

2006 ‘L. Burana’ Try xiii. 158 Let me in there, you bitch. I'll put a hurt on you. I mean it!

P5. to put distance between and variants: to move, travel, or retreat so as to establish a (great) distance between. Also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1700 P. Newcome Catechetical Course Serm. for Whole Year I. xxi. 445 God seeming hereby to put a Distance between himself and us.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxxvii. 238 George..drew a long sigh of relief, when the boat had put a returnless distance between them.

1861 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 495/2 Their cavalry running off in a panic, and their General never stopping until he had put twenty miles between himself and the nearest of the plaid-men.

1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 152 He desired, above all, to put as great a distance as possible between himself and General Vandeleur.

1919 Outing Mar. 306/2 I wanted to have the gobbler put a little more distance between himself and the poacher.

1959 B. Kops Hamlet of Stepney Green 161 Some people never leave home; even when they put a thousand miles between them and the street door.

1986 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 13 Feb. 2/3 The Administration sought publicly to put distance between itself and the Japanese decision.

2001 S. Brett Death on Downs (2002) xvi. 113 If I had topped someone, I'd want to put as much distance as I could between me and the body.

P6. to put (oneself) in (another person's) place (or shoes): to imagine (oneself) in another person's situation or circumstances.

ΚΠ

1745 tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Robert Chevalier II. iv. 67 We should never judge so rashly, if leaving off our Prejudices, we would put ourselves in the Place of those whose Judges we want to be.

1770 S. Foote Lame Lover iii. 67 What could I do? put yourself in my place.

1791 T. Paine Common Sense (new ed.) 85 Do they put themselves in the place of the sufferer.

1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 53 Putting ourselves always in the author's place.

1871 M. F. Theed What She did with her Life ii. v. 150 I..say to myself, ‘Put yourself in her shoes, Marcelline!’ and I am not long then in coming round to be heartily ashamed of myself.

1913 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Interpretation of Dreams iv. 126 If she has put herself in the place of her friend, or, as we may say, has identified herself with her friend.

1954 A. Huxley Doors of Perception 8 We can condole with others in analogous circumstances, can put ourselves..in their places.

1992 N.Y. Times 21 July a15/6 If you put yourself in the shoes of someone who has a high school education, has lost his job that paid $10 an hour, and is now out pounding the pavement.

P7. to put one's money on: to bet on; (figurative) to favour or depend on; to be confident of the success or reliability of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > win favour with [verb (transitive)] > favour

to let well ofc1330

favour1340

to take, accept, receive in greec1374

likea1393

smilec1400

to take agreea1425

agreec1450

to fawn on, upon1477

to bear good mind toa1516

to look upon ——c1515

to look on ——1540

vouchsafe1582

conceit1589

relish1594

to look to ——1611

impatronize1629

aspect1663

sympathize1828

to put one's money on1847

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)]

back1697

to put one's money on1847

to put one's shirt on1856

play1858

lump1864

lay1877

stand1877

to get on ——1884

to bet (also stake) one's shirt (that)1892

to go a (or the) bundle on1938

1847 R. B. Peake Title Deeds i. i. 12 I have put my money on the curly headed one.

1885 Manch. Evening News 17 June 2/4 A Frenchman who had patriotically put his money on Reluisant.

1932 Punch 23 Nov. 582/3 I would put my money on him through the thickest traffic, provided only that he was allowed to rest his foot on a bus-roof when the lights were against him.

1963 Listener 21 Feb. 341/3 She does not put all her money on love.

1990 S. King Stand (new ed.) lvi. 831 ‘I'll put my money on Brad,’ Ralph said. ‘I trust him.’

P8. colloquial. to put (a person) through it: to impose a severe test on (a person); to subject to an ordeal or trying experience. Cf. to put through the mangle at mangle n.³ 1c, to put through the wringer at wringer n. 6b.For the original of the passage purportedly cited in quot. 1855 (where however the reading is in fact put through), see quot. 1852 for to put through 1a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]

heavyc897

pineeOE

aileOE

sorryeOE

traya1000

sorrowOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

angerc1175

smarta1200

to work, bake, brew balec1200

derve?c1225

grieve?c1225

sitc1225

sweam?c1225

gnawc1230

sughc1230

troublec1230

aggrievea1325

to think sweama1325

unframea1325

anguish1340

teen1340

sowa1352

distrainc1374

to-troublea1382

strain1382

unglad1390

afflicta1393

paina1393

distressa1400

hita1400

sorea1400

assayc1400

remordc1400

temptc1400

to sit (or set) one sorec1420

overthrow?a1425

visit1424

labour1437

passionc1470

arraya1500

constraina1500

misgrievea1500

attempt1525

exagitate1532

to wring to the worse1542

toil1549

lament1580

adolorate1598

rankle1659

try1702

to pass over ——1790

upset1805

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

to put (a person) through it1855

bludgeon1888

to get to ——1904

to put through the hoop(s)1919

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > affect or visit with adversity

followOE

waryc1200

hita1400

remord?c1400

visit1424

to lead (a person) the measures1594

conflict1609

to lead a person a life1715

overhit1816

put1841

to put (a person) through it1855

1855 Times 18 May 7/6 Like Legree, Liprandi ‘put them through it, sick or well’, all last winter.

1914 M. L. Macnaghten Days of my Years xxiii. 251 They..made active search for Nemo, with the intention of ‘putting him through it’.

1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood i. ii. 59 I am afraid we have put you through it, rather.

1959 P. McCutchan Storm South xii. 179 Evidently she'd been put through it in the interval, for she was crying bitterly.

2006 Halifax Courier (Nexis) 11 Sept. Well, another rollercoaster of a season. We've been put through it on and off the field.

P9. colloquial (chiefly British). not to know where to put oneself: to be confused, flustered, or distressed; to be severely discomfited, esp. as a result of embarrassment or self-consciousness.

ΚΠ

1861 All for Best I. xii. 194 I really should have come to pay my parting respects to dear Miss Mabel,..only you see, I've been so busy I didn't know where to put myself.

1890 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 457 I have worked for that amount of money..till I do not know where to put myself.

1943 Times 27 Mar. 2/7 (advt.) I was just about mad with pain... I did not know where to put myself.

1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 68 He was begging and pleading with me in a little quiet voice and with tears rolling down his cheeks so I didn't know where to put myself.

2000 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 6 Aug. 15 He just didn't know where to put himself, he was suddenly so conscious of his every move, it destroyed his speech.

P10. colloquial (originally U.S.). put it (also her) there: (as an invitation) ‘shake hands’.

ΚΠ

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 333 ‘You see my blind and straddle it like a man. Put it there!’—extending a brawny paw.

1886 Semi-Weekly Age (Coshocton, Ohio) 30 Nov. 1/1 [He] grasps his hand and exclaimes [sic], ‘Put 'er there.’ ‘Its a girl.’

1898 R. Hughes Lakerim Athletic Club i. 3 ‘Put her there, Punk; you're a white man!’ Tug had to exclaim; and the two captains shook hands.

1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear ii. i. 154 ‘Put it there,’ he said. A hand-grip passed between the two.

1947 P. G. Wodehouse Full Moon vii. 168 ‘I'm engaged!’.. ‘Well, I'm dashed,’ said Freddie. ‘Put it there, pardner.’

1963 Lancaster (Ohio) Eagle-Gaz. 27 Sept. 6/1 ‘Attaboy, kid!’ Uncle Wilbert said. ‘Put 'er there.’ So Zach ran over to the coach's box to accept congratulations from his boss.

2001 J. Murphy Kings of Kilburn High Road ii, in Two Plays 42 Maurteen. Fair play to yeh, Joe. Put it there. (They shake hands. ) I love this fella, know that?

P11. colloquial (originally U.S.). to put it all over: to defeat or beat (a person) easily, to trounce. Cf. to put over 7b(a) at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΚΠ

1884 Daily Gaz. (Fort Wayne, Indiana) 28 June 3/2 Kilrain literally ‘put it all over’ his antagonist, hitting wherever he pleased.

1896 Middletown (N.Y.) Daily Argus 28 Nov. 2/2 What Bill oughter done, if he feels like this yere hawg's done put it all over him, is to go an' lay for Olson.

1905 J. London Let. 24 June (1966) 175 If Hillquit..didn't put it all over Bierce—I'll quit thinking at all.

1919 H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill iv. 136 It occurred to him that he could put it all over Ben in another way that would cut him to the heart.

1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft viii. 155 So far as bushcraft is concerned, he [sc. the Aboriginal] could put it all over you.

1985 Courier Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 21 Mar. Queensland's Ray Phillips put it all over Rixon with eight catches and valuable knocks of 53 and 47.

P12. Association Football. to put through one's own goal (also net): to score an own goal.

ΚΠ

1897 Liverpool Courier 15 Feb. 8/2 Shortly after one of the visitors had the misfortune to put through his own goal.

1920 Times 12 Apr. 6/3 J. Short, in endeavouring to clear, put through his own goal.

1999 Scan (Lancaster University Students' Union) 12 Feb. 27/2 The normally reliable Villa skipper put through his own net after half an hour.

P13. colloquial. to put paid to: to deal finally or effectually with; to place out of contention or consideration; to terminate or thwart (an aspiration, plan, etc.) conclusively. Originally in the fuller form to put paid to the account of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to

undoc950

shendOE

forfarea1000

endc1000

to do awayOE

aquenchc1175

slayc1175

stathea1200

tinea1300

to-spilla1300

batec1300

bleschea1325

honisha1325

leesea1325

wastec1325

stanch1338

corrumpa1340

destroy1340

to put awayc1350

dissolvec1374

supplanta1382

to-shend1382

aneantizec1384

avoidc1384

to put outa1398

beshenda1400

swelta1400

amortizec1405

distract1413

consumec1425

shelfc1425

abroge1427

downthringc1430

kill1435

poisonc1450

defeat1474

perish1509

to blow away1523

abrogatea1529

to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529

dash?1529

to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531

put in the pot1531

wipea1538

extermine1539

fatec1540

peppera1550

disappoint1563

to put (also set) beside the saddle1563

to cut the throat of1565

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to make a hand of (also on, with)1569

demolish1570

to break the neck of1576

to make shipwreck of1577

spoil1578

to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579

cipher1589

ruinate1590

to cut off by the shins1592

shipwreck1599

exterminate1605

finish1611

damnify1612

ravel1614

braina1616

stagger1629

unrivet1630

consummate1634

pulverizea1640

baffle1649

devil1652

to blow up1660

feague1668

shatter1683

cook1708

to die away1748

to prove fatal (to)1759

to knock up1764

to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834

to put the kibosh on1834

to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835

kibosh1841

to chaw up1843

cooper1851

to jack up1870

scuttle1888

to bugger up1891

jigger1895

torpedo1895

on the fritz1900

to put paid to1901

rot1908

down and out1916

scuppera1918

to put the skids under1918

stonker1919

liquidate1924

to screw up1933

cruel1934

to dig the grave of1934

pox1935

blow1936

to hit for six1937

to piss up1937

to dust off1938

zap1976

1901 A. F. Bettinson & W. O. Tristram National Sporting Club ii. 28 Put ‘paid’ to the account of Drayton and Daniel.

1919 Boy's Own Ann. 41 457/2 She [sc. a destroyer]..was about to proceed to sea on her mission of ‘putting paid’ to U-boats.

1930 Manitoba Free Press 20 Aug. 6/5 [He] put paid to the account of Al Anderson..after 2.56 in the second round of a bout billed to go eight rounds.

1951 J. B. Priestley Festival at Farbridge ii. iii. 344 I thought one time Tanhead might ha' swung 'em, but Commodore put paid to him all right.

1976 Economist 13 Mar. 13/2 [That choice] would also probably put paid to any hopes of fully reintegrating France into the Nato alliance.

2004 C. Connelly Attention All Shipping (2005) 248 My original plan had been to walk the length of the island and back, but the traumatic crossing had put paid to that.

P14. colloquial (chiefly British). to put one's feet up: to take a rest; to relax, esp. by sitting with one's feet in a raised and supported position.

ΚΠ

1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 103/1 ‘Put your feet up this moment,’ ordered Susan. ‘I am going to do your packing, and get you some tea.’

1934 P. G. Wodehouse Right ho, Jeeves xi. 126 I..put my feet up, sipping the mixture with carefree enjoyment, rather like Cæsar having one in his tent the day he overcame the Nervii.

1985 Weekly World News 1 Nov. 9 Mother of sextuplets..put her feet up for the first time in five years after sending her six daughters off to school.

2004 Good Housek. (U.K. ed.) Oct. 26/3 At least 40% of women feel bad if they put their feet up when the place is a mess—and a quarter fret about the state of the loo as they're trying to unwind.

P15. colloquial (originally and chiefly British). to put it across (a person).

a. To punish or exact retribution on (a person); to get even with. Also (now chiefly) Sport: to get the better of, defeat (a person or team).

ΚΠ

1910 J. C. Snaith Mrs. Fitz viii. 74 We may have to put it across that swine von Arlenberg, although of course he is merely obeying the orders of Ferdinand.

1929 P. G. Wodehouse Mr. Mulliner Speaking iv. 129 It was his intention to..confront his erring man-servant and put it across him in no uncertain manner.

1978 Rugby World Apr. 38/2 Meyer was a sports nut who enjoyed nothing more than seeing his pupils put it across the golden youth of Eton and Winchester.

2004 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 1 Jan. 8 Close told us we could put it across them if we could get them out for 250 and then bat well ourselves.

b. To deceive (a person); to convince by deceit.

ΚΠ

1919 E. P. Oppenheim Strange Case Mr. Jocelyn Thew ii. vi. 235 ‘Well,’ she exclaimed, ‘he does put it across you, doesn't he?’

1927 Observer 27 Mar. 6/4 It would be difficult for a greedy, hysterical, shameless, half-insane revivalist..to ‘put it across’ ever-increasing audiences.

1959 D. Eden Sleeping Bride xiv. 117 Don't let Blandina put it across you. She isn't as ill as she pretends to be.

1994 Times (Nexis) 18 Apr. The French are much cleverer than the Germans and put it across them every time.

P16. to put oneself out there: to actively expose oneself to public attention or scrutiny, even at the risk of being vulnerable or subject to danger, criticism, rejection, etc.

ΚΠ

1971 Washington Post 29 Aug. g10/6 Would Tony have..attacked the two policemen after they started beating..the young black militant? ‘I would've walked away... I believe in money. Ain't no pimp gonna put himself out there for politics.’

1998 Sunday Times 19 Apr. 54/3 [The] path..of the dashing leading man..I didn't want to take... It's..exposed. You're not hidden by a hump or a mad wig or something. You're really putting yourself out there.

2003 MBR Sept. 116/1 Being just a figurehead..well, you've got to do more than that. You've got to propagate it by racing, going to events, generally putting yourself out there, the whole nine yards.

2021 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 19 She had come across talented makers and artists around Wales and this inspired her to create a platform that showcased their talents... ‘Creative people don't always enjoy putting themselves out there and doing the social media side.’

P17. West African. to put to bed: to give birth. Also: to give birth to (a child).Cf. (in general sense) to put to bed at sense 13.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > be confined [verb (intransitive)] > give birth

kenc1000

childc1175

beara1382

labour1454

to cry out1623

parturiate1649

pup1708

to fall in two1788

accouche1819

to have one's bed1848

pip1973

to put to bed1973

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth

forthbring971

akenOE

haveOE

bearOE

to bring into the worldOE

teemOE

i-bereOE

to bring forthc1175

childc1175

reara1275

ofkenc1275

hatcha1350

makea1382

yielda1400

cleck1401

issue1447

engenderc1450

infant1483

deliver?a1518

whelp1581

world1596

yean1598

fall1600

to give (a person or thing) birth1615

to give birth to1633

drop1662

pup1699

born1703

to throw off1742

beteem1855

birth1855

parturiate1866

shell1890

to put to bed1973

bring-

1973 Law Rep. East-Central Nigeria 3 ii. 763 He was..having a party to celebrate the first outing of his wife who had just put to bed.

1974 Newbreed (Nigeria) June 32 Three days later she put to bed a baby girl.

2019 Weekly Trust (Nigeria) (Nexis) 9 Feb. I recently put to bed but when I was in labour I had to be rushed to Pindiga on a motorcycle which is several kilometres away from here.

Phrasal verbs

PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to put aback

†1. transitive. To repel, reject; to neglect; to lower in status; to retard, impede, set back. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject

awarpc1000

forwerpeOE

warpc1000

nillOE

warnc1300

reprovec1350

to put abacka1382

to throw awaya1382

repugnc1384

to put awaya1387

waivec1386

forshoota1400

disavowc1400

defyc1405

disprovec1430

repelc1443

flemea1450

to put backa1500

reject?1504

refutea1513

repulse1533

refel1548

repudiate1548

disallowa1555

project?1567

expel1575

discard1578

overrule1578

forsay1579

check1601

decard1605

dismiss1608

reprobate1609

devow1610

retorta1616

disclaimc1626

noforsootha1644

respuate1657

reluctate1668

negative1778

no-ball1862

basket1867

to set one's foot down1873

not to have any (of it, that, this)1895

to put down1944

eighty-six1959

neg1987

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel

recoil?c1225

to turn againc1330

to put awayc1350

rebukec1380

to put abacka1382

to put againa1382

again-puta1400

rebut?a1425

repeal?a1425

retroylc1425

rebatea1475

repel?a1475

repulse?a1475

to put backa1500

refel1548

revert1575

rembar1588

to beat back1593

rebeat1595

reject1603

repress1623

rambarrea1630

stave1631

refringe1692

slap-back1931

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > hinder or delay

bestayc1330

tarry1340

delaya1393

to put aback1450

to pull backa1470

retard1490

tarde1524

retary1526

to throw back1562

forslow1570

backward1594

detain1600

to set back1600

slug1605

retardate1613

tardya1616

taigle?1635

backen1649

remore1652

remorate1657

to cast back1671

to hold up1887

to knock back1945

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. xvi. 135 He þa swa swa of langre tide wæs forgytende & him on bæc sette þa lare þæs halgan Benedictes [L. verba viri Dei quasi ex longo tempore oblitus postposuit].]

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms xx. 13 For þou shalt putten þem abac [L. pones..dorsum].

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 4363 (MED) To mochel ese..set every vice forth And every vertu put abak.

1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 181/2 True maters of such persones as had not his favour were hyndred and put abakke.

c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 332 (MED) So it semeþ þat antecrist bi þis puttiþ cristis ordynaunce abake.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. viii The men of trouthe ben set alowe and put aback.

a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5080 Neuer put A-bake, manly was of myght.

a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Siiji^v Than was I put abak, frome my purpose. And suddantlie, caste in captyuitie.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 1663 Quhan gude Emynedus..Had rushit and put abak halely..Tha Turkis.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 34 The saidis personis..was put abak be the lordis Ruthven, [etc.].

1669 Hist. Sir Eger 20 I am put farre aback, And ye trust no comfort in me.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 445 With strong will he put aback his pain.

1910 B. Miall tr. A. Aulard French Revol. IV. vi. 199 This Church was not in a state of progress..It was seriously put aback, and the numbers of its flock diminished.

2. transitive. Nautical. To cause (sails) to lie back against the mast of a ship. Also: to cause the sails of (a vessel) to take up this position, impeding forward motion or forcing backward movement. Cf. aback adv. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > trim sails > lay aback

to put aback1698

to back a yard1707

bagpipe1769

to lay aback1769

back-wind1899

1698 E. Ward Trip to Jamaica 13 We furl'd our main-sail with all our hands at once, as a strategem to seem well man'd; put our top-sailes aback, and lay by.

1752 W. Goodall Adventures Capt. Greenland IV. xi. ix. 139 The captain immediately put her sails aback, and hoisting out a boat, came instantly to me.

1799 I. Weld Trav. N. Amer. xxxvi. 419 In the hurry and confusion..the mainsail was hoisted at the same time with the jib, the vessel was put aback, and nothing could have saved her from going at once on shore but the letting fall of another anchor.

1850 Times 29 May 7/5 The tide was falling, and the sails were put aback, but without effect.

1965 A. R. Bosworth Storm Tide viii. 65 He shouted for the mainsail to be put aback.

2004 M. Wood Sailing Tall i. 17 Otherwise we would be sent flying by the rudder's kick and let the wheel spin out of control, possibly putting the vessel aback and causing serious damage even to the extent of dismasting.

3. transitive. To take aback, to put out. Usually in passive.

ΚΠ

1833 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 381 The Don Key, however, was not to be put aback. He immediately brays out an application for his eldest son.

1847 J. H. Ingraham Cruiser of Narragansett Bay ii. 10 I never minded much what folks said about her, but when I see what she did..I was a little put aback.

1920 Corsicana (Texas) Semi-Weekly Light 27 Aug. (single sheet) Well, I was rather put aback for a moment for a reply.

1996 New York 22 Apr. 15 The really downtown people..were kind of put aback by the fact that there were too many Hollywood people.

to put about

1. Nautical.

a. transitive. To place or set (a vessel) on the opposite tack. Also in extended use: to cause to turn around so as to be facing or travelling in another direction.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > cause to go about

wend1556

to put about1607

wind1623

staya1625

about1694

cast1769

the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > turn (something) to a (different) direction

i-wendeOE

wendOE

turnc1300

convertc1384

avirec1440

kyr1448

twine1600

wheel1805

to put about1832

1607 J. Davies Relation Voy. in Early Eng. & French Voy. (1932) 409 Espyeinge many soonken rocks and breatches hard by us enforsynge us to put our ship about and stand from them.

1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World i. 14 Captain Dampier thinking we were to the Westward of Cape Horn, ordered to put the ship about.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 248 Every time the vessel was put about, we ship'd a sea that drenched us all to the skin.

1832 Proposed Regulations Cavalry iii. 83 The..wing is..to be put about by Threes.

1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene II. xix The Stella was then put about, and the other broadside given.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. ii. 34 Put your horses' heads about and ride for Spalding.

1938 Greeley (Colorado) Daily Tribune 23 Nov. 7/6 Put her about mate, an' full speed ahead!!

1984 Pract. Boat Owner Feb. 69/2 Immediately I put her about on the other tack.

2002 R. Murphy Kick (2003) 193 Puts her about, catches more wind.

b. intransitive. To turn on the opposite tack; to go about; (in extended use) to take up a new direction, to change direction.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > go about > by tacking

traverse1568

to cast about1591

to throw about1591

staya1613

flat1622

cast1671

to put about1712

to come about1777

to throw round1882

1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea xiv. 167 When discover Danger, or occasion to put about in a dark Night, or Fog, if with Starboard Tacks, to fire two Guns very quick.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. v. 342 The proas..run from one of these Islands to the other and back again..without ever putting about.

1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 338 The main interests of my voyage obliged me to put about, and return to the northward.

1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 372 Down with the helm, and let us put about.

1904 J. London Sea-wolf xvi. 146 Mr. Van Weyden, will you kindly put about on the port tack.

1970 J. H. B. Peel Country Folk i. 15 The lane was already thick with last night's drifting and I had just time enough to find a gate and there put about for home before every ditch and dyke became invisible.

1992 S. Holloway Courage High! xx. 172/1 Immediately, the fire-float put about and went to help the survivors.

2. transitive. Originally British. To circulate or disseminate (information, a rumour, etc.). Frequently with it and that-clause.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]

sowc888

blowc1275

dispeple1297

to do abroadc1300

fame1303

publyc1350

defamea1382

publisha1382

open?1387

proclaima1393

slandera1400

spreada1400

abroachc1400

throwc1400

to give outa1425

promote?a1425

noisec1425

publicc1430

noisec1440

divulgea1464

to put outc1475

skail1487

to come out witha1500

bruit1525

bruita1529

to bear out1530

divulgate1530

promulgate1530

propale?1530

ventilate1530

provulgate1535

sparple1536

sparse1536

promulge1539

disperse1548

publicate1548

forthtell1549

hurly-burly?1550

propagate1554

to set abroada1555

utter1561

to set forth1567

blaze1570

evulgate1570

scatter1576

rear?1577

to carry about1585

pervulgate1586

celebrate?1596

propalate1598

vent1602

evulge1611

to give forth1611

impublic1628

ventilate1637

disseminate1643

expose1644

emit1650

to put about1664

to send abroad1681

to get abroad1688

to take out1697

advertise1710

forward1713

to set abouta1715

circulate1780

broadcast1829

vent1832

vulgate1851

debit1879

float1883

1664 J. Wilson Andronicus Comnenius iii. i. 37 Suppose you were Now Emperor, and 'twere now put about; You'd find few boggle at it.

1693 C. Cotton tr. L. Pontis Mem. 176 He..could scarce perswade himself, that there was..any Wretches so vile as to put about such calumnies against an innocent person.

1781 F. Burney Let. May in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 347 Is it what she [sc. Mrs. Thrale] put about in the morning?

1821 P. Egan Life in London ii. ii. 178 The Mollishers are all nutty upon him, putting it about, one to another, that he is a well breeched Swell.

1881 E. Lynn Linton My Love! II. v. 102 Who has put this lie about?

1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood viii. 137 What was the fama of the minister which had been put about in Woodilee?

1963 P. W. Lyon Success Story iii. 142 The cynical, as soon as they got wind of this scheme, put it about that McClure was only baiting his hook for a fatter circulation.

2004 A. Hollinghurst Line of Beauty iv. 116 He felt foolish, childish at having put it about that they were boyfriends.

†3. transitive. To pass (a glass, bottle, etc.) around; to dispense (drink) freely. Also with it. Cf. to push the bottle about at push v. Phrases 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master i. 18 No matter, we only desire you shou'd look on, while we eat, and put the glass about, or so.

1676 T. Shadwell Libertine iv. 71 Here, Governour, your health. Friends, put it about.

1729 C. Cibber Rival Queans iv. 32 Let's put the Glass about: Health to the Son of Alexander's Father, each Man take his Bumper In his Hand.

1783 J. Dent Too Civil by Half i. iii. 22 Come, gentlemen, put about the bottle, for my friend..would be damned angry, if I should stint you.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xli. 105 Mr. Fagin..put about the liquor which Barney reappeared with, in a very friendly manner.

1887 W. C. Russell Frozen Pirate i. 6 We strove to encourage one another as best we could, sometimes with words, sometimes with putting the bottle about.

4. transitive (reflexive). British colloquial.

a. To disport oneself; to cavort, caper; (now esp.) to make conspicuous use of physical effort.In recent use (esp. in sporting contexts) sometimes hard to distinguish from sense 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)]

afforcec1300

enforcec1386

virtuea1393

endeavourc1400

naitc1400

envirtue1477

exploit1490

to put it forthc1500

constrainc1510

efforce1512

lay1535

evirtuate1642

to exert oneself1736

hump1835

spread1843

to put about1983

1768 Lady M. Coke Jrnl. 28 Aug. (1889) II. 349 That Strange Girl that you remember was used to put herself about upon the Stage, almost all her Cloaths off.

1913 H. Brighouse Graft ii. 29 He's a bit too keen on this recreation ground, Verity is. Been putting himself about something extraordinary.

1983 Times 23 Sept. 22/1 Two lads put themselves about up front. The two big central defenders..tackle hard and clear danger briskly.

1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 12 Aug. 1 If you don't put yourself about against Manchester United, if your defensive set-up is slack, they will punish you.

2004 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 16 May (Sport section) 16 Seasoned Olympic observers say that, in the sporting parlance, she needs to put herself about more.

b. To make oneself conspicuous, impressive, or noticeable; to promote oneself.

ΚΠ

1970 P. Laurie Scotl. Yard 293 Put oneself about, to, to swagger about, to impress.

1975 Times 12 June 10/5 I wonder if there is any difference between Spike Milligan's seemingly irresistible urge to put himself about as an Indian or a Pakistani and the Black and White Minstrels' appalling black-faced routines.

1986 B. Geldof Is that It? x. 142 We had done a smaller tour in 1977 to put our faces about.

2001 Stage (Nexis) 30 Aug. 19 Make your film/short/TV promo... And when it is made,..go out there and promote it. Put yourself about, get known.

5. transitive.

a. To put (a person) to inconvenience or trouble. Frequently reflexive: to take pains or trouble. Cf. to put out 9e at Phrasal verbs 1.Formerly chiefly Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > inconvenience > affect with inconvenience [verb (transitive)]

trouble1516

misease1530

incommodatea1575

inconveniencea1656

run1697

incommode1702

disannul1794

disconvenience1821

to put about1825

to put out1851

to jerk around1877

to bugger about1921

to dick around1944

to fuck around1955

to bugger around1961

to screw around1967

to fuck about1975

to cock around1990

to dick about1996

to cock about2009

1785 J. Hartley Hist. Westm. Election (ed. 2) 503 Much you've put yourself about, For nought but keen vexations.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) To Put about, to subject to inconvenience or difficulty;..as, ‘I was sair put about to get that siller’.

1837 Times 17 Aug. 4/2 When people cannot be stimulated to put themselves about in favour of new proposals, the presumption is, that they wish things to remain as they are.

1866 C. Reade Griffith Gaunt (ed. 2) II. 297 Oh, don't put yourself about for me.

1901 J. N. McIlwraith Roderick Campbell ix. 110 It was hardly to be expected that our great-uncle should put himself greatly about to keep his word.

1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey (U.S. ed.) iii. ii. 234 Oh! no, sir; you did me a service. I don't want to put you about, telling falsehoods for me.

1972 I. Baker Grave Doubt xii. 168 ‘We can't put you about like this,’ I said, trying not to sound ungrateful.

b. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). To perturb, disconcert, upset, distress. Cf. to put out 9b at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 9d at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

1843 F. E. Paget Warden of Berkingholt 149 You see I don't let a thoughtless word put me about, and you must'na neither.

1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. Introd. 6 I would not have been much put about, though my offer had been rejected.

1890 A. Conan Doyle Little Sq. Box in Capt. Polestar 152 What's put you about, Hammond? You look as white as a sheet.

1938 F. Urquhart Time will Knit 151 My mother had been sore put about, though everybody said it wasn't Tom's fault... But more than my mother would be put about if Grace produced a fatherless bairn.

1952 R. C. Hutchinson Recoll. of Journey (1982) ix. 206 Could they really be so put about by a rumour from a drunken soldier?

2003 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Pit v.¹ Ah'm awfy pit aboot because o that cat an its flees.

6. transitive. British slang. to put it about: to be sexually promiscuous.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [verb (intransitive)] > be promiscuous

to play legerdeheel1605

to put it about1817

to do the (also a) naughty1902

to fool around1923

sleep1928

to play around1929

alleycat1937

to screw around1939

bed-hop1943

tom1950

horse1953

to whore it up1956

swing1964

1817 Ld. Byron Let. 20 Jan. (1976) V. 162 Is the brat mine?—I have reason to think so—for I know..that she had not lived with S[helley] during the time of our acquaintance—& that she had a good deal of that same with me.—This comes of ‘putting it about’.

1975 S. Brett Cast 48 The simplest explanation was that he had just got tired of Jacqui... He was a man who had always put it about a bit.

1989 Lit. Rev. Dec. 11/1 Helen is pretty, and she puts it about.

2001 I. Sinclair Landor's Tower (2002) i. iv. 46 His first (other-sex) relationship came at a time when women took care of contraception and felt obliged..to celebrate their newly acquired freedom by putting it about.

to put abroad

1. transitive. To put or spread about; to make public; to disseminate, promulgate.

ΚΠ

a1540 J. Leland Let. to Cromwell in A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses (1691) I. 68 The Germanes..do send dayly young Scholars hither, that spoileth them [sc. texts by ancient authors], and cutteth them out of Libraries, returning home and putting them abroad as Monuments of their own Country.

1580 Hooper's Certeine Expos. Psalmes f. 61 In the heart they [sc. lies] lie hid, tarying for a time when they may be put abroad, to do mischiefe.

?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses i. 3 When, in him shall be..the prime Of youths spring put abroad.

1713 C. Place Heretical Char. ii. 172 A whole Bundle of Heretical Figments, abundance of which were put abroad.

1770 tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. iii. xv, in Wks. 131/2 Vain stories and amusements about the land of Canaan..are put abroad on purpose to abuse you.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xvii. 164 The wildest of these theories being put abroad by the facetious and imaginative Huxter.

1889 Times 20 Mar. 10/1 It is very easy at election times..to put abroad statements of pretended fact.

1908 G. G. Coulton Chaucer & his Eng. iv. 36 These were no doubt fugitive pieces, often written for different friends or patrons, and put abroad in their names.

1957 P. Halmos Toward Meas. Man iv. iv. 194 The energy with which views of this sceptical nature are put abroad these days.

1999 J. Casey Early Mod. Spain ii. 20 The Venetian ambassador..was putting abroad a much higher figure..which would soon become conventional wisdom.

†2. transitive. Nautical. To unfurl, fly (a flag). Cf. abroad adv. 1d. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [verb (transitive)] > fly or hoist flags, etc.

stretchc1400

to put outa1450

show1488

wear1558

to set out1573

to set up1585

to put abroad1625

fly1655

hoist1697

rehoist1765

run1815

1625 J. Stoneman in S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. x. ii. 1834 We put abroad our Colours, and went toward the Admirall.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 3 To giue notice..by putting abroad his flag.

1720 J. Burchett Compl. Hist. Trans. at Sea iv. iii. 424 The latter escaping put abroad the Colours of Algier, but the other being imbayed, she was taken by Vice-Admiral Almonde, and proved to be a French Ship bound to Antegoa.

?1775 Sailing & Fighting Instr. His Majesty's Fleet 5 When any one happens to see a Ship or Ships more than His Majesty's Fleet, he is to put abroad his Ensign, and there keep it till the Admiral's is out.

1848 J. F. Cooper Jack Tier I. viii. 235 Come, Jack, and help me to put abroad this shawl, the only ensign we can show.

to put across

1. transitive. Baseball. To pitch (a ball) directly over home plate. Chiefly as to put it across.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of pitcher

pitch1848

curve1877

to put over1891

scatter1892

save1899

to put across1903

walk1905

fan1909

plunk1909

southpaw1911

whiff1914

sidearm1921

sidearm1922

outpitch1928

blow1938

hang1967

wild pitch1970

1883 Chester (Pa.) Times 18 May He put the ball across the plate with all the energy of his right arm.]

1903 Williamsport (Pa.) Daily Gaz. & Bull. 6 June 5/3 ‘Put it right across. He's got to hit it.’..Williams did put it across and Maitland laced her out for three bases.

1943 Amer. Speech 18 106 If the pitcher throws a straight ball with good control, he is said..to put it over, to put it across, or to put it right in there. If he has speed, he may..put over a fast one.

2002 Daily Times (Salisbury, Maryland) (Nexis) 10 May 21 If it's not a strike you don't swing at it... He didn't put it across so I didn't swing at it.

2. transitive. Chiefly U.S. To execute, implement, or establish successfully; to accomplish. Frequently as to put it across.

ΚΠ

1906 G. Ade in Manitoba Morning Free Press 15 Dec. Uncle Tom is now a wuzzer. He cannot put it across any more except under a Tent.

1911 Newark (Ohio) Advocate 22 Feb. 1/3 One vote would have put the bill across.

1926 D. L. Colvin Prohibition in U.S. 434 Wet propagandists asserted that prohibition had been ‘put across’ against the will of the majority.

1941 P. Sargent Getting US into War 40 There must be a new order in Europe, and..the Germans are the organizing people who have got to put it across.

1998 Buffalo News (Nexis) 4 Aug. 1 a 51 Republicans joined 185 Democrats and one Independent to put the bill across.

3. transitive. Originally U.S. To convey (a meaning or message) in a specified manner; (now usually without adverbial complement) to communicate or present effectively.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > [verb (transitive)] > successfully

to put over1908

to put across1910

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)] > by assertion

tella1275

assurea1535

over-talk1605

to talk over1734

to put over1908

to put across1910

1910 Tribune (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) 7 Jan. Just get your nerve back and put it across in plain English and the rest will be forgotten and forgiven.

1915 S. Ford Torchy, Private Sec. xvi. 277 I expect he'd have put it across just as raw if there'd been a dozen around instead of only one.

1935 Archit. Rev. 77 129/2 They have paid copy-writers and poster-designers to ‘put them across’ in nation-wide publicity drives.

1943 J. S. Huxley TVA 129 The TVA was managing to put across a good deal of its plan.

1970 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird ii. 11 If you don't put yourself across, who'll do it for you?

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Sept. 4/3 Perhaps the Masters were short-sighted, or not very good at putting their message across.

to put apart

†1. transitive. To abjure, renounce, eschew. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > renounce

to claim quitc1314

to quit claimc1314

remisea1325

release1379

remit1379

renouncec1400

to put apart1455

discharge1466

to swear out1598

to quit claim to1664

remiss1701

cut1791

renunciate1848

1455 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 78 I charge the said lord lovell and Chaunceler that thei..put aparte all maner of affectuouse percialite.

1538 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 12 In the end, temerositie putt apart, I have determinid playnly to expres to your Lordship suche thinges..as restith in my knowledg.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B6 Put feare apart, And tel..who ye be.

1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. xxxix. 154 Let Pleasure go, put Care apart.

2. transitive. To part, separate; to set apart; (also) to put to one side. Cf. to put aside at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)]

to-twemec893

sunderOE

asunderOE

shedOE

dealOE

shill1049

skillc1175

to-twinc1175

twinc1230

disseverc1250

depart1297

slita1300

to-throwc1315

parta1325

drevec1325

devisec1330

dividec1374

sever1382

unknit?a1425

divorce1430

separea1450

separate?a1475

untine1496

to put apart1530

discussa1542

deceper1547

disseparate1550

apart1563

unjoint1565

shoal1571

divisionatea1586

single1587

dispart1590

descide1598

disassociate1598

distract1600

dissolve1605

discriminate1615

dissociate1623

discerpa1628

discind1640

dissunder1642

distinguish1648

severize1649

unstring1674

skaila1833

cleave1873

dirempt1885

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xv. f. xxviii When a womans naturall course of bloud runneth, she shalbe put aparte .vij. dayes.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Sejugate To sever or separate from other, to put apart.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Flower It must be always observ'd that Ranunculus's and Tulips be put apart, in..separate Beds.

1796 F. Burney Camilla III. vi. xvi. 462 Her mind was filled with other matters; and the gown was put apart.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 45 With beating heart He put the hawthorn twigs apart.

1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains i. 26 I had been but a latent emigrant; now I was to be branded once more, and put apart with my fellows.

1903 N.Y. Times 15 Nov. 28/5 Their cabinet size and the peculiarities of their coloring are reasons for putting them apart.

1954 M. M. Ross Poetry & Dogma ii. 49 In his [sc. Zwingli's] thought, symbol and fact are fully and finally put apart.

2005 S. Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 13 Aug. 28 He thought that his poetry, if anything, was what put him apart from other writers.

to put aside

1. transitive. To set, move, or place to one side; to part, separate.

ΚΠ

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 67^v Eueriche dede body hatte..sepultus, I-buried, for he is I-put a side [L. seorsum pulsus], I-buryed vndir þerþe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Susanna 51 Put these two asyde one from another.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique v. xxiii. 725 They put the meale aside with their stirrers.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxv. 175 Hee that..shall with a needle put aside the short and sheathie cases on their [sc. the earwigs'] backe, may extend and draw forth two winges.

a1763 T. Godfrey Prince of Parthia (1765) i. ii. 106 Didst thou observe the croud, their eagerness, Each put the next aside to catch a look?

1790 J. Hurdis Poems 77 A sudden effort put her veil aside.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 139 All the women,..sitting bolt upright,..their feet cuddled up, under their petticoats—or put aside.

1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. II. v. 109 My poor lathen dagger puts aside Each pass o' the Bilboa.

1988 P. Fussell Taking it all off in Balkans 209 Effeminate or butch mannerisms don't do much to define identity..once the drapes are put aside.

2. transitive.

a. To place or set out of use or consideration; to cease to make use of. Also figurative: to disregard, reject, dismiss.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > discard from use

to cast asidea1420

to throw aside1532

to put, set or lay by1535

to throw down1548

to throw by1582

to cast by1599

supersede1642

slab1835

to put aside1872

a1450 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 93 (MED) I wante my wille, and euel fare y, Fro worldly merþe put o syde.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 47 (MED) The seyd Prior..shuld calle the partyes & here the cause by-twene hem, appele put a-syde..&..he shuld make a dewe ende by-twene hem.

1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier xxix. sig. M.vij Y^t al Ante christes, Papistes [etc.]..submoued & put asyde, true Euangelystes..maye reygne among vs vniuersallye.

1583 R. Greene Mamillia 35 I wil now put al fear aside: for a faint hart was neuer fauoured of fortune.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xx. viii. 156 Putting aside flatterie, the very nourice of vices, set your mind upon iustice.

1693 A. Wood Diary 15 June in A. Clark Life & Times A. Wood (1894) III. 424 Peter Wood of that house stood; put aside, as 'twas then said, because he was too precise and religious and therefore not fit to make a societie man.

1739 J. Miller Hosp. for Fools 8 A very palpable Folly indeed. Mercury, put him aside too.

1788 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) IV. 194 I put aside the disagreeable feel of exciting that wonder.

1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iii. 125 Let us put aside theories and disputable points.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton ii She told him he must put aside his uniform while in England.

1895 R. L. Stevenson Amateur Emigrant 96 We had on board with us a man whose evidence it would not do to put aside.

1914 St. Nicholas May 609/2 Most pitchers at this stage put aside the spitter, and use the fast ball.

1973 K. Lines Greek Legends 63 Desiring adventure, he put aside the lyre, and leaving his cradle went abroad.

2001 Spectator 7 July 18/3 For a month I put aside the books and the music, and watched TV.

b. To set apart, reserve, or store for future use or consideration, or to be dealt with in a certain way; esp. to set aside (money, etc.) against future need. Cf. to put away 3c at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve

reservea1382

keepa1400

sparea1400

savea1450

to put by1568

to put aside1569

to set byc1595

sepose1609

seposit1657

to lay aside1711

to set away1747

to lay by1786

to lay (also put) past1847

to put away1861

1569 T. Becon Princ. Christian Relig. (new ed.) sig. Hvii As concerning the gathering for the Sainctes, let euery one of you, vpon some Sabbaoth day, put aside & lay vp what soeuer is meete.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xv. 93 The dung put aside for the fatting of the medowes.

1654 E. Leigh Syst. Divinity vi. xxix. 597 He must..put aside some such summe as his present abundance may well spare.

1805 Kirby's Wonderful & Eccentric Museum 3 17 He went into the kitchen, took some nuts which had been put aside for him, cracked them with his teeth and began to eat them.

1888 G. Gissing Life's Morning III. xix. 110 The shopman put them aside, to be made into a parcel.

1925 Amer. Mercury Feb. 176/2 Every man over the age of forty should put aside a certain amount of money each year for use as a nonsense fund.

1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 96 He broke the matzoth, and put one aside—called the Aphiqomon—which was to be eaten after supper.

1991 J. Chang Wild Swans (1993) vi. 173 From the moment a baby girl was born, her mother would start putting things aside for her dowry.

to put away

†1. transitive. To drive away, repel; (also) to deflect (a blow). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel

recoil?c1225

to turn againc1330

to put awayc1350

rebukec1380

to put abacka1382

to put againa1382

again-puta1400

rebut?a1425

repeal?a1425

retroylc1425

rebatea1475

repel?a1475

repulse?a1475

to put backa1500

refel1548

revert1575

rembar1588

to beat back1593

rebeat1595

reject1603

repress1623

rambarrea1630

stave1631

refringe1692

slap-back1931

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxviii. 10 (MED) Ne putt me nouȝt owaie [L. ne repellas me] fram þyne comaundementz.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 202 The magnas draweþ to Iren in o cornere and putteþ it away in anoþer corner.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 271 Sir Launcelot..put the stroke away of that one gyaunte.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/2 I dyd put hym awaye as harde as I coulde.

a. transitive. To set aside, renounce, abjure; to dismiss from one's mind. Formerly also: †to abolish, reject, put an end to (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to

astintc700

stathea1200

atstuntc1220

to put an end toa1300

to set end ofa1300

batec1300

stanch1338

stinta1350

to put awayc1350

arrestc1374

finisha1375

terminec1390

achievea1393

cease1393

removec1405

terminate?a1425

stop1426

surceasec1435

resta1450

discontinue1474

adetermine1483

blina1500

stay1525

abrogatea1529

suppressa1538

to set in or at stay1538

to make stay of1572

depart1579

check1581

intercept1581

to give a stop toa1586

dirempt1587

date1589

period1595

astayc1600

nip1600

to break off1607

snape1631

sist1635

to make (a) stop of1638

supersede1643

assopiatea1649

periodizea1657

unbusya1657

to put a stop to1679

to give the holla to1681

to run down1697

cessate1701

end1737

to choke off1818

stopper1821

punctuate1825

to put a stopper on1828

to take off ——1845

still1850

to put the lid on1873

on the fritz1900

to close down1903

to put the fritz on something1910

to put the bee on1918

switch1921

to blow the whistle on1934

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to

undoc950

shendOE

forfarea1000

endc1000

to do awayOE

aquenchc1175

slayc1175

stathea1200

tinea1300

to-spilla1300

batec1300

bleschea1325

honisha1325

leesea1325

wastec1325

stanch1338

corrumpa1340

destroy1340

to put awayc1350

dissolvec1374

supplanta1382

to-shend1382

aneantizec1384

avoidc1384

to put outa1398

beshenda1400

swelta1400

amortizec1405

distract1413

consumec1425

shelfc1425

abroge1427

downthringc1430

kill1435

poisonc1450

defeat1474

perish1509

to blow away1523

abrogatea1529

to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529

dash?1529

to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531

put in the pot1531

wipea1538

extermine1539

fatec1540

peppera1550

disappoint1563

to put (also set) beside the saddle1563

to cut the throat of1565

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to make a hand of (also on, with)1569

demolish1570

to break the neck of1576

to make shipwreck of1577

spoil1578

to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579

cipher1589

ruinate1590

to cut off by the shins1592

shipwreck1599

exterminate1605

finish1611

damnify1612

ravel1614

braina1616

stagger1629

unrivet1630

consummate1634

pulverizea1640

baffle1649

devil1652

to blow up1660

feague1668

shatter1683

cook1708

to die away1748

to prove fatal (to)1759

to knock up1764

to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834

to put the kibosh on1834

to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835

kibosh1841

to chaw up1843

cooper1851

to jack up1870

scuttle1888

to bugger up1891

jigger1895

torpedo1895

on the fritz1900

to put paid to1901

rot1908

down and out1916

scuppera1918

to put the skids under1918

stonker1919

liquidate1924

to screw up1933

cruel1934

to dig the grave of1934

pox1935

blow1936

to hit for six1937

to piss up1937

to dust off1938

zap1976

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xvii. 25 Ich ne putted nouȝt hys riȝt~wysnesse oway fram me.

a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 361 (MED) Þes newe ordris..semen alle Anticristis proctours, to putte awey Cristis ordenaunce, and magnefie þer newe sectis.

?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 300 Philip of Valeys..cast & purposed..to put awey þe sege.

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 2 §5 It [shall] be laufull to ij of the Justices..to rejecte and put awey comen ale selling in Tounes.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xliii. 143 Put awaye thy dyspleasure and perdon me.

1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xviii. sig. L1^v I will put away this sleepy Humour, for it is an extreame spender.

1689 C. Mather Memorable Providences sig. b6^v Let all Back-biting, and all Evil-surmising be put away from among you.

1738 J. Wesley Let. 7 July (1931) I. 252 But may we utterly put away all anger, and wrath, and malice, and bitterness, and evil-speaking.

1807 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXVII. 16173 He cannot put the party truster to dispute the validity of their rights when he hath put the same away.

1873 M. Oliphant Innocent xxviii Ask God to put it away out of your mind.

1890 Universal Rev. 15 June 204 That is the last vanity that man learns to put away.

1924 M. Baring C xii. 132 C. walked to the Park..and, putting away from him all thoughts of French literature, took out a pocket Keats.

1995 K. Martin Dream ix. 123 She pointed to a red-tailed hawk that circled out over a canyon and he knew for sure she had finally put away her fears.

†b. transitive. To drive out or away (a disease, etc.); to dispel; to efface, obliterate; to do away with, get rid of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > eradicate or extirpate

fornimOE

to put awaya1382

outroot?a1425

unroot?a1425

out-razec1425

to pluck up1484

avell1530

sweep1560

depopulate1576

ruina1586

assoil1596

to lay aside1596

untop1598

displant1603

float1606

to take off1619

amolish1624

uproota1639

eradicate1647

to lay by1681

to polish off1827

uprend1911

to zero out1951

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > do away with or eradicate

to do awayOE

to do outOE

to put awaya1382

outroot?a1425

to set awayc1430

to set apart1455

roota1500

weed1526

ridc1540

root1565

displace1580

root1582

put1584

eradicate1647

eliminate1650

eruncate1651

to knock out1883

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of

refusea1387

to be rid of (also on)c1450

beskyfte1470

to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on?a1500

to claw off1514

get1558

to put away1577

to get rid of1591

quit1606

to get off with1719

ding1753

shoot1805

to stay shet of1837

shuck1848

shunt1858

shake1872

to dust off1938

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. i. 27 Þe drede of þe lord putteþ awei [L. expellit] synne.

a1398 (a1349) R. Rolle Commandm. of Love (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 70 (MED) Set þi luf on his nome, Ihesu..for..it putteth awey wicked dredes and vices.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 49 (MED) The ensens he brent to put away þe stench of þe stabull.

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 108 It vtterly stauncheth and putteth awaye cleane the Canker.

1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 82 If after thou of Garlike strong, the sauour wilt expell: A Mard is sure the onely meane, to put away the smell.

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 374 As if one, to put away one spot in his face, should wash himself in puddle mire.

1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. v. xiii. 317 If the womb be subject to a hot and dry distemper, you must put away choler from the Liver, and from the whole body.

1723 R. Riccaltoun Enq. Present Differences in Church of Scotl. vii. 270 They have an Advocate before the Throne, who..having at once put away Sin by the Sacrifice of himself,..hath for ever perfected them.

1764 D. Monro Acct. Dis. Brit. Mil. Hosp. 180 Their [sc. agues] being sometimes put away by a Stimulous externally applied, or by a Fright, or sudden Plunge into cold Water.

1799 Ann. Med. 1796 (ed. 2) 1 368 He had taken some hot ale with pepper, as he said, ‘to put away the cold in his back, and the puking’.

c. transitive. To dismiss or get rid of (a person, occasionally also an animal); to send away from one's presence; to exclude; (frequently) spec. to divorce. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss or discharge

to put awaya1387

discharge1428

dismiss1477

to put out of wages1542

discard1589

to turn away1602

to put off1608

disemploy1619

to pay off1648

to pay off1651

to turn out1667

to turn off1676

quietus1688

strip1756

trundle1794

unshop1839

shopc1840

to lay off1841

sack1841

drop1845

to give (a person) the shoot1846

bag1848

swap1862

fire1879

to knock off1881

bounce1884

to give (a person) the pushc1886

to give (a person) the boot or the order of the boot1888

bump1899

spear1911

to strike (a medical practitioner, etc.) off the register1911

terminate1920

tramp1941

shitcan1961

pink slip1966

dehire1970

resize1975

to give a person his jotters1990

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject

awarpc1000

forwerpeOE

warpc1000

nillOE

warnc1300

reprovec1350

to put abacka1382

to throw awaya1382

repugnc1384

to put awaya1387

waivec1386

forshoota1400

disavowc1400

defyc1405

disprovec1430

repelc1443

flemea1450

to put backa1500

reject?1504

refutea1513

repulse1533

refel1548

repudiate1548

disallowa1555

project?1567

expel1575

discard1578

overrule1578

forsay1579

check1601

decard1605

dismiss1608

reprobate1609

devow1610

retorta1616

disclaimc1626

noforsootha1644

respuate1657

reluctate1668

negative1778

no-ball1862

basket1867

to set one's foot down1873

not to have any (of it, that, this)1895

to put down1944

eighty-six1959

neg1987

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > divorce or dissolution > dissolve (a marriage) [verb (transitive)] > divorce (a spouse)

to put awaya1387

divorce1387

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 269 Þe kyng putte away [?a1475 anon. tr. refusede; L. repudiat] his laweful wif.

c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 27 (MED) And putte away fulle mony of ȝour men and halde butte on, quere ȝe hald ten.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 71 Let vs..putte a~way and remoue bisshopes and prestis that they be noȝt drawyn in helle for deceyuyng.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xix. f. xxvj^v Whosoever putteth awaye his wyfe (except hit be for fornicacion) and maryeth another, breaked wedlocke.

1599 Aycliffe Reg. in Sir C. Sharp Chron. Mirab. (1841) 36 Put away such servants..as wyll not usually come to churche.

1682 T. Shadwell Medal of John Bayes (1843) II. Ep. A He..has perform'd it so dully, that if you put him away..No body else will take him.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 114 If..he should take the Advantage the Law would give him, he might put me away with disdain.

1856 Times 4 July 8/5 The bill..would give to the comparatively wealthy the power of putting away their wives.

1919 S. Angus Environment Early Christianity iii. 46 Men could put away their wives for the slightest cause, and women could as easily divorce their husbands.

1948 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 54 17/1 There are instances of Moslem men..putting away their wives in order to secure a Creole bride.

1969 B. Head When Rain Clouds Gather ix. 131 You must never, never put anyone away from you as not being your brother.

1999 B. Blackburn & L. Holford-Strevens Oxf. Compan. Year 212 In many cathedrals secular canons, often of noble birth, were compelled to put away their wives.

d. transitive. To dispose of, sell, or exchange (property, goods, etc.); to part with. Now rare.In 18th and 19th centuries frequently with the implication of fraud or illegality; cf. to put off 9a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)]

to sell awayc1230

to set to (for, on) sale, a-salec1275

sella1330

to make sale (of)c1430

market1455

to make penny of1464

vent1478

to put away1574

dispatch1592

money1598

vent1602

to put off1631

vend1651

hawk1713

realize1720

mackle1724

neat1747

to sell over1837

unload1884

flog1919

move1938

shift1976

c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 24/2 Of lande of conquest to put away [L. De alienacione terre de conquestu].

1488 Cely Papers in Eng. Stud. (1961) 42 145 I put awey in the eschaunge of theym [sc. groats] euery pece for ij s. j d. Flem.

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus f. 19^v Than euery one of them setteth his shiftes abroche,..some with hauinge outelandishe syluer coynes guylded, to put away at a tyme for good gold.

1574 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1899) XX. 467 To sell..and put away his landis, heretagis, [etc.].

1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 61 To sell give or putt away anye part of the landes.

a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1826) (modernized text) II. 348 He took two skins and a half..which he carried to Mr. Cutting's ship, and put it away there for twenty-four shillings.

1703 Athenian Oracle II. 551 For those who buy such [sc. counterfeit] Money on purpose to put it away, there's hardly any will endeavour to excuse 'em.

1721 Compl. Coll. Remarkable Tryals Old Bailey IV. 165 These Allegations the Council for the Prisoner endeavour'd to obviate,..saying, that a man might put away false Money unknowingly.

1865 Leaves from Diary Celebrated Burglar 136/2 The ‘swag’ was overhauled, and a council held as to its probable value and who to ‘put it away’ to.

1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society xiv. 301 He was advised to ‘put it [sc. an automobile] away’, meaning to sell it, until the church could come to a unanimous decision.

e. transitive. To kill (a person); to put (an animal) down. Also: to bury, dispose of the remains of (a dead person). Now colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]

bedelveOE

begraveOE

burya1000

beburyc1000

bifel-ec1000

layc1000

to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE

tombc1275

gravec1300

inter1303

rekec1330

to lap in leadc1340

to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340

lie1387

to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400

to lay lowa1425

earthc1450

sepulture1490

to put awaya1500

tyrea1500

mould1530

to graith in the grave1535

ingrave1535

intumulate1535

sepult1544

intumil?c1550

yird1562

shrinea1566

infera1575

entomb1576

sepelite1577

shroud1577

funeral1578

to load with earth1578

delve1587

to lay up1591

sepulchrize1595

pit-hole1607

infuneral1610

mool1610

inhumate1612

inurna1616

inhume1616

pit1621

tumulate1623

sepulchrea1626

turf1628

underlay1639

urna1657

to lay to sleep, asleep1701

envaulta1745

plant1785

ensepulchre1820

sheugh1839

to put under1879

to lay away1885

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vi. l. 1554 Swa gert he..Be slayne to ded and put away Þe Denmarkis, þat tyme þat he fande [etc.].

1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. A4^v Deuising with himself a long time how he might best put away Egistus without suspition of treacherous murder, hee concluded at last to poyson him.

1847 A. Brontë Agnes Grey xiv. 205 A reward, I should have greatly valued..were he [sc. a dog] not now in danger of being ‘put away’.

1896 Mrs. H. Ward Sir George Tressady 148 It's three weeks now sen they put him away.

1917 Denton (Maryland) Jrnl. 8 Sept. 1/5 Hang your tag on my cot, and when I am put away as Ralph Hethrington you will be Alan Hethrington.

1932 E. Waugh Black Mischief viii. 311 The dogs had long been rounded up and painlessly put away.

1971 E. Lemarchand Death on Doomsday ix. 137 I'd like to see old Peplow put away decently.

1985 E. Leonard Glitz xxvi. 225 Pull out the old Smith and put him away. One shot.

f. transitive. colloquial. To send to prison; to commit to or confine in an institution.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)]

beclosec1000

setc1100

steekc1175

prison?c1225

adightc1275

imprison1297

laya1325

keepc1330

presentc1380

locka1400

throwc1422

commise1480

clapc1530

shop1548

to lay up1565

incarcerate1575

embar1590

immure1598

hole1608

trunk1608

to keep (a person) darka1616

carceir1630

enjaila1631

pocket1631

bridewell1733

bastille1745

cage1805

quod1819

bag1824

carcerate1839

to send down1840

jug1841

slough1848

to send up1852

to put away1859

warehouse1881

roundhouse1889

smug1896

to bang up1950

society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > in institution

institutionalize1905

to put away1938

warehouse1972

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > drive mad [verb (transitive)] > certify or commit

to take away1834

certify1877

to put away1938

1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 70 Put away, locked up; imprisoned.

1869 J. Greenwood Seven Curses London vii. 90 The handkerchief wot's put up to raffle here is the wery identical one that I was put away for.

1883 Daily Tel. 4 Aug. 2/1 Having been ‘put away’ since the previous October..and only just now released.

1938 N. Marsh Death in White Tie xvi. 179 She became hopelessly insane... He arranged to have her put away.

1952 Sun (Baltimore) 2 June 14/3 There is less social pressure on people to make a place for grandparents at home, less feeling that it would be disgraceful to have them put away.

1996 D. Brimson & E. Brimson Everywhere we Go ix. 135 The police can be after you in minutes and will have the evidence they need to put you away.

†g. slang. To put in pawn, to pawn. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > borrow money [verb (transitive)] > pawn

to give (also have, lay, put, take) to pledgec1384

to set, put, lay to or in wedc1384

engage1525

pawn1570

to lay (up) in lavender1584

impawn1598

oppignorate1622

pignorate1623

dip1640

to put to lumber1671

vamp1699

pop1731

sweatc1800

spout1811

lumber1819

up the spout1819

hock1878

soak1882

to put away1887

1887 Daily News 22 Oct. 3/3 They have clothes and household effects..which, if need be, they can ‘put away’ during the winter.

1909 J. Galsworthy Silver Box i. iii. 32 Mrs. Jones. We've been obliged to put away most of our things. Barthwick. Put your things away! You mean to—to—er—to pawn them?

1926 G. H. Maines & B. Grant Wise-crack Dict. 12/1 Putting away his ice, pawning his diamond.

a. transitive. To put (something) out of one's hands, or out of immediate use, into a container or receptacle; to store or stow away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > deposit or put away

to put upc1330

to lay up?a1366

leavea1375

disposec1420

stowc1485

reposea1500

repose?c1525

commit1531

reject1541

dispatcha1566

tuck1587

to put away1607

reposit1630

repositate1716

to stow away1795

park1908

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 650 That which swimmeth aboue in the manner of fat, they scum it off with their handes, and put it away in a vessell of Tinne.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. xvi. 289 My House-Keeper was gone abroad, and has locked up all my Rooms;..she hath likewise put away all my Linnen.

1798 J. Austen Let. 27 Oct. (1995) 17 The Books from Winton are all unpacked & put away.

?1807 T. Jefferson Memorandum in H. W. Pierson Jefferson at Monticello (1862) iii. 47 The toll of the mill is to be put away in the two garners.

1843 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 4 ii. 398 The fruit should be..carefully put away in bins.

1890 Illustr. London News 13 Sept. 330/1 Searching for the spectacles he had put away overnight.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables iii. 42 To bed, when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla.

1941 E. Bowen In Square in Coll. Stories (1980) 610 The lamps were fewer; some had been put away with the bric-a-brac that used to be on the tables.

1987 E. Feinstein Captive Lion iii. 62 Marina decided everything, including the time when toys had to be put away and when Alya was to go to bed.

2004 J. Burchill Sugar Rush (2005) 28 She put her phone away and took out a mirror and lipstick.

b. transitive. colloquial. To consume (food or drink), esp. in large quantities.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)]

brookc950

abiteOE

haveOE

afangOE

takec1175

notea1200

usec1300

spendc1380

consumec1400

partake1602

pree1680

discuss1751

tuck1784

to put down1795

to be (also go) at the ——1796

go1830

kill1833

to put away1839

down1852

to put over1880

to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880

shift1896

1839 New World 2 Nov. 4/3 The way she cood make injin cakes, and the way I wood slick 'em over with molasses and put 'em away, was nothin to nobody.

1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour III. xii. 184 I never saw a man put away such an enormous quantity of provisions at one time.

1924 A. Huxley Little Mexican 225 She did like boasting about the amount of champagne she could put away without getting buffy.

1969 G. Greene Trav. with my Aunt i. viii. 76 Between us we can probably put away half a bottle of vodka.

1994 A. Gurnah Paradise (1995) 194 What a loud-mouth! And did you see how much food he put away?

c. transitive. To lay aside or save up (money, etc.) for future use. Cf. to put by 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve

reservea1382

keepa1400

sparea1400

savea1450

to put by1568

to put aside1569

to set byc1595

sepose1609

seposit1657

to lay aside1711

to set away1747

to lay by1786

to lay (also put) past1847

to put away1861

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations xxxix, in All Year Round 11 May 147 I've put away money, only for you to spend.

1921 V. Eliot Let. 23 Aug. (1988) I. 465 We want to open an account here in your name and put that money away for you so that you shall have a small fund..ready for you when you come back.

1986 O. P. Adisa Bake-Face & Other Guava Stories 4 Those who have not been frugal enough to put away a few pennies during the season.

2005 Baby & You Feb. 38/2 You can also set up a direct debit so you can put away a regular amount every month.

4. transitive. slang. To inform against, betray; to give (a person) up to the police. Now rare (Australian in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

meldeOE

bimeldena1300

forgabc1394

to blow up?a1400

outsay?a1400

detectc1449

denounce1485

ascry1523

inform1526

promote1550

peach1570

blow1575

impeach1617

wheedle1710

split1795

snitch1801

cheep1831

squeal1846

to put away1858

spot1864

report1869

squawk1872

nose1875

finger1877

ruck1884

to turn over1890

to gag on1891

shop1895

pool1907

run1909

peep1911

pot1911

copper1923

finger1929

rat1932

to blow the whistle on1934

grass1936

rat1969

to put in1975

turn1977

1858 Times 12 Apr. 11/3 He made up his mind to put him away as he (Bennett) had..tried with witness's wife.

1864 in Comments on Etymol. (1988) Mar. 10 His treacherous conduct in trying to ‘put us away’ to the Leeds' coppers.

1890 Argus (Melbourne) 2 Aug. 4/3 It's all right, mate; I won't put you away.

1901 H. Lawson Joe Wilson & his Mates ii. 283 I'll go straight across to the police camp and put you away, and I don't care if you lose your licence.

5. transitive.

a. Sport. To hit, return, or strike (a ball, etc.) successfully, esp. in such a way as to score or to defeat one's opponent. Also (chiefly Rugby): to pass the ball to (a player in scoring position).

ΚΠ

1879 Washington Post 11 July 1/1 Baker put the ball away over in the left field and made first.

1927 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 20 Sept. 6/4 Even when he did gain the barrier and had the ball covered he could not always put it away.

1957 Times 9 Sept. 12/4 He knocked on when Roberts put him away with wide open spaces in front of him.

1971 B. C. Pelton Badminton ii. vi. 51 The smash or overhead smash is a shot used to ‘kill’ or ‘put away’ any shot higher than the level of the net.

1991 Observer 22 Sept. 48/2 The ball went right to Guscott, who made another half-break and found support before Andrew put Underwood away to score.

2003 O. Shine Lang. Tennis 73 She raced on to a short ball, lifted a lob right over Davenport's head and then put away the volley with aplomb.

b. Sport (originally U.S.). To make sure of victory in (a game) or over (an opponent, team, etc.).

ΚΠ

1905 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 27 July 1/1 In the first and fourth innings the Goodnows added enough runs to put the game away.

1935 Hamburg (Iowa) Reporter 11 July 1/1 Council Bluffs got to Audubon in about the sixth inning and put them away Friday morning.

1968 Los Angeles Times 26 Apr. iii. 1/5 It frustrated the Celtics that they couldn't put the Lakers away..with Baylor (foul trouble) out of the lineup for 18 minutes.

1980 R. Mayer 1937 Newark Bears ix. 127 Beggs..induced Madura to hit a ground ball..for the third and last out. Then McQuinn put it away in the thirteenth by blasting his second home run of the game.

2004 Independent (Nexis) 26 Feb. It's a pity that we wasted so many scoring chances... Just those three alone had several chances to put the game away.

to put back

†1. transitive. To renounce, set aside; to revoke. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest > again

to put back1435

reinvest1749

revest1790

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)]

fordoOE

allayOE

withdrawc1290

withclepe13..

again-callc1390

to call againc1390

repealc1390

revokec1400

unmakec1400

rive1415

annulc1425

abroge1427

uncommandc1430

discharge?a1439

retreatc1443

retract1501

cancela1513

abrogate?1520

dissolve1526

extinct1531

rescind1531

abrenounce1537

infringe1543

recall1565

unwrite1577

extinguish1590

exauctorate1593

relinquish1594

unact1594

to strike off1597

undecide1601

unpass1606

to take off1609

to draw back1610

reclaim1615

to put back1616

abrenunciate1618

unrip1622

supersedeate1641

to set off1642

unassure1643

unorder1648

to ask away1649

disdetermine1651

unbespeak1661

undecree1667

reassumea1675

off-break1702

circumduct1726

raise1837

resiliate1838

denounce1841

disorder1852

pull1937

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 58 Rightwes forsoyth with-oute cessyng to Ioy of godis sight all fenydnes put bak; with hart, mouth, & deed þai tent.

1616 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 468 All subsidies and saulf conducts..whatsoever shalbe put back and extinguished.

2. transitive. To lower in status, position, or condition; to retard the advance or progress of.In quot. c1475: †to deprive (a person) of something (obsolete).

ΚΠ

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 183 (MED) We had be put bakke of oure prosperite.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Hi^v Sodenly promotyd, and sodenly put backe..Sodenly commendyd, and sodenly fynde a lacke.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hosea iv. 17 Their dronckennesse hath put them backe, & brought them to whordome.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §354 An ouerdrie nourishment in child~hood putteth back stature.

1792 T. Paine Rights of Man: Pt. Second v. 118 The annual expenditure might be put back to one million and an half.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. 622/2 Pig-iron, a flat piece of iron, which the cook interposes between the fire and meat roasting, when she wants to retard, or put back that operation.

1872 ‘S. Coolidge’ What Katy Did xiii. 227 You must be careful,..or you'll be laid up again. A course of fever would put you back for years.

1892 Field 7 May 695/1 Their one mistake..should not have..put them back to second place.

1915 W. Cather Song of Lark vi. iii. 403 The next few months would put her five years ahead, or would put her back so far that it would be of no use to struggle further.

1968 Elyria (Ohio) Chron.-Telegram 9 Mar. 23/1 The establishment of a commission to study..moral, ethical, legal and sociological considerations of transplants ‘would..put progress back a lot’.

1990 J. Butler Old & Rare Breeds Poultry 22 The small table carcasses have been put back a little in the markets on account of leg colour.

†3. transitive. To force back, repulse; to refuse, reject. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject

awarpc1000

forwerpeOE

warpc1000

nillOE

warnc1300

reprovec1350

to put abacka1382

to throw awaya1382

repugnc1384

to put awaya1387

waivec1386

forshoota1400

disavowc1400

defyc1405

disprovec1430

repelc1443

flemea1450

to put backa1500

reject?1504

refutea1513

repulse1533

refel1548

repudiate1548

disallowa1555

project?1567

expel1575

discard1578

overrule1578

forsay1579

check1601

decard1605

dismiss1608

reprobate1609

devow1610

retorta1616

disclaimc1626

noforsootha1644

respuate1657

reluctate1668

negative1778

no-ball1862

basket1867

to set one's foot down1873

not to have any (of it, that, this)1895

to put down1944

eighty-six1959

neg1987

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel

recoil?c1225

to turn againc1330

to put awayc1350

rebukec1380

to put abacka1382

to put againa1382

again-puta1400

rebut?a1425

repeal?a1425

retroylc1425

rebatea1475

repel?a1475

repulse?a1475

to put backa1500

refel1548

revert1575

rembar1588

to beat back1593

rebeat1595

reject1603

repress1623

rambarrea1630

stave1631

refringe1692

slap-back1931

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 460 (MED) Thourgh his prowesse thei were putte bakke and chaced to the town.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/1 He had thought to take orders at this tyme, but he was put backe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras iii. 16 As for Iacob thou didest chose him and put backe Esau.

1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. D3 Be thou not slacke, To proffer though she put thee back.

c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 840 That noble brand,..It was never won by no strength, Nor yet put back by its own length.

1665 Oxf. Gaz. No. 3/4 Thursday last the Drake Friggot, and a Ketch with Goods,..were put back by the storms.

1711 tr. Plutarch Lives III. 243 Archelaus put back from hence, bent his Forces upon Chæronea.

1793 C. Smith Old Manor House IV. iv. 86 Putting back with his hand the servants who would have opposed his passage, he went up stairs.

1820 T. Dibdin Fate of Calas iii. 33 Ambroise tries to escape up the steps towards the judgement hall, but is put back by the officer of the guards.

1892 Times 28 Nov. 10/4 [He] put back the crowd and got a policeman to take Brogan into the booth.

1915 F. M. Hueffer Good Soldier vi. 281 If she thinks the man has been a brute to his wife she will, with her instinctive feeling for suffering femininity, ‘put him back’.

4. intransitive. Nautical. To reverse course, turn back; to return to the port of departure. Cf. sense 9c.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > reverse one's course

to put back1605

1605 J. Rosier True Relation Voy. G. Waymouth sig. A4 This was in the latitude of 41 degrees, 20 minuts: wherefore we were constrained to put backe againe from the land.

1666 London Gaz. No. 55/4 The wind coming short upon them off of Scheveling, they were forced to put back.

1757 G. G. Beekman Let. 4 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 288 As no Other Vessel Appears nor Orders from Your Place it is Generally thought none will in season since the Colouden has put back.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 247 My aunt desired her brother to order the boatmen to put back to Kinghorn.

1859 K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. Introd. 6 The latter vessel..having a few days previously been compelled to ‘put back’, owing to..having sprung a leak.

1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 27 Feb. 136/2 The Kate..put back to Salcombe.

1943 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. 8 July 5/2 Aren't you going to put back, Captain?

1987 Ships Monthly July 35/1 Three ships subsequently suffered ice damage and put back.

2003 West Briton (Nexis) 25 Sept. 47 The weather was so bad that the ship had to put back and run for Falmouth.

5. transitive.

a. transitive. To restore to a former place or position; to replace.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > again or in previous position

restorec1425

repone?1440

repose?1440

remise1481

replace1587

recollocate1598

reimplace1611

to put backa1625

refit1649

retroduce1659

relodge1660

reposit1800

reship1804

reshift1822

reset1829

a1625 Pageant of Moyses in Stonyhurst Pageants (1920) 49 Putt back agayne into thy bosome lett yt bee.

1673 H. Chamberlen tr. F. Mauriceau Accomplisht Midwife ii. xxiv. 201 The Chirurgeon perceiving the Child to come with the Breech foremost, ought to put it back, if he can.

1719 tr. P. Dionis Gen. Treat. Midwifery vii. 275 So soon as she perceives that the Bottom of the Womb comes out with the After-Burden, she ought to separate it from it, and put it back into its place.

1796 St. G. Tucker Probationary Odes Jonathan Pindar xiv. 95 Emptying half the wheat as he'd been taught, Into its place the skipple-stone puts back.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 253 I'll pit back the pick and shool whar I got them.

1863 A. Trollope Rachel Ray II. iv. 66 He slowly refolded the paper and put it back into its envelope.

1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. iii. 47 We'd best put it back on the rug where we found it.

1953 J. Masefield Conway (ed. 2) iii. 164 Next term, arriving back with no grommet in my cap as an ‘old hand’, and promptly being told to put it back.

2006 New Yorker 23 Jan. 81/2 He picked up a pair of sunglasses with diamanté studs but put them back again.

b. Frequently with into.

(a) transitive. To replace (nutrients, etc.) in cultivated ground. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. Cf. to plough back 1 at plough v. Phrasal verbs.

ΚΠ

1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 23 Jan. 126/2 The writings of the great dead..would have insensibly watered and reenriched the ground which he [sc. Dickens] was continually using up without ever putting any thing back into it.

1903 Kingston (Jamaica) Gleaner 16 Apr. 9/1 The moral is that cultivators should look to put back into the soil what they take out.

1964 Times 18 May 11/2 Through his desire to put something back into the game which had given him so much pleasure, he came to occupy the highest posts of honour.

1992 Independent 3 Mar. 5 (advt.) Whatever we take out of the land, we always make sure we put plenty back.

(b) transitive. spec. To reinvest (income or profit) in the enterprise producing it; = to plough back 2 at plough v. Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest > in specific way

to lock up1692

to tie up1822

to plough back1912

to put back1912

1912 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 20 Apr. (advt.) It has been necessary to put a part..of our profits back into the car.

1942 D. Powell Time to be Born (1943) ii. 44 The profits..had been..put back into the business, new office equipment, printing, one thing and another.

2005 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 16 July 7 The money we raise through sales is put back into the business.

a. transitive. To adjust (a timepiece) so as to show an earlier time; to move (the hands of a clock) back for this purpose. Also figurative. See also to put the clock back at clock n.¹ and adv. Phrases 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set

setc1400

temper1538

roll1583

rule1595

winda1616

to wind upa1616

to set forwarda1627

to set back1635

regulate1665

to put back1704

to put forward1741

to put on1826

time1873

1704 T. Gale Serm. Holy-days 51 Others of them think they can work Wonders in Chronology, and therefore will needs put back Hezekiah's Clock for so many years.

1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 42 When you find that you cannot get Dinner ready at the Time appointed, put the Clock back.

1836 W. Dunlap Thirty Years Ago xviii. 157 Allen, asking Spiffard for his watch, and putting it back twenty minutes, said, ‘there now, it is exactly ten minutes too fast.’

1868 Ld. Lytton Orval (1869) 234 Orval. It is too late. Panurge. Listen! We cannot put back time.

1881 E. Lynn Linton My Love! III. ix. 157 She had put back her age ten years at the least.

1918 V. Woolf Diary 2 Oct. (1977) I. 198 Our clocks were put back on Sunday night.

1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 191/2 The effect, of course, is to put the clock back to the time of the last dump and all updates made since then must be repeated.

2005 Kalgoorlie (W. Austral.) Miner (Nexis) 12 Apr. 2 Once at Perth, they put their watches back two hours which made it dinner time again.

b. transitive. To cause to occur at a later time; to defer; to delay. Cf. to put off 1 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]

forslowc888

eldc897

forsita940

gele971

lengOE

drilla1300

delayc1300

onfrestc1300

tarryc1320

jornc1330

dretchc1380

defer1382

forbida1387

to put offa1387

to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393

dilate1399

fordrawa1400

to put overc1410

latch?c1422

adjournc1425

prolongc1425

proloynec1425

rejournc1425

to put in respite1428

sleuthc1430

respitea1450

prorogue1453

refer1466

sleep1470

supersede1482

respectc1487

postpone1496

overseta1500

respett1500

enjourna1513

relong1523

retract1524

tarde1524

track1524

to fode forth1525

tract1527

protract1528

further1529

to make stay of1530

surcease1530

prorogate1534

to fay upon longc1540

linger1543

retard?1543

slake1544

procrastine1548

reprieve1548

remit1550

suspense1556

leave1559

shiftc1562

suspend1566

procrastinate1569

dally1574

post1577

to hold off1580

drift1584

loiter1589

postpose1598

to take one's (own) timea1602

flag1602

slug1605

elong1610

belay1613

demur1613

tardya1616

to hang up1623

frist1637

disjourn1642

future1642

off1642

waive1653

superannuate1655

perendinate1656

stave1664

detard1675

remora1686

to put back1718

withhold1726

protract1737

to keep over1847

to hold over1853

laten1860

to lay over1885

hold1891

back-burner1975

1718 W. W. England’s Witty & Ingenious Jester (ed. 17) 32 The Gentleman seeing him a coming, bad his Servants put back his Dinner.

1763 Sophronia x. 85 Receiving several advertisements from the kitchen, that the dinner which had been put back an hour, would be spoiled.

1794 J. Woodforde Diary 14 June (1929) IV. 115 The Rain..put back our dinner till after 4 o'clock.

1849 H. W. Herbert Dermot O'Brien iv. 56 Say to her that I beseech her to put back the supper yet half an hour longer.

1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 189 The defeat of the former at Novara put back the unity of Italy.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxxv. 157 He took as long as he could over dressing in order to put back the moment of seeing her.

1959 Listener 24 Sept. 501/1 The take-over bid was made by A.B.C. who put back their usual production time by an hour.

2000 Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 12/2 Her transplant date had been put back because ‘the hospital realised it needed a five-day working week to sort things out’.

7. transitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). With complement: to cost (a person), set (a person) back a specified amount.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] > cost

costc1400

to set back1900

to put back1909

1909 Dial. Notes 3 402 ‘How much did that put you back?’ ‘Six dollars.’

1958 B. Ruck Third Love Lucky iv. 31 It puts you back five shillings for a quarter of an hour.

2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 July 72 A six-room apartment in the prosperous Friedenau district will put you back less than £200,000.

† to put behind

Obsolete.

transitive. To put (a person or thing) into the background or into a subordinate position; to bring low; to disregard.

ΚΠ

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 207 (MED) Þere þat richesse regneth..þe riche is reuerenced..Þere þe pore is put bihynde.

a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 358 (MED) Shrifte to God is put bihynde..but privy shrifte, newe founden, is autorisid as nedeful to soulis heele.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 1305 The pride off Nembroth ther was put behynde.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 90 Put not his bidding be hynd.

?1506 Lytell Geste Robyn Hode (de Worde) sig. D.i And there I holpe a pore yeman With wronge was put behynde.

to put by

1. transitive.

a. To thrust or set aside (literal and figurative); to reject, discount; to neglect, abandon. Formerly also: †to leave out, except; to stop, desist from (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)] > except

to take outc1175

out-takec1390

outnima1400

excludec1400

outcepta1470

reserve1523

except1530

exempt1548

to put by1594

abate1598

exemea1600

bate1619

rescinda1687

to tell out1812

to tell out of ——1812

exception1845

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 448 (MED) He wexid so fond on hur at he..oft wolde hafe had at do with hur, and evur sho putt hym bye.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 237 Yat the said quene johanne mycht nocht put by the lyne of the successioun fra the rycht airis.

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Eviij^v Shal thys baggage, put by the word of God?

1594 T. Nashe Christs Teares (new ed.) To Rdr. Euen of the meanest and basest..I desire to bee thought fauorably of, onely the bloud of the Harueys put by.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 165 For Christian shame, put by this barbarous brawle.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 223 A Crowne..being offer'd him, he put it by with the backe of his hand.

1673 Sheriffhall Coal Acct. Bks. 12 July For aill to the workmen for putting by the watter in a greit storme.

1705 Boston News-let. 9 Apr. 2/2 The French Capt. presented a Pistol with a brace of Bullets to his breast, but Perkins put it by with his hand.

1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 24 May (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1547 He will be discouraged, put by, or trampled upon.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Diary 26 Apr. in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) II. 743 He has put by his Journey to Italy.

1828 F. Owen 26 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (2000) 69 My poor screens have been quite put by this week.

1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies ii. 184 There is no putting by that crown; queens you must always be.

1906 W. B. Yeats Poems (1997) 420 Put by these thoughts, And listen to me for a while. The sailors Are plotting for your death.

1964 W. Golding Spire v. 97 I have so much will, it puts all other business by.

2000 J. Freeman Evoke vii. 106 The brandy was put by and the two of them sipped decaf.

†b. To turn aside, parry (a blow or thrust); (figurative) to ward off, avert (a threat, calamity, etc.). Formerly also intransitive. Obsolete (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > ward off harm > specifically a stroke or blow

biberghOE

keepc1175

repela1460

to put bya1530

ward1571

award1579

bucklera1616

guard1654

foil1841

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 1792 He lete nowcht slay thame in Ingland, For till eschewe..blame, And be colowre to pwt by schame.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxv. sig. Pv He stept asyde..and well and warely put the stroke by.

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iii. iii. 104 Almanzor..charg'd him with so much vigour..that he scarce gave him leasure to put by, or avenge himselfe.

1682 J. Flavell Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) ii. 10 An imminent..evil, which we see not how to escape or put by.

1701 S. Wesley Hist. Old Test. in Verse 51 Interposing Heav'n put by the Blow.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxvii. 195 I was aware of his thrust, and put it by.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. vii. 414 I had the good fortune to put by all his thrusts.

1845 Bentley's Misc. 18 215 ‘Look to your brother,’ said Sainte-Croix, as he put by the furious thrusts of Henri.

1905 H. Pyle Story Champions Round Table i. viii. 72 But Sir Launcelot put by the blow with his sword so that it did him no harm.

†c. To bar (a person) from a goal or purpose; to divert, turn away, or dissuade from; to distract. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc.

warnc888

withseta1330

defendc1330

conclude1382

privea1387

retainc1415

refrain1442

prohibit1483

repel1483

stop1488

sever?1507

discourage1528

seclude?1531

prevent1533

foreclose1536

lock1560

stay1560

disallow1568

intercept1576

to put bya1586

crossa1616

stave1616

prevent1620

secure1623

stave1630

riot1777

tent1781

footer1813

to stop off1891

mozz1941

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xi. sig. G5 Which put by their young cosin from that expectation.

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. xiii. sig. Aa3 Put by from thys, the Duke of Yorke dissignes Another course to bring his hopes about.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 125 Some thing or other ever came travers..and put him by.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 27 Considering..whether they should march to the Relief of Casal, but the Chimera of the Germans put them by.

1786 E. Burke Speech on Rohilla War Charge in Speeches & Writings (1981) VI. 98 Put by from this practice for a while—he appears to have resumed it and continued it..nearly to the last hour of his Government.

1794 R. Cumberland Jew iv. 46 You are pleas'd to be facetious, but your irony will not put me by from telling you that [etc.].

1806 R. Cumberland Mem. (1807) II. 177 The well-considered remonstrances of some of his nearest friends..put him by from his resolve.

†d. To evade (a question, demand, etc.); to avoid or deflect the questioning, demands, etc., of (a person). Cf. to put off 7a at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > treat with evasion

to put by1618

to put off1630

stave1646

parry1687

to pass off1811

to stall off1819

to stand off1871

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > an argument

elude1612

to put by1618

to put off1675

to shift offa1768

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > evade (responsibility or obligation) > a person or demand with an excuse

to put off1569

fub1600

daffa1616

to put by1618

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > evade [verb (transitive)] > put off

pop1530

to put off1569

to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1591

to shift offc1592

foist1598

to fob off1600

fub1600

to shuffle off1604

doffa1616

jig1633

to trump upa1640

whiffle1654

to fool off1664

sham1682

drill1752

to set off1768

to put by1779

jilt1782

palm1822

stall1829

job1872

to give (a person) the go-around1925

1618 J. Hales Let. 15 Dec. 35 in Golden Remains (1659) When they were prest with any reason they could not put by.

1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 114 The Pope put it by in some general Answers.

1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 18 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1261 That light entregent..enables him to put by and parry some subjects of conversation which might possibly lay him under difficulties.

1779 Duchess of Devonshire Sylph I. 241 How long will they remain satisfied with being repeatedly put by with empty promises?

1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 157 The chancellor,..smiling, put the question by.

1878 R. H. Hutton Scott xv. 159 The medical men..tried to make him give up his novel-writing. But he smiled and put them by.

1919 I. B. Richman Spanish Conquerors 26 Presumably Ferdinand and Isabella, after a courteous hearing, smilingly put by the question of exploration.

2. transitive. To store, stow, esp. for safe keeping; (also) to save up or reserve (money, etc.) for future use. Cf. to put away 3c at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve

reservea1382

keepa1400

sparea1400

savea1450

to put by1568

to put aside1569

to set byc1595

sepose1609

seposit1657

to lay aside1711

to set away1747

to lay by1786

to lay (also put) past1847

to put away1861

1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 218 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 267 Lok vp all in to ȝone almery Baith meit and drink w^t wyne & aill put by.

1576 Edinb. Test. IV. f. 189, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) The said George..to put by twa hundreth merkis to marie the said Bessy.

1692 in W. MacGregor-Stirling Notes on Priory of Inchmahome (1815) 158 My lord's close..put bye in the inner wardrupe.

1780 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia II. 36 An intoxicating liquor..composed of yeast, meal, and hops, which they put by to ferment.

1795 J. Woodforde Diary 31 July (1929) IV. 216 We had it [sc. the pork] taken up and put by for them against another Day.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xx. 201 The old gentleman had put by a little money that nobody knew of.

1890 Illustr. London News 9 Aug. 170/1 Herbs and roots and apples put by for the winter.

a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) xxxii. 136 She formed a scheme of expenditure which involved an annual outlay of about £500, and determined to put the rest by.

1958 S. T. Warner Let. 13 May (1982) 166 Your green guide..has been carefully put by against another visit.

1998 E. Bignell Which? Way to save & Invest (ed. 10) xxiii. 357 Consider..how much you want to put by for a rainy day.

†3. transitive.

a. To drive out, dislodge (an enemy force). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel

afferreOE

warpc1000

outdriveOE

wreakc1100

to cast out1297

to cast fortha1382

out-chasec1395

flecchea1400

to shoot forth, out, awaya1400

propel?1440

expulse?a1475

scour1488

out-thrust1532

to catch forthc1540

propulse1548

pulsec1550

unplant1552

to turn out of ——1562

extrude1566

detrude?1567

eliminate1568

deturbate1570

detruse1571

unroost1598

to put by1600

deturb1609

bolt1615

run1631

disembogue1632

out of1656

expel1669

rout1812

to manage (a person) out of1907

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxvii. 951 From which two capes or heads he supposed that he might easily set back and put by the enemies [L. hostem summoturus] with shooting darts from both sides.

1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vii. xvii. 84 Cæsar went out of his campe..put by the garrison [L. deiecto praesidio], and possessed himselfe of the place.

b. To remove, dispel (a disease, pain, etc.). Cf. to put away 2b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > an immaterial thing

driveOE

exilea1393

to ding outc1400

banish1460

expela1500

pass1565

divorce1594

abstrude1628

to put by1634

abigate1657

1634 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (new ed.) II. Index sig. Kkk 3 Cold fits in agues how to be shortened or put by.

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. iv. 14) 52 This makes..others [call] for other of the Devills anodynes, to put by the pangs of their wounded spirits.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. vi. §36 A Fright alone, hath sometimes put by an Ague-fit. And mitigated a Fit of the Gout.

1757 P. Bacon Moral Quack 34 I have known both of them [sc. prescriptions] frequently put by a Fit—but..neither of these is strong enough to prevent a relapse.

to put down

1. transitive.

a. To move to or bring into a lower position; to lower; to place on the ground, or so as to rest upon a surface.to put one's foot down: see foot n. and int. Phrases 5g.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > put or lay down

allayOE

seta1000

to lay downc1275

to put downa1382

to set downa1400

deposec1420

to sit down1600

depositate1618

deposit1749

ground1751

plank1859

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lay or put down

to lay downc1275

to set netherc1275

to put downa1382

submit1543

down1595

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xix. 12 Sche putte [a1425 L.V. puttide; v.r. lete] hym down bi þe wyndowe..he ȝide a-wei & fleyȝ & is saued.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 153 (MED) Þis seke man..putt down his hand vnto his hambe.

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 To Putte downe, calare.., commergere, deponere, deprimere.

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 216 The cooles within may be moued and laid as a man will haue them, and put down fro the other fier shouel.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. ii. sig. Kk2v This goose..puts downe his head, before there be any thing neere to touch him.

1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 245 Aso. As buckets are put downe into a well; Or as a schoole-boy.—Cri. Trusse vp your simile.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. 87 Put down a piece of Paste-board, and knock it in hard.

1752 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Syncopation In syncopated or driving notes, the hand or foot is taken up, or put down, while the note is sounding.

1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) II. 12 Such is the effect of habituation, that..if passing a river, he hardly puts down his head in effort to drink.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. iv. 26 Putting down the glasses and salt-cellars as if she were knocking at the door.

1930 E. Waugh Vile Bodies (1938) i. 9 Father Rothschild S.J. put down his suitcase in the corner of the bar.

1988 N. Lowndes Chekago i. 41 His hand gave an involuntary tremor as he put down his glass.

2000 R. J. Evans Entertainment vii. 106 Slowly, Spiggsy put the spliff down. He looked pissed off.

b. spec. To lay down and cease to give one's attention to (a piece of work, a book, etc.).

ΚΠ

1769 S. Gunning Hermit I. xii. 144 Sally, who I had employed about some work of which I was grown tired, begged I would put down my book.

1796 Agatha III. i. 5 His sister put down her work, and spreading a coarse but clean cloth on the table, assisted her mother in the preparations for supper.

1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 42 It is impossible to put down a book like the history of the French Academy..without being led to reflect upon the absence, in our own country, of any institution like the French Academy.

1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks xviii She put down her needlework.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xliv. 336 Margaret put down her work and regarded them absently.

1967 B. Cleary Mitch & Amy iii. 61 ‘You know, Mitchell, it's too bad stamper isn't a real word... And now why don't you go outside and play?’ Amy put down her book. ‘Yes Mitch,’ she said, ‘why don't you stamper out and play?’

1973 R. A. Heinlein Let. 16 Sept. in R. A. Heinlein & V. Heinlein Grumbles from Grave (1990) 100 I intend to make it lively, hard to put down as a good novel by any of the millions of aspirant-writers-who-never-will-actually-write.

1995 New Scientist 25 Nov. 55/1 Those who have read the previous five Scarpettas may find this a slowstarter but, by the middle, it is impossible to put down.

c. To cause or allow to alight from a vehicle.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > set down

to set down1669

to put down1795

to leave off1848

land1853

to put off1867

drop1961

1795 J. Woodforde Diary 29 June (1929) IV. 210 We were put down at the White Hart in Stall Street.

1841 C. Dickens Let. 2 May (1969) II. 276 ‘Mind Coachman’ as the old ladies say ‘you take me as fur as ever you go, and don't you put me down till you come to the very end of the journey.’

1862 B. Taylor At Home & Abroad 2nd Ser. viii. 397 I was put down at the station, where omnibuses were in waiting.

1953 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 13 Feb. 10/2 The truck driver put him down next to the road.

2002 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 19 Apr. 10 Most tour coaches put their passengers down here and pick up after an hour or so.

d. To lay (a carpet, linoleum, etc.).

ΚΠ

1856 R. Stuart Let. 1 Nov. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) II. 765 Do not forget, before putting down your carpets, to wash the floors well with strong alum water, & for a foot in breadth around the room, paint the floor with corrosive of sublimate, & you will never have a moth in your carpets.

1889 J. E. Panton Nooks & Corners 29 The darkest brown self-coloured linoleum put down all over the passages and halls.

1897 W. D. Howells Landlord Lion's Head 142 The new rooms were left..uncarpeted; there were thin rugs put down.

1970 N. Pevsner Cambridgeshire (Buildings of Eng.) (ed. 2) 86 Pugin also put down the encaustic tiles in the crossing and the choir.

2001 This Old House Apr. 83/1 About half of the flooring Hosking puts down is engineered—made of thin sheets of wood glued together like plywood.

e. To place (a person) in a particular situation, environment, etc.

ΚΠ

1864 A. K. H. Boyd Autumn Holidays Country Parson iii. 51 It is an unspeakable blessing for a man, that he should be put down among people who can understand him.

1904 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 5 149 Suppose a person with wise personality were to be put down among the patients.

1981 R. Barnard Mother's Boys iv. 48 This ruddy cough. It's the climate... They shouldn't have put people down in this climate.

2. transitive.

a. To defeat or subdue (a person, army, etc.). Now rare or merged in sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job x. 8 Þyne hondis maden me..& so feerly þou puttist [a1425 L.V. castist] me doun [L. praecipitas me].

a1525 Bk. Chess 2160 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I Two rokis maye a king allone put dovne.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6672 This Celidis, forsothe, fought with a speire, Polidamas to put doun & his pride felle.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1887 We shall put downe all that dare contest With vs.

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. i. 93 in Wks. II To mount vp on a joynt-stoole, with a Iewes-trumpe, To put downe Cokeley.

1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. iv. 112 This island is become wretchedly poor ever since the King put down the French Corsairs in the Levant.

1795 Orations Delivered at Meeting Rom. Catholics of Dublin 5 We hear a murmur, I hope unauthorized, that the people must be put down and made tame!

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. vi. 106 The Levellers had opposed Cromwell, and he had put them down with the other troops.

1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 449/1 There was, first of all, the attempt to put down the Birth Control agitators by strong-arm methods.

1979 Sat. Night (Toronto) May 19/2 His grandfather Bedson came out with the Wolseley expedition to put down Riel in 1870.

b. To put an end to (an activity, practice, ideal, institution, etc.) by force or authority; to suppress, crush, quell; to abolish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn

to-warpc888

overwarpeOE

fallOE

cumber1303

overthrowc1375

overturna1382

subverta1382

overwalta1400

sinka1400

to wend downa1400

tuyrec1400

reverse1402

tirvec1420

pervert?a1425

to put downa1425

cumrayc1425

downthringc1430

overthwart?a1439

thringc1480

subvertise1484

succumb1490

renverse1521

precipitate?1528

everta1538

wrake1570

ruinate1590

profligate1643

wreck1749

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.)

shendOE

whelvec1000

allayOE

ofdrunkenc1175

quenchc1175

quashc1275

stanchc1315

quella1325

slockena1340

drenchc1374

vanquishc1380

stuffa1387

daunt?a1400

adauntc1400

to put downa1425

overwhelmc1425

overwhelvec1450

quatc1450

slockc1485

suppressa1500

suffocate1526

quealc1530

to trample under foot1530

repress1532

quail1533

suppress1537

infringe1543

revocate1547

whelm1553

queasom1561

knetcha1564

squench1577

restinguish1579

to keep down1581

trample1583

repel1592

accable1602

crush1610

to wrestle down?1611

chokea1616

stranglea1616

stifle1621

smother1632

overpower1646

resuppress1654

strangulate1665

instranglea1670

to choke back, down, in, out1690

to nip or crush in the bud1746

spiflicate1749

squasha1777

to get under1799

burke1835

to stamp out1851

to trample down1853

quelch1864

to sit upon ——1864

squelch1864

smash1865

garrotte1878

scotch1888

douse1916

to drive under1920

stomp1936

stultify1958

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 4084 (MED) Alle haly kyrk sal be put don.

c1432–1500 (c1390) G. Chaucer Lack of Steadfastness 15 Trouthe is put doun, resoun is holden fable.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 59 (MED) Thei wolde putt downe mannes reason in fulfillyng of their worldely desires.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dv This gyft suppresseth and putteth downe all carnalitees.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 368 It is impossible to extirpe it quite, Frier, till eating and drinking be put downe .

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. xxiii. 23) Capistranus..got a great deal of respect to his doctrine by putting down..mask-interludes, &c.

1730 R. Millar Hist. Church under Old Test. i. 137 He seems to have been a good peaceable Man, raised up to reform Abuses, to put down Idolatry, [etc.].

1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal ii. ii. 21 Sir Peter is such an enemy to scandal, I believe he would have it put down by parliament.

1836 Times 14 Nov. 7/2 I tell Lord Wodehouse..that he will never put down Popery of the Irish people.

1891 Law Times 91 32/2 Putting down the fraudulent devices by means of which the pockets of..investors are..picked.

1911 Catholic Encycl. X. 739/1 Nehemias..put down the abuses with severity.

1961 W. Brandon Indians 343/1 The Canadian North West Mounted Police were organized specifically to put down this whiskey trade north of the border.

1992 Economist 28 Mar. 86/1 Almost two months after loyal troops put down an attempted military coup against President Carlos Andres Perez of Venezuela, political life..has yet to return to normal.

1998 Guardian 24 Oct. 7 Their view is that Chilean fascism was essentially reactive; a swift move to put down communism and calm things down economically.

3. transitive.

a. To depose from office or authority; to dethrone; to diminish in status or dignity.In later use esp. in echoes of Luke 1:52 (see quot. c1384).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]

outOE

deposec1300

remuec1325

to put out1344

to set downc1369

deprivec1374

outputa1382

removea1382

to throw outa1382

to put downc1384

privea1387

to set adowna1387

to put out of ——?a1400

amovec1425

disappoint1434

unmakec1475

dismiss1477

dispoint1483

voidc1503

to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546

relieve1549

cass1550

displace1553

unauthorize1554

to wring out1560

seclude1572

eject1576

dispost1577

decass1579

overboard1585

cast1587

sequester1587

to put to grass1589

cashier1592

discompose1599

abdicate1610

unseat1611

dismount1612

disoffice1627

to take off1642

unchair1645

destitute1653

lift1659

resign1674

quietus1688

superannuate1692

derange1796

shelve1812

shelf1819

Stellenbosch1900

defenestrate1917

axe1922

retire1961

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke i. 52 He puttide [v.r. putte; a1425 L.V. sette] doun [L. deposuit] myȝty men fro seete.

c1400 Brut 247 His fader was in warde in þe castel of Kenylworþ, and eke was put doun of his realte.

?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. Lear 261 in G. Haselbach & G. Hartmann Festschrift (1957) 223 (MED) They put hym doune..And partyd Bryttaine þame betuene.

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 229 (MED) Might many be founde..the whiche..haue ben beten..and put downe from the worship of knyghthode in the degre of seruing footmen.

a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 2229, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 71 Ȝour sagis wald put ȝow dovn And ȝour son..Thai will mak king in to ȝour steid.

?1570–1 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis in Vernacular Writings (1892) 30 Ye lordis wald not consent to put down ye quene or derogat hir of hir authoritie in ony maner.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. ii. 37 Inspired with the spirit of putting down Kings and Princes.

1682 R. L'Estrange Remarks Growth & Progress Non-conformity 20 [He] advises the Parliament to put down the Bishops whether the Queen would or no.

1707 tr. Alcoran of Lewis XIV Pref. sig. A2^v His [sc. God's] Work is now begun, the great Work of putting down the Mighty from their Seat.

1708 R. Newcourt Eccl. Parochial Hist. Diocese London 308 Sir Nic. Carew..lost his Head..for devising to promote Reginald Pole to the Crown, and put down King Henry.

1766 E. Capell Refl. Originality in Authors 60 He [sc. the Earl of Warwick] made Kings and put down Kings almost at his pleasure.

1837 Times 27 Jan. 2/1 If that is the case, you will exclaim, why should not the Lords and Commons put down the King?

1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xlvii. 477 Judges..were almost tools of the king, who could set them up and put them down at his pleasure.

1913 H. Belloc in New Witness 1 May 818 You [soldiers] that put down the mighty from their seat, And fought to fill the hungry with good things; And..trailed your scabbards in the halls of kings.

1993 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 2 Jan. 1 e There's nothing new to..the recognition that God chooses the lowly and puts down the mighty.

b. To bring down the presumption, pride, or self-esteem of (a person); to snub; to better in argument, to reduce to silence. Also (now chiefly): to disparage, find fault with, esp. in a humiliating or belittling manner.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)]

anitherOE

fellOE

lowc1175

to lay lowc1225

to set adownc1275

snuba1340

meekc1350

depose1377

aneantizea1382

to bring lowa1387

declinea1400

meekenc1400

to pull downc1425

avalec1430

to-gradea1440

to put downc1440

humble1484

alow1494

deject?1521

depress1526

plucka1529

to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533

to bring down1535

to bring basec1540

adbass1548

diminish1560

afflict1561

to take down1562

to throw down1567

debase1569

embase1571

diminute1575

to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576

exinanite1577

to take (a person) a peg lower1589

to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589

disbasea1592

to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592

comb-cut1593

unpuff1598

atterr1605

dismount1608

annihilate1610

crest-fall1611

demit1611

pulla1616

avilea1617

to put a scorn on, upon1633

mortify1639

dimit1658

to put a person's pipe out1720

to let down1747

to set down1753

humiliate1757

to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789

start1821

squabash1822

to wipe a person's eye1823

to crop the feathers of1827

embarrass1839

to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864

to sit upon ——1864

squelch1864

to cut out of all feather1865

to sit on ——1868

to turn down1870

to score off1882

to do (a person) in the eye1891

puncture1908

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

to cut down to size1927

flatten1932

to slap (a person) down1938

punk1963

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]

threac897

threapc897

begripea1000

threata1000

castea1200

chaste?c1225

takec1275

blame1297

chastya1300

sniba1300

withnima1315

undernima1325

rebukec1330

snuba1340

withtakea1340

reprovec1350

chastisea1375

arate1377

challenge1377

undertake1377

reprehenda1382

repreync1390

runta1398

snapea1400

underfoc1400

to call to account1434

to put downc1440

snebc1440

uptakec1440

correptc1449

reformc1450

reprise?c1450

to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450

control1451

redarguec1475

berisp1481

to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522

checkc1530

admonish1541

nip1548

twig?1550

impreve1552

lesson1555

to take down1562

to haul (a person) over the coals1565

increpate1570

touch1570

school1573

to gather up1577

task1580

redarguate?1590

expostulate1592

tutor1599

sauce1601

snip1601

sneap1611

to take in tax1635

to sharp up1647

round1653

threapen1671

reprimand1681

to take to task1682

document1690

chapter1693

repulse1746

twink1747

to speak to ——1753

haul1795

to pull up1799

carpet1840

rig1841

to talk to1860

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

rawhide1895

to tell off1897

to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900

to get on ——1904

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

strafe1915

tick1915

woodshed1935

to slap (a person) down1938

sort1941

bind1942

bottle1946

mat1948

ream1950

zap1961

elder1967

c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 30 Þe toþer es tribulacyon, to putt hym down with many scharpnes.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 140 Lord, Lord, how the Ladies and I haue put him downe.

1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood Satyre iv. sig. E I scorne..To let a Bow-bell Cockney put me downe.

1683 J. Oldham Poems & Transl. 186 Ready of Wit, harden'd of Impudence, Able with ease to put down either H—.

1794 R. Cumberland Box-lobby Challenge iii. 26 By my soul, this fellow's impudence puts me down.

1831 T. B. Macaulay Boswell's Life Johnson in Ess. (1887) 181 With what stately contempt she put down his impertinence.

1888 W. J. Knox-Little Child of Stafferton xiv The peremptoriness with which Lady Dorothy put him down.

1923 G. M. Trevelyan Manin & Venetian Revol. vi. 112 The principal speaker was Avesani, an eloquent and able lawyer who at once put Palffy down when he tried to speak in a tone of authority.

1969 Down Beat 20 Mar. 31/3 It became fashionable to put him down as too much of a showman and not enough of a jazzman.

1988 J. Bradshaw Healing Shame that Binds You ii. viii. 159 She was contemptuous of her body and put herself down with comparisons and self-labeling.

2004 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 20 Nov. c1/5 Two girls gossip and put down another girl who isn't with them.

†c. To lower in general estimation; to excel or surpass by comparison. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame

shamec1400

to put down1494

extinguish1551

stain1557

overshadow1581

cloud1582

defacea1592

shend1596

to lay up1601

to shine down1623

dazzle1643

umbrage1647

foila1687

efface1717

eclipse1718

shade?1748

put into the shade1796

to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819

to put to shame1854

to leave (a person) standing1864

to lay over1869

blanket1884

upstage1921

1494 Loutfut MS f. 8^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Put And thairby is the noble office dymynit and put doune & gentilnes..litill prisit.

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. E2 Readie to..dye for greefe if hee bee put downe in Brauery neuer so little.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. iii. 572 Lucullus wardrope is put downe by our ordinary cittizens.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress Author's Apol. sig. A5 Holy Writ, Which for its Stile, and Phrase puts down all Wit.

1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 209 Her Rooms, anew at ev'ry Christ'ning drest, Put down the Court, and vex the City-Guest.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. x. 56 Your brother is indeed enough to put all other men down.

4. transitive. To kill, put to death. Now chiefly (euphemistic): to kill (an old, sick, or injured animal) in a humane manner. Cf. to put to sleep at sleep n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 581 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 19 Þai may þe slepand tak And þan but mercy put þe dovne.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 10^v Lufe..slais the saull, and puttis the bodie down.

1589 Reg. St. John's Church Newcastle May in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 674 Alice Stokoe..did put downe herselfe [i.e. hanged herself] in her maister's house in her own belt.

1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) II. 55 We were fifteen well-made men,..And we were a' put down but ane, For a fair young wanton ladie.

1810 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (new ed.) II. 94 Little wist Marie Hamilton..That she was ga'en to Edinburgh town, And a' to be put down.

1827 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 21 446 Word came that Eppy Telefer had ‘put down’ herself over night, and was found hanging dead in her own little cottage at day~break.

1899 H. D. Rawnsley Life & Nat. Eng. Lakes 173 A dog that shows signs of worrying [sheep] is ‘put down’ at once.

a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) iv. v. 253 Best have him [sc. a dog] put down, mercifully.

1975 H. Ellison Gentleman Junkie 235 Any kid would say he was going to put his old man down, like that,..was something pretty odd.

2004 Horse & Hound 8 Jan. 7/5 A horse showing symptoms of paralytic herpes virus..has been put down in Kent.

5. transitive.

a. To set down in writing, write down; to enter or record in a written document; to enter (one's or another's name) as a member, subscriber, etc., or as having opted or been selected for something.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing

adighteOE

to set on writea900

dightc1000

writeOE

brevea1225

layc1330

indite1340

take1418

annote1449

printa1450

scribe1465

redact?a1475

reduce1485

letter1504

recite1523

to commit to writing (also paper)1529

pen1530

reduce?1533

token up1535

scripture1540

titulea1550

to set down1562

quote1573

to put down1574

paper1594

to write down1594

apprehend1611

fix1630

exarate1656

depose1668

put1910

society > communication > record > written record > record in writing [verb (transitive)] > enter on record

writeOE

setc1175

embreve?c1225

enrolc1350

enter1389

rollc1400

enact1467

act1475

enchroniclea1513

ascribe1532

re-enter1535

to put down1574

register1597

inscroll1600

emologea1639

spread1823

to book in1860

to sign on1879

log1889

sign1894

to sign out1916

to sign in1924

1574 T. Tymme tr. J. de Serres Three Partes Comm. Ciuill Warres Fraunce iii. 98 The Prince of Conde also declared his reasons more particularlye, and put downe this in writing as the summe of all his petitions.

1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. xv. 404 S. Augustine telleth them that as the Apostle hath put it [sc. the Greek word] downe with al the circumstances, there is no ambiguitie at al that might deceiue any man.

a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 420 A note by some Reader put downe in the margine..for some memoriall and observation.

1678 in Shropshire Parish Documents (1903) 124 Ffor a Book to put down the Burials in Woollen.

1707 tr. M. Alemán Life Guzman d'Alfarache II. xxiii. 307 I paid him, and he immediately put my name down in the Roll of the Brethren.

1766 P. Playstowe Gentleman's Guide in Tour Through France 27 The curiousities are as follow, which I shall put down in French, as they will by that means be easiest found out.

1824 Examiner 397/2 Mr. Bolton put down his name for 200l.

1879 M. Pattison Milton iv. 47 Milton consented to put down his thoughts on paper.

1918 Stars & Stripes 1 Mar. 5/4 That..will probably result in his putting you down for service on the next raid.

1940 Hansard Lords 6 Aug. 148 The object was to enable noble Lords to put down questions which they would wish to see mentioned in the House.

1985 Financial Times 22 Aug. i. 13/1 If you can raise a laugh in Scarborough,..you can put your name down for a council house in the Falklands.

2001 Sci. Fiction Chron. July 14/3 Regardless of how many people put down Jedi as their religion..it is not up to us to recognize or not recognize religions.

b. figurative. To attribute, charge, or credit (a circumstance, event, etc.) to (originally to the account of).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)]

titleOE

aretc1340

witena1375

witnea1375

reta1382

depute1382

wite1382

seta1387

layc1425

expoundc1430

imputec1480

attribue1481

assign1489

reckon1526

attribute1530

count1535

allot?1556

draw1578

object1613

prefer1628

entitle1629

implya1641

to score (something) on1645

intitule1651

put1722

to put down1723

charge1737

own1740

place1802

to set down1822

affiliate1823

1723 J. Reynolds Inq. State & Œcon. Angelical Worlds xxiii. 112 His Death was not Legally Due for and from himself, but might be put down to the Account of others.

1740 tr. A. Banier Mythol. & Fables Ancients IV. iii. vi. 113 All these great Events, were put down to his [sc. Hercules'] Account.

1833 W. G. Simms Bk. my Lady 121 [They] put it down to a spiritual influence.

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 572 Much of this precipitousness in judging must in candour be put down to Niebuhr's youth.

1892 E. Lytton Let. 18 Nov. in E. Lutyens Blessed Girl (1953) ix. 179 When he comes down cured..Sir Augustus puts it down to Eno's Fruit Salts.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxxiv. 276 And it was all put down to poor Henry's account!

1934 A. L. Rowse Diary 5 Mar. (2003) 81 All that weekend I was in a dazed condition, not knowing what to do with myself:..I put it down to being fagged.

2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 54 Some get on a sight better than others. What do you put that down to—luck?

c. To judge or presume (a person or thing) to be; to reckon or estimate as or at; to take for.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as

telleOE

talec897

seeOE

letc1000

holdc1200

reckon1340

aima1382

accounta1387

counta1387

judgec1390

takea1400

countc1400

receivec1400

existimatec1430

to look on ——?c1430

makec1440

reputea1449

suppose1474

treatc1485

determinea1513

recount?c1525

esteem1526

believe1533

estimate?1533

ascribe1535

consider1539

regard1547

count1553

to look upon ——1553

take1561

reck1567

eye?1593

censure1597

subscribe1600

perhibit1613

behold1642

resent1642

attributea1657

fancy1662

vogue1675

decount1762

to put down1788

to set down1798

rate1854

have1867

mean1878

1788 Olla Podrida 42 He immediately put me down, as he said, for a dry fellow.

1839 R. Dawes Nix's Mate I. ix. 224 I suppose we may put her down at half that age, hey?

1890 Chambers's Jrnl. 7 June 358/1 I should..have put him down as a Yankee but for his accent.

1932 H. V. Morton In Search of Wales v. 83 A man..asks me for a match to light his pipe. We fall into conversation. I put him down as a miner; and I am right.

1959 J. Cary Captive & Free 211 The public is used to grievance-mongers and despises 'em—they'll put him down for a crack-pot.

1965 Listener 21 Oct. 640/2 A fellow thirteen-year-old confessed..to an adoration of Katherine Mansfield—and I..at once put him down as affected.

2005 C. Cleave Incendiary 145 I hadn't put her down for the sort of girl who has feelings.

6. transitive. To deposit or guarantee (a gambling stake); to pay (a deposit).

ΚΠ

a1708 T. Ward England's Reformation (1715) I. i. 68 The Stake put down, each Courtier Plays.

1726 Whole Art & Myst. of Mod. Gaming 81 A certain Gentleman and fair Lady..have been observed to put down their Money upon a certain Favourite Number.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iv. iv. 341 When I was a boy the te-totum had only four sides, each of them marked with a letter; a T for take all..and a P for put down, that is, a stake equal to that you put down at first.

1863 Times 23 Mar. 10/3 The cards having come to Garcia he put down a stake of 2,000f.

1959 ‘A. Gilbert’ Death takes Wife xv. 198 Put down money for a joint you didn't frisk in advance.

1991 Investors Chron. 16 Aug. 27/2 Holding currency positions in the forward or futures markets by putting down a deposit, or a percentage of the full value of the contract.

7. transitive. Cricket. (a) (Of a fielder or wicketkeeper) to hit or break (a wicket), dislodging a bail; (b) (of a batter) to stop or strike (a difficult delivery) without attempting to score; (c) (of a bowler) to deliver (a ball); (d) (of a fielder) to drop (a catch); to drop a catch from (a batter).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > dismissal of batsman > put out [verb (transitive)] > knock down wicket

to put down1727

rip1831

to throw down1833

take1836

rattle1840

spreadeagle1868

to break the wicket1875

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > hit > hit with specific stroke

take1578

stop1744

nip1752

block1772

drive1773

cut1816

draw1816

tip1816

poke1836

spoon1836

mow1844

to put up1845

smother1845

sky1849

crump1850

to pick up1851

pull1851

skyrocket1851

swipe1851

to put down1860

to get away1868

smite1868

snick1871

lift1874

crack1882

smack1882

off-drive1888

snip1890

leg1892

push1893

hook1896

flick1897

on-drive1897

chop1898

glance1898

straight drive1898

cart1903

edge1904

tonk1910

sweep1920

mishook1934

middle1954

square-drive1954

tickle1963

square-cut1976

slash1977

splice1982

paddle1986

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > field [verb (transitive)] > drop (a catch)

to put down1893

grass1956

spill1975

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > bowl [verb (transitive)]

bowl1739

pitch1772

trundle1849

to send down1871

to put down1924

1727 Articles of Agreem. for Two Cricket Matches (West Sussex Rec. Office: Goodwood 1884) No Player shall be deemed out by any Wicket put down unless with the Ball in Hand.

1775 New Articles Game of Cricket 4 If the Players have crossed each other, he that runs for the Wicket that is put down, is out.

1816 W. Lambert Instr. & Rules Cricket 38 If the Striker should move off his ground, with an intention to run, the Wicket-keeper will then do his best, and endeavour to put down the wicket, which is called stumping out.

1860 Baily's Monthly Mag. Oct. 41 With rare patience did he stop at home and skilfully put down the slows, rarely even attempting to hit them.

1893 R. Daft Kings of Cricket xv. 260 I have often seen little men put down with ease a bumping ball which many taller men would let hit their fingers.

1906 A. E. Knight Compl. Cricketer iv. 150 When bowlers or wicket-keepers neglect this precaution [of keeping behind the wicket], it may happen that the throw forces them back upon the wicket which they are unable to legitimately put down.

1924 A. C. Maclaren Cricket Old & New xiv. 140 On sticky wickets I should doubt if he ever put down a bad ball.

1955 I. Peebles Ashes vii. 67 He had another bit of luck when Hole put him down at first slip.

1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. x. 191 From the first ball, to Graeme Wood, Mike Gatting put down a chance at slip.

†a. transitive. To cease to keep up (something expensive, as a private carriage); to abandon for reasons of economy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > something expensive

to put down1733

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > cease to use

leaveeOE

to lay downa1450

abuse1471

disuse1487

to leave off1570

sink1705

to put down1733

to hang up (one's sword, gun, etc.)1826

1733 Dialogue between Mr. D’Anvers & Mr. Cut 4 I must needs be undone, Or 'bate of my former Expences; Put down Coach and Six..Or turn off, at least, half my Wenches.

1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal I. xi. 86 My wife's chariot shall not be put down, nor will I deny myself a bottle of claret.

1842 D. Boucicault Irish Heiress i. 7 If Supple will only keep it quiet, I might retrench. Aye,—but where? Could I put down my cab.

1860 Punch 24 Nov. 201/2 Papa should in all conscience have put down his expensive military establishment before he proceeded to ask for pecuniary assistance at the hands of his children.

1895 Times 20 June 10/5 In hard times one man put down his carriage, another his litigation.

1904 Gentleman's Mag. July 24 De Guiscard was obliged to put down his coach, dismiss most of his servants, and finally pawn his plate.

b. transitive. U.S. colloquial. Chiefly in African-American use: to abandon, reject, spurn; to quit, give up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]

to let awaya1000

forcast?c1225

to lay downc1275

forthrow1340

flita1375

removea1382

to cast away1382

understrewc1384

castc1390

to lay awaya1400

to lay asidec1440

slingc1440

warpiss1444

to lay from, offc1480

way-put1496

depose1526

to lay apart1526

to put off1526

to set apart1530

to turn up1541

abandonate?1561

devest1566

dispatch1569

decarta1572

discard1578

to make away1580

to fling away1587

to cast off1597

doff1599

cashier1603

to set by1603

moult1604

excuss1607

retorta1616

divest1639

deposit1646

disentail1667

dismiss1675

slough1845

shed1856

jettison1869

shake1872

offload1900

junk1911

dump1919

sluff1934

bin1940

to put down1944

shitcan1973

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject

awarpc1000

forwerpeOE

warpc1000

nillOE

warnc1300

reprovec1350

to put abacka1382

to throw awaya1382

repugnc1384

to put awaya1387

waivec1386

forshoota1400

disavowc1400

defyc1405

disprovec1430

repelc1443

flemea1450

to put backa1500

reject?1504

refutea1513

repulse1533

refel1548

repudiate1548

disallowa1555

project?1567

expel1575

discard1578

overrule1578

forsay1579

check1601

decard1605

dismiss1608

reprobate1609

devow1610

retorta1616

disclaimc1626

noforsootha1644

respuate1657

reluctate1668

negative1778

no-ball1862

basket1867

to set one's foot down1873

not to have any (of it, that, this)1895

to put down1944

eighty-six1959

neg1987

1944 C. B. Himes in Negro Story Dec. 18/1 I done put you down first. Me and George Brown is getting married.

1953 D. Wallop Night Light xii. 135 You really ought to put school down and play full-time.

1964 Amer. Folk Music Occas. No. 1. 62 My mother was the mother of all those kids and my father look like he wanted to put her down, leave her.

1973 M. H. Mathers Riding Rails 120 It was his last ride [as a hobo]; he was putting her down.

9. transitive. To sink or dig (a shaft, well, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > excavate or sink a shaft or tunnel

drive1665

hole1708

to put down1778

shank1821

drift1849

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis ii. iii. 107 The adit in this place, seems to give the Miners some direction, how and where to put down their shaft.

1854 Illustr. Sydney News 5 Aug. 186/1 Hundreds of shicers (a name given to unproductive shafts) have been put down.

1875 R. F. Martin tr. J. Havrez On Recent Improvem. Winding Machinery 1 We found that we ought to put down an entirely fresh drawing pit.

1906 Indian Laws & Treaties III. 239 The sum of five thousand dollars..[is] appropriated..to enable the Secretary of the Interior to put down an artesian well.

1955 Winnipeg Free Press 1 Aug. 3/6 We intend to go right ahead and put down a shaft on the Irgon mining claim at Cat Lake.

2006 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 23 Sept. 20 JCI put down an exploration shaft in 1980 from which it reported average grades of 3.6 per cent copper.

10. transitive. To preserve and store (food); = to put up 1a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly North American.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)]

souse1387

conditec1420

comfit1484

pickle1526

confect1558

preserve1563

marl1598

murine1656

marble1661

mango1728

caveach1739

to put down1782

process1878

1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 248 Nevertheless the more judiciously it [sc. butter] is put down, the longer it will retain its sweetness.

1833 W. Cobbett Cottage Econ. vi. §152 The lard, nicely put down, will last a long while for all the purposes for which it is wanted.

1881 S. O. Jewett Country By-Ways 40 He's put down a kag of excellent beef.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 14 May 2/1 I have just bought eleven score of new-laid eggs..and put them down in water-glass to use all through the time when eggs are dear.

1959 Home Encycl. 22 While runner beans are plentiful, it is an excellent plan to put some down in salt for winter use.

1974 A. Munro Something I've been meaning to tell You 46 ‘I haven't got the right kind of stomach to trust what comes out of those tins, I can only eat home canning.’ I could have slapped her. I bet she never put down fruit in her life.

1983 Manch. Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 20 Nov. 23 No one ‘puts down’ eggs now—their cost is much the same year-long—nor does anyone salt butter.

2001 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 28 Nov. e1 For the most part, the preserving process is very easy, even for those who never saw their mothers put down fruits and vegetables in the fall.

11. transitive. To eat or drink, esp. in large quantities; to consume. Cf. to put away 3b at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)]

brookc950

abiteOE

haveOE

afangOE

takec1175

notea1200

usec1300

spendc1380

consumec1400

partake1602

pree1680

discuss1751

tuck1784

to put down1795

to be (also go) at the ——1796

go1830

kill1833

to put away1839

down1852

to put over1880

to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880

shift1896

1795 ‘P. Pindar’ Pindariana 66 Chloe..Could put down nought at last, but nice tid-bits.

1846 Spirit of Times 18 Apr. 92/2 He put down two gallons more to get up the drunk—drinked it right down without winkin'.

1875 J. G. Holland Sevenoaks xxii. 307 It beats all nater..how much boys can put down when they try.

1935 G. Greene Eng. made Me (1992) i. 25 ‘You do put it down, Kate,’ Anthony said... He didn't believe in girls drinking.

1980 S. Trott When your Lover Leaves (1981) 63 I watched Ishmael put down enough ham and eggs and potatoes for three men.

2003 Nation's Restaurant News 17 Feb. 14/2 A whitehaired gentleman who looks as if he might have put down a Butter Burger or two in his day.

12. transitive. To put (a child) to bed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > put in bed or provide a bed for [verb (transitive)]

bedc1175

to bring to bed, abedc1320

tuck1692

to put down1849

1849 E. C. Gaskell Hand & Heart i She'll tire you..you'd better let me put her down in her cot.

1871 G. MacDonald At Back of North Wind xxv. 231 There's baby fast asleep!... Shall I put him down, mother?

1944 F. Powdermaker & L. I. Grimes Intelligent Parents' Man. iii. 33 The mother should reduce the number of hours she puts her baby down to sleep.

1978 P. Niesewand Underground Connection 152 ‘Is the baby asleep?’ ‘I think so. She went off very quickly when I put her down.’

1991 A. McCarten Modest Apocalypse & Other Stories 140 He'd fed the child semolina and put her down for the night.

13. transitive.

a. To plant or propagate (a crop, etc.).

ΚΠ

1865 Cornhill Mag. May 587 To put down some bedding-out plants.

1911 E. Glanville in S. Playne Cape Colony 661 He was also manuring his ground with kraal manure and it was possible for him to put down 1,000 acres of lucerne.

1978 B. Friel Living Quarters ii. 65 You should put down spuds in this garden next year.

2006 Delta Farm Press (Nexis) 10 Nov. 1 We all thought it was a good idea to put down a cover crop to hold off erosion.

b. British. Shooting. To release (game birds reared in captivity) into an area for the shooting season.

ΚΠ

1884 W. Carnegie Pract. Game Preserving x. 83 The best spot to put down partridges in spring is in a dry rough pasture.

1976 Shooting Times & Country Mag. 18 Nov. 28/2 Only a handful of redlegs are put down here, the majority of birds being wild grey partridges which flew well.

1990 Guardian (Nexis) 3 Feb. As many as 20 million pheasants may be ‘put down’..every year in order to satisfy the demand for shooty bangs up and down the country.

2006 Field July 6/2 We put down about 21,000 birds a year, there are 35 days with 17 drives and they are fully booked every season.

14. transitive.

a. Angling. To cause (a fish) to swim deep in the water.

ΚΠ

1891 Longman's Mag. Feb. 389 The descent of the mist..‘puts down’ the trout and prevents them from feeding.

1958 Times 19 Nov. 12/6 A heron had alighted on the far bank and I told myself that it was putting the fish down.

1991 Fly Rod & Reel July 72/2 Add in the frustration of putting fish down or simply being unable to raise fish.

†b. Shooting. To cause (a hunting dog) to lie down to await the command to retrieve game. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1892 Field 7 May 695/3 Doon, who was put down by hand, moved a little as the gun was fired.

15. transitive. To replace (a telephone receiver), thereby ending a call. to put the phone down: to hang up (on a person).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > communicate with by telephone [verb (transitive)] > replace receiver

to put down1904

cradle1956

1904 Perry (Iowa) Daily Chief 30 July He put down the receiver with a sigh of thankfulness and proceeded to figure out how much he was in the telephone company's debt.

1941 Q. Reynolds Wounded don't Cry xx. 244 ‘Yes, I've got it. Yes, East End Avenue. Right away.’ She put down the phone.

1970 ‘M. Carroll’ Bait v. 67 He put the phone down on me before I could say a word.

1979 K. M. Peyton Marion's Angels v. 77 Geoff put down the receiver and explained gloomily to Marion what was expected of them.

2000 H. Fielding in N. Hornby Speaking with Angel 139 She put the phone down on me for the first time ever in our lives and then I went for a bourbon.

16.

a. intransitive. Of an aircraft or spacecraft, or its pilot: to land.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land

land1784

alight1786

to sit down1926

to put down1933

to touch down1933

to hit the deck1943

1933 C. K. Stewart Speech Amer. Airman (M.A. thesis, Univ. of Akron) 85 Put down, to, to land.

1946 Sun (Baltimore) 21 Dec. 17/1 The badly damaged C-47 landed at Phillips Field, while the Eastern Airliner put down at Washington.

1976 New Scientist 24 June 683/1 If there are no hitches the Viking lander should put down early on 5 July.

2000 N. DeMille Lion's Game xiii. 110 They could jettison their bombs in the drink and put down at some airport in France or Spain.

b. transitive. To land (an aircraft or spacecraft).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > land

land1916

to touch down1935

to put down1939

1939 War Pictorial 6 Oct. 7/3 Orders are to ‘put down’ the machine on the two-acre landing-deck of a naval aircraft-carrier.

1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose i. 14 They put her [sc. a freighter] down at Launceston and taxied in.

1962 K. W. Gatland Astronautics in Sixties xi. 338 A Surveyor-type probe would be put down close to the desired landing point.

1985 M. Parfit South Light (1988) i. 8 A safe place to put down a large airplane in the extremity known as a whiteout.

17. transitive.

a. U.S. colloquial. Chiefly in African-American use: to perform; to do; to say.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (intransitive)]

dightc1275

dispensec1374

performa1382

to go througha1460

voyagec1500

to do one's do1650

to put down1943

1943 Yank 13 Jan. 20/3 ‘Those studs put down some fine actions,’ the cats would say.

1944 D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive 145 Put down, say, perform, describe, do.

1951 W. S. Burroughs Let. 5 May (1993) 86 I have seen a lot of people putting down a ‘I'm woman-oriented now’ routine when they aren't with it at all.

1973 D. Ellington Music is my Mistress 130 Almost everybody seems to dig what they're talking about, or putting down.

2003 V. O. Carter Such Sweet Thunder 140 He was more of a actor, Babe. He put down some deep stuff. I will never forgit 'im in The Count of Monte Cristo.

b. Music (originally Jazz). To play or perform (music).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > specific style or technique > in jazz

sock1927

groove1935

swing1936

to put down1952

1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. vi. 67 He put down a good walking beat.

1953 Down Beat 11 Feb. 16/3 Those old masters have really put something down, and it'll be a long, long time before those basic sounds change.

1968 Down Beat 7 Mar. 19/3 But the tenor saxophonists..reasoned that Coleman had been away from the source too long to know the hot licks that Harlem was putting down now.

1996 Source Aug. 12/2 Presiding over the bedlam is the ever sweat-coated Funkmaster Flex, puttin' it down on the turntables.

c. Originally North American. To make a recording of (a song or piece of music).

ΚΠ

1962 G. Gould Let. 26 June in Sel. Lett. (1992) 63 Getting back to solo piano endeavours, I think it is time to put down..another collection of Mozart sonatas.

1977 Zigzag June 19/2 [The band] Television put down ten tracks in four nights with Eno.

1992 Down Beat Dec. 17/2 In 1987, Marsalis went into the recording studio to put down the music that would be released as Majesty Of The Blues.

2002 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 8 Nov. 3 To record in a way that we feel works best for us..was a case of putting down as much as we can live because..we sound better live.

to put forth

a. transitive. To show forth, display, present; = to put forward 4 at Phrasal verbs 1; (in later use only) to present or offer (oneself or another) as.In quot. 1482: †to expose to (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)]

to set beforea1000

openOE

showlOE

to put forth?c1225

kithe1297

to make (a) showing ofc1330

presenta1398

representa1398

to lay forthc1420

splayc1440

discovera1450

advisea1500

to set to (the) show?1510

to stall out1547

outlay1555

exhibit1573

strew1579

wray1587

displaya1616

ostentate1630

elevate1637

re-exhibita1648

expound1651

unveil1657

subject1720

flare1862

skin1873

patent1889

showcase1939

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > expose to public view [verb (transitive)]

to put forth?c1225

to hit out1579

to set a-sunshining1601

to put forward1611

to hold out1613

expose1623

theatrizea1679

produce1686

parade1765

to bring forward1783

the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (reflexive)]

profferc1300

to put fortha1393

proponea1500

offer1739

to put forward1849

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > make subject to an action or influence

obtain1425

subjecta1450

to put forth1482

to set out1579

expose1594

to lay (also leave) open1595

render1642

to get (also put, have, etc.) on the run1909

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 244 On þis ilke wise edmodnesse eadiliche bigileð ure lauerd &..schaweð forð hire pouerte. Put [c1230 Corpus Cambr. put, a1250 Titus putes] forð hire cancre, wepinde & graninde bi for godes echnen.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 (MED) Story weldeþ passyng doynges; storie putteþ forþ [L. prærogat; perh. read prorogat] hire professoures.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2288 Bot yit to putte him~selve forth, He moste don his besinesse.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 40 (MED) Tho put hym forth a piloure bifor pilat.

1482 Monk of Evesham 36 There we sawe..men and wemen..put forth to the gretnes of dyuers and inenarrabulle peynes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 672/2 Let hym alone, he can put forthe hym selfe as well as any man in this courte.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 171 Though I uncircumscrib'd my self retire, And put not forth my goodness.

1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom I. xxiii. 152 Our adventurer,..without putting forth a moiety of his terror, went home with twenty louis' clear gain.

1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. vii. 99 The..rifle..wants a strong arm, a quick eye, and great judgment in charging, to put forth all its beauties.

1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 548 Panaceas..put forth as checkers or curers of the disease.

1859 Times 22 Apr. 10/6 He put himself forth as the candidate of the Radical Reformers.

1900 Manitoba Morning Free Press 22 Dec. 4/2 He has always put himself forth as the fearless, unflinching champion of that principle.

1910 G. Meredith Ess. on Comedy 36 Rousseau..discusses the character of Alceste, as though Molière had put him forth for an absolute example of misanthropy.

1968 Independent (Pasadena, Calif.) 2 June c5/2 You..are careful not to put yourself forth as a powerhouse of intellect.

1991 C Users Jrnl. Nov. 6 The trouble is, unicode is being put forth as a multibyte code.

b. transitive. To stretch forth, stretch out, extend (a part of the body, esp. a hand); to hold out (a thing held in the hand). Cf. to put out 5a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully

to put forthc1300

thrustc1374

to put outa1382

proferc1400

outstretcha1425

to hold out1535

outhold1550

push1581

intend1601

stick1607

protrude1638

poke1700

blurt1818

c1300 St. John Baptist (Laud) l. 121, in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 33 Toward þe steorre he drovȝ, And putte forth is hond and wolde hire take.

c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 312 Vrban..dar nat ones putte forth his heed; Men sholde hym brennen in a fyr so reed If he were founde.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 433 (MED) Y putte forþ [L. offero] myn heed to be i-smyte of, ȝif þe enemy axith by lawe of bataile.

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vi. 25 ‘Petir,’ quaþ a plouȝman and putte forþ his hed.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 438 (MED) He profurd þe ryng vnto þe ymage fynger, and þe ymage put furth hur fynger streght.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xiv. 27 He put forth his staff that he had in his hande.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 792 Many..doe put forth their handes to be..striken with the ferula.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 345 First putting forth his hand.

1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. vi. vii. 415 Very small worms breed without the body..and stick in the skin, and will not come quite forth; but after you rub the child in a Bath they will put forth their heads like black hairs.

1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) iii. 22 The hoary Majesty of Spades appears; Puts forth one manly Leg.

1762 T. Jefferson Let. 25 Dec. in Papers (1950) I. 4 Satan has not as yet put forth his hand to load me with bodily afflictions.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxi. 272 ‘You are very unwell,’ the visitor said, putting forth her hand to take Amelia's.

1912 H. Belloc Four Men 27 ‘It is to sharpen this pencil with,’ said the stranger, putting forth a stub of an H.B. much shorter than his thumb.

1959 M. Spark Memento Mori viii. 112 As she put forth her hand another, paler, spider-legged and fluffy creature on the pillow where the bed-lamp cast a shade caught her sight.

1994 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 24 Jan. (Sports section) 1 Smith..put forth the hand connected to his damaged right shoulder.

2. transitive.

a. To set forth in words; to state, assert; to propound (a theory, etc.); to ask (a question). Formerly also: †to utter, speak; (reflexive) to express oneself in speech (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)]

speakc900

sayOE

tell?a1160

to put forth?c1225

posea1325

allegec1330

declarec1330

exponec1380

to bring fortha1382

expounda1382

terminec1384

allaya1387

express1386

proport1387

purport1389

cough1393

generalize?a1425

deliverc1454

expremec1470

to show forth1498

promisea1500

term1546

to set forward1560

attribute1563

to throw out1573

quote1575

dictate1599

rendera1616

preport1616

enunciate1623

remonstrate1625

state1642

pronunciate1652

annunciate1763

present1779

enounce1805

report1842

constate1865

lodge1885

outen1951

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 200 Ach þis he put forð bifor þe heorte echnen.

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 73 Afor ne honde þai shullen prechen priuelich, & þan hij shullen putten hem forþ [Fr. se mettront] apertelich aȝeins holy chirche.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xiii. 24 Another parable Jhesus putte forth [L. proposuit] to hem.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 18^v He puttiþ forþ accusasiouns & blames.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 230 The kynges nedes were put forth and promoted as touchyng the kyngdom of Fraunce.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job x. 1 Now will I put forth my wordes.

1564 tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Fruitfull & Learned Comm. 218 b Graue men wer wont to put forth ridles or problemes, omitting dangerous talke.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. viii. 144 I have seene the man..that in most peaceable conversations, will put forth nothing, nor admit of nothing that is not a Dialemma, or a Syllogisme.

1654 E. Burrough & F. Howgil (title) Answers to severall queries put forth to the despised people called Quakers.

1715 W. Whiston Astron. Lect. xxviii. 322 Comes Paganus..laid hold in good Earnest on this Hypothesis as genuine and true; and put forth a Theory of the Planets grounded upon it.

1742 M. Jones Let. 25 Apr. in Misc. in Prose & Verse (1750) 214 Leave me a little of the Polish of the Age; and don't confine me always to the Province of puting forth unwelcome Truths.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 336 Such were the opinions put forth by Sir Thomas Browne.

1884 Brit. Q. Rev. Apr. 352 The Theory put forth by our brethren in the United States.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 16 Sept. 17/2 Much of the seriously intended eugenics put forth by the faddists..is quite as silly as the rules for choosing a husband, based on table manners.

1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) vii. 54 In 1796 Laplace published a remarkable work on astronomy, and in it..he put forth his now well-known hypothesis regarding the origin of the solar system.

1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 30 May 15/1 She thinks that she might have vaguely put forth the idea at dinner one night.

b. To display, exhibit; to set out for sale or consideration. Also figurative.Not common in recent use in British English.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale

cheapa1225

to set out13..

to put forthc1350

utter?c1400

market1455

offer1472

lovea1500

pitch1530

to set on (or a) sale1546

exposea1610

to bring to market1639

huckster1642

shop1688

deal1760

to put on the market1897

merchandise1926

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xviii.2 (MED) Þe daye putteþ forþe þe worde to þe day, and þe nyȝt sheweþ conyng to þe nyȝt.

a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxvii. 17 Thei..puttiden forth [L. proposuerunt] in thi fayris bawm and hony and oyle.

1590 J. White Fifth Voy. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 294 The Admirall put forth a flag of counsel.

1591 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Huntington) 129 Laye forth, eych man ilych, what hee hath lafte of his liverye; And I wyll first put forth my pyche with my parte firste.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 641 His Regal State Put forth at full, but still his strength conceal'd.

1750 Minutes Proc. Trial Rear-Admiral Knowles 18 The Warwick shortning sail upon the Genoeze Flag being put forth, encreased the Distance between the Cornwall and Warwick.

1770 L. Nihell Rational Self-love vi. 49 These Writers..have been often accused of Disgracing and Calumniating human Nature, by..putting forth every hideous Feature of the Soul.

1858 Times 1 Jan. 9/4 The rich and drawing-room-like decorations of this magnificent church put forth all their splendours for the occasion.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 45 Light by light puts forth Geneva.

1901 E. Arnold Voy. Ithobal 32 Haran and Canneh there Put forth their stores of blue and 'broidered work.

1945 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 19 Apr. 13/4 Preparing the printed matter putting forth the advantages of the locality for summer visitors.

1999 Southland (N.Z.) Times (Nexis) 27 Nov. 6 Voters can sit by and watch the politicians put forth their wares in the hope of getting another term.

c. To publish, issue; to put into circulation. Cf. to put out 4b at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)]

to put forth1482

to put out1529

to set forth1535

promulge1539

to set abroada1555

present1559

to set out1559

utter1561

divulge1566

publish1573

print?1594

emit1650

edition1715

edit1727

to give to the world1757

to get out1786

to send forth1849

to bring out1878

run1879

release1896

pub1932

1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion iv. xviii. f. ccv One Ambrose that put forth his bookes that be had wreton priueli.

1532 (title) A lytell booke of good maners for chyldren nowe lately compyled and put forth by Erasmus Roterodam.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Aii If he be mynded to publyshe and putforth his owne labours.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 71 A certaine dangerous seditious Pamphlet was of late put forth into print.

1669 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 313 Puttinge forth halfe-penys without the townes lycense.

1716 F. Hutchinson Compassionate Addr. to Papists 112 Mr. Cotton Mather, in New-England, hath put forth several Books of such Relations.

1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. 181 The book of sports was put forth by the pious, the religious, the sober Charles the 1st.

1826 Examiner 11/2 ‘John’..is about to put forth a new daily Morning Paper.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 455 Jeffreys..advised James to put forth an edict declaring it to be his majesty's will and pleasure that the customs should continue to be paid.

1876 F. G. Fleay Shakespeare Man. ii. ix. 242 I put forth in the year 1874 a chronological table of Shakespeare's plays.

1911 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 49 298 Several important works on Scandinavian roses have been put forth by the distinguished Swedish rhodologist, Dr. S. Almquist.

1952 Dock Leaves Spring 4 It is..to be hoped that someone will persuade a publishing house to put forth a badly-needed anthology of Anglo-Welsh poetry.

1992 New Age Jrnl. Feb. 43/1 His work..has made him history's single most prolific translator of primary East Asian sacred texts. To date Cleary has put forth more than thirty volumes of transcultural contraband.

1993 R. L. Zimdahl Fund. Weed Sci. xviii. 362 Many nations follow the standards put forth by the UN/FAO CODEX Committee on Pesticide Residues.

3. transitive. To put in operation, to bring into play; to employ or exercise (one's strength, or a quality or ability) to achieve a goal; (also) to lift up (one's voice). †to put it forth: to exert oneself, try hard (also reflexive in same sense) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] > put in effective operation

yieldc1315

underbear1382

to put forthc1390

showa1398

apply?c1400

to put outc1400

exercisec1405

to put toc1410

employ?1473

enforce1490

exerce1535

adhibit?1538

addict1562

endeavour?1575

work1591

address1598

to give stream to?1611

to lay out1651

exsert1665

exert1682

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)]

tillc897

stightlea1375

stretcha1375

wrestlea1382

to put it forthc1390

to put one's hand(s) to (also unto)a1398

paina1400

takea1400

to do one's busy pain (also care, cure, diligence)?a1430

to make great force?c1450

makec1485

to stir one's stumpsa1500

to bestir one's stumps1549

to make work1574

put1596

bestira1616

operate1650

to lay out1659

to be at pains1709

exerta1749

tew1787

maul1821

to take (the) trouble1830

to pull outc1835

bother1840

trouble1880

to buck up1890

hump1897

to go somea1911

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)]

afforcec1300

enforcec1386

virtuea1393

endeavourc1400

naitc1400

envirtue1477

exploit1490

to put it forthc1500

constrainc1510

efforce1512

lay1535

evirtuate1642

to exert oneself1736

hump1835

spread1843

to put about1983

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter

leadOE

givec1175

tell?c1225

talkc1275

to set upa1325

to put outc1350

soundc1374

to give upc1386

pronouncea1393

cough1393

moutha1400

profera1400

forth withc1400

utterc1400

to put forth1535

display1580

vent1602

accent1603

respeak1604

vocalize1669

fetch1707

go1836

outen1951

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. 42 (MED) Þei..Bringeþ forþ Ballede Resouns..And puyteþ forþ presumpciun to preue þe soþe.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxxiii If þe hunters here þat þe houndes renne wele and putte it lustely forth.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 748 Well knew sir Palomydes whan sir Trystram wolde put forthe his strengthe and his manhode.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 963 Put the forthe boldly to ouerthrow Vertew.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. viii. A Doth not wysdome crie? doth not vnderstondinge put forth hir voyce?

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. L4 Virgill putteth himselfe forth to attribute to Augustus Cæsar the best of humane honours.

1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil XII Aeneids viii. 315 Whereat he by and by Put forth his strength, and rous'd it from the root, And it remov'd.

1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) i. 63 The good way of putting forth the Voyce gracefully.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature iv. 64 If men would be serious, and put forth themselves.

1792 R. Sydserff Treat. Bees i. 4 The poor captive is desirous of extricating himself by putting forth all his strength.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 434 It was to no purpose, however, that the good Bishop now put forth all his eloquence.

1892 Harper's Mag. June 81/1 They put forth their best pace.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xcviii. 517 The colossus put forth his strength, and..blundered into the semblance of victory.

1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem xii. 89 Hundreds of Saturday-night drunks and hopheads were standing about, weaving in and out the joints, putting forth their voices.

2006 Kansas City (Missouri) Star (Nexis) 7 Oct. 10 They all did a good job... It was a hot day out there and they put forth all the energy they had.

†4. transitive. To dismiss or expel from employment, office, tenancy, etc.; to dispossess or deprive of. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > evict tenant

to put forth1473

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (intransitive)] > dismiss or discharge

to put forth1564

1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 198 Lecens to bryng in tenandis and put furth at his awin discrecioun.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 248 Gif..the tothir had euill and falsly put him furth of his possessioun.

1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. viii. sig. O.viii^v Certain legions..he dismiste & put forthe of wages.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xxxv. 383 Hee put him forth of pay and tooke his horse from him by force.

†5. transitive.

a. To expel physically from a place, to drive out. Cf. to put out 3a at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession

outshoveOE

to do out of ——OE

shovec1200

to put out of ——c1225

to cast out1297

void13..

usurpa1325

to put outa1350

outputa1382

outrayc1390

excludea1400

expulse?a1475

expel1490

to shut forth1513

to put forth1526

to turn out1546

depel?1548

disseisin1548

evict1548

exturb1603

debout1619

wincha1626

disseise1627

out-pusha1631

howster1642

oust1656

out1823

purge1825

the bum's rush1910

outplace1928

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. ix. f. xij As sone as the people wer put forthe a dores [1611 put foorth].

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 672/2 I shall put hym forthe at all adventures, put hym in afterwarde who wyll.

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxi. 524 They begot no children vntill they were put forth of Paradise.

1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Ess. Pathol. Brain viii. 58 To draw away the morbific serosities of the blood, apt to flow forth on the head or breast, and to derive them gently by other ways of evacuation, and to put them forth of doors.

b. To send (esp. a child) away from home for education, apprenticeship, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > put out as apprentice

to put forth1595

1595 tr. J. Taffin Amendm. of Life iii. 305 By this example may parents take warning, when they mean to put forth their children to anie trade or occupation, eyther to learning.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 7 Other men, of slender reputation Put forth their Sonnes, to seeke preferment out.

1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. vi. iv. 353 The usual way for rich people is to put forth their children to nurse.

1706 House-keeper's Guide v. 151 Parents when they mean to put forth their Children to any Trade or Occupation, either to Learning, they then ought carefully to see and enquire [etc.].

(a) intransitive. Of a plant: to bud; to blossom; to come into leaf; = to put out 12c at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

spriteOE

wrideOE

brodc1175

comea1225

spirec1325

chicka1400

sprouta1400

germin?1440

germ1483

chip?a1500

spurgea1500

to put forth1530

shootc1560

spear1570

stock1574

chit1601

breward1609

pullulate1618

ysproutc1620

egerminate1623

put1623

germinate1626

sprent1647

fruticate1657

stalk1666

tiller1677

breerc1700

fork1707

to put out1731

stool1770

sucker1802

stir1843

push1855

braird1865

fibre1869

flush1877

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 672/1 This eglantyne tre putteth forthe very tymely.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. ii. 501 Plants put forth and bud too earely, by reason of the mild and warme aire.

1692 B. Keach Banquetting-house viii. 358 The Fig-Tree, Lord, does now put forth, The Summer doth draw near.

1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 275 Many unheard-of kinds of Vegetables might put forth, and expose themselves to our Observation.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. I. ix. 413 At last the under shrubs and trees put forth in their order.

1865 Ld. Tennyson On a Mourner iii The beech and lime Put forth and feel a gladder clime.

1891 Bot. Gaz. 16 80 The plant puts forth very early.

1920 L. Bacon Sophia Trenton 26 In April dogwood-trees would blossom there And the young beech put forth.

1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies i. i. 5 Suddenly the rain would lift and the trees come erect again, putting forth to the sun which has as suddenly appeared.

(b) transitive. Of a plant: to send out (buds, leaves, roots, flowers, etc.); = to put out 12b at Phrasal verbs 1. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

cast1340

burgeon1382

shoot1526

sprit1559

sprout1574

to put forth1592

to cast forth1611

to put out1614

emit1660

push1676

tiller1677

to throw out1733

to throw up1735

tillerate1762

flush1877

1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xxxix. 173 Our decent Church-Rites..Did then put forth her Braunches, and weare fruitfull in the bood.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. ii. 44 Her Hedges..Put forth disorder'd Twigs.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §407 The standard [rose-tree] did put forth a fair green leaf.

1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 982 When the top-bud [of the tobacco plant] is gone, it puts forth no more Leaves, but Side-branches.

1735 P. Collinson Let. 24 Jan. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 4 The Warmth..had Occasion'd the Skunk Weed to putt Forth Two fine Blossoms.

1763 W. Stukeley Palæographia Sacra 51 Evening primrose and..others, put forth their flowers in the evening.

1851 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 24 July On the day of the coronation, this young olive tree put forth twelve blossoms.

1864 R. Spruce Let. 29 July in C. Darwin Corr. (2001) XII. 292 The stem puts forth claspers (roots) here and there, which adhere to the tree or even closely embrace it, if slender.

1937 S. F. Armstrong Brit. Grasses (ed. 3) ii. 21 Very soon the embryo puts forth a small number of ‘seminal’ rootlets.

1968 P. S. Beagle Last Unicorn xiv. 206 Squat, snaggly trees that had never yet bloomed were putting forth flowers.

1998 Interzone June 50/1 A work of fantasy coils itself around the core-stem of the genre, supporting itself connectedly as it puts forth its own particular garb of leaves and blooms, of pages, characters, and action.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth > of bud, etc.

to put forth1594

to put out1603

pullulate1618

1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. D^v Who plucks the bud before one leafe put forth?

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 132 In Acornes, Almonds,..the germ puts [printed pnts] forth at the remotest part of the pulp.

1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De natura rerum v. 146 When flowers put forth, and budding branches shoot.

1730 tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Compl. Herbal II. xi. 523/2 Along the bottom of the Stalk new Buds put forth every year.

1760–1 C. Lennox Lady's Museum No. 10. 789 Its leaf is not unlike that of the laurel, but when it first begins to put forth is a bright scarlet.

1844 M. Fuller Summer on Lakes vi. 204 We sleep soundly until the sun unchains the streams, and makes the tender buds put forth for our subsistence.

1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 282 The buds in the graft do not put forth into leaves till long after the graft has taken.

1924 R. Macaulay Orphan Island xx. 262 Like some lovely fruit that puts forth, ripens, and tumbles..to the ground.

1938 C. Connolly Enemies of Promise xvi. 175 The green shoots which continue to put forth from a tree that has been cut down.

†b. transitive. Of an animal: to produce or develop (feathers, teeth, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > develop growth or excrescence [verb (transitive)]

knot1697

to put out1737

to put forth1740

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 369 To Put forth Teeth, the First time about the Second yeare of Age.

1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel Compl. Horseman ii. iii. 6 This Excrescency ought not to be taken away till they have put forth all their Teeth.

1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 215 A Two Year old Colt, that put forth a Bog-Spavin.

1778 R. Lowth Isaiah (ed. 12) xl. 31 75 They shall put forth fresh feathers like the moulting eagle.

1854 E. B. Eastwick tr. Anvár-i Suhailí i. 111 Their young ones, having gained strength and put forth feathers and wings, were able to move.

1905 J. A. Stewart tr. Plato Timaeus in Myths of Plato 297 The tribe of Birds, putting forth feathers instead of hair.

†7. transitive. To gouge out (an eye); = to put out 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > put out eyes

to turn outc1450

to scratch out?1527

to put forth1534

poach1608

gouge1785

gouge1800

deoculate1816

1534 G. Joye tr. Jeremy Prophete Preface sig. A viii Whiche Zedechias..was led also captiue to Babylon, his eyen put forthe.

a1547 in J. R. Boyle Early Hist. Town & Port of Hedon (1895) App. p. lxxxviii All them that putethe furthe anye men's or women's ees.

1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 31 [Phineus] put forth the eyes of his children had by his first wife.

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico vii. 43 The Areopagites censured the Boy that put forth the eyes of Quailes.

8. transitive. To cause to come out; to expel, discharge, emit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)]

outc1390

issue1442

to put forth1540

dischargea1576

1540 in R. G. Marsden Select Pleas Court Admiralty (1894) I. 99 He toke the tronke in his hands and hallyd it up to the land and there put forth alle the fysh that was in the tronke into a basket.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 92 ^v Sistole is, when the hart by constriction putteth forth the same [spirit].

1615 R. Hamor True Disc. Present Estate Virginia 20 She [sc. a pig] hath commonly seaven yong ones..which at her pleasure till they be a moneth olde or more she taketh up into her belly, and putteth forth againe without hurt to her selfe or them.

1749 W. Hawkins Henry & Rosamond i. iii. 12 The new-born Spring, When every Flower put forth its earliest Fragrance.

1905 Davenport (Iowa) Morning Star 28 Jan. 7/4 These [water] tanks put forth a stream of considerable size.

1971 Arizona Daily Sun 25 May 4/4 The coal-burning power plant..is putting forth hundreds of tons of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen and of particulates daily.

2000 S. E. Ambrose in Book July 56/1 The locomotives put forth so much smoke that the downwind side of the tracks on the cars was less desirable.

9. transitive. To pay out, expend (money), esp. with the expectation of profit; to invest; †to lend at interest (obsolete). Also figurative. Cf. to put out 10b at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)]

utterc1483

to put forth1572

pass1579

to turn and wind1598

wind1598

vent1629

to put outa1719

expose1751

mobilize1864

monetarize1952

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest

lenda900

ockera1382

to set out1533

to lend out (or forth)1549

bank1567

to put forth1572

leta1605

to let outa1616

usure1620

fenerate1623

loan1740

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest

improve1461

occupy1465

to put out1572

vie1598

put1604

stock1683

sink1699

place1700

vest1719

fund1778

embark1832

to put forth1896

1572 T. Wilson Disc. Vsurye f. 147^v If any do put forth his money for vsurie, it shalbe well allowed in him that so boroweth, if he neuer pay the principal again, much lesse the vsury rising therupon.

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. i. sig. Fiii^v I am determined to put forth some fiue thousand pound, to be paid me fiue for one, vpon the returne of my selfe, my Wife, and my Dog, from the Turkes Court.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxxiv. sig. H4^v Thou vsurer that put'st forth all to vse.

1667 T. Vincent Christ's Appearance to Judgment xv. 287 Whatever gifts or graces you have, put them forth to usury, that you may give an account with joy to your Lord.

1693 J. Kirkwood New Family-bk. (ed. 2) 169 You put forth your Money into God's hands, who will not fail to repay it with Usury.

1721 J. Strype Hist. Memorials II. xx. 405 The Gentlemen..that were wont to put forth such Money in Banks..did now think better to keep it in Coffers, without Gains, than to put it in Hucksters Hands, and lose the Principal.

1896 Manitoba Morning Free Press 8 July 2/1 This desire of the advocates of the ‘national policy’ to put forth money and energy to work up a foreign trade.

1962 H. M. Groves et al. Reappraisal Business Taxation v. 44 The gross rates of return that are necessary to induce investors to put forth money for that which is necessary to economic growth go up to 15 and 20 per cent.

1985 Daily Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 23 Dec. 4 a/2 People put money forth in good faith.

2006 Jrnl. Rec. (Oklahoma City) (Nexis) 27 Sept. [They] put forth the most money on a single horse earlier in the season when they claimed stakes-caliber sprinter Lumbre for $35,000.

†10. transitive. To extinguish (a flame or light); = to put out 7b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light)

aquenchc1000

quenchOE

to do outa1425

extinct1483

to put outa1500

out-quencha1522

dout1526

pop1530

extinguish1551

to put forth1598

snuff1688

douse1753

douse1780

smoor1808

to turn out1844

outen1877

to turn off1892

to black out1913

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 371 By negligence of a scholler appointed by his Scholemaister, to put forth the lights of this Chappell, the Image of our Lady..was with all this apparrell, ornamentes and Chapple it selfe brent.

1661 E. Leigh Choice Observ. Kings Eng. 60 In every house they should then put forth their fire and lights, and go to bed.

11. intransitive. To set out, start on one's way, esp. to sea; to set sail; (also) to make one's way forward. Cf. to put out 11 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage

to go to seac900

to take the seac1275

to go or fere to (the) saila1375

sail1387

to make saila1500

to set sail1513

lance1526

launch1534

to put off1582

to put out?1587

to put forth1604

to come to sail1633

underweigh1891

to take sail1904

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out

forthfarec888

foundOE

seta1000

to go forthOE

to fare forthc1200

partc1230

to pass forthc1325

to take (the) gatec1330

to take the wayc1330

to take one's waya1375

puta1382

treunt?a1400

movec1400

depart1490

prepare?1518

to set forth1530

to set forward(s)1530

busklea1535

to make out1558

to take forth1568

to set out1583

sally1590

start1591

to go off1600

to put forth1604

to start outa1626

intend1646

to take the road1720

to take one's foot in one's hand1755

to set off1774

to get off1778

to set away1817

to take out1855

to haul out1866

to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873

to hit, split or take the breeze1910

hop1922

1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 186 The rest [of the ships] seeing that, put forth to Sea with great danger, being a South-east winde.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 156 If any Barke put forth, come to the Mart, Where I will walke till thou returne to me.

1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 18 Cyrus putting forth a little before the rest, viewed both Armies at a good distance.

1707 J. Delme tr. P. Delmé Parable Sower 84 Many expert Mariners and Pilots, after they have put forth from one Port..are shipwreck'd at the very design'd Port.

1766 D. Lloyd State-worthies II. 412 Viscount Wimbleton and the earl of Essex..putting forth to sea, were much damaged with a furious storm.

1821 P. B. Shelley Time 9 Who shall put forth on thee, Unfathomable Sea?

1843 W. Wordsworth Grace Darling 50 Together they put forth, Father and Child!

1918 E. L. Masters Toward Gulf 10 The boats put forth for the ports.

1942 Times 13 Aug. 7/3 Many a ship might have been seen putting forth from Dover and other Channel ports laden with..treasures.

1994 Press Enterprise (Riverside, Calif.) (Nexis) 11 Sept. a14 Suppose..you heard this neighboring country will feed, clothe and house you at its taxpayers' expense if you put forth to sea?

to put forward

†1. intransitive. To press forward, advance, hasten on. Also: to come forward, offer oneself. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency

shovec888

thringc893

thresta1225

wina1300

thrustc1330

pressa1375

throngc1440

wrestc1450

thrimp1513

to put forward1529

intrude1562

breast1581

shoulder1581

haggle1582

strivea1586

wrestle1591

to push on (also along)1602

elabour1606

contend1609

to put on?1611

struggle1686

worry1702

crush1755

squeege1783

battle1797

scrouge1798

sweat1856

flounder1861

pull?1863

tank1939

bulldozer1952

terrier1959

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] > intrude or interfere

chop1535

shovel1540

to put (also stick, shove, etc.) one's oar in1542

intrude1573

to put in one's spoke1580

to put forward1816

neb1889

to butt in1899

to butt into ——1900

horn1912

muscle1928

chisel1936

1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters f. xxxiii Ye deuyll neuer ceacyd for hys parte dylygently to put forward.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. 361 For against these troupes and cornets of horse that thus violently put forward, the Samnites battaile stood unmoveable.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 217 Many make a profession, and put forward to an holy conversation.

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. Scotl. (1655) sig. O3^v The banished Champion..put forward towards Loch.Maben.

1694 J. Dryden Love Triumphant iii. i. 45 Put forward, Man, I'll second you.

1780 C. Reeve Old Eng. Baron (ed. 2) 195 Mr. William and his servant put forward, and arrived several hours before the rest.

1816 J. Austen Emma II. i. 4 Always putting forward to prevent Harriet's being obliged to say a word.

1873 J. Chislett in T. B. H. Stenhouse Rocky Mountain Saints 318 Every man and woman..worked to their utmost to put forward towards the goal of their hopes.

2. transitive. To advance for consideration or acceptance; to propound, propose; to urge; to represent as. Also with that-clause as object. Cf. forward adv. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration

puta1350

purposea1382

propone1402

motion1505

exhibit1529

propound?1531

prefer1539

raise1566

to put forward1569

broach1579

start1579

offer1583

propose1614

first1628

to put it to a person1664

moot1685

suppose1771

pose1862

to put up1901

1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. xiii. 126 The people woulde not consent thereto, but sharplie rebuked those whiche vrged and put forward the matter.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1198 Apollo..himselfe ministred and infused certeine imaginations, helping to put forward the loftie and learned kinde of language, as being much prized and esteemed.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey (1647) i. i. 4 If you have any good prayers, put 'em forward.

1702 R. Neve Apopiroscopy ii. 176 Some put forward, That the Air might have the faculty of nourishing Vegetables ascrib'd to it.

1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. 46 I'll put the matter forward, and make my lord invite her to the next ball.

1799 R. Jebb Reply to Pamphlet 48 Surely it argues a most contemptuous opinion of our understandings to put this forward as a serious argument.

1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 114/2 The emperor informed himself..of all the rights and claims put forward.

1876 Times 13 July 11/3 [He] said he was not putting forward that the horse running away caused the symptoms.

1889 H. D. Traill Strafford iv. 32 Several theories..have been put forward to account for Wentworth's apostasy.

1946 R.A.F. Jrnl. May 170 A suggestion was put forward to form an association or club.

1982 I. Hamilton Robert Lowell (1983) xix. 344 He had agreed that his name be put forward as a candidate for..the Professorship of Poetry at Oxford.

2006 Philos. Now Feb. 19/1 There is nothing new in the thesis put forward by postmodern philosophers.

†3. transitive. To cause to make progress; to further, advance; to promote. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]

furtherc888

to bring onc1230

advancea1250

speeda1300

nourishc1300

avaunt1393

promotec1433

pasture?a1439

advantage?1459

promove1475

preferc1503

conduce1518

to set forth1528

to set forward(s)1530

to take forth1530

fillip1551

help1559

farther1570

foster1571

shoulder1577

to put forward1579

seconda1586

foment1596

hearten1598

to put on1604

fomentate1613

succeed1613

expeditea1618

producea1618

maturate1623

cultivate1641

encourage1677

push1693

forward1780

progress1780

admove1839

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 899 Afterwards he attempted to put forward him selfe, and to practise in matters of state.

1613 A. Sherley Relation Trav. Persia 103 Though I stood in need of little helpe to put forward the kings affection towardes me.

1635 O. Cromwell Let. 11 Jan. in Writings & Speeches (1937) (modernized text) I. 80 It only remains now that He who first moved you to this, put you forward to the continuance thereof.

1664 E. Leigh Analecta Caesarum Romanorum 42 That by his own Example he might put forward the publick frugality, he himself..caused oftentimes to be served up to the Board viands dressed the day before.

1721 J. Perry Acct. Stopping Daggenham Breach 70 I us'd my utmost Application to put forward the Work to recover the lost time.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §288 Being wanted at Plymouth, to put forward the work of..the lantern.

4. transitive (in later use chiefly reflexive). To push into view or prominence, to make conspicuous; to offer (oneself or another) as. Cf. to put forth 1a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > expose to public view [verb (transitive)]

to put forth?c1225

to hit out1579

to set a-sunshining1601

to put forward1611

to hold out1613

expose1623

theatrizea1679

produce1686

parade1765

to bring forward1783

the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (reflexive)]

profferc1300

to put fortha1393

proponea1500

offer1739

to put forward1849

1611 Bible (King James) Acts xix. 33 And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Iewes putting him forward [1526 Tyndale thrustynge him forwardes] .

1727 J. Swift Let. to very Young Lady in Misc. II. 326 When both [sexes] are mixt and well chosen, and put their best qualities forward, there may be an intercourse of civility and good-will.

1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. iii. iv. 78 These very clergymen, that put you forward to blackguard for them will stand by laughing in their sleeves that you could be such a fool.

1849 G. P. R. James Woodman II. iii. 43 Who are you, my good friend, who put yourself so forward?

1863 C. Reade Hard Cash I. xii. 280 Mr. Tickell was put forward as interpreter.

1886 A. Sergeant No Saint xi People don't like to put themselves forward.

1923 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 15 Mar. 7/5 (advt.) Instead of hiding them you will be putting them forward.

1978 R. Rendell Sleeping Life ii. 16 I don't want to put myself forward, but I do read detective books.

1999 Wired Feb. 156/3 Anyone willing to put herself forward as an expert was instantly accepted.

5. transitive. To adjust (a timepiece) to show a later time, esp. (in later use) in order to conform to a change in local time; to move (the hands of a clock) forward. Cf. to put back 6a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set

setc1400

temper1538

roll1583

rule1595

winda1616

to wind upa1616

to set forwarda1627

to set back1635

regulate1665

to put back1704

to put forward1741

to put on1826

time1873

1741 J. Parry True Anti-Pamela 226 Whilst I took a turn or two in the Garden, they (who the Devil will one Day trick) put the Clock forward 50 minutes.

1812 F. Shelley Diary 12 June (1912) v. 61 Her attendants endeavoured to deceive her, by putting the clocks forward.

1845 C. Dickens Chimes iii He saw some putting the hands of clocks forward.

1908 Times 3 July 13/4 There is nothing to be done but just to put the clocks forward by an hour.

1989 P. Farmer Thicker than Water (1991) i. 15 The clocks had already been put forward for summer time, at seven o'clock it was still light outside.

2005 Managem. Today (Nexis) 7 Feb. 34 Staff put the office clocks, and his watch, forward, and wrote on his forehead in green felt-tip, ‘Hi Stef’.

to put in

1. transitive.

a. To place within a receptacle or enclosing space; to insert, introduce; †to drive in, embed (obsolete).to put the boot in: see boot n.³ 1b. to put in the needle: see needle n. 18a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)]

to do ineOE

to put ina1300

insetc1374

to throw ina1382

inducec1420

intriec1420

to set ina1425

tryc1440

enter1489

insert1529

turn1544

insere1557

infer1572

input1593

intromitc1600

introduce1695

to run in1756

a1300 Passion our Lord 200 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 43 (MED) Put in..þi sweord anon in þe stude.

a1325 Holy Cross (Corpus Cambr.) 63 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 169 (MED) He putte in is heued as he bad and bihuld al aboute.

c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 762 In an erthen pot..is..salt yput [v.r. ypitte] in and also papeer Biforn thise poudres that I speke of heer.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5823 (MED) He put his hand in, fair in hele, And vte he drogh it als mesel [a1400 Gött. mesele].

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 164 (MED) Yf thow sette a plaunte..Putte in a lytel moysty molde.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 236 (MED) Ther as the mene peple were fledde in-to caves for socour, thei putt in fier, and brent hem therynne.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xl. 130 When ther shypp was garnysshed, they put in theyr horses and ther armure.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7v Some put in naughty wool, and cause it to be spun & drawne into a very small thred.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 43 And now about the Cauldron sing..Inchanting all that you put in .

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iv. vi. 66 in Wks. II Come put in his legge in the middle roundell.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 200 When the Coffin was put in, the black Velvet Pall that had cover'd it was thrown over it.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery vii. 70 Butter the Inside before you put in your Batter.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 118 A Gardener putting in a graff.

1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks xii The old gentleman puts in his head at the door.

1910 Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 103/2 The methylator had not the slightest interest in putting in one drop more naphtha than the Excise officials compelled him to utilise.

1951 S. Plath Jrnl. July (2000) 79 Almost decided to put in hot coals to warm the sheets.

2005 D. Cowie Owen Noone & Marauder 291 I'd found our first album earlier... I put it in and pressed play.

b. spec.

(a) To place (seed or plants) in the ground; to sow, plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)]

sowc1000

besowc1175

inseminate1623

to put in1657

sprain1744

shed1770

to get in1771

seminate1796

broadcast1807

seed1814

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)]

setc725

planteOE

impc1420

enroot1490

implant1610

to put in1657

to plant out1664

to put out1699

to stop in1826

to put down1865

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 69 We will put in a plant amongst the trees,..that is so like a sugar Cane as hardly to be discern'd, the one from the other.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Kalendar 40 Continue to put in Beans and Pease every fortnight, that there may be a succession of them through the season.

1798 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 2) iv. 50 Plants..are best put in by a small spade or trowel.

1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 425 Oats..are put in with the grass seeds in one ploughing.

1941 C. Milburn Diary 1 June (1979) 99 I..put in the rest of the snaps after raking out the rest of the tulips.

1973 A. Christie Postern of Fate ii. ii. 69 It's about time..you thought of putting some vegetables in.

2002 Water Gardener July 32 When the Calverts had cleared the ground and were ready for planting, they put in all kinds of bog plants.

(b) To place (a horse, etc.) between the shafts of a cart, in a harness, etc.; to harness to a vehicle. Cf. sense 11f and to put to 2c at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness

harness13..

putc1550

to put in1709

tackle1714

to put to1732

reharness1775

crupper1787

crup1880

tack1946

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [verb (transitive)] > yoke (a horse, cart, or carriage)

join1377

couple1393

bind1535

to put in1709

to put to1732

to hook up1825

inspan1834

1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 158 The Priestess..call'd for her Coachman, and bid him put in his Horses, for away would she go.

1814 J. Austen Let. 2 Mar. (1995) 255 We therefore did no more..than..sit in the Carriage while fresh Horses were put in, and proceeded directly to Cobham.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxi. 55 The horse was accordingly put in, and the chaise brought round.

1891 Strand Mag. Jan. 90/2 Tell them to put the horses in at once.

1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxiv. 365 You want to go?.. I'll just have a horse put in.

1987 Carriage Driving Spring 32/3 Your horse certainly does not want to be put in too tightly, but..it is simplicity itself to adjust properly made harness.

†(c) To post (a letter, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > correspondence > sending items > send items [verb (transitive)] > put in post

to put in1711

letterbox1807

mail1827

post1837

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 15 Dec. (1948) II. 439 I put in my letter this evening myself.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 122 When I came to the Post-House, as I went to put in my Letter, I saw a Man..talking to another.

1800 J. Hughes New Law List 241 Letters, whether from town or country, may be put in at either of the Two Principal Offices at least half an hour later for each Dispatch.

1844 R. Chambers Vestiges Nat. Hist. Creation 312 The number of letters put in without addresses is year by year the same.

(d) To install (a fixture or feature) in a building, etc.

ΚΠ

1880 Decatur (Illinois) Daily Republican 27 Jan. Haworth & Sons were among the first to subscribe for a phone, but the company was a little tardy in putting in the instrument.

1898 Weekly Gaz. (Colorado) 28 Dec. 15/6 Roberts & Bischoff, general contractors, erected the building; St. John Brothers put in the plumbing, steam and gas fitting, etc.; the El Paso Electric company installed the electric equipment.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 224 This bath had been put in lately, and was at once the pride and the terror of the servants.

1962 H. Jennings Societies in Making iv. 182 What's the use of trying to do repairs and decorations or re-tile the kitchen or put in a bathroom till we know what's happening to the street.

1984 ‘A. Cross’ Sweet Death, Kind Death (1988) xiii. 152 They put in a swimming pool some years ago, and recently they planted a lawn.

2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Jan. x. 19/2 We're gonna put in showroom-style flooring and a sound system.

2. transitive.

a. To install or appoint (a person) as the occupant of a particular office or position, to fulfil a particular function, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)]

setc1000

stevenOE

assign1297

inseta1300

stable1300

ordaina1325

instituec1384

to put ina1387

limitc1405

point?1405

stablish1439

institutec1475

invest1489

assumec1503

to fill the hands of1535

establish1548

settle1548

appoint1557

place1563

assumptc1571

dispose1578

seat1595

state1604

instate1613

to bring ina1616

officea1616

constitute1616

impose1617

ascribe1624

install1647

to set up1685

prick1788

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 7 Whanne Odo was dede, þis Elsinus..gat slyliche a maundmente of þe kyng, and was i-put in [?a1475 anonymous translation was electe; L. intrusus est] at Caunterbury.

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 790 God forleseth the chirche..by hem that yeuen chirches to hem that ben nat digne, for they putten in theues that stelen the soules of Iesu Crist.

a1450 (?1409) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Royal) 58 (MED) I was put in by þe prior of seint Mathew.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 21 Alssua jn the tyme of ane othir pape Benait was grete errour..for he was put out, and ane othir forsabily put jn.

a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 232/6 The quene..put in new keparis in the castellis of Edinburgh [etc.].

1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. ii. 92 You..Haue causde him by new act of Parlement To blot our brother out, and put his owne son in.

1666 S. Pepys Diary 24 June (1972) VII. 180 He doth plainly diminish the commanders put in by the Duke.

1675 W. Cave Apparatus ii. p. xxxiv, in Bp. J. Taylor & W. Cave Antiquitates Christianæ He thrust out Onias the High Priest, and put in his brother Jason.

1745 R. Pococke Descr. East II. i. iv. viii. 267 The archbishop is put in by the patriarch of Constantinople.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. iv. xxxiii. 341 The old Squire..had been obliged to put in a new bailiff.

1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks xxii She..had to put in a couple, as caretakers, at so much per week.

1905 Sunday Gaz. & Tel. (Colorado Springs, Colorado) 12 Feb. The nephew who inherited it put in a caretaker.

1982 F. McGuinness Factory Girls i. 5/2 If this factory is in such a bad state why was a young fella put in to do a man's job?

1990 D. DiMaggio & B. Gilbert Real Grass, Real Heroes xii. 161 They were liable to get fired, and Gus would be put in as manager.

b. Cricket. (a) To send (a player) in as batter; (b) to decide, having won the toss, that (a team, typically the opposing one) will go into bat, esp. first.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > put (person) in to bat

to put in1823

to send in1857

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > put (team) in to bat first

to put in1823

to send in1912

1823 Lady's Mag. July 390/2 David Willis, who, injudiciously put in first..was bowled out, without a stroke, from actual nervousness.

1836 New Sporting Mag. Oct. 360 Eton having won the toss, put Winchester in.

1888 A. G. Steel in A. G. Steel & R. H. Lyttelton Cricket (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iv. 200 It is as well not to put in two hard-hitters together if possible, as it often tends to make one hit against the other.

1900 P. F. Warner Cricket in Many Climes 212 Lord Hawke, on winning the toss, put the other side in.

1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 78 It was to be his last as captain, after putting the Australians in and then losing the match.

2006 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 27 June 34 Put in after Denbighshire had won the toss, Gwynedd set a challenging total of 223-6.

a. transitive. To present formally, submit, or tender (a document, evidence, a plea, surety, etc.), esp. in a law court or to an official body. In later use frequently more generally: to make or register (an offer to purchase, a bid, a claim, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > lay before court

leadc825

presenta1325

pursue1384

propone1400

to put in1447

enterc1503

table1504

to bring in1602

deduce1612

lodge1708

lay1798

to bring up1823

1447 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 19 (MED) Hit was seyde apoune the answerys of the Bysshop, Deane, and Chapitre, put yn and we to replye.

1459 J. Bokkyng in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 187 Þere be many and diuerse particuler billes put jnne but noon redde ner touchyng vs.

1557 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 265 Putyng yn suffycyent suirty for the payment.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 287 Kin. To prison with her... Dia. Ile put in baile my liedge.

1654 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 11 The Court ordered him a coppie thereof, and 14 dayes time to putt in his answere.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. ii. 181 If they have put in the Banns, I desire you will publish them no more without my Orders.

1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 281 Colette may put in a claim.

1829 Examiner 716/2 The conduct of Mr. Mores, in putting in an execution under these circumstances.

1835 J. J. Strang Diary 24 June in M. M. Quaife Kingdom of St. James (1930) 228 The officer refused to take me in custody and I went alone and put in bail.

1891 Law Times Rep. 63 733/1 At the trial..the plaintiff..put in an information sworn by the defendant.

1936 J. Cary Afr. Witch i. 11 He had already put in a formal claim.

1988 Oxf. Jrnl. Legal Stud. 8 351 On 15 March [1882] he put in a distress for that rent.

2000 A. Taylor Where Roses Fade (2003) xvi. 126 I've put in an offer for the house, Richard. Shipston accepted it this afternoon.

b. intransitive. To present or advance one's own claim; to offer oneself as a candidate; to enter, bid, or apply for. Formerly also (with for): †to claim to be something specified (obsolete).In quot. a1616¹: to plead or intercede for a person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > intercede or use influence for [verb (transitive)]

entreata1425

mediate1578

to put ina1616

to speak up1705

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > claim to be

claimc1330

to figure for1596

to put ina1616

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > offer oneself for

stand1467

to put ina1616

to declare for1669

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] > enter a competition for

to put in1712–13

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 92 They had gon down to, but that a wise Burger put in for them.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. iv. 85 Luci. Put in now Titus. Tit. My Lord, heere is my Bill.

1627 J. Ussher Let. in R. Parr Life J. Usher (1686) Coll. cxvi. 376 Many most unfit Persons are now putting in for that place.

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. E2/2 A woman..whose all-excelling Forme Disdaines comparison with any She That puts in for a faire one.

1712–13 R. Steele Guardian No. 6. ⁋5 He puts in for the Queen's plate every year.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. vi. 530 Clodius was putting in at the same time for the Prætorship.

1821 Ld. Byron Let. 2 Aug. (1978) VIII. 165 I know no man who looks so well for his years... So don't talk of decay, but put in for eighty.

1892 Sat. Rev. 16 July 65/1 Opposition without mercy to every Minister who puts in for re-election.

1903 Everyday Electr. I. 1 The competent contractor..will find it worth while to ‘put in’ for the work.

1974 J. McGahern Leavetaking ii. 177 When you put in for that leave of absence I supported you.

2003 Smash Hits! 12 Nov. 8/3 His spies tell him that Jamie put in for his test after just one lesson.

a. intransitive. To go in, enter; spec. (a) Nautical to enter a port or harbour, esp. as a deviation from the intended course (cf. sense 9c); †(b) to make an informal call or chance visit to a house, to drop in (obsolete); (c) Falconry (of quarry) to fly into cover for safety.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > reach land or port > temporarily

touch1511

to put in1598

society > leisure > social event > visit > visiting > visit [verb (intransitive)] > visit informally

to call in1573

to drop in1609

to look ina1616

to come round1620

to go round1636

to put in1668

to go around1742

to happen in1749

to run in and out1779

to come around1822

to pop in and out1846

to happen in with1883

to stop in1904

stop1905

the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > quarry > action of quarry [verb (intransitive)] > fly to covert

to put in1883

a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 98 (MED) Ouer þat certayne nomber..none be resseyuid in þe same hous wiþowte special licence..it schal be þan ordeynid how many persones may þer putte inne ouer the nombre of olde time.

1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. i. 1/2 Lisbone, where some of our Fleet put in, and left vs.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 66 Cas. Now, who has put in? 2 Gent. Tis one Iago.

1668 S. Pepys Diary 16 Feb. (1976) IX. 72 Mr. Hollier put in and dined with my wife and me.

1704 Boston News-let. 23 Oct. 2/2 He was bound for Boston, but proving very Leaky put in here.

1799 tr. F.-G. Ducray-Duminil Ambrose & Eleanor 123 He acts the same with respect to vessels which unfortunately put in here for repairs.

1858 R. M. Ballantyne Coral Island xxiii. 277 The only place among the southern islands where a ship can put in and get what she wants in comfort.

1883 F. H. Salvin & W. Brodrick Falconry in Brit. Isles (new ed.) Gloss. 152 The place..where the quarry has ‘put in’.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 436/1 A decree requiring that every vessel navigating within sight of its lights should put in there.

1970 T. Williams Let. 2 Dec. in Five O'Clock Angel (1991) 221 We put in at Honololu on Xmas Eve.

1992 E. Ford Falconry: Art & Pract. xiii. 160/1 Young grouse will sometime put in on short or burnt heather where they have no cover.

†b. transitive. To drive in; to compel to go in; spec. (a) Nautical (of the weather) to drive (a ship) into a port (cf. sense 5b); (b) Falconry (of a hawk) to drive (quarry) to cover. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > drive (of weather, etc.)

put1511

to put in?1614

the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [verb (transitive)] > drive into water or covert

enew1486

to put in1826

?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ix. 131 Whom stormes put in there, are with stay embrac't.

1633 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 115 The Richard..was forced to bear up, and was put in at Weymouth.

1795 Ld. Nelson Let. 25 July in Pearson's Catal. (1886) No. 9. 29 The Agamemnon is put in here by bad weather.

1826 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 25 If the bird is put in, the second may be in the right style, as the hawk will then have time to get up to his pitch.

1867 M. Gibaud in W. B. Stewart Life on Line (1997) vii. 92 The Government Schooner La Canadienne arrived here 4th instant, put in by bad weather.

1891 J. E. Harting Bibliotheca Accipitraria Gloss. 226 A Goshawk,..having ‘put in’ a covey of partridges,..takes stand, marking the spot where they disappeared from view.

5. transitive. To supply or provide in addition; to insert as an addition or supplement; to add.

ΚΠ

1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis 314 We must put in the casuall [read causal] word Fear not Abram: bycause I am thy buckler.

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. ii. 153 These are arts Would not mis-become you, though you should put in Obedience and duty.

1643 J. Angier Lancashires Valley of Achor 7 But when God put the work into their hands, he put in skill.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) False Quarter,..is an unsound Quarter [of a horse's hoof], seeming like a piece put in, and not all entire.

1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 114 Amended and rectified, by putting in the words St. Stephen's near.

1858 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night ii. v He..put in an untrained bass to her well-taught soprano.

1891 B. J. L. Adams Bonnie Kate I. i. 17 As though a painter had touched them with a brush fresh from ‘putting in’ a sunset.

1903 W. D. Howells Lett. Home ii. 17 That would allow me to put in some Thackeray touches..and I could use my own experience.

1955 K. Amis Let. 27 Feb. (2000) 422 I have put in a gloss on ‘hwyl’, which is such a well-known Welsh word that I should like to retain it.

2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 20 Apr. ii. 28/1 String parts are sent to the principal players, who study them and put in bowing directions.

a. transitive. To interpose (a blow, shot, etc.); to intervene with; to get in (a word or remark). Also with direct speech as object.to put one's oar in: see oar n. Phrases 1. to put in one's spoke: see spoke n. 3a. to put in the leather (colloquial): to kick, esp. brutally (cf. to put the boot in at boot n.³ 1b). to put in a (good) word for: to speak favourably on behalf of; to commend; cf. to say a good word for (also about) at good word n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > strike with a weapon [verb (transitive)] > interpose a stroke

to put in1644

the mind > language > speech > interruption > interrupt (speech) [verb (transitive)] > interpose

interpone1523

interpose1605

to throw in1630

to edge in1683

to put in1693

interject1791

interjaculate1853

to drag in (into)1868

to chip in1872

interpolate1881

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. in Euphues (new ed.) f. 99 Camilla not thinking to be silent, put in hir spoake as she thought into the best wheele.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. viii. 57 A nimble fencer will put in a thrust so quicke, that the foile will be in your bosome, when you thought it a yard off.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 207 Give me leave to put in a word.

1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 30 A Man can no more put in a word with you, than with..some of our Coffee-House Holders-forth.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 145 At last the Seaman put in a Hint that determin'd it.

1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 Chron. 199/2 After a few feints on each side, Ryan put in the first blow.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IV xlix. 95 The third..took The blows upon his cutlass, and then put His own well in.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 493 Wallop sate down; and Baxter himself attempted to put in a word.

1862 Mrs. H. Wood Channings I. xi. 157 ‘Gently, Tom!’ put in Mr. Channing.

1889 C. Larking With Everything against Her III. v. 97 You may depend upon my putting in a word for you whenever I can.

1907 A. Wright Keane of Kalgoorlie 107 ‘It's red 'ot,’ put in Dave, ‘th'way these 'ere owners makes er pore man give 'em a lump in th' sweep.’

1943 J. Phelan Lett. from Big House ii. 30 Almost before he reached the ground the party piled on him. Some punched and cursed, others..‘put in the leather’.

1961 J. B. Wilson Reason & Morals ii. 120 J. R. Lucas..even puts in a good word for the religion-game.

1996 Eat Soup Dec. 130/2 I must put in my ‘two pennyworth’ in response to Johnny Acton's Why I Hate Coriander.

b. intransitive. To intervene; to interrupt. Now U.S. regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)]

to step in1474

to go (etc.) between the bark and the tree1546

to make in1575

intermediate1610

interposea1616

to put in1631

intervene1646

to strike ina1715

to wade in1905

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre Induct. sig. A4^v in Wks. II Hee has..kick'd me three, or foure times..for but offering to putt in, with my experience.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xc. 180 Unless your Majestie put in betwixt my misery, and my Creditors rage.

a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 254 [A Man] of a Temper so throughly Peaceable, that he had not hitherto put in at all.

1855 Harper's Mag. Oct. 602/1 Oh, Moses, if you have any love for your brother, put in, and divide this fight!

1901 W. N. Harben Westerfelt 290 You wus tellin' me..'at the lan' an' house wus in yore name an' her'n, an' 'at I had no right to put in.

1967 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 393/2 Could I put in?

7. transitive.

a. To contribute as (one's share of) work or duty; to perform (a spell or stint of work, etc.), esp. as part of a larger effort.to put in an appearance: see appearance n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > among other occupations

to put in1890

1818 ‘A. Burton’ Adventures Johnny Newcome ii. 68 The phrase of, ‘putting in a watch’; We mean, we should have let you know That John was ‘Watched’, and long ago Familiarized to all the rout Of turning in and rousing out.

1890 Standard 14 Feb. 2/8 The Dark Blues resumed work yesterday..and put in some useful practice.

1892 Pict. World 9 Apr. 670/2 Nothing could induce that man to put in more than four chapels a week.

1933 M. Lowry Ultramarine 111 I've just been putting in some overtime.

1968 F. Exley Fan's Notes iii. 117 I had one more ‘tour of duty’ to put in at the funny farm.

2003 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 8 Apr. 10 We cannot pray for the harvest, without putting in our share of the work.

b. colloquial. To pass or spend (a period of time) in a specified or implied activity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > in some activity

spenda1300

addict1604

busy1629

to put in1863

do1897

1863 C. B. Gibson Life among Convicts II. viii. 105 A man with a sentence of twelve years, no matter how exemplary his conduct, must put in nine years.

1882 R. L. Stevenson Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. 308 If he had to wait for a dish of poached eggs, he must put in the time by playing on the flageolet.

1920 R. Macaulay Potterism ii. i. 67 Johnny, putting in a fairly amusing time with his own friends.

1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xix. 216 I've come back to this place after putting in a half year of loneliness.

1972 J. Aiken Butterfly Picnic i. 9 The hours I have put in hanging about for her on station platforms.

2004 Carmarthen Jrnl. (Nexis) 11 Aug. 7 Hopefully when business picks up I can put in more hours.

c. To contribute or invest (money).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > contribution > contribute [verb (transitive)]

contribute1530

confera1538

to scat and lot1560

to kick in1908

to put in1915

1915 W. Cather Song of Lark v. ii. 355 You'd put in your talent..and hard work, and I'd put in the money.

1932 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 23 Apr. 1/4 ‘How much did you put in?’ ‘About $500,000.’

1938 ‘N. West’ Let. 21 Oct. in Novels & Other Writings (1997) 788 Please don't mention a word of Joe and I having put money in to anyone... It may be a case of throwing good money after bad, but I felt I had to do it.

1995 Guardian 5 Dec. ii. 2/5 Everyone puts in £2.50 to pay for the sports hall.

8. transitive. To let in, engage (the clutch of a motor vehicle).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > operate clutch or gears

throw1804

to put in1902

to slip (in) the clutch1904

shift1910

to let in1933

double-clutch1938

to let out1958

1902 J. E. Hutton in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xv. 337 When he got to the bottom he put in the clutch on the second speed, and essayed to run up the other side.

1928 J. Galsworthy Swan Song iii. iv. 246 ‘This is where I put in my clutch,’ she said, ‘as they say in the “bloods”!’

1976 ‘E. McBain’ Guns (1977) vii. 174 Colley puts in the clutch and manipulates the gear shift.

2006 Essex Chron. (Nexis) 22 June 23 If the lights ahead turn red, gently decelerate and put the clutch in to cut the engine revs and fuel consumption.

9. transitive. Australian slang. To send to prison, to convict (cf. to put away 2f at Phrasal verbs 1). Also: to inform on, ‘turn in’ (cf. to put away 4 at Phrasal verbs 1). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)] > secure the conviction of

to put in1911

to sew up1927

society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

meldeOE

bimeldena1300

forgabc1394

to blow up?a1400

outsay?a1400

detectc1449

denounce1485

ascry1523

inform1526

promote1550

peach1570

blow1575

impeach1617

wheedle1710

split1795

snitch1801

cheep1831

squeal1846

to put away1858

spot1864

report1869

squawk1872

nose1875

finger1877

ruck1884

to turn over1890

to gag on1891

shop1895

pool1907

run1909

peep1911

pot1911

copper1923

finger1929

rat1932

to blow the whistle on1934

grass1936

rat1969

to put in1975

turn1977

1885 Once Month (Melbourne) Dec. 430 As many as sixty diggers, handcuffed together like convicts, have been marched to the camp and put in the ‘logs’.]

1911 A. Wright Gambler's Gold (1923) 82 I ain't wantin' anythin' ter do with th' police... They put me in fer six weeks after your affair.

1951 S. Mackenzie Dead Men Rising i. 52 Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to put you in, only that's about the one thing I've never done in my life.

1975 Sydney Morning Herald 3 July 11/1 A lagger is someone who puts people in to the police.

to put off

1. transitive. To postpone to a later time; to defer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]

forslowc888

eldc897

forsita940

gele971

lengOE

drilla1300

delayc1300

onfrestc1300

tarryc1320

jornc1330

dretchc1380

defer1382

forbida1387

to put offa1387

to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393

dilate1399

fordrawa1400

to put overc1410

latch?c1422

adjournc1425

prolongc1425

proloynec1425

rejournc1425

to put in respite1428

sleuthc1430

respitea1450

prorogue1453

refer1466

sleep1470

supersede1482

respectc1487

postpone1496

overseta1500

respett1500

enjourna1513

relong1523

retract1524

tarde1524

track1524

to fode forth1525

tract1527

protract1528

further1529

to make stay of1530

surcease1530

prorogate1534

to fay upon longc1540

linger1543

retard?1543

slake1544

procrastine1548

reprieve1548

remit1550

suspense1556

leave1559

shiftc1562

suspend1566

procrastinate1569

dally1574

post1577

to hold off1580

drift1584

loiter1589

postpose1598

to take one's (own) timea1602

flag1602

slug1605

elong1610

belay1613

demur1613

tardya1616

to hang up1623

frist1637

disjourn1642

future1642

off1642

waive1653

superannuate1655

perendinate1656

stave1664

detard1675

remora1686

to put back1718

withhold1726

protract1737

to keep over1847

to hold over1853

laten1860

to lay over1885

hold1891

back-burner1975

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 441 Þe kyng was i-meved to helpe þe chirche þat so was hevedles and wedwe, and wolde putte it of [?a1475 anonymous translation made this excuse; L. differebat] wiþ a meke answere.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 12^v Angels..serueþ god..& doþ his hestes..in an instant, and puttiþ nouȝt of for to a morwe.

c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 20 (MED) Þat may be reiorned, or put of to þe werkeday of serueabul werkes.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. iii–v. sig. av They fell oute at that tyme that it was put of tyll Candelmas, And thenne all the barons shold mete there ageyne.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 673/2 It is put of for this tyme.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. C1 Farre from delaieng, or putting of poore mens causes.

1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies i. ii. 11 All things are now in Readiness, and must not Be put off.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. cv I am oblig'd to put off the Others to another opportunity.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xi. 254 The departure of the galeon was put off.

1783 S. Johnson Let. 26 Aug. (1994) IV. 190 I would not have you put off your journey, for all my motions are uncertain.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxiv. 206 As he opened the letter he trembled lest the dinner should be put off on which he was calculating.

1889 A. M. Jocelyn Distracting Guest II. xv. 227 I shall assuredly put our wedding off.

1903 G. B. Shaw Man & Superman iii. 80 It is the custom..always to put off business until to-morrow.

1948 Life 6 Sept. 103/3 (advt.) If you've never used Wildroot Cream-Oil, don't put it off any longer.

1992 Watertown (N.Y.) Daily Times 20 Jan. 25/5 The city manager has also talked about erecting a new building for the Department of Public Works in the next few years, but that may also have to be put off for a while.

†2. transitive. To drive off or away; to force back, repel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away

feezec890

adriveeOE

aflemeeOE

off-driveeOE

flemeOE

withdrivec1000

adreveOE

to drive outOE

biwevea1300

chasec1300

void13..

catcha1325

firk1340

enchasec1380

huntc1385

to catch awayc1390

forcatch1393

to put offa1398

to cast awaya1400

to put outc1400

repel?a1439

exterminate1541

chasten1548

propulse1548

keir1562

hie1563

depulse1570

band1580

bandy1591

flit1595

ferret1601

profugate1603

extermine1634

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 48^v Wiþ swete melodye somtyme fendes ben I-put of & compelled to passe out of bodyes.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 24 (MED) Þanne moot þe reulores of þe oost ordeyne alle þe horsmen & half þe foot men to defende and putte of [L. ad propulsandum] þe enemyes.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 369 He ves sa fortravalit To put of thame that hym assalit.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. i. §1 To put theym of at theire landyng.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiii. 61 If we be put off, charge them with all your great and small shot.

1714 Court of Atalantis 145 He made up boldly to him, and demanded the Favour... But the Great Man put him off with his Hand saying, Fellow, I don't know you.

1818 J. Keats Let. 10 July (1947) 184 A drunken Man came up to me—I put him off with my Arm.

1862 Times 14 Jan. 10/6 The burglars..succeeded in making a hole in the window-shutter sufficiently large to admit a man's hand, but were put off.

3. transitive.

a. To remove, take off, divest oneself (or, in early use, †another) of (a garment, a hat, etc.); to doff. Cf. to put on 2a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1.Now usually somewhat archaic in standard English, the usual expression being take off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing

to do offeOE

to lay downc1275

to weve offc1290

stripc1320

doffa1375

loose1382

ofdrawa1393

casta1400

to take offa1400

warpa1400

to cast offc1400

to catch offc1400

waivec1400

voidc1407

to put off?a1425

to wap offc1440

to lay from, offc1480

despoil1483

to pull offc1500

slip1535

devest1566

to shift off1567

daff1609

discuss1640

to lay off1699

strip1762

douse1780

shuffle1837

derobe1841

shed1858

skin1861

peel1888

pull1888

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 31 Þai putte [ Man.(1) don] off þaire hose and þaire schone.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 349 By fortune he mette with his brother, sir Gawayne; and there..he put of his helme.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1058 Than he putte of hys helmette to drynke.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 673/2 Put of his bridell and gyve hym a locke of haye.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. v. 3 I haue put off my cote, how can I do it on agayne?

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. A3 ^v Euery Stationers stall they passe by whether by day or by night they shall put off their hats too, and make a low leg.

a1625 J. Fletcher Pilgrim iv. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hhhhh4/2 I put my cloths off, and I dizend him.

1698 J. Crull Antient & Present State Muscovy I. 152 Their Way of Saluting is by putting off their Caps.

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant 29/1 Their Law expresly enjoyns them to put off their Pabouches or Slippers at the Porch of the Mosque.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 135 Should he be so weak or ill as to require a servant to put off and on his clothes.

1851 R. C. Trench Poems (1862) 183 They put the sordid grave clothes off.

1884 W. Besant Dorothy Forster III. xxxi. 119 He had put off his cassock, and now, dressed like a plain citizen of London, was come to see the dismal show.

1927 E. B. Levack Old Lossiemouth 11 A wis juist pittin' aff ma claes, gaen tae ma bed.

1971 Jrnl. Relig. in Afr. 4 216 Entering the house of worship, all put off their shoes.

1994 H. Chappell Oysterback Tales 58 Every time they put off their gumboots and take a shower, you can smell them downwind of a seafood plant.

b. figurative. To cast off or abandon (a trait, habit, manner, etc.). Cf. to put on 2a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]

to let awaya1000

forcast?c1225

to lay downc1275

forthrow1340

flita1375

removea1382

to cast away1382

understrewc1384

castc1390

to lay awaya1400

to lay asidec1440

slingc1440

warpiss1444

to lay from, offc1480

way-put1496

depose1526

to lay apart1526

to put off1526

to set apart1530

to turn up1541

abandonate?1561

devest1566

dispatch1569

decarta1572

discard1578

to make away1580

to fling away1587

to cast off1597

doff1599

cashier1603

to set by1603

moult1604

excuss1607

retorta1616

divest1639

deposit1646

disentail1667

dismiss1675

slough1845

shed1856

jettison1869

shake1872

offload1900

junk1911

dump1919

sluff1934

bin1940

to put down1944

shitcan1973

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Coloss. iii. 9 Ye have put off the olde man with his workes, and have putt on the nue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. ii. 232 Put off your Maiden Blushes.

1645 J. Winthrop Declar. Former Passages 6 A Narrowganset Indian.., faining himselfe to be of Conecticot, spake in that dialect, but could not put off the Narrowganset tone.

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης vi. 55 Putting off the Courtier he now puts on the Philosopher.

1704 E. Arwaker Thoughts well Employ'd 143 With our flesh we shall put off all the failings and infirmities of it.

1794 G. Morris Let. 21 Jan. in Amer. State Papers, Foreign Relations (1833) I. 403 Putting off the character of minister to put on that of intriguant.

1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) ix. 239 It comes to whomsoever will put off what is foreign and proud.

1889 C. Smith Repentance Paul Wentworth I. iv. 59 She met him very kindly... Certainly she had put off the scornful princess for the day.

1922 19th Cent. Oct. 594 Even sordidness itself has put off all its vileness, and is seen superinvested in beauty.

1951 L. P. Hartley My Fellow Devils i. 4 He put off his hauteur.

1985 A. Brookner Family & Friends viii. 103 He will put off the obedience of his youth and be his own man at last.

4. transitive. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). To kill, do away with. Cf. to put down 4 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 148 Jt war than spedefull, yat sik a man war put off for the better.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 176 Now Lucius king of Britannie is put affe.

1742 J. Cockburn Lett. to Gardener (1904) 85 Keeping the Chickens and by degrees put of all the old Cocks and Hens.

1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 394 ‘Hev ye heared at au'd Mally at t' work'us has putten herself off?’ ‘Hast'ee putten t' au'd dog off, Jamie?’

1900 Shetland News 2 June in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. 146/1 Ir ye gaun ta pit aff da auld koo, Bawby?

5. transitive.

†a. To dismiss from one's thoughts, put out of one's mind. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration

to put out of ——a1250

to lay awaya1400

to set asidec1407

to lay by1439

to lay asidec1440

to let (something) walkc1450

to set apart?1473

reject1490

seclude?1531

to let go1535

to put offc1540

to set by1592

sepose1593

to think away1620

to look over ——a1640

prescind1650

seposit1657

decognize1659

inconsider1697

to set over1701

shelf1819

sink1820

shelve1847

eliminate1848

to count out1854

discounta1856

defenestrate1917

neg1987

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2664 Hedis to þat, And puttis of þat purpos; let paris not wend.

b. To dismiss from employment or service; to discharge. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss or discharge

to put awaya1387

discharge1428

dismiss1477

to put out of wages1542

discard1589

to turn away1602

to put off1608

disemploy1619

to pay off1648

to pay off1651

to turn out1667

to turn off1676

quietus1688

strip1756

trundle1794

unshop1839

shopc1840

to lay off1841

sack1841

drop1845

to give (a person) the shoot1846

bag1848

swap1862

fire1879

to knock off1881

bounce1884

to give (a person) the pushc1886

to give (a person) the boot or the order of the boot1888

bump1899

spear1911

to strike (a medical practitioner, etc.) off the register1911

terminate1920

tramp1941

shitcan1961

pink slip1966

dehire1970

resize1975

to give a person his jotters1990

1608 E. M. Wingfield Disc. Virginia in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 80 Mr Kendall was put of from being of the Counsell, and comitted to prison.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. ii. 33 The Clothiers all not able to maintaine The many to them longing, haue put off The Spinsters, Carders, Fullers, Weauers.

a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 58 Having put off his Husbandry, he had put off with it most of his Servants.

1724 D. Defoe Fortunate Mistress 256 We cannot put off Servants, and Coach and Horses,..all in a Moment; Servants must have Warning.

1902 R. H. Barbour Behind Line 190 He stood bewildered while they accused him of every sin in the football decalogue. Devoe..threatened to put him off, if he didn't wake up.

1977 ‘R. Lewis’ Nothing but Foxes iii. 94 Joe Heddon used to work around here, but never was a good 'un... So Mr Prentiss-Stewart put him off.

†6. transitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To pass, get through, while away (time); to waste (time). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]

overdoOE

adreeOE

wreaka1300

to draw forthc1300

dispend1340

pass1340

drivea1375

wastec1381

occupyc1384

overpassa1387

to pass over ——a1393

usec1400

spend1423

contrive?a1475

overdrive1487

consumea1500

to pass forth1509

to drive off1517

lead1523

to ride out1529

to wear out, forth1530

to pass away?1550

to put offc1550

shiftc1562

to tire out1563

wear1567

to drive out1570

entertainc1570

expire1589

tire1589

outwear1590

to see out1590

outrun1592

outgo1595

overshoot1597

to pass out1603

fleeta1616

elapse1654

term1654

trickle1657

to put over1679

absorb1686

spin1696

exercise1711

kill1728

to get through ——1748

to get over ——1751

tickc1870

fill1875

c1550 Clariodus (1830) v. 2559 With joy and pleasance pat thay afe the night.

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 141 Than..scho..put of as scho micht That langsum day, quhill it come to the nicht.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 376 I am here, Sir, putting off a part of my inch of time.

a1704 T. Brown Dialogues of Dead in 4th Vol. Wks. (1720) 204 But what will serve the Turn full as well, to put off half an Hour or so of Conversation.

?1772 D. Williamson True Narr. Sufferings 41 I walked about till church time, then went to church, thinking there to put off time till half past twelve.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well III. xi. 280 I am as stupid as he, to put off my time in speaking to such an old cabbage-stock.

1859 M. Oliphant Laird Norlaw xvii. 87 I would not advise you to put off your time seeking Mary Huntley.

1899 J. B. Salmond My Man Sandy iv I cud never pet aff my time gaen aboot doin' naething.

1912 D. McKie Fables frae French 40 Aft pittin' aff the time to aid until It suits oor ain convenience an' will.

7. transitive.

a. To dismiss or get rid of (an awkward or unwanted person or thing), esp. by evasion; to baulk, thwart, or forestall (a person) in the achievement of a goal, desire, etc., by offering something inferior or unsatisfactory; to fob off with.Sometimes overlapping with sense 1: to dismiss until a later time, to make (a person) wait.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > evade [verb (transitive)] > put off

pop1530

to put off1569

to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1591

to shift offc1592

foist1598

to fob off1600

fub1600

to shuffle off1604

doffa1616

jig1633

to trump upa1640

whiffle1654

to fool off1664

sham1682

drill1752

to set off1768

to put by1779

jilt1782

palm1822

stall1829

job1872

to give (a person) the go-around1925

to put off1569

fub1600

daffa1616

to put by1618

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > treat with evasion

to put by1618

to put off1630

stave1646

parry1687

to pass off1811

to stall off1819

to stand off1871

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > an argument

elude1612

to put by1618

to put off1675

to shift offa1768

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 141 The king put them of for that season and warned them to sue him about Mighelmas.

1592 R. Cosin Conspiracie for Pretended Reformation 60 Then would he..by frustratorie kindes of answeres goe about to put off such interrogatories.

1602 N. Breton Mothers Blessing lxvi. sig. D3^v If he importune thee with borrowing,..Or daily put thee off with morrowing, Till want do make thee wearie of thy lending.

1630 R. Sanderson Serm. II. (Prov. xxiv. 10) §8. 254 Let no man think to put off this duty with the Lawyers question,—But who is my neighbour?

1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 70 ‘Upon my honour I have none left now.’ ‘Nay, nay I have known you deny your China before now, but you shan't put me off so.’

1718 Free-thinker No. 16. 1 You may put them off with Shells and Pebbles, or any Trumpery.

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 37 A nobleman, who was not to be put off with ministerial shifts.

1846 D. Jerrold Mrs. Caudle xv. 51 Of course you've some story to put me off with.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 2 Psychology has been put off with complimentary acknowledgments.

1902 H. James Wings of Dove I. v. xii. 260 She had come alone, putting her friend off with a fraud: giving a pretext of shops, of a whim.

1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 112 (advt.) Don't be put off with anything but the best.

1968 G. S. Haight George Eliot viii. 241 Sara Hennell, put off by Lewes on the pretext of Marian's headache..came on 31 July.

1991 J. Connor Distortions 25 My father tried to put him off with a curt nod but Mr Cuthbertson didn't take the hint.

b. To dissuade, divert, or (in later use esp.) distract (from a purpose or action).In quot. 1642: to debar, prevent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)]

letc888

shrenchc897

forstanda1000

amarOE

disturbc1290

impeachc1380

stopc1380

withstandc1385

hinder1413

accloy1422

hindc1426

to hold abackc1440

appeachc1460

impeditec1535

inhibit1535

obstacle1538

damp1548

trip1548

embarrass1578

dam1582

to clip the wings ofa1593

unhelp1598

uppen1600

straiten1607

rub1608

impediment1610

impedea1616

to put out1616

to put off1631

scote1642

obstruct1645

incommodiate1650

offend1651

sufflaminate1656

hindrance1664

disassist1671

clog1679

muzzle1706

squeeze1804

to take the wind out of the sails of1822

throttle1825

block1844

overslaugh1853

snag1863

gum1901

slow-walk1965

the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > demotivate [verb (transitive)] > discourage

remove?a1425

discourage1437

revoke1447

disporta1450

to take offa1616

to work off1627

to put off1631

dishearten1634

disinvitea1641

to put or set (anyone) by1768

eyebrow1876

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc.

withdraw1340

distractc1380

waive1390

wresta1400

to turn aside1535

avocate1543

detract1548

to turn off1573

take1574

swaya1593

to put out1616

to put off1631

sidetrack1887

to turn off1951

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. iv. 68 in Wks. II Nor can his mirth, With whom I make 'hem, put me off.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. x. §646. 276 This exception shall not put off the grauntee of the piscarie in the same poole.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 276 We could not by any means put off the second Brother out of an Humour [that] had taken him to accompany us.

1751 E. F. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless 217 He would fain have put me off from visiting his charge here.

1796 F. Burney Camilla I. ii. ii. 178 As to the women,..there's nothing will put 'em off from their pleasure.

1837 W. H. Wills Law of Land ii. i. 21 This is some trick to put me off from learning the real cause of your misery.

1890 G. M. Fenn Double Knot II. vi. 114 Millet was put off from resuming the subject.

1964 R. Gover Here goes Kitten 36 I was not put off by her tactics.

2001 B. Hill Getting Started in Online Personal Finance v. 113 The unfortunate color scheme of this site should not put you off from recognizing it as an underrated gem.

c. To cause (a person) to lose interest or enthusiasm; to discourage, deter; (also) to cause to feel dislike or distrust, to repel.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > feeling against or a settled dislike > impulse of aversion > turn away from or regard with aversion or reject [verb (transitive)] > repel

resist1609

repulse1816

to put off1909

to turn off1951

off-put1970

1909 F. L. Barclay Rosary ix. 77 I am so afraid of her putting Dal off. He is so fastidious.

1920 ‘O. Douglas’ Penny Plain xiv. 141 He might be so shy and unforthcoming that he would put people off.

1928 Observer 19 Feb. 6/3 The prefatory note, with its apparently exaggerated claim, rather put me off.

1932 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Thank Heaven Fasting i. ii. 34 A man is very quickly put off, if he thinks that a girl hasn't even taken the trouble to remember what he looks like.

1964 New Statesman 10 Apr. 571/1 English readers shouldn't be put off by Professor Shattuck's Texan manner of what he calls ‘cinching’ an argument.

1973 L. Meynell Thirteen Trumpeters v. 80 I'm in grave danger of becoming virtuous. To see those acres of fat Germanic flesh spread out by the pool is enough to put me off for life.

2002 Observer 14 July (Food Monthly Suppl.) 62/1 Don't let the nopalitos cactus on the breakfast menu put you off.

d. To cause to lose concentration; to disconcert, confuse, ‘throw’. Also: to cause to be mistaken, to mislead.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > disconcert

blemish1544

blank1548

to put out1598

unsettle1644

disconcert1695

to put off1909

to put (someone) off (his) strokea1914

to bend (a person) out of shape1955

to throw off1978

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)]

abobc1330

confusec1350

confoundc1374

cumbera1375

passc1384

maskerc1400

mopc1425

enose1430

manga1450

overmusec1460

perplex1477

maze1482

enmuse1502

ruffle?a1505

unsteady1532

entangle1540

duddle1548

intricate1548

distraught1579

distract1582

mizzle1583

moider1587

amuse1595

mist1598

bepuzzle1599

gravel1601

plunder1601

puzzle1603

intrigue1612

vexa1613

metagrobolize?a1616

befumea1618

fuddle1617

crucify1621

bumfiddlea1625

implicate1625

giddify1628

wilder1642

buzzlea1644

empuzzle1646

dunce1649

addle1652

meander1652

emberlucock1653

flounder1654

study1654

disorient1655

embarrass?1656

essome1660

embrangle1664

jumble1668

dunt1672

muse1673

clutter1685

emblustricate1693

fluster1720

disorientate1728

obfuscate1729

fickle1736

flustrate1797

unharmonize1797

mystify1806

maffle1811

boggle1835

unballast1836

stomber1841

throw1844

serpentine1850

unbalance1856

tickle1865

fog1872

bumfuzzle1878

wander1897

to put off1909

defeat1914

dither1919

befuddle1926

ungear1931

to screw up1941

1909 Spectator 12 June 927/1 People..forget that a horse can be ‘put off’ as easily as a man.

1918 A. Bennett Pretty Lady xxii. 146 ‘That's not you, Frankie!’ said the Major with a start of recognition... ‘Yes, sir,’ said Molder... ‘It was the red hat put me off,’ the Major explained.

1937 Times 9 Apr. 6/2 He was put off by a cinematograph at the 15th, which meant a 5 instead of a 4.

1998 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 8 Jan. 3 I'm aware of it but it doesn't put me off. When you're actually in there doing your programme it takes quite a bit to break your concentration.

a. Nautical.

(a) intransitive. To set off from the land, or from a larger vessel; to set out or start on a voyage. Cf. sense 9c.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage

to go to seac900

to take the seac1275

to go or fere to (the) saila1375

sail1387

to make saila1500

to set sail1513

lance1526

launch1534

to put off1582

to put out?1587

to put forth1604

to come to sail1633

underweigh1891

to take sail1904

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxxix. 162 They did shoote such abundance of arrows..y^t they made our men put off.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 71 Let me cut the Cable, And when we are put off, fall to their throates.

1629 J. Cole Of Death 90 The ship is putting off.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 72 A Boat put off from One of them.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iii. 153 The six, who..remained in the barge, put off with her to sea.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 178 The boat now put off. The old man remained looking after it as it made rapidly towards the brig.

1885 Cent. Mag. July 495/1 All who could keep themselves afloat With cask, spar, life-preserver, boat..Put off.

1890 S. Lane-Poole Barbary Corsairs i. ix. 98 In the summer..Barbarossa put off to sea.

1916 E. R. Burroughs Beasts of Tarzan vi. 90 There was no response, and finally the boat put off without them.

1998 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 7 Sept. 8 He decided that he was not going to be told by a third officer..to sit down in a wildly rocking boat as we put off to the ship.

†(b) transitive. To launch (a vessel); to send off from land, or from a larger vessel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > put out a (boat or ship)

to put out1621

to put off1639

to set out1694

1639 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 312 He caused the boatsmen to put off the boat.

c1694 Acct. Tryalls Manch. (1864) 9 Lunt..pull'd a pistoll from under his coat and sett it cock't to the master's breast, threatning to shoot him if he did not imediately put off his boat.

1740 G. Whitefield Contin. Jrnl. (ed. 2) 11 But as soon as ever my Friend put off his Boat to fetch them, the Commander of the Ship made Sail and left them.

1776 Addr. People Great Brit. 47 Will you in such a Moment of critical Emergency, instead of putting off your Boats to her Assistance, muster yourselves on the Shore with the determined Resolution to oppose her landing?

1892 Black & White 2 Jan. 25/2 It was too rough to put a boat off.

1910 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News 12 Feb. 14/1 Only such a miracle as saved my life could have saved others, for there was no time to put off the life boats.

b. intransitive. gen. To set off, depart, make one's way; to make off. Cf. sense 7b. Now rare (U.S. colloquial in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

atwendOE

awayOE

to wend awayOE

awendOE

gangOE

rimeOE

flitc1175

to fare forthc1200

depart?c1225

part?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

biwitec1300

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to draw awayc1330

passc1330

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

voidc1374

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

waive1390

to pass out ofa1398

avoida1400

to pass awaya1400

to turn awaya1400

slakec1400

wagc1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

muck1429

packc1450

recede1450

roomc1450

to show (a person) the feetc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

devoidc1485

rebatea1500

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

to go one's ways1530

retire?1543

avaunt1549

to make out1558

trudge1562

vade?1570

fly1581

leave1593

wag1594

to get off1595

to go off1600

to put off1600

shog1600

troop1600

to forsake patch1602

exit1607

hence1614

to give offa1616

to take off1657

to move off1692

to cut (also slip) the painter1699

sheera1704

to go about one's business1749

mizzle1772

to move out1792

transit1797–1803

stump it1803

to run away1809

quit1811

to clear off1816

to clear out1816

nash1819

fuff1822

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

mosey1829

slope1830

to tail out1830

to walk one's chalks1835

to take away1838

shove1844

trot1847

fade1848

evacuate1849

shag1851

to get up and get1854

to pull out1855

to cut (the) cable(s)1859

to light out1859

to pick up1872

to sling one's Daniel or hook1873

to sling (also take) one's hook1874

smoke1893

screw1896

shoot1897

voetsak1897

to tootle off1902

to ship out1908

to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909

to push off1918

to bugger off1922

biff1923

to fuck off1929

to hit, split or take the breeze1931

to jack off1931

to piss offa1935

to do a mick1937

to take a walk1937

to head off1941

to take a hike1944

moulder1945

to chuff off1947

to get lost1947

to shoot through1947

skidoo1949

to sod off1950

peel1951

bug1952

split1954

poop1961

mugger1962

frig1965

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. iii. sig. Kiii^v How long should I be ere I should put off To the Lord Chancellor's tombe?

1757 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery (new ed.) 12 The coachman, ready to put off, whipped his horse.

1803 C. Pettigrew Let. to E. P. (Univ. N. Carolina MS.) in Dict. Amer. Eng. (1942) III. 1865/1 [His impudence] made me threaten him, on which he put off.

1858 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 22 July Over fifteen thousand persons have deserted their homes in California, and put off by every means of conveyance for Fraser's river.

1859 D. Crockett Life Col. D. C. x. 116 I thought it was time for us all to wet our whistles a little; and so I put off to the liquor stand.

1886 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 13 Feb. A gaunt convict..was selected for the run. He was told to put off quickly, circle in the woods, [etc.].

1982 ‘C. Bess’ Story for Black Night 49 She put off quickly for town because it was coming to be dark, which was no time to waste in the bush.

9. transitive.

a. To dispose of deceptively or fraudulently; to pass off (a thing) for something else; to palm off; †to foist (a person) on someone (obsolete). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > dispose of fraudulently

put1603

to bob off1605

to put off1612

impose1650

palm1679

sham1681

cog1721

slur1749

pawn1763

to play off1768

to pass off1799

to work off1813

to stall off1819

to fob off1894

1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. G1 ^v For base rogues that vndo yong Gentlemen, By taking vp commodities: for pollitick bankroupts: Onely to put off horses and slight iewels, Clockes, defac't plate, and such commodities.

1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme iii. i. 108 To sophisticate Metalls, & then put them off for true Gold and Silver.

1707 J. Shirley Triumph of Wit (ed. 5) 204 The first was a Coiner... The second a Voucher to put off his Gold.

1740 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1932) (modernized text) II. 440 A plagiary is a man who steals other people's thoughts, and puts them off for his own.

1820 Times 8 Apr. 2/4 There was another indictment against the prisoner for putting off counterfeit coin.

1856 C. Mathews False Pretences ii. iii. 35 What embarrassed you? Was it a counterfeit he wanted to put off on you?

1892 Harper's Mag. Jan. 243/2 Do you think it was quite right..to put him off on your uncle, if you didn't like him yourself?

1897 Atlanta Constit. 17 Oct. 20/3 (advt.) No chance to get old goods put off on you. Our stock is entirely new from one end to the other.

1937 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 10 July 4/4 There was a group of forgers who were ‘putting off’ forged bonds in various countries in Europe.

1957 K. Scott Counterfeiting Colonial Amer. ix. 178 [He] was arrested in New York City and committed to jail for putting off counterfeit twenty shilling bills.

†b. To dispose of (a commodity) by sale; to sell. Formerly also: to marry off (a woman). Obsolete.In quot. 1631 figurative, perhaps with a pun on sense 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)]

to sell awayc1230

to set to (for, on) sale, a-salec1275

sella1330

to make sale (of)c1430

market1455

to make penny of1464

vent1478

to put away1574

dispatch1592

money1598

vent1602

to put off1631

vend1651

hawk1713

realize1720

mackle1724

neat1747

to sell over1837

unload1884

flog1919

move1938

shift1976

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > marry [verb (transitive)] > get (someone) married

to put off1631

to get off1677

1631 B. Jonson New Inne ii. i. sig. C2^v They [sc. tailors] all grow rich by breaking, More then their words; their honesties, and credits, Are still the first commodity they put off.

1637 J. Shirley Gamester v. l. 102 A brace of thousands Will, shee has to her Portion, I hop'd to put her off with halfe the summe.

1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 454 As if it were of little more importance to marry a child, than it is to put off a horse or cow at a fair.

1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 390 He may put off every Pipe for the worth of Twopence.

1749 G. G. Beekman Let. 20 Nov. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 94 Most of my Customars have Left me for Endeavouring to put of that Rum at Markit Price.

1801 B. Hunt in Chester County (Pa.) Hist. Soc. Bull. (1898) 4 This day I put off my stock of goods to Abraham Bailey to amount of $1022,5.

1864 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 25 ii. 295 As to oxen, I put off two lots in the year, one from the grass and the other from the yards.

1884 J. Winsor Narr. & Crit. Hist. Amer. 327 Large quantities of truck-goods..were put off to advantage for furs brought to the factories by the Indians.

†10. transitive. To make (something) appear attractive; to set off. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off

becomec1314

commend1535

advancea1555

comely1573

outseta1578

countenance?1578

to set out1586

to stick off1613

to set offa1616

suit1655

to put off1700

advantage1748

approve1849

flatter1904

1700 J. Wallis in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 326 Riding the great horse..is the expedient for putting-off the great house to good advantage.

1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 234 A Mackrel, dressed as soon as taken,..requires no Goosberries or rich Sauce to put it off.

†11. transitive. Farriery. To discharge, pass, excrete. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excrete [verb (transitive)]

yetOE

to put outa1350

void1398

expelc1405

avoid1562

ejaculate1578

excern1578

regurgitate1578

egest1607

evacuate1607

vent1607

expurgate1621

excrete1669

pass1698

to put off1740

re-ejaculate1826

1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. iv. 84 Low Feeding..causes a Horse to put off his Meat before it has been sufficiently acted upon by the Stomach.

12. transitive. To set (a person) down from a vehicle; to disembark (a person) from a boat; to drop off. Cf. sense 8a(b), and also earlier to put down 1c at Phrasal verbs 1, put-off n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > set down

to set down1669

to put down1795

to leave off1848

land1853

to put off1867

drop1961

1867 M. J. Holmes Cameron Pride xxv. 222 The fear that the conductor would forget to put her off at the right place.

1892 S. P. McLean Greene Vesty of Basins xv. 165 The five were put off from the sinking craft in Gurdon's boat.

1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) ix. 134 Don't go out of your way, George... Just put me off at the corner.

1985 C. Phillips Final Passage 157 Ask the conductor to put you off at the stop before Marble Arch.

2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 24 Mar. 11 If I was going to a less salubrious part of the city, the taxi driver would say, ‘I'll put you off here, nurse.’

to put on

1. transitive. To place or set on or upon something; to lay on the top of something; to attach.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > position upon > be upon (something) [verb (transitive)] > place (a thing) upon

onlayOE

overlayOE

to put ona1382

overcast?a1400

dight1572

superimpose1712

superposit1742

superpose1798

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)]

fastenOE

fasta1225

tachec1315

to-seta1340

catcha1350

affichea1382

to put ona1382

tacka1387

to put to1396

adjoina1400

attach?a1400

bend1399

spyndec1400

to-tachc1400

affixc1448

complexc1470

setc1480

attouch1483

found?1541

obligate1547

patch1549

alligate1563

dight1572

inyoke1595

infixa1616

wreathe1643

adlige1650

adhibit1651

oblige1656

adent1658

to bring to1681

engage1766

superfix1766

to lap on1867

accrete1870

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxviii. 48 God..shal pute on anyrun ȝok opon þy scolle.

1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 290 To cary the pailȝoun treis..to the castel to put on the bandis and platis on thaim.

1530–1 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 111 And quhen he vas putand one this lok and bandis.

1613 J. Rovenzon Treat. Metallica sig. C2^v When the top is put on, and when fastened and luted, it may then serue for the ventible to make the blast.

1697 in Mem. Alloa (1874) 66 To put on a tirlace gate, with lock and key thereto.

1747 R. Maxwell Pract. Bee-master 21 Let such as choise Straw, be sure to put it on thick.

1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer iii. 111 He hired a carpenter, who put on a roof and laid the floors.

1828 Sporting Mag. 23 33 His head is not well put on.

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling vii. 228 The slightest ‘flick’ or ‘crack’ [in throwing the line] will necessitate putting on a new fly.

1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist ii. 35 When King is led, second player, if he holds Ace, puts it on (‘covers’, is the technical expression).

1900 Engin. Mag. 19 678 The margin plates of the tank top are put on, and the tank-top plating itself.

1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral ii. 42 There was only the de-icing paste to be put on, and the perspex to be polished for the night.

1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 51 You've a pole from the front wheels to the cart-axle, and then you've your front wheels to put on: and then you put the top on.

2006 News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) (Nexis) 21 Nov. e1 Pour into glass jars. Put lids on once the cream is cool.

2. spec.

(a) transitive. To place (an item of clothing, footwear, headgear, etc.) on a part of the body, so as to be wearing it; to don. Also figurative. Cf. to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on

to do oneOE

graitha1375

puta1382

to take on1389

to let falla1400

takea1400

to put on?a1425

endow1484

addressa1522

to get on1549

to draw on1565

don1567

to pull on1578

dight1590

sumpterc1595

to get into ——1600

on with1600

array1611

mount1785

to cast on1801

endoss1805

endue1814

ship1829

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 138 (MED) Þen put on þe girdel and festen þe girdel wele.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 226 (MED) He did on his maister clothyng, & putt on his ryng on hys fynger.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 518 Unnethe he myght put on hys helme and take hys horse, but they were in hondis with hym.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. xiii. 14 Put ye on the lorde Jesus Christ [Gk. ἐνδύσασθε].

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Ephes. vi. 11 Put on the armour of god.

1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 227 Not knowing how to put on a paire of hose, made his wife holde them with both her hands abroade.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xxi. sig. E1 Hee has not put on the quaint Garbe of the Age.

1691 London Gaz. No. 2653/3 Then the King put on the Blue Ribon with the George.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. xiv. 290 She..begged Joseph to conduct him into his own Apartment, where he should stay himself, till she had put her Clothes on.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. v. 271 Pray put on your hat.

1828 W. Sewell Oxf. Prize Ess. 80 Socrates..had done what he rarely did, washed, put on a pair of shoes, and blown his nose.

1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. vi. i. 268 It was a lovely May sunset, and the birch trees..had put on their new leaves.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out vii. 106 He put on his spectacles to contemplate the scene.

1949 C. P. Snow Time of Hope i. iii. 34 She was putting on a large straw hat.

1988 M. Gardiner Scattering Memories 129 When it was very late and time to go, I stood by the front door putting on my coat.

2006 New Yorker 9 Oct. 35/2 He..put on a helmet and a climbing harness, and ascended the other end of the rope.

(b) transitive. figurative. To take upon oneself, adopt, assume (a trait, habit, or manner). Cf. to put off 3b at Phrasal verbs 1.to put on airs: see air n.¹ Phrases 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] > be transformed into

to put on1526

metamorphose1576

metamorphize1587

endenize1610

convert1934

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Coloss. iii. 9 Ye have put off the olde man with his workes, and have putt on the nue.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxiii This kyng..determined with hymself to put on the shape of a new man.

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. A4^v In Italie I put my knighthoode on.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 179 The Duke hath put on a Religious life.

1641 Ld. J. Digby Speech in Comm. 21 Apr. 3 Judges wee are now, and must put on another personage.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 206 In a style of waywardness so prettily put on, and managed, as to render it..ten times more poignant.

1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 113 A young stripling..who puts on airs of gravity.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xii. i. 376 Whim..determined her to put on the stranger, and receive my compliments with..coldness.

1890 Harper's Mag. June 20/1 The streets had put on their holiday look.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 13/3 After I'd managed to put on a stiff upper lip she told me about my father's death and all.

1972 J. Gathorne-Hardy Rise & Fall Brit. Nanny iii. 74 Everybody has time to put on a look of good behaviour before she arrives.

2007 Mercury News (San Jose, Calif.) (Nexis) 2 Jan. Matt Damon cashes in his million-dollar smile and puts on a somber appearance.

(c) intransitive. Originally: †to put on a hat (obsolete). In later use (Scottish and Irish English): to dress, don clothing. Also (occasionally) in same sense. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (intransitive)] > in specific way > in specific clothing

to cover (one's head)c1340

boot1600

to be covered1611

to put on1611

robea1626

cloak1774

wrap1847

tuck1888

gown1896

flannel1919

to suit up1927

to dress down1941

1611 G. Chapman May-day ii. i. 23 Tem. When your yong man came to me; I pray let him put on, vnlesse it be for your pleasure. Leo. He..can endure the cold well enough bare-headed.

1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence i. i. sig. B2^v Nay pray you Guardian, and good Sir, put on.

1788 A. Shirrefs Jamie & Bess ii. ii I thank you Branky, what's the news in town? Pit on, pit on; How's Simon?

1810 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (new ed.) II. 93 O slowly, slowly, raise she up, And slowly put she on.

1853 W. Watson Poems 46 It chaws ye, my leddy, it chaws ye, I see, That ye canna pit on like my dochters an' me.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 265/1 Put on,..dress yourself.

b. transitive. To apply (make-up, cosmetics, etc.) to the face or body.

ΚΠ

a1625 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey (1647) i. i. 4 Bid the coy wench put on all her beauties, All her enticements, out-blush damask roses.

1715 S. Garth Claremont 91 When Dress was monstrous, and Fig-leaves the Mode, And Quality put on no Paint but Woade.

1778 J. R. Forster Observ. Voy. round World 591 The New-Zeeland ladies never failed to put on the same kind of rouge mixed with grease.

1857 Putnam's Monthly Mag. May 452/2 He has put on his war-paint, and is prepared for death.

1875 M. D. Landon Eli Perkins 82 There's no use of my trying to dress without rouge. I do wish they would learn how to put on pearl white here—why, every wrinkle shows through.

1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square vii. 154 She began to powder her face: putting on the stuff with a big lambskin puff.

1986 D. Hogan New Shirt i. 12 Her mouth was put on that day like a pagan red rose.

2001 Men's Health June 38/1 Put the cream on before bed.

c. transitive. To put (a kettle, pan, etc.) on a fire, stove, or other heat source.Later use with reference to kettles is sometimes indistinguishable from sense 7d.

ΚΠ

1750 S. Richardson Lett. Particular Friends (ed. 4) lxxvii. 109 She rung for the Maid, and bid her put on the Tea-kettle.

1777 Whole Proc. Jockey & Maggy (rev. ed.) iv. 23 Up gets auld Maggy..puts on the kettle, and maks her Yool sowens.

1827 Lady Marjorie in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 235 'O wha will put on the pat,' they said, 'Or wha will put on the pan?'

1890 E. Favenc in C. Taylor Tales of Austral Tropics (1997) 66 He returned the stranger's greeting as a matter of course, and with the usual bush hospitality made up the fire and put the billy on.

1933 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Cloud Howe ii. 115 Sit down, will you Else? I'll blow up the fire and put on the kettle.

1998 N. Lawson How to Eat (1999) 154 Put a griddle (smooth side) or cast-iron pan on to get really hot.

d. transitive. To start to play (a record, compact disc, video, etc.).

ΚΠ

1919 ‘W. N. P. Barbellion’ Jrnl. Disappointed Man 82 Mugged about all day. Put on a gramophone record [etc.].

1926 J. M. March Wild Party (1928) ii. iii. 44 She stopped the Vic, And put on a record so blue it was sick.

1964 A. S. Byatt Shadow of Sun ix. 204 She put on a record of Ravel's Bolero , turned it up as loudly as possible, and decided to have a bath.

1999 Sun 27 Mar. i. 9/1 He gave her wine and put on a porn video.

2003 New Yorker 21 Apr. 64/3 He put on a Black Sabbath CD—‘post-Ozzie, I'm afraid’.

†3. transitive. Apparently: to lay on, inflict (a blow). (In quot. figurative) Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 109 My Lady goes to kill hornes, but if thou marrie, hang me by the necke, if horns that yeere miscarrie. Finely put on .

†a. transitive. To urge onward, encourage; to incite, impel; (also) to promote, help to bring about. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]

furtherc888

to bring onc1230

advancea1250

speeda1300

nourishc1300

avaunt1393

promotec1433

pasture?a1439

advantage?1459

promove1475

preferc1503

conduce1518

to set forth1528

to set forward(s)1530

to take forth1530

fillip1551

help1559

farther1570

foster1571

shoulder1577

to put forward1579

seconda1586

foment1596

hearten1598

to put on1604

fomentate1613

succeed1613

expeditea1618

producea1618

maturate1623

cultivate1641

encourage1677

push1693

forward1780

progress1780

admove1839

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 351 He was likely, had he beene put on, To haue prooued most royall.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. iv. 190 That you protect this course, and put it on [1608 put on] By your allowance.

a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 170 They haue put them on to the shedding of blood.

1689 G. Bulkeley People's Right to Election in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 86 Tis onely..my reall desire of the Common good which puts me on.

1721 G. Booth tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Libr. (ed. 2) xvii. 792 Credit was more easily given afterwards to his Accusers,..and to others who affirm'd that they were put on to it by him.

b. intransitive. To go faster; to push forward, hasten on; to go on, proceed. Now rare (Scottish and English regional in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency

shovec888

thringc893

thresta1225

wina1300

thrustc1330

pressa1375

throngc1440

wrestc1450

thrimp1513

to put forward1529

intrude1562

breast1581

shoulder1581

haggle1582

strivea1586

wrestle1591

to push on (also along)1602

elabour1606

contend1609

to put on?1611

struggle1686

worry1702

crush1755

squeege1783

battle1797

scrouge1798

sweat1856

flounder1861

pull?1863

tank1939

bulldozer1952

terrier1959

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move with urgent speed

rempeOE

fuseOE

rakeOE

hiec1175

i-fusec1275

rekec1275

hastec1300

pellc1300

platc1300

startc1300

buskc1330

rapc1330

rapec1330

skip1338

firk1340

chase1377

raikc1390

to hie one's waya1400

catchc1400

start?a1505

spur1513

hasten1534

to make speed1548

post1553

hurry1602

scud1602

curry1608

to put on?1611

properate1623

post-haste1628

whirryc1630

dust1650

kite1854

to get a move on1888

to hump it1888

belt1890

to get (or put) one's skates on1895

hotfoot1896

to rattle one's dags1968

shimmy1969

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads viii. 217 When none, though many kings put on [Gk. πολλῶν περ ἐόντων], could make his vaunt.

1653 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 12 I am clearly of opinion he will now very speedily put on to make himself or some other..to be elected K.

1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 21 No stop nor halt in their way, but ever putting on.

1746 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield, Mass. (1895) I. 548 I came up with Othniel Taylor, on horseback, and ordered him to put on faster.

1765 E. Kimber Maria (ed. 2) I. xi. 152 The Driver put on at a pretty great Rate as soon as he came into the great Road.

1811 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 31 447 If she walks, put on; if she puts on, run.

a1860 J. Younger Autobiogr. (1881) 92 Put on, mak' in at him or he notice us.

1881 J. Sargisson Joe Scoap's Jurneh 6 He put on a canny bit faster ner yan wad ha thowt wih sec a leead.

a1903 J. P. Kirk in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 656/1 S. Nottinghamshire When a got off the gress, a begun to put on.

c. transitive. To set (a timepiece) to show a later time; to move (the hands of a clock) forward; = to put forward 5 at Phrasal verbs 1. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set

setc1400

temper1538

roll1583

rule1595

winda1616

to wind upa1616

to set forwarda1627

to set back1635

regulate1665

to put back1704

to put forward1741

to put on1826

time1873

1826 R. H. Froude in Remains (1838) I. 150 When the old covenanter, in the act of putting on the clock, was interrupted by the clatter of Claverhouse's horses.

1865 G. Meredith Rhoda Fleming xl My belief, sir, is the clerks at Mortimer and Pennycuick's put on the time.

1891 F. W. Robinson Her Love & his Life v. i We can afford to put on the hands of the clock a few more weeks.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xviii. [Penelope] 710 I wanted to put on the old stupid clock to near the time.

1941 Times 8 May 5/5 As we have put on the clock another hour, the Post Office adjusts its activities accordingly.

2006 Waikato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 25 Mar. 9 When we put the clock on an hour next spring, let's keep it that way.

5. transitive. colloquial.

a. To affect, feign, pretend. Also with clause as object. Cf. sense 2a(b), and put-on adj. 1. to put it on: to pretend or exaggerate something (chiefly in progressive tenses).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)]

deceivec1330

defraud1362

falsec1374

abuse?a1439

fraud1563

visure1570

cozen1583

coney-catch1592

to fetch in1592

cheat1597

sell1607

mountebanka1616

dabc1616

nigglea1625

to put it on1625

shuffle1627

cuckold1644

to put a cheat on1649

tonya1652

fourbe1654

imposturea1659

impose1662

slur1664

knap1665

to pass upon (also on)1673

snub1694

ferret1699

nab1706

shool1745

humbug1750

gag1777

gudgeon1787

kid1811

bronze1817

honeyfuggle1829

Yankee1837

middle1863

fuck1866

fake1867

skunk1867

dead-beat1888

gold-brick1893

slicker1897

screw1900

to play it1901

to do in1906

game1907

gaff1934

scalp1939

sucker1939

sheg1943

swizz1961

butt-fuck1979

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)]

mitheeOE

bipechec1000

huec1000

feigna1300

unlikena1382

counterfeitc1400

pretend1402

dissimulec1430

dissimule1483

simule?a1500

semble1530

counterfeit1534

dissemblea1538

suppose1566

countenance1590

mock1595

assume1604

to put on1625

assimulate1630

personate1631

to take on1645

simulate1652

forge1752

sham1775

possum1850

to turn on1865

fake1889

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [phrase]

makec1275

to make wise1447

make as though?c1450

to let fare1483

to make a show ofa1500

to set a face1560

to take on (also upon) one(self)?1560

to make (a) miena1657

to make believe1773

to put it on1888

to play (the) fox1894

1625 R. Bolton Some Gen. Direct. for Comfortable Walking with God 47 Some there may be, who..put on a show of religious deportment, at least, in the company of such as are ready and forward to commend their conformity and forwardnesse that way.

1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iii. ii. 33 'Twas all put on that I might hear and rave.

1738 R. Courteville Mem Life & Admin. Baron Burleigh 15 The Lord Paget..was too much in the Interest of the Royal Family to be well with this great Duke, and too honest a Man to put on any feigned Submissions.

1788 J. Coopert tr. A. Berquin Children's Friend (new ed.) II. 133 George put on a feigned embarrassment at this reproof, which was another thing that he wanted.

1806 Lady Jerningham in Jerningham Lett. (1896) I. 270 The first days the Duke supposed the illness a little Put on.

1882 H. Caine Recoll. D. G. Rossetti iii. 117 He took the remonstrance with great good-nature (observing that he perceived I thought he was putting it on).

1888 H. R. Haggard Col. Quaritch x I wonder if he puts it on or if he deceives himself.

1949 D. Smith I capture Castle (U.K. ed.) xiv. 290 ‘We shall be ashamed of our callousness if father really is going off his head.’ ‘He isn't—he's putting it on or something.’

1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! xxxix. 375 I put on I was giving the goofy idea some thought.

b. Originally U.S. To deceive, hoax (a person), esp. in a joking manner; to tease; to have (a person) on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > exploit or take advantage of > specifically a person

to prey upon1610

impose1667

picaroon1681

live1712

to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748

to get over ——1784

exploit1838

to play (it) low down (on)1864

to avail upona1871

pole1906

to put on1958

1958 Amer. Speech 33 225 When a hipster puts someone on he is pulling his leg (perhaps putting him on a stage to be laughed at).

1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 vi. 167 Has it ever occurred to you, Oedipa, that somebody's putting you on? That this is all a hoax?

1986 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 5th Ser. Episode 5. 313 Rodney. Guess who's in charge of the project? Mickey. You' re putting me on!

1997 M. Fabi Wyrm ii. 36 He looked at me as if he was trying to figure out whether I was putting him on.

6. transitive. To add, make an addition of.

a. To develop additional (weight, flesh, fat, etc.). Also with it as object.In quot. 1626: to cause to take on (weight).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump

farce14..

alarda1425

plum1561

enseam1562

lard1579

engross1587

impinguate1620

to put on1626

rotund1650

pinguedinize1656

bloat1677

to take ona1750

round1830

pinguefy1893

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum i. 9 (margin) Experiments Solitary touching the Condensing of Aire, in such sort as it may put on Weight [in plants], and yield Nourishment.

1832 S. A. Ferrall Ramble Six Thousand Miles x. 297 He seemed to have put on flesh, and looked somewhat more contented.

1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 ii. 580 [They] put on no meat until they were put up to feed.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 4 The woman returned..in a state of robust health, having put on a stone in weight.

1933 E. Hemingway Winner take Nothing (1934) 35 It's terrible..the way I put it on.

1967 A. Diment Dolly Dolly Spy vii. 98 She had put on a lot of weight.

1997 Earth Matters Winter 30/1 Some turkeys put on 50 or 60 pounds if they are destined for the burger and turkey roll market.

b. To add or cause to be added (an amount) to a cost or price; (occasionally) to add to, put up (a price). to put it on (colloquial): to add to the price, to overcharge. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (intransitive)] > make excessive charges

to lay it ona1593

to stick it into1797

to put it on1843

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices) > add to price

to put on1843

1843 G. P. R. James Commissioner xx. 122 ‘Very few customers will be fools enough to give twenty per cent. more for goods because they are exhibited behind plate-glass.’ ‘Pardonnez moi, monsieur,’ replied Joey in a sweet tone; ‘I believe they might put on thirty.’

1880 Times 14 May 6/1 Coals at 6s. to 7s. per ton are estimated to put 2s. on each quarter of wheat ground.

1890 H. James American i. 201 It will make them put on their price, sir!

1909 N.E.D. (at cited word) Half-a-crown for that job! They know how to put it on!

1939 Times 4 Mar. 7/6 These various increases added together would put on an additional 1s. 6d. a ton.

c. Sport (originally Cricket). To add (runs, points, etc.) to the score for one's team.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > score

get1634

make1680

score1742

notch1836

steal1836

to put up1860

rattle1860

to put on1865

tally1875

net1907

to rack up1921

slam1959

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > play football [verb (transitive)] > add (goal) to score

to put on1865

1864 Times 17 Aug. 12/5 Before Mortlock left he had put on the score 55, ably gained.]

1865 Times 1 July 12/6 Sussex soon after commenced their second innings with 46 ‘on’, and were putting on runs fast.

1891 Standard 6 Nov. 6/5 After crossing over the visitors could only put on one more goal.

1921 Glasgow Herald 17 Oct. 13/7 In the second half P. R. Johnstone scored, and afterwards G. A. Able put on another for Stepps.

1975 Cricketer May 19/1 The opening pair put on 85 in the first 20 overs, a splendid rate on an extremely wet outfield.

1989 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 20 Mar. The Knights put on 12 points in the last minutes of the first half.

2006 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 7 Dec. Together..the duo had rebuilt India's wrecked innings and put on 115 runs in fairly quick time.

7. transitive.

a. To acquire additional (speed); to start to employ (a fast or faster pace).

ΚΠ

1648 J. Beaumont Psyche ii. lxxix. 19/1 Watchfull Charis..Now put on speed.

1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar v. i. 70 Put on thy utmost speed to head the Troops Which every moment I expect t'arrive.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. lxxix. 269 When we were within five miles of Harlowe-place, I put on a hand-gallop.

1773 H. Mackenzie Man of World II. xvi. 157 They put on a very quick pace, and in a short time Lucy imagined herself pretty safe from pursuit.

1892 Black & White 16 Jan. 78/1 The whole fleet put on good speed, and stood nearly due west.

1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. xvii. 262 He put on a fine turn of speed, and rang the bell.

1946 J. Masefield Poems 419 He put on pace down the Rood Hill Bend.

2000 A. Taylor Where Roses Fade (2003) xliv. 311 First came a few scattered but heavy drops. He put on speed, hoping to reach the Bull before the worst of the downfall.

b. To bring to bear (something intended to increase speed or effectiveness); to exert (a burst of effort).to put on steam: see steam n. 7d.

ΚΠ

1833 T. S. Fay Crayon Sketches II. 43 Just as the small bell had rung to put on the steam, the breeze slackened.

1867 Good Words 8 68/2 Now and then he even put on ‘a spurt’, as rowers say.

1955 Times 9 June 3/5 [He] slowed down perceptibly during the middle of the last lap, but he put on a burst round the last bend.

1962 ‘C. Marchant’ Heritage of Folly i. 10 If she wanted to get there before it was really dark she must put a spurt on.

1990 ‘B. Vine’ Gallowglass vi. 71 He couldn't put a spurt on and leave it behind because he had to keep in the slow lane.

c. To bring (a device or mechanism) into action, to activate; to cause to have effect; to apply (pressure, etc.) by operating a device or mechanism.Also figurative, in to put on pressure, the screw: see the nouns.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)]

work1591

act1597

to put onc1842

operate1847

trip1897

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > bring into activity or activate

enter1563

inact1583

active1620

activate1624

yoke1630

animate1646

inactuate1651

to bring (also call, put) into (also in) play1799

to put onc1842

to bring on1860

mobilize1871

derepress1962

c1842 S. Smith Let. to Ld. J. Russell in Wks. (1859) II. 300/1 Gently down hill. Put on the drag.

1889 G. Allen Tents of Shem III. xxxviii. 62 The driver put on the brake quick and hard.

1902 F. T. Bidlake in Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. Aug. 360/1 Any further brake pressure put on by the lever will remain locked on by the twisting handle.

1913 Times 2 Apr. 8/5 When the fireman shouted to me to stop I put on the regulator.

1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) xv. 206 A small white car shot out of the Lodge gates in front of her at such speed that she had to put her brakes on suddenly.

d. To cause (esp. an electrical device) to begin to operate or function; to switch on, turn on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > device to open or close circuit > connect or disconnect [verb (transitive)]

to turn on1824

disconnect1826

to turn down1855

switch1881

to put on1892

to turn off1892

key1929

1892 Times 1 Mar. 4/6 It now appeared the plaintiffs could not put on the electric current, consequently the defendants could get no light. Mr. Poole..said his company had no power to put on the light where the particular premises happened to be.

1909 Times 11 Jan. 6/4 The electric lamps suddenly went out... ‘Light; please put on the light; the dinner is getting cold,’ went the message over the telephone to the works.

1949 F. Towers Tea with Mr. Rochester (1952) 135 Florence put on the light and poked the banked-up fire.

1969 J. Gaskell Sweet Sweet Summer 151 I put on my torch because it is almost dark.

1989 W. McIlvanney Walking Wounded 178 He put on television and watched a programme for children.

2004 C. Bateman Driving Big Davie xxxi. 305 A pair of love bugs were mating on our windscreen. A few days ago I would have put the wipers on and squished them. Now I let them be.

8. transitive.

a. To set or appoint (a person) to work or an occupation, or to do something, esp. as a short-term measure, or to deal with a particular contingency. Also: to lay on (a train, etc.) to make a particular journey, or to accommodate additional passengers.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work

setc1175

put1608

to put on1822

to turn to1836

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > travel on (public vehicle) [verb (transitive)] > supply with public transport > appoint to make regular journeys

to put on1822

1822 Times 4 Apr. 4/2 (advt.) In consequence of the numerous applications having been made to him for the article, he has been induced to put on several additional hands, for the immediate supply of his present demands.

1831 W. E. Gladstone Diary 14 Nov. in J. Morley Life Gladstone (1903) I. i. iii. 78 I was only put on in eight books besides the Testament.

1858 Times 19 Nov. 5/5 One witness after another had proved that the General Company put on omnibuses wherever they had any.

1891 Standard 12 Mar. 3/3 It was only when the day was well advanced that men were put on to clean it up.

1935 N. L. McClung Clearing in West xl. 341 The C.P.R. put on an excursion train.

1964 Parade (Austral.) Mar. 47/2 They came in such numbers that the Austrian [sc. Wilhelm Reich] was forced to put on a staff of orgonomists.

2006 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 26 Mar. 1 d For every single problem Toyota has, they put a team on to fix it.

b. Cricket. To send (a person) in to bowl.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > bowl [verb (transitive)] > put in to bowl

to take the ball1832

to put on1845

to bring on1860

bowl1862

1845 Times 12 Aug. 4/5 The score increased rapidly, when Mr. Hartopp and Barker were put on to bowl.

1897 ‘Tivoli’ Short Innings vi. 95 ‘I can't bowl slows,’ expostulated Tuckett. ‘Then put someone else on,’ returned the inexorable senior.

1947 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 13 Oct. 14/1 Kenneth Weeks..was put on to bowl one over before the lunch interval.

1992 Wisden Cricket Monthly (BNC) Sept. 40 Love put himself on to bowl his offbreaks.

c. Hunting. To lay (a hound) on the scent.

ΚΠ

1846 W. Elliott Carolina Sports 132 ‘Put on the hounds, and they will soon tell who is right.’ We brought them to the trail.

1930 C. Frederick et al. Fox-hunting v. 59 Their hounds..will fly to their huntsman at the slightest word without having to be ‘put on’ to him by a whipper-in.

1938 Times 21 Mar. 4/6 The fox was seen to leave. Hounds were put on and ran..to Stinnon, where the fox went to ground again.

9. transitive. To stake or bet (a sum of money); to place (a bet). Originally in to put on the pot (also to put the pot on): (slang) to stake a large amount (cf. pot n.¹ 11a).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > bet (money, etc.)

laya1300

wed1362

to lay downc1430

setc1460

jeopardc1470

wage1484

holda1500

pary?a1505

to stake down1565

stake1591

gagec1598

bet?a1600

go1607

wagera1616

abet1617

impone1702

sport1706

stand1795

gamble1813

parlay1828

ante1846

to put on1890

plunge1919

1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang at Pot ‘I shall put on the pot at the July meeting’, signifies that the speaker will bet very high (at races), or up to thousands... Lord Abingdon once declared ‘I will put on the pot to-day’, and he did so with a vengeance.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxiv. 250 Altamont put the pot on at the Derby, and won a good bit of money.

1890 Standard 21 July 4/4 The Defendant ‘put on’ for her 10l. upon Oberon for the Lincolnshire Handicap.

1910 J. Frankau Let Roof fall In i. 13 The little group who had been watching the race through their field-glasses shut them up with a cheery word or two. For nobody had ‘put the pot on’ for the Tally Ho, and it is always amusing when a fine rider like Jim gets thrown.

1953 Landfall 7 250 Put on a quid for me, for a place—I've got the hoot.

1981 S. McAughtry Belfast Stories i. 17 When the bet's put on, you would think the whole thing would be over and done with when the result comes in, wouldn't you?

2006 Mirror (Eire ed.) (Nexis) 24 July 10 At first, I'd just put on £100,..but then it started creeping up into the thousands.

10. intransitive. slang. Of a cab or its driver: to join a rank. Also with complement (indicating the position of the cab in the rank). Cf. to put on —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1864 Times 18 Nov. 9/5 A cabman named Francis Williams said he had been in the habit of ‘putting on’ at complainant's rank.

1930 ‘A. Armstrong’ Taxi xii. 164 A driver will say he ‘put on sixth cab at the so-and-so’, meaning he came on the so-and-so rank when there were only five other cabs there.

†11. transitive. To impose (a fine or charge). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > impose as a charge

to charge1850

to put on1879

1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxi. 210 The fines were not fixed sums; the king could put on just what he liked.

1891 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 5/3 If any ‘brother’ comes out with profane language we put on a nominal fine.

12. transitive. To stage (a play, opera, etc.); (more generally) to present or organize (a public entertainment or event).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)]

enact1430

to set out1540

to bring (a person) on or to the stage1602

to bring on1768

to get up1782

to put up1832

stage1879

to put on1885

1885 J. K. Jerome On Stage 53 I have known a three-act comedy put on without any rehearsal at all, and with half the people not even knowing the patter.

1924 A. Huxley Let. 29 Apr. (1969) 229 Playfair..seems to think that it will make a very good entertainment and has some hopes of getting it put on for a run.

1951 M. Kennedy Lucy Carmichael v. i. 239 If I had that hall I'd put on a Walkathon.

1990 D. Shekerjian Uncommon Genius iii. xiv. 215 Ellen was putting on a show a week on a stage the size of a table.

2006 New Musical Express 28 Jan. 21/1 We used to put on our own gigs down here with all our favourite local bands.

13. transitive. To pass (a person) a telephone in order to talk with someone who is on the line; to connect (a person) to another on the telephone.

ΚΠ

1924 Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 14 Aug. 2 Yes, this is Underwood... All right. Put him on.

1969 N. Freeling Tsing-Boum xvi. 121 Ruth's here. I'll put her on in a sec.

1990 S. Schwartz Lives of Fathers (1991) 54 ‘She's still in her bathrobe.’ ‘Put her on.’ ‘She can't talk.’

to put out

1. transitive. To gouge out (an eye); to blind (an eye). Also figurative.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Num. (Claud.) xvi. 14 Wilt ðu, la, ut apytan ure eagan?]

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Domitian A.viii) anno 796 Ceolwulf Myrcna cing..gefeng Eadberht Præn,..& let him pytan ut his eagan & ceorfan of his hand.

c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3260 They bounde hym faste and putten [v.r. putte] out his eyen.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 20 (MED) The Philistienes..had put out his eyen & schauen his hed.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. kij^v/1 I shal..also put out thyn eyen.

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cviii Who toke Sidechias prisoner, & put out both hys eyes?

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 56/1 We shall se such gret villaneis, that they are inough to put out our eyes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 56 Will you put out mine eyes?.. Hub. I haue sworne to do it: And with hot Irons must I burne them out.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 33 Betray'd, Captiv'd, and both my Eyes put out .

1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 109 You are so robustious, you had like to put out my Eye.

1814 J. B. Scott Diary 6 Sept. in E. Mann Englishman at Home & Abroad (1930) iii. 69 Numbers of quails, whose eyes are put out to prevent them being afraid to chirp, are kept in cages.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 155 One of the hostages was brought close to the East Gate, and his eyes were put out in the sight of both armies.

1937 C. Carmer Hurricane's Children 105 He wore waistcoats that would put your eyes out.

1984 A. Carter Nights at Circus i. ii. 23 Her one eye, a sailor having put the other out with a broken bottle the year of the Great Exhibition.

1999 Renaissance No. 13. 44/1 (caption) Sharp spikes protruded from the inside of the doors [of the Iron Maiden], including two at face-level to put out the victim's eyes.

2. transitive.

a. To remove or turn out of office, employment, or possession; to depose, dismiss; to dispossess. Cf. to put out of —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]

outOE

deposec1300

remuec1325

to put out1344

to set downc1369

deprivec1374

outputa1382

removea1382

to throw outa1382

to put downc1384

privea1387

to set adowna1387

to put out of ——?a1400

amovec1425

disappoint1434

unmakec1475

dismiss1477

dispoint1483

voidc1503

to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546

relieve1549

cass1550

displace1553

unauthorize1554

to wring out1560

seclude1572

eject1576

dispost1577

decass1579

overboard1585

cast1587

sequester1587

to put to grass1589

cashier1592

discompose1599

abdicate1610

unseat1611

dismount1612

disoffice1627

to take off1642

unchair1645

destitute1653

lift1659

resign1674

quietus1688

superannuate1692

derange1796

shelve1812

shelf1819

Stellenbosch1900

defenestrate1917

axe1922

retire1961

1344 P.R.O.: 192.9580 in Middle Eng. Dict. at Bresten [Someone] putte out Margerie of hire heritage.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xxii. 19 I shal putten þee out fro þi stonding, & fro þi seruyse I shal depose þee.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 137 (MED) As ferforth as we conne caste, Theodorus putte out Wilfridus wrongfulliche.

c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 345 He deposid & put out the Mayre of London.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 22 And had nocht bene haly sanct Lowis the gude king of fraunce, the verray pape sanct jnnocent had bene put out vtterly.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxii^v Dysseysyn is proprely where a man entreth in ony landes or tenementes where his entre is not lefull, and putteth hym out that hath the fraunke [tenement].

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 He was baylyffe of the towne, but the lorde hath put hym out.

1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 195 The same day..that AB. Sancroft was put out.

1750 R. Bolton Justice of Peace for Irel. i. xliii. 244 The Justice of Peace may break open the House by Force, to reseize the same, and to put the Party, so put out, in Possession again.

1774 Decisions Court of Session till 1764 4 270 An assignee to a liferent-tack was found to have power to put tenants out and in.

1852 Amer. Law Reg. 1 120 The former owner..cannot claim such record in evidence of the State's title, in an action brought by the State to put him out.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Sept. 4/3 ‘If the Government don't put 'em (the planters) out, we will,’ said one of the men to me.

1964 R. Braddon Year Angry Rabbit x. 91 So what'd my Gary do to get himself knighted? Kill his dad, who was thinking next time of putting you [sc. the Government] out?

1999 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 26 Apr. 5 The policy principles..were put in place in September 1989, just before the council election that put Labour out.

b. (a) Cricket and Baseball to cause (a batter or runner) to be out (out adv. 3c); (b) Sport to cause to be out of a competition, to knock out.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > dismissal of batsman > put out [verb (transitive)]

to put out1735

take1828

to get out1833

remove1843

to send back1870

dismiss1875

out1899

get1901

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > put out

to put out1848

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win > put out of competition

eliminate1865

to put out1890

sideline1913

1735 London Evening Post 17 June Upon London's second Innings, four of them were put out before they headed the Country.

1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket iii. Argt. 17 Bryan is unfortunately put out by Kips.

1832 Brighton Gaz. 19 July 3/4 Mr. J. W. Osborne..did not give a chance, and was not put out in either innings.

1848 By-laws & Rules Knickerbocker Base Ball Club 13 A runner cannot be put out in making one base, when a balk is made by the pitcher.

1890 Field 24 May 776/2 Although nearly put out..in the fifth round, his steady shooting eventually enabled him to win.

1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch 107 Snodgrass was put out trying to get to third base.

1952 Times 27 May 9/4 The last six batsmen were put out for 47 runs in 50 minutes after luncheon.

1995 Vietnam News 25 Aug. 12/3 Legia Warsaw put out Gothenburg, who won their group in last season's Champions' League.

c. Originally (Boxing): to knock out. Later also more generally: to render unconscious, esp. with anaesthetic. Cf. out adv. 17e.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > knock down or out

to knock (formerly also hit, etc.) out of time1821

to send to dorse1822

dorse1825

to knock out1883

to put out1895

stop1895

K.O.1922

kayo1923

starch1930

1895 Washington Post 19 Nov. 8/4 (heading) Griffo–Gans match a fake. The former agreed beforehand not to put his opponent out.

1910 J. Driscoll Ringcraft iii. 84 I have..not infrequently put opponents ‘out’ with a blow on the neck.

1976 M. H. Clark Where are Children? xi. 61 Give her a needle to relax her but not to put her out.

2001 A. Solomon Noonday Demon (2002) iii. 121 A short-acting IV general anaesthetic is given, which will put the patient out completely for about ten minutes.

3. transitive.

a. To thrust, drive, or send out of a place; to expel or eject by force. Also figurative. Cf. output v. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excrete [verb (transitive)]

yetOE

to put outa1350

void1398

expelc1405

avoid1562

ejaculate1578

excern1578

regurgitate1578

egest1607

evacuate1607

vent1607

expurgate1621

excrete1669

pass1698

to put off1740

re-ejaculate1826

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > put outdoors

to put outa1350

to turn out1546

output1588

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > put out

outdoc1300

to do out of ——a1325

to put outa1350

outset?1533

output1588

to turn out1654

outshoveOE

to do out of ——OE

shovec1200

to put out of ——c1225

to cast out1297

void13..

usurpa1325

to put outa1350

outputa1382

outrayc1390

excludea1400

expulse?a1475

expel1490

to shut forth1513

to put forth1526

to turn out1546

depel?1548

disseisin1548

evict1548

exturb1603

debout1619

wincha1626

disseise1627

out-pusha1631

howster1642

oust1656

out1823

purge1825

the bum's rush1910

outplace1928

a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 260 (MED) Penaunce þe tid alle gate buen yput out at þe ȝate.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 99 (MED) Þe Saxones..putte out Gurmund, the Irische kyng, wiþ his Pictes.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 169 (MED) Alle þese þingis..ben comprehendid in..þe vttere wombe, in whiche ben lacertis for to helpe putte out [L. ad exprimendum] þe fecis & wijnd & vrine.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 2 Kings xiii. 17 Putte thou out [L. Eiice] this womman fro me, and close thou the dore aftir hir.

a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 29 (MED) After þat..þe mater is put out [L. Post..euacuationem], þou shalt rype the carbocle.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. lj Then he put them all out..and entred in.

1617 Lady A. Clifford Diary Jan. (1923) 48 He put out all that were there and my Lord and I kneeled by his chair sides.

1847 J. J. Oswandel Notes Mexican War (1885) i. 16 The police attempted to put them out when they cried out ‘Go in, Killers!’ ‘Go in, Killers!’ which caused a regular row.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 128 He is..put out by the constables.

1936 Hammond (Indiana) Times 10 Nov. 3/2 They entered the class-room..and refused to leave. They were put out by the police.

1988 Independent 4 Oct. 6/3 We have done this as humanely as possible. Nobody has been put out on the street.

b. To drive out, expel, dismiss (something immaterial).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away

feezec890

adriveeOE

aflemeeOE

off-driveeOE

flemeOE

withdrivec1000

adreveOE

to drive outOE

biwevea1300

chasec1300

void13..

catcha1325

firk1340

enchasec1380

huntc1385

to catch awayc1390

forcatch1393

to put offa1398

to cast awaya1400

to put outc1400

repel?a1439

exterminate1541

chasten1548

propulse1548

keir1562

hie1563

depulse1570

band1580

bandy1591

flit1595

ferret1601

profugate1603

extermine1634

c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 163 (MED) Parfit charite putteþ out drede.

a1450 (a1396) W. Hilton Eight Chapters on Perfection 23 (MED) Þat wondirful loue..is sufficient..for to put out her malice fro þe mynde of her soule.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iii. sig. c.vi Hym [sc. the man childe] lyked to put out all thy fraudes & decepcyons.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 238 The thoughts of this Booty put out all the thoughts of the first.

1914 Master Mind Mag. Oct. 17 You put out darkness by bringing in the light, and you put out evil memories by bringing in good ones.

2006 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 13 May 10 d All we need to do is..put out all thoughts of the postseason, or the next ACC team..and just go back to basics, one pitch at a time.

c. To displace (a bone) from its normal position in the joint; to dislocate, put out of joint; (also) to strain (the back); to experience pain or spasm in (the back). Cf. to throw out 16 at throw v.¹ Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > affect with disorder of joints [verb (transitive)] > dislocate

unjointa1393

twist?1515

dislocate1608

dislock1609

luxate1623

to put out1640

lux1708

slip1728

to throw out1885

pop1914

1640 J. Shirley St. Patrick v. sig. H^v I never knew any man strike the devill, but he put out his necke bone or his shoulder blade.

1658 R. Baxter Call to Unconverted 249 Some others have by their heedlesness sprained a sinnew or put out a bone.

?1747 Brit. Mag. 360 He struck up his Heels, and by the Violence of his fall put out his Shoulder.

1780 J. Woodforde Diary 15 July (1924) I. 289 John had a fall lately..and put out his shoulder bone, being a little merry.

c1820 M. M. Sherwood Penny Tract 8 (Houlston's Juv. Tr.) Francis..had the misfortune to put out his ancle.

1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 567/2 He put out his shoulder in one of the most dangerous deadlocks.

1949 W. G. Roelker Corr. B. Franklin & C. R. Greene ii. 38 Franklin confessed that he had put his shoulder out in another fall from his horse.

1980 J. O'Faolain No Country for Young Men xv. 319 Mary let her slip in the bath and she put her hip out.

1981 Daily Mail 30 May 11/3 (caption) Dick Slaney really put his back into picking up girls yesterday—while an unfortunate rival put his back out trying the same thing.

2006 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 13 Jan. One lad slipped on a cone and..landed on another lad and put his ankle out.

2014 L. Millar Hidden Girl 115 He was already shuffling one of the shelf units through the study doorway. If Will tried that, he'd put his back out.

4. transitive.

†a. (a) To express in speech or writing, to utter; (b) to vent or give expression to (an emotion) (rare). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter

leadOE

givec1175

tell?c1225

talkc1275

to set upa1325

to put outc1350

soundc1374

to give upc1386

pronouncea1393

cough1393

moutha1400

profera1400

forth withc1400

utterc1400

to put forth1535

display1580

vent1602

accent1603

respeak1604

vocalize1669

fetch1707

go1836

outen1951

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xliv. 1 (MED) Myn hert put out gode worde; y saye my werkes to þe kynge of glorie.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. e v ^v The first worde to the houndis that the hunt shall owt pit Is at the kenell doore when he openys it.

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Aiij^v Put out no puffes, nor thwackyng words Words of to large assyce.

1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 71^v No wanton word would she put out.

1888 ‘S. Tytler’ Blackhall Ghosts II. xix. 120 All his anger was put out on poor me.

b. To put into circulation; to publish, issue; to broadcast.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]

sowc888

blowc1275

dispeple1297

to do abroadc1300

fame1303

publyc1350

defamea1382

publisha1382

open?1387

proclaima1393

slandera1400

spreada1400

abroachc1400

throwc1400

to give outa1425

promote?a1425

noisec1425

publicc1430

noisec1440

divulgea1464

to put outc1475

skail1487

to come out witha1500

bruit1525

bruita1529

to bear out1530

divulgate1530

promulgate1530

propale?1530

ventilate1530

provulgate1535

sparple1536

sparse1536

promulge1539

disperse1548

publicate1548

forthtell1549

hurly-burly?1550

propagate1554

to set abroada1555

utter1561

to set forth1567

blaze1570

evulgate1570

scatter1576

rear?1577

to carry about1585

pervulgate1586

celebrate?1596

propalate1598

vent1602

evulge1611

to give forth1611

impublic1628

ventilate1637

disseminate1643

expose1644

emit1650

to put about1664

to send abroad1681

to get abroad1688

to take out1697

advertise1710

forward1713

to set abouta1715

circulate1780

broadcast1829

vent1832

vulgate1851

debit1879

float1883

society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)]

to put forth1482

to put out1529

to set forth1535

promulge1539

to set abroada1555

present1559

to set out1559

utter1561

divulge1566

publish1573

print?1594

emit1650

edition1715

edit1727

to give to the world1757

to get out1786

to send forth1849

to bring out1878

run1879

release1896

pub1932

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)]

utterc1483

to put forth1572

pass1579

to turn and wind1598

wind1598

vent1629

to put outa1719

expose1751

mobilize1864

monetarize1952

c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 64 (MED) Erippides..said vnto theim of Athenes whiche prayde him that he wolde put oute a sentence of a tragedie, [etc.].

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 223/1 Tyndal hath put out in hys own name another booke entitled Mammona.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iv. 351 To peruse those bookes of Citties, put out by Braunus, and Hogenbergius.

1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 141 There is a Primmer put out for the Quaker Children, by W. Smith.

a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. iii. 538 He put out a Coin, that on the reverse of it had a ship tossed on the waves to represent the Church.

1760 T. Brett Diss. Anc. Versions Bible 71 Afterwards he put out another Edition.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Specimens of Table Talk (1835) I. 162 There is a great decay of devotional unction in the numerous books of prayers put out now-a-days.

1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxxv, in Monthly Packet Apr. 317 Injunctions were put out this winter..against carrying candles on Candlemas Day.

1957 BBC Handbk. 136 These transmissions [of colour television]..were put out in the London area.

1965 G. Melly Owning-up xi. 135 His version of ‘Rock Island Line’..was put out as a single and rose to be top of the Hit Parade.

1996 J. Guinn & A. Grieser Something in Blood i. 9 Since 1990 I'd been putting out this little vampire fanzine called VAMPS.

2002 L. Purves Radio (2003) i. 13 The broadcasters often put out stern warnings to residents in certain streets to stop causing interference to their neighbours.

c. To distribute or make available for purchase; to introduce into or place on the market.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale > establish or promote (a product)

launch1870

to put out1883

market1922

package1946

1883 Colman's Rural World (St. Louis, Missouri) 15 Nov. 4/2 They can therefore put out their product and reap a good profit.

1922 Milk Dealer Nov. 73 The milk company..had planned to put out a chocolate milk.

1973 E. A. Clasen in Social Marketing 199 You cannot put out a product that meets every standard in the marketplace.

2001 Business Week 2 July 71/3 Nike insisted on putting out its own Nike brand of skates.

a. transitive. To stretch out or extend (a part of the body, esp. a hand); to cause to stick out, jut out, or project.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully

to put forthc1300

thrustc1374

to put outa1382

proferc1400

outstretcha1425

to hold out1535

outhold1550

push1581

intend1601

stick1607

protrude1638

poke1700

blurt1818

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iii. 22 Now þenn lest parauentour he putte out his honde & take also of þe tree of lyf.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 175 (MED) Þe paume hath powere to put [v.r. pittyn] oute alle þe ioyntes, And to vnfolde þe folden fuste.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxxviii. E The one put out his hande.

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cvij^v Mycterismus. Subsannatio, a skornyng by some testure [perh. read gesture] of the face, as by wrythinge the nose, putting out the tonge.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 28 Let each take some: Nay put out all your hands.

1662 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 120 The Fowler stands before the bird, and if hee put out an arm, the bird stretcheth out a wing.

1728 J. Arbuthnot Acct. State of Learning in Lilliput 16 At that..he put out his Under-Lip.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued IV. xxiii. 213 He did not skate with a stump leg,..but put out a broad foot with which he could have a good flat tread.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vi. 126 When she put out her hand to save a pirn, it perked up in her face in the form of a pistol.

1889 F. M. Crawford Greifenstein I. vii. 203 Putting out his hand to prevent the act.

1943 G. Greene Ministry of Fear ii. ii. 152 Johns put out a weak hand and laid it on the newspapers.

1998 A. Warner Sopranos 201 He put his tongue out and there was a silver stud in the middle towards the tip.

†b. intransitive. U.S. Of a river or piece of land: to extend or stretch out, esp. in relation to a specified point; to jut out. Cf. sense 6c. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > extend in a certain direction

liec1000

shootc1000

drawc1180

stretcha1387

streek1388

bear1556

trend1598

tend1604

take1610

to make out1743

to put out1755

trench1768

make1787

1755 in New Jersey Archives XIX. 532 One Mile from Shrewsbury River, and about three Quarters of a Mile from a good Landing that puts out of said River.

1840 C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer I. 116 A ledge of bald rock to the left yonder..puts out from the ridge.

1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds 311 Commenced the ascent of the Buckskin, a low range of partially-wooded hills, putting out across the plateau nearly to the Colorado.

1912 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 3 Apr. 6/6 We sailed from St. Pierre and rounded the rocky promintory [sic] that puts out into the sea.

6. transitive.

a. To place or set in an accessible, visible, or exposed position, or so as to be available for use.

ΚΠ

c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3732 And at the wyndow out she putte [v.r. pitte] hir hole.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 193^v (MED) Clanse it & putte it out to þe sunne to dryen for to þe watir be al wastid awey.

1566 in S. Young Ann. Barber-surgeons London (1890) 181 No Barber shall..put out any bason or basons..upon his poule on Sundays or Holy days.

1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 741 Making a strong corps of garde, and putting out good centinels.

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 265 The Cramp..so often kills those [sc. Turkeys] kept in the House, when they are put out in the Dew.

1773 Art of tanning & currying Leather 194 When perched, they [sc. sheepskins] are put out to dry, oiled on the grain,..and brightened.

1790 J. Macdonald Trav. Europe, Asia, & Afr. 194 I opened up my little case with wine, and put it on the table... I put out the travelling-pye, and the gentleman had another.

1831 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 68 Having put out my dresses for my favourite Portia for to-night.

1879 ‘Cavendish’ Card Ess. 69 He put out four cards and took in the stock.

1926 N.Y. Times 30 May xx. 9 In northern Yucatan he found Indians putting out bowls of posole (a drink made of corn) as offerings to the Wind God.

1962 I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose iii. xiv. 130 Each night she put out the milk for her hedgehogs.

1990 Sunday Mirror 4 Feb. 28 Rushing round getting ready for an interview I couldn't find the bra I had put out.

b. To unfurl, hang out, display (a flag, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [verb (transitive)] > fly or hoist flags, etc.

stretchc1400

to put outa1450

show1488

wear1558

to set out1573

to set up1585

to put abroad1625

fly1655

hoist1697

rehoist1765

run1815

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1973 Pryd, put out þi penon of raggys and of rowte.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xi. 46 b The port, at the entring wherof were put out all the flags..of our gallies.

1624 G. Carleton Thankfull Remembrance Gods Mercy v. 47 They put out a white flagge and demaunded parley.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 14 When he had put out the Colours of St. Mark, we shewed ours.

1705 Boston News-let. 16 Apr. 2/2 The other Sloop also put out French Colours, & came so near as to Nail Fowles.

1748 J. Campbell Lives Admirals II. iv. 175 Immediately Sir Robert went on board The Fanfan, and put out his Flag.

1863 W. D. Bickham Rosecrans' Campaign with 14th Army Corps xxxii. 347 Some of them prepared to put out a white flag.

1871 Appletons' Jrnl. 22 July 99 From their windows hung the flags of all the European nations. We had seen them put out in the afternoon.

1911 Mansfield (Ohio) News 3 Feb. 1/1 American and other foreign flags were at once put out by the foreign residents.

1944 D. Thomas Let. 27 July (1987) 517 They worshipped dogs there, too, and when a pom was born in one house the woman put out the Union Jack.

2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 8 June 42 The next day we drove home and our neighbours had put out bunting in the streets: it was like the Coronation.

7. transitive.

†a. To put an end to; to destroy, abolish, obliterate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to

undoc950

shendOE

forfarea1000

endc1000

to do awayOE

aquenchc1175

slayc1175

stathea1200

tinea1300

to-spilla1300

batec1300

bleschea1325

honisha1325

leesea1325

wastec1325

stanch1338

corrumpa1340

destroy1340

to put awayc1350

dissolvec1374

supplanta1382

to-shend1382

aneantizec1384

avoidc1384

to put outa1398

beshenda1400

swelta1400

amortizec1405

distract1413

consumec1425

shelfc1425

abroge1427

downthringc1430

kill1435

poisonc1450

defeat1474

perish1509

to blow away1523

abrogatea1529

to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529

dash?1529

to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531

put in the pot1531

wipea1538

extermine1539

fatec1540

peppera1550

disappoint1563

to put (also set) beside the saddle1563

to cut the throat of1565

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to make a hand of (also on, with)1569

demolish1570

to break the neck of1576

to make shipwreck of1577

spoil1578

to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579

cipher1589

ruinate1590

to cut off by the shins1592

shipwreck1599

exterminate1605

finish1611

damnify1612

ravel1614

braina1616

stagger1629

unrivet1630

consummate1634

pulverizea1640

baffle1649

devil1652

to blow up1660

feague1668

shatter1683

cook1708

to die away1748

to prove fatal (to)1759

to knock up1764

to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834

to put the kibosh on1834

to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835

kibosh1841

to chaw up1843

cooper1851

to jack up1870

scuttle1888

to bugger up1891

jigger1895

torpedo1895

on the fritz1900

to put paid to1901

rot1908

down and out1916

scuppera1918

to put the skids under1918

stonker1919

liquidate1924

to screw up1933

cruel1934

to dig the grave of1934

pox1935

blow1936

to hit for six1937

to piss up1937

to dust off1938

zap1976

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 277 His [sc. goottes] galle putteþ oute [L. depellitur] dymnesse of yhen.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 84 (MED) I ordeynede my sone a seruaunt..þat þe inobedience of Adam schulde be putt out.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) ix. 12 Their renown, which seem'd so like to last, Thou dost put out.

a1661 T. Fuller Life H. Smith in H. Smith Serm. (1675) sig. A4^v Those who..bury their Talents in the ground, putting them out because they will not put them out, extinguishing their Abilities because they will not imploy them.

?1701 W. Hope Addit. Representation to Parl. 3 He had almost put out her Life with his Feet.

1756 M. Calderwood in Scotsman (1884) 13 Dec. 9/6 To see the odds of clergymen in one country from another..entirely puts out bigotry.

1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 180 An odour which put out the former perfume.

1890 Field 24 May 776/3 A sharp left-hander put out Mr. Ellis's chance.

b. To extinguish (something burning, or giving off light); to douse; to turn off (an electric light). Also figurative and in figurative contexts.Formerly also: †(of a light) to be so bright as to render (a dimmer light) invisible, to eclipse (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light)

aquenchc1000

quenchOE

to do outa1425

extinct1483

to put outa1500

out-quencha1522

dout1526

pop1530

extinguish1551

to put forth1598

snuff1688

douse1753

douse1780

smoor1808

to turn out1844

outen1877

to turn off1892

to black out1913

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)]

aquenchc1000

quenchc1175

sleckc1175

slockena1300

bleschea1325

sleckena1340

sleaka1400

asteyntea1450

stancha1450

mesec1480

slockc1480

extinct1483

redd1487

to put outa1500

out-quencha1522

squench1535

extinguish1551

out1629

smoor1721

douse1842

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 348 Ofte..the devel putteth out the fire of charitee.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Liiii No wynde ne rayne coude quenche it ne put it out.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 Rake up the fyre and put out the candell.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxix. xxxi. 732 Unlesse they put out this sparkle of fire betimes,..it will be their chaunce to be caught therewith.

a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) i. ii. 8 Her nose the candle... Put out your nose good Lady. You burn day-light.

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. Ep. Ded. sig. A6^v It is your Glory, that you like not so to shine, as to put out the least Star.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 58. ⁋1 All my idle Flames are extinguish'd, as you may observe, ordinary Fires are often put out by the Sunshine.

1757 B. Franklin Poor Richard xxv. 1290 Scarlet, Silk and Velvet, have put out the Kitchen Fire.

1816 B. Waterhouse Jrnl. Young Man Mass. (1911) xii. 381 There was an order that all lights should be put out by eight o'clock at night in every prison.

1889 A. Sergeant Esther Denison i. x A draught from the door put out the candles.

1909 Chatterbox 111/1 Here's the hot-water can..nip with it to the galley before the cook puts his fire out.

1958 ‘J. Castle’ & A. Hailey Flight into Danger xi. 154 Put out your runway lights, except zero-eight.

1992 Rolling Stone 10 Dec. 130/3 It was easier to go and sit in at a lunch counter all day and let a lighted cigarette get put out in your hair.

†c. To strike out or delete (something written or drawn); to erase; (hence) to remove or expunge from a text or document. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > writing, etc.

deface1340

razea1393

blot1530

to put out1530

delete1540

dispunct1570

obliterate1578

expunct1596

expunge1602

erase1605

dele1612

dispunge1622

retrench1645

liturate1656

excise1663

to scratch out1712

efface1737

extrapolate1831

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 There was a writynge upon his grave, but the weather hath put it out.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 Here was a horse properly paynted, but all his heed is put out.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms l[i]. 9 Turne thy face fro my synnes, and put out all my myszdedes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 103 He sent to the foure Bishops againe, that they should put out that poynt of restitution.

1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 356 When he portraiteth the picture he putteth out the first lines [= outlines].

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Obelise,..to make a long stroke in writing, to signifie somewhat to be put out.

a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1710) II. 312 The Constantinopolitan Bishops put a patre into the Creed, the Western Churches filioque..; Leo III put it out, and Nicolaus put it in again, and so arose the schism.

1795 Trials High Treason 1794 (ed. 2) 219 The paper is to be read as it is; and, if there are words put out, or words put in, without striking out, the whole of the paper must be read and seen.

c1859 in S. M. Schmucker Life & Times George Washington App. ii. 395 In some places..sentences and words put out, and others put in their place.

d. British slang. To kill (a person). Cf. to put out of the way at way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 2h(c)(i). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > murder or assassinate [verb (transitive)]

amurderOE

murderc1175

homicidec1470

murdresc1480

murtrish1490

manquell1548

slaughter1582

massacre1591

assassinate1600

remove1609

assassin1620

to do the business for a person1759

Septembrize1794

croak1823

square1888

shift1898

to take out1900

to bump off1907

bump1914

to do in1914

to put out1917

to knock off1919

terminate1920

to give (a person) the works1929

scrag1930

snuff1932

wash1941

waste1964

wipe1968

to terminate with extreme prejudice1969

neutralize1970

snuff1973

stiff1974

1917 W. Owen Let. 25 Apr. (1967) 452 For twelve days we lay in holes, where at any moment a shell might put us out.

1935 E. Wallace & R. Curtis Mouthpiece xvii. 225 That's the offer the gentleman made—five hundred quid to put you out and keep me mouth shut.

1975 ‘E. Lathen’ By Hook or by Crook xii. 114 The minute his stomach started acting up, he would've been yelling for the cops. He had to be put out fast.

a. transitive. To bring into play, to employ, exercise; to exert. Cf. to put forth 3 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] > put in effective operation

yieldc1315

underbear1382

to put forthc1390

showa1398

apply?c1400

to put outc1400

exercisec1405

to put toc1410

employ?1473

enforce1490

exerce1535

adhibit?1538

addict1562

endeavour?1575

work1591

address1598

to give stream to?1611

to lay out1651

exsert1665

exert1682

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. i. 116 (MED) For pride þat he put out, his peyne haþ non ende.

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 To Putt out voce or strenght, exero.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 147 Pray you put vp your dagger, and put out your wit.

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. iv. 23 in Wks. II With purpose, yet, to put him out I hope To his best vse?

1667 Guthrie's Christian's Great Interest (ed. 4) 117 Unless a man..put out faith in Christ Jesus..he cannot be saved.

1755 Guthrie's Trial 167 The spirit of God whose proper work it is to put out the foresaid noble operations.

1856 Titan Mag. July 4/1 I'm not putting out my strength.

1887 H. S. Holland Christ or Eccles. (1888) 96 God..would put out His strength to correct, to righten, to redeem.

1952 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 17 Apr. 16/6 ‘I'm giving it my best shot now,’ he says firmly. ‘I'm putting out every last ounce.’

1982 A. Tyler Dinner at Homesick Restaurant (1983) iv. 117 Like she can't be bothered putting out the effort. Not a bit of lipstick, and those crayony black lines around her eyes.

2006 Time Out N.Y. 12 Jan. 8/1 To put out minimal effort while coasting to retirement.

b. intransitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To exert oneself; to bring effort or energy to bear.

ΚΠ

1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling 397 Pity hit take a thing like this to make you put out.

1961 Ada (Okla.) Evening News 3 Aug. 7/5 The players have been putting out for him and that's about all that Manager Sam Mele can expect.

1995 Arena Dec. 15/2 The good name of Arena meant that quite a few of us put out for him, and offered ourselves for audiences with the guy.

9. transitive.

†a. To thwart, foil, baffle (a person). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat

shendc893

overwinOE

overheaveOE

mate?c1225

to say checkmatea1346

vanquishc1366

stightlea1375

outrayc1390

to put undera1393

forbeat1393

to shave (a person's) beardc1412

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

adawc1440

supprisec1440

to knock downc1450

to put to the worsta1475

waurc1475

convanquish1483

to put out1485

trima1529

convince1548

foil1548

whip1571

evict1596

superate1598

reduce1605

convict1607

defail1608

cast1610

banga1616

evince1620

worst1646

conquer1655

cuffa1657

trounce1657

to ride down1670

outdo1677

routa1704

lurcha1716

fling1790

bowl1793

lick1800

beat1801

mill1810

to row (someone) up Salt River1828

defeat1830

sack1830

skunk1832

whop1836

pip1838

throw1850

to clean out1858

take1864

wallop1865

to sock it to1877

whack1877

to clean up1888

to beat out1893

to see off1919

to lower the boom on1920

tonk1926

clobber1944

ace1950

to run into the ground1955

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. liij/2 He beyng put out alle fro hys purpose, toke leue of the kyng.

b. To cause to lose one's self-possession; to disconcert, discompose; to confuse; to embarrass.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > disconcert

blemish1544

blank1548

to put out1598

unsettle1644

disconcert1695

to put off1909

to put (someone) off (his) strokea1914

to bend (a person) out of shape1955

to throw off1978

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 102 Euer and anon they made a doubt, Presence maiesticall would put him out .

1653 J. Shirley Sisters ii. 13 I think her impudence will make him blush, And put him out.

1769 I. Bickerstaff & S. Foote Dr. Last i. xiv. 23 They only does this to put me out now, because I'm no collegian.

1820 M. Edgeworth Let. 19 Aug. (1979) 216 They had not expected us..but M. de Staël is remarkably well-bred..and this did not put him out at all.

a1849 E. A. Poe Diddling in Wks. (1864) IV. 268 He is never seduced into a flurry. He is never put out.

1886 R. C. Praed Miss Jacobsen's Chance II. xiii. 203 You are so cool and composed, and nothing puts you out.

1939 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. VI. 173 Stoic and Epicurean philosophers..apparently were not put out by the incongruity between their rotativist conception of the nature of Reality and their ethical aim of Detachment.

1985 R. Carver Fires 176 They weren't embarrassed or put out by any of the activities that went on in our house.

†c. To cause (a person) to be distracted or interrupted in a course of action, speech, etc.; to cause to perform badly, make a mistake, or lose concentration. Cf. to put off 7d at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)]

letc888

shrenchc897

forstanda1000

amarOE

disturbc1290

impeachc1380

stopc1380

withstandc1385

hinder1413

accloy1422

hindc1426

to hold abackc1440

appeachc1460

impeditec1535

inhibit1535

obstacle1538

damp1548

trip1548

embarrass1578

dam1582

to clip the wings ofa1593

unhelp1598

uppen1600

straiten1607

rub1608

impediment1610

impedea1616

to put out1616

to put off1631

scote1642

obstruct1645

incommodiate1650

offend1651

sufflaminate1656

hindrance1664

disassist1671

clog1679

muzzle1706

squeeze1804

to take the wind out of the sails of1822

throttle1825

block1844

overslaugh1853

snag1863

gum1901

slow-walk1965

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)]

fortogglea1300

to call away1529

scatter1530

forhale1579

to draw away1586

diffuse?1587

to call off1606

divert1609

to put out1616

avoke1623

disjoint1628

to take a person out of himself (herself, etc.)1631

to draw off1646

divertise1648

to take off1670

dissipate1684

to turn off1741

to throw out1821

to turn away1848

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc.

withdraw1340

distractc1380

waive1390

wresta1400

to turn aside1535

avocate1543

detract1548

to turn off1573

take1574

swaya1593

to put out1616

to put off1631

sidetrack1887

to turn off1951

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. iii, in Wks. I. 536 He will salute..a lady when she is dauncing in a masque, and put her out .

1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master iv. i My aunt is here, and she will put me out: you know I cannot dance before her.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. v. iv. 137 She was playing one of her Father's favourite Tunes..when the Muff fell over her Fingers, and put her out .

1771 Trial Atticus before Justice Beau 51 I have stood a long time in astonishment to hear the Lawyer talk, but held my tongue that he might not twit me of putting him out again.

1831 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 53 They put us out terribly in one scene by forgetting the bench on which I have to sit down.

1890 Sat. Rev. 9 Aug. 165/1 The bill-brokers..are therefore put out in their calculations.

1910 E. Nesbit Magic City iv. 106 I wish you wouldn't interrupt, Master Philip. You put me out.

d. To cause to lose one's equanimity; to distress, upset; (in later use esp.) to annoy, irritate, vex. Usually in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]

gremec893

grillc897

teenOE

mispay?c1225

agrillec1275

oftenec1275

tarya1300

tarc1300

atenec1320

enchafec1374

to-tarc1384

stingc1386

chafe?a1400

pokec1400

irec1420

ertc1440

rehete1447

nettlec1450

bog1546

tickle1548

touch1581

urge1593

aggravate1598

irritate1598

dishumour1600

to wind up1602

to pick at ——1603

outhumour1607

vex1625

bloody1633

efferate1653

rankle1659

spleen1689

splenetize1700

rile1724

roil1742

to put out1796

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

roughen1837

acerbate1845

to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846

nag1849

to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859

frump1862

rattle1865

to set up any one's bristles1873

urticate1873

needle1874

draw1876

to rough up1877

to stick pins into1879

to get on ——1880

to make (someone) tiredc1883

razoo1890

to get under a person's skin1896

to get a person's goat1905

to be on at1907

to get a person's nanny1909

cag1919

to get a person's nanny-goat1928

cagmag1932

peeve1934

tick-off1934

to get on a person's tits1945

to piss off1946

bug1947

to get up a person's nose1951

tee1955

bum1970

tick1975

1796 F. Burney Camilla V. x. xiv. 542 I can't say but what I'm a little put out, that Indiana should forget poor Mrs. Margland.

1822 C. Lamb Let. 20 Mar. (1935) II. 319 Deaths over-set one and put one out long after the recent grief.

1871 Mrs. H. Wood Dene Hollow III. ii. 24 Sir Dene [was]..thoroughly put out with the ex-captain.

1930 Punch 2 Apr. 376/1 They often began like that when they were rather put out with one another.

1960 B. Crowther Hollywood Rajah xiii. 210 Mayer's associates, even some he thought his closest, were seriously put out with him.

1994 Wedding & Home June 103/1 Apart from being a bit put out because he hadn't whisked me off to a luxury hotel, we just argued the whole week about little things.

e. To put (a person) to trouble or inconvenience. Frequently reflexive and in negative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > inconvenience > affect with inconvenience [verb (transitive)]

trouble1516

misease1530

incommodatea1575

inconveniencea1656

run1697

incommode1702

disannul1794

disconvenience1821

to put about1825

to put out1851

to jerk around1877

to bugger about1921

to dick around1944

to fuck around1955

to bugger around1961

to screw around1967

to fuck about1975

to cock around1990

to dick about1996

to cock about2009

1851 R. F. Burton Scinde II. xix. 129 The khan did not put himself out to come and meet us.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. xvi. 290 Don't you lose heart because he won't put himself out for you.

1880 J. Payn Confidential Agent I. 154 Stephen..was not the man to ‘put himself out’—that is to say, to make the least sacrifice of independence.

1915 J. Turner Let. 19 Apr. in C. Warren Somewhere in France (2019) 7 My dear little sister..do not, I beg of you, so put yourself out because a fellow goes out of his way to write a glowing acknowledgement of them [sc. deReszke cigarettes].

1934 L. Charteris Boodle i. 19 I don't want to put you out at all, but it's getting a bit late.

1966 G. Jackson Let. 20 Oct. in Soledad Brother (1971) 101 I wanted to know if I was going to remain here..before I asked you to put yourself out in sending it.

1994 J. Galloway Foreign Parts viii. 124 Cassie put her hands in her pockets and pretended to glare at the frog. I'm putting myself out for you here.

10. transitive.

(a) To send (one's child) to be nursed by another woman; (more generally) to place (a person, esp. a child) away from home to be cared for, as an apprentice, etc. Frequently with to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another > specifically a person > away from his or its home

to put out1533

1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. iv. ix. f. ccxv The fathers and the mothers oftentymes put out theyr chyldren to other folke to nurse.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. iv. sig. H3^v As some weake breasted dame Giueth her infant, puts it out to nurse.

1676 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. II. 227 For the placing out of poor Children of the said Parish of St. Giles, to be Apprentices, whereof two to be put out every year—200 l.

1706 Boston News-let. 11 Feb. 2/2 Any person that wants to put out a Child a Nursing on the Breast, may repair unto John Campbell Post-Master of Boston.

1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Bromsgrove A ch[arity] s[chool]..for teaching, cloathing, and putting out 12 boys apprentices.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby lx. 594 The child was put out to nurse a long way off, his mother never saw him.

1869 W. Longman Hist. Edward III I. xix. 343 Their children were often put out to wet nurse with the native Irish.

1913 Times 14 May 10/2 A statute was passed forbidding parents to put out a son or daughter as an apprentice unless they..had 20 shillings a year in land or rent.

1975 M. Hewitt Wives & Mothers in Victorian Industry x. 145 Operatives put out their first child to be nursed while the mother returned to the mill.

1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Apr. 41/2 Jonno Lynch, a wild outcast lad put out to fosterage, shows him how to steal apples.

(b) To send (an animal) out to feed, esp. to graze, or for exercise, etc.; to send (a domestic pet) out of the house, esp. at night.to put out to pasture: see pasture n. 6. to put out to grass: see grass n.¹ Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > pasture

leasowc950

feed1382

pasturec1400

grassc1500

graze1564

to put out1600

summer1601

impasture1614

depasture1713

run1767

range1816

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [verb (transitive)] > put out dog or cat

to put out1917

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 414 There were the labouring beasts put out to grasse & pasture.

1639 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 65 Every Swyne that shalbe put out at liberty shalbe well and sufficiently Ringed.

?1715 Gentleman's Compl. Jockey 67 Thus having fitted him for the Field, put him out in a warm, dry day.

1789 G. Campbell tr. Four Gospels II. 313 Having put out his sheep, he walketh before them.

1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ix. 79 Meaning to remain some time in a certain town to which he came, the Captain had his horse put out to pasture.

1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 i. 25 In the morning she [sc. a cow] was put out to grass.

1917 D. F. Canfield Understood Betsy ii. 46 Mother, did you put Shep out?

1925 P. G. Wodehouse Carry on, Jeeves ii. 40 When he has put the cat out and locked up the office for the night, he just relapses into a state of coma.

1987 Nat. World Winter 16 (caption) Pigs are put out for pannage in the autumn.

2005 R. Tope Cotswold Killing xiv. 195 She didn't think she'd put the dogs out..for a bedtime widdle—but it seemed to her now that she must have done.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)]

setc725

planteOE

impc1420

enroot1490

implant1610

to put in1657

to plant out1664

to put out1699

to stop in1826

to put down1865

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > plant out

to put out1699

to plant out1793

1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 204 The Orangery, or Winter Conservatory..contains 3000 Cases of greens... They did not think fitting to put them out this Year till the latter end of May.

1851 E. C. Gaskell Let. 7 Apr. (1966) 149 We are sowing very few annuals this year..& relying on putting out the greenhouse things for a summer show.

1892 Field 17 Sept. 442/2 To raise plants from seed, and..[have] a vigorous healthy stock to put out annually.

1942 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 22 168 He..entered the number of thousand of tobacco plants put out.

2001 Org. Gardening Jan. 20/2 If you are going to risk it outdoors, hold off the transplanting until May, then put them out under large cloches.

b. To pay out (money) with the expectation of profit; to lend at interest; to invest. In later use also: to expend, spend.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest

improve1461

occupy1465

to put out1572

vie1598

put1604

stock1683

sink1699

place1700

vest1719

fund1778

embark1832

to put forth1896

1572 T. Wilson Disc. Vsurye f. 90 Suche of the Cleargie, as put out their money for vsurie,..shalbee degraded from all theire degrees of ecclesiasticall office.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 198 No meane Lordes..and Gentlemen in our Court had in like sort put out money upon a horserace.

1690 E. Gee Jesuit's Mem. 230 The said Dowry..is put out to Rent, and assurance given for it.

1734 J. Ward Introd. Math. (ed. 6) ii. xii. 254 What Principal or Sum of Money must be put (or Let) out to Raise a Stock of 385l. 13s. 7½d.?

1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 248 Employing it to do good is to put it out to the highest interest.

1806 Times 22 Jan. 3/4 The money received has been uniformly put out at interest for the benefit of the fund.

1884 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 13 Sept. If the opposing candidate did not have a rich father-in-law, who will put out money freely.

1931 Economist 1 Aug. 210/1 In the total due to foreigners the chief changes were a reduction of $164 millions in foreign funds ‘put out’ in American acceptances.

1950 N. Cassady Let. 7 Nov. (2005) 192 If I stay here..I'll have to now put out $1 a day for another room..so where do I gain?

1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 26 Sept. b2/1 No lender can be said to be under pressure to put his money out.

2007 S. Florida Sun-Sentinel (Nexis) 24 Jan. There's no cap on coaches' salaries and Jones won't hesitate to put out the money for the man he wants.

c. To arrange for (work) to be done off the premises or ‘out of house’ (by contractors, freelancers, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > send work off premises

to put out1653

farm1666

contract1897

subcontract1898

subbie1983

1653 R. Verney Let. in M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family Commonwealth (1894) iv. 112 I will keepe but one woeman kind, who must wash my small Linnen (bed & board linnen shall bee put out).

1745 E. Montagu Let. in E. J. Climenson Elizabeth Montagu (1906) I. 225 He is to have..six pounds wages the first year... He is to put out his washing.

1770 A. Young Course Exper. Agric. I. i. i. 188 When men are sought for, they will take advantage of every circumstance; and, besides the imposition which they always practise when new kinds of work is [sic] put out to them, they [etc.].

1834 New Monthly Mag. 42 117 The farmer has availed himself of the power..to put out, as it is termed, the reaping of his wheat.

1853 Times 5 May 3/5 The work was put out to men residing in villages; if the work was badly done a deduction was made.

1884 I. Banks Sybilla III. 49 Mrs. Price did not put out her washing.

1932 C. K. Rogers Story Two Lives ii. 7 She had put out the work she was engaged to do.

1976 Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pa.) 4 May 1/3 Buffone put the work out to anyone and everyone.

1991 Metalworking Production Sept. q7 (caption) In-house calibration of plunger and level dial gauges—better for users than the delay and cost of putting out calibration.

11.

a. Nautical.

(a) intransitive. To set off from the land; to go out to sea; to set out on a voyage. Cf. sense 9c.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage

to go to seac900

to take the seac1275

to go or fere to (the) saila1375

sail1387

to make saila1500

to set sail1513

lance1526

launch1534

to put off1582

to put out?1587

to put forth1604

to come to sail1633

underweigh1891

to take sail1904

?1587 R. Leng True Descr. Voy. Sir F. Drake (1863) 14 We all put out to sea..: videlicet..the Golden Lyon, vize-admirall; the Dreade-naughte, reare admirall [etc.].

1598 W. Phillip tr. Descr. Voy. E. Indies 11 We put out with a North wind, the Bay stretching Northeast and Southwest.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 191 If any ship put out, then straight away.

1672 C. Manners in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 25 Our Navy puts out again to sea stronger than at first.

1708 D. Jones Compl. Hist. Europe 1707 342 They put out from Plymouth on the 9th, and next day fell in with the Dunkirk and Brest Squadron.

1764 E. Seymour Compl. Hist. Eng. I. 137 The master was ordered immediately to weigh anchor, which he declined, alledging, the hazard of putting out to sea in such squally and boisterous weather.

1848 T. B. Macaulay Armada in Lays Anc. Rome (new ed.) 165 Many a light fishing-bark put out to pry along the coast.

1860 All Year Round 21 July 344 The life-boat can brave storms in which a coast-guard boat or fisher boat could not venture to put out.

1941 N. M. Gunn Silver Darlings iv. 82 From every cottage door within sight, eyes watched the fleet of boats as in the late afternoon they put out to sea.

1994 Chapman No. 77. 76 My grandmother grew up with..the fishing boats putting out and returning.

(b) transitive. To launch (a vessel); to send off from land, or from a larger vessel; to take out to sea.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > put out a (boat or ship)

to put out1621

to put off1639

to set out1694

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania iv. 531 They perceiued a Squire to put out the long Boat and make towards them.

1671 Voy. Spitzbergen i. i. 4 in Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) We saw a Whale not far off from our Ship, we put out four Boats from on board after him.

1728 P. Aubin Life & Adventures Young Count Albertus iv. 73 Having made a Fire, they left him, and went to put out their Boat.

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 353 The Prince Frederick privateer being the nearest vessel, put out her boats.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. ii. 14 Through the deep brine ye fearless may put out Your vessel.

1864 Times 30 Mar. 9/4 The only thing that could be done was to put out the boats and to obtain assistance from shore.

1919 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 12 Nov. 4/4 There was no single hitch in putting out the boats and abandoning ship.

1986 Today's Guide Apr. 11/2 Small rowing boats..were put out from the large ships.

2005 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 3 Jan. His 22-year-old daughter pleaded with him to put out his boat.

b. intransitive. Chiefly U.S. To depart, leave, esp. in haste; to make off; to set out for. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away suddenly or hastily

fleec825

runOE

swervea1225

biwevec1275

skip1338

streekc1380

warpa1400

yerna1400

smoltc1400

stepc1460

to flee (one's) touch?1515

skirr1548

rubc1550

to make awaya1566

lope1575

scuddle1577

scoura1592

to take the start1600

to walk off1604

to break awaya1616

to make off1652

to fly off1667

scuttle1681

whew1684

scamper1687

whistle off1689

brush1699

to buy a brush1699

to take (its, etc.) wing1704

decamp1751

to take (a) French leave1751

morris1765

to rush off1794

to hop the twig1797

to run along1803

scoot1805

to take off1815

speela1818

to cut (also make, take) one's lucky1821

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

absquatulize1829

mosey1829

absquatulate1830

put1834

streak1834

vamoose1834

to put out1835

cut1836

stump it1841

scratch1843

scarper1846

to vamoose the ranch1847

hook1851

shoo1851

slide1859

to cut and run1861

get1861

skedaddle1862

bolt1864

cheese it1866

to do a bunkc1870

to wake snakes1872

bunk1877

nit1882

to pull one's freight1884

fooster1892

to get the (also to) hell out (of)1892

smoke1893

mooch1899

to fly the coop1901

skyhoot1901

shemozzle1902

to light a shuck1905

to beat it1906

pooter1907

to take a run-out powder1909

blow1912

to buzz off1914

to hop it1914

skate1915

beetle1919

scram1928

amscray1931

boogie1940

skidoo1949

bug1950

do a flit1952

to do a scarper1958

to hit, split or take the breeze1959

to do a runner1980

to be (also get, go) ghost1986

1835 Niles' Reg. 22 Aug. 436 Apprehending judge Lynch's law, he put out in a hurry. He was pursued and caught.

1856 G. D. Brewerton War in Kansas 42 We ‘put out’ in search of fire and a shelter.

1919 Outing Mar. 293/1 Then he started, saw us,..and put out for the bush with every indication of panic.

1932 Somerset Year Bk. 47/2 He put out for hooäm so vast as ur could.

1968 Amer. Speech 43 217 He [sc. the trapper] was always..just puttin' out for elsewhere.

12.

a. intransitive. Of a leaf, bud, etc.: to sprout, to appear, come out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth > of bud, etc.

to put forth1594

to put out1603

pullulate1618

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 585 What els hath given Poets occasion..to compare it [sc. the life of man] unto the leaves of trees, which put out in the Spring season, fade and fall againe in Autumne.

1696 J. Cockburn Enq. into Nature, Necessity, & Evid. Christian Faith vi. 47 In some [plants] the Flower puts out first, in most others it is last.

1754 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 4) II. at Kiggelaria In the Spring of the Year these Leaves fall off a little before the new Leaves put out.

1823 J. G. Percival Poems (new ed.) 225 The scarlet maple buds put out.

1923 Science 57 Suppl. p. xii/2 Both bloom before the leaves put out.

1972 Ruston (Louisiana) Daily Leader 27 Dec. 5/2 Cut your twig just before the leaves put out in the spring.

b. transitive. Of a tree or plant: to send out (a root, bud, leaf, etc.). Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

cast1340

burgeon1382

shoot1526

sprit1559

sprout1574

to put forth1592

to cast forth1611

to put out1614

emit1660

push1676

tiller1677

to throw out1733

to throw up1735

tillerate1762

flush1877

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit

send971

stretchc1275

casta1300

sheda1325

manda1350

to throw outa1413

yielda1450

devoida1475

render1481

reflair1509

sup out1513

to give out1530

utter1536

spout1568

to give fortha1586

to let fly1590

to put out1614

eject1616

evacuate1622

ejaculate1625

emit1626

fling1637

outsend1647

exert1660

extramit1668

exclude1677

emane1708

extromita1711

evolve1772

emanate1797

discharge1833

exsert1835

to give off1840

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > develop growth or excrescence [verb (transitive)]

knot1697

to put out1737

to put forth1740

1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. iii. 62 The smooth, small, long Plants..haue put out hardly any branches.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §653 They forsake their first root, and put out another more towards the top of the earth.

1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 138 The Trees had not yet put out their Leaves.

1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxx. 442 If the Sore seem to put out fungous or spungy Flesh.

1763 J. Wheeler Botanist's & Gardener's New Dict. 8 The common horse-chestnut will be more than twice the size of the other, and frequently put out shoots below the graft.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 413 As soon as they have put out the rough leaf, they should be transplanted.

1856 Titan Mag. Aug. 161/2 Roses..too sickly to put out their flowers.

1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden ix. 80 The roses..might put out leaves and buds as the weather got warmer.

1973 K. Lines Greek Legends 42 Without her care the barley could not ripen, nor the flowers bloom, nor the trees put out new leaf in springtime.

2003 Times (Nexis) 21 June (Weekend) 7 The willow hurdles put out shoots, and the whole structure becomes stronger as the willow takes root.

c. intransitive. Of a tree or plant: to bud; to blossom; to come into leaf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

spriteOE

wrideOE

brodc1175

comea1225

spirec1325

chicka1400

sprouta1400

germin?1440

germ1483

chip?a1500

spurgea1500

to put forth1530

shootc1560

spear1570

stock1574

chit1601

breward1609

pullulate1618

ysproutc1620

egerminate1623

put1623

germinate1626

sprent1647

fruticate1657

stalk1666

tiller1677

breerc1700

fork1707

to put out1731

stool1770

sucker1802

stir1843

push1855

braird1865

fibre1869

flush1877

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Celtis It is none of the earliest Trees in putting out in the Spring of the Year.

1755 T. Hitt Treat. Fruit-trees 82 In some springs trees are more backward in putting out by near a month, than they are in others.

1806 P. Gass Jrnl. 17 June (1807) 227 The grass and plants here are just putting out.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 340 Early in May, the..trees, just putting out amidst the pine woods around the pond, imparted a brightness..to the landscape.

1953 Charleston (W. Virginia) Gaz. 26 Jan. 4/1 The willow is..the first to put out in the spring.

1994 H. F. Mosher Northern Borders v. 130 The maple trees were just putting out and the hills above Lost Nation Hollow were light gold with tiny new leaves.

13. intransitive. slang (originally U.S.). Chiefly of a woman: to offer or consent to sexual intercourse. Also with for.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [verb (intransitive)] > of woman: make herself available

to turn up?1616

to put out1928

slut1946

tart1949

lay1955

1928 Our Army Nov. 19/1 Don't them laundry queens put out good enough to suit you?

1961 J. Heller Catch-22 xiii. 131 Aarfy..tried to dissuade them from ever putting out for anyone but their husbands.

1975 D. Lodge Changing Places vi. 232 If she won't put out the men will accuse her of being bourgeois and uptight.

2003 E. Noble Reading Group 205 I can't afford to waste a Saturday night here with some married bird who isn't putting out.

14. transitive. Of a mechanical or electrical device: to produce or generate (a particular level or amount of power).

ΚΠ

1943 Science 11 June (Suppl.) 12/2 Pancake diesel engines..put out a horsepower for every four pounds of weight.

1948 Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram 12 Sept. (Southland Mag.) 14 (advt.) That's the car Mauri Rose won the Indianapolis Race with this year. Puts out 450 horsepower.

1982 N.Y. Rocker Jan. 26/2 It was a 23-knob mixer and an amplifier that was able to put out 1100 watts.

2000 Scootering 5 Mar. 30/1 Their 125 and 180cc..engines would put out the same power as their liquid cooled two-stroke counterparts.

to put over

1. transitive. To defer, postpone; = to put off 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly North American.Frequently in legal contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]

forslowc888

eldc897

forsita940

gele971

lengOE

drilla1300

delayc1300

onfrestc1300

tarryc1320

jornc1330

dretchc1380

defer1382

forbida1387

to put offa1387

to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393

dilate1399

fordrawa1400

to put overc1410

latch?c1422

adjournc1425

prolongc1425

proloynec1425

rejournc1425

to put in respite1428

sleuthc1430

respitea1450

prorogue1453

refer1466

sleep1470

supersede1482

respectc1487

postpone1496

overseta1500

respett1500

enjourna1513

relong1523

retract1524

tarde1524

track1524

to fode forth1525

tract1527

protract1528

further1529

to make stay of1530

surcease1530

prorogate1534

to fay upon longc1540

linger1543

retard?1543

slake1544

procrastine1548

reprieve1548

remit1550

suspense1556

leave1559

shiftc1562

suspend1566

procrastinate1569

dally1574

post1577

to hold off1580

drift1584

loiter1589

postpose1598

to take one's (own) timea1602

flag1602

slug1605

elong1610

belay1613

demur1613

tardya1616

to hang up1623

frist1637

disjourn1642

future1642

off1642

waive1653

superannuate1655

perendinate1656

stave1664

detard1675

remora1686

to put back1718

withhold1726

protract1737

to keep over1847

to hold over1853

laten1860

to lay over1885

hold1891

back-burner1975

c1410 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 451 (MED) Ther þow hast deseruyd euerelastyngliche his wrathe and to be dampned for euere, he putteth-ouer his vengeaunce and..suffreth vs to amende owre defautes and punysscheth vs but a while.

1524 King Henry VIII in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. xiii. 28 By delaies the matier was alwaies tracked, and put over without any fruteful determination.

1618 J. Hales Let. 2 Dec. 14 in Golden Remains (1659) Both these questions were put over to the next Session.

1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 210 I heard last weeke the day was putt over till Wensday last.

1702 Three Questions Resolved 29 If the Presbytery be divided in their Opinions, the Question is, under an injoined silence, put over to the next Synod.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. To put over,..to defer; to postpone. The court put over the cause to the next term.

1871 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 55 If you can without fail issue the book on the 15th of May—putting the Sketch book over till another time.

1926 J. Black You can't Win xxii. 343 We went to court again the next day, but were put over twenty-four hours on the plea of the police that witnesses were on their way from Canada.

1978 H. Kemelman Thursday Rabbi walked Out (1979) xxx. 145 The only thing to do is to put it over for a week.

2006 Calgary (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 13 July 24 Dagenais remains in custody and the case was put over until tomorrow.

2. transitive.

a. Falconry. Of a hawk: to pass (food) from the crop to the stomach. Also intransitive. Cf. endue v. 2a.Formerly also (occasionally) more generally: †to digest (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > actions of hawk, etc.

mutea1475

mutessa1475

to put overa1475

feat1508

to check at the fista1529

feakc1575

souse1589

to clip it1616

embowel1618

unenterpen1647

gather1674

enterpen1736

scatter1771

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > actions of hawks, etc.

enterpena1475

rousea1475

mutea1529

to put over1575

souse1589

hawk1825

a1475 Dis. Hawk (Harl. 2340) f. 33^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Putten At þe nexte fedyng, take A grete morcell, alsomych as sche may put ouer..& lat hyr hete þat.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. a vij An hawke puttith ouer when she remeuith the mete from hir goorge in to hir bowillis.

1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 81 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Sodden egges are of harde concoction, of grosse nourishment, and are hardly put ouer.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 332 Sometimes..a Hawke cannot well indew nor put ouer hir meate.

1648 Bp. J. Hall Select Thoughts 150 Death did but taste of him, could not devour him, much less put him over.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. xi. 435 How to remedy that Hawk which endeweth not, nor putteth over as she should do.

1704 Dict. Rusticum at Enseams If she have put over her Meat, so as that there is nothing left in her Gorge, then give her warm Meat.

1908 D. C. Phillott in tr. Taymūr Mīrzā Bāz-nāma-yi Nāṣirī xxii. 107 By that time she would have ‘put over’ the whole of her food: nothing would remain in the crop.

1992 E. Ford Falconry: Art & Pract. ii. 23/2 After flying, the hawk should be returned to her perch to put over her crop in peace.

†b. Scottish. To swallow, ‘get down’; to consume; (also) to make (something) easier to swallow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)]

brookc950

abiteOE

haveOE

afangOE

takec1175

notea1200

usec1300

spendc1380

consumec1400

partake1602

pree1680

discuss1751

tuck1784

to put down1795

to be (also go) at the ——1796

go1830

kill1833

to put away1839

down1852

to put over1880

to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880

shift1896

1880 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) at To Put owre ‘I canna put it owre;’ ‘Tak some milk to put owre your bite.’

1895 A. G. Murdoch Sc. Readings III. 10 ‘Here, pit owre that,’ handing the well-filled china cup to her visitor.

1929 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. IX. ii. 81 Whin dey hed pittin ower a' da whiskey, an' waar a' croos.

3. transitive.

†a. To transfer (a right, property, etc.); to make over to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)]

assign1297

bequeathc1305

alienc1400

analy1405

releasea1425

alienate?a1475

to make over1478

convey1495

transport1523

to put over1542

dispone?1548

design1573

pass1587

to set over1594

transfer1598

abalienate1646

attorn1649

demise1670

enure1736

to will away1773

divest1790

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 227 The thirde piece he putte ouer to Arius a burgoise of the same citee.

1632 H. Hawkins tr. J.-P. de la Serre Sweete Thoughts Death & Eternity 59 Laertius Neuola puts ouer the right of Maiority to his brother, and consequently his richest pretensions.

a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 381 It were good he..paid his sister her £100 which he promised when I put over his land to him.

1653 D. Dickson Brief Explic. Other 50 Psalmes 226 Albeit people in covenant with God..be justly plagued by seeing holy ordinances put over in the hands of profane men for their cause.

b. To refer (a matter) to a person for consideration, decision, etc. (formerly with other constructions); †to refer (a person) to an authority, source, etc. (obsolete). rare after 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > ask advice of or seek counsel from > refer (a matter, etc.) to a higher authority

submitc1449

refer1469

defer1490

reject1533

to put over1573

revoke1599

consult1618

compromise1651

subcommit1652

relegate1846

1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte 28 I will put you ouer to the learned treatises of the godly newe wryters which doe refute this distinction.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 62 For the certaine knowledge of that truth, I put you o're to heauen, and to my mother.

a1653 H. Binning Wks. (1842) 343 The matter is put over upon a mediator.

1714 C. Mather Perfect Recovery 30 I will put the Matter over into the Hands of a Preacher.

1792 J. Gutch tr. A. à Wood Hist. & Antiq. Univ. Oxf. I. 516 The King..put over the decision of the matter to the Archb. of Canterbury, [et al.].

1979 Rep. Consumer Health Warnings Alcoholic Beverages (U.S. Congress & Senate Subcommittee Alcoholism & Drug Abuse) 73 Why do we not put it over to FDA, where they have expertise and let them do it.

a. transitive. To transport to the other side of a body of water. Cf. over adv. 5a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > across

overcarrya1382

to set overc1540

to put over1569

to take over1573

traject1635

put1636

cross1804

to pass over1832

to get across1909

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > sail across

oversail?a1400

to put over1569

transfrete1595

transfretate1653

ply1700

passage1987

1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander ii. iii. 48 When Eumenes see nyght drawe on, and the greate difficultie and hardenesse to put ouer the baggage, hee caused those that were already passed, to returne.

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 36 To give them a faire gale to putt them over to the maine.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 49 By swimming they put the horses over.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 154 So putting themselves over, he directed them to leave the Boat.

1868 E. Bennett Phantom of Forest xii. 161 If you will give us something more to eat, and then put us over, we will always think well of Methoto.

1904 J. C. Harris Tar-baby 28 Here de creek come a-risin'... ‘Brer Rabbit,’ sez de 'Gater,..‘Dis one time I'll put you over.’

1919 J. Buchan Mr. Standfast viii. 153 In the mellow gloaming I strolled into the clachan and got a boat to put me over to the inn.

1985 A. R. Burn in I. Gershevitch Cambr. Hist. Iran II. vi. 293 The people, not daring to keep him, put him over to the neighbouring island of Lesbos.

†b. intransitive. To sail or go across a body of water; to cross. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > travel across or beyond

to come overeOE

overfareOE

overstridea1200

overgoc1225

to go over1415

cross1486

forpass1486

to make over1488

to put over1590

to make through1606

traject1711

1590 J. White Fifth Voy. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) 291 Not finding any of our consorts at y^e Matanças, we put ouer again to the cape of Florida.

1617 Abp. G. Abbot Briefe Descr. Worlde (ed. 4) sig. T3^v Cartagena, a citie in the maine Land, to which he put ouer.

a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 391 He put over from thence to Phocaea.

1720 H. Cornwall Observ. Several Voy. India 4 I advise you to run nearest sixty Leagues by Account up the Æthiopia Side from Mount Felix before you put over.

1760 G. Walker Voy. & Cruises II. 168 In case they had been obliged to put over to the Morocco coast, he likewise gave further directions.

1854 Times 21 Apr. 8/3 They seemed as if they intended, as soon as it became possible, to put over to Revel.

5. transitive. Chiefly Scottish and Irish English (northern). To get over, get through, esp. to succeed in passing (time); to survive, make it through (a period of time). Also intransitive: to last out, survive; to get by, manage, ‘make it’. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restoration of a person > recovery from misfortune, error, etc. > [verb (transitive)]

overcomea1225

recoverc1330

overputa1382

overpassa1387

passa1500

digest1577

to put over1593

outwear1598

overseta1600

to make a saving game of it1600

repassa1631

to get over ——1662

overgeta1729

overcast1788

overa1800

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]

overdoOE

adreeOE

wreaka1300

to draw forthc1300

dispend1340

pass1340

drivea1375

wastec1381

occupyc1384

overpassa1387

to pass over ——a1393

usec1400

spend1423

contrive?a1475

overdrive1487

consumea1500

to pass forth1509

to drive off1517

lead1523

to ride out1529

to wear out, forth1530

to pass away?1550

to put offc1550

shiftc1562

to tire out1563

wear1567

to drive out1570

entertainc1570

expire1589

tire1589

outwear1590

to see out1590

outrun1592

outgo1595

overshoot1597

to pass out1603

fleeta1616

elapse1654

term1654

trickle1657

to put over1679

absorb1686

spin1696

exercise1711

kill1728

to get through ——1748

to get over ——1751

tickc1870

fill1875

1593 Passionate Morrice sig. F Which bad beginning was carelesly put ouer with the conceiued ioy of his presence.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 14945 But ydilnes for till put ouir the dais.

1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. iii. 345 To engage him in discourse, and so put over the time, and make him forget his pain.

1712 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 217 I have put over some of my weary hours in this place..by writing and publishing some thoughts.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. vi. 104 Ye'll be wanting eilding now, or something to pitt ower the winter.

1823 J. Wilson Trials Margaret Lyndsay iv. 29 The stranger offered..money; but she..said they could all put over very well till their father was set free.

1851 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling ii. iv. 176 There..he might put over the rigorous period of this present year.

1880 W. Robbie Heir of Glendornie xvii. 151 I never thocht I wid hae pitten ower the nicht.

1896 M. Hamilton Across Ulster Bog 10 The doctor has very bad behopes he'll put over the winter.

1920 D. H. Edwards Muirside 228 I'm unco busy the nicht, but if ye could pit ower till Monday I'll make you sure o't syne.

2007 community.livejournal.com 31 Jan. (O.E.D. archive) Ye've murdered men wha ainly did whit they had tae in order tae pit ower.

2020 I. Howat in Lallans 97 16 Quate vices Telt o thaim is pit ower the waur Jist tae dee in hame watters.

†6. transitive. colloquial. To knock over or down. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. Geoffry Hamlyn III. iv. 87 I've put over a parrot at twenty yards with it [sc. a pistol].

7. transitive.

a. Baseball. = to put across 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Frequently in to put it over.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of pitcher

pitch1848

curve1877

to put over1891

scatter1892

save1899

to put across1903

walk1905

fan1909

plunk1909

southpaw1911

whiff1914

sidearm1921

sidearm1922

outpitch1928

blow1938

hang1967

wild pitch1970

1887 Daily News (Frederick, Maryland) 30 Aug. Driscoll was afraid to put the ball over the plate. Whenever it came in reach the Westminster boys had to ‘chase leather’.]

1891 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 25 Apr. 7/2 Rusie put the ball over and Long hit it out.

1897 Chicago Tribune 11 June 6/3 They wouldn't swing at all sorts of pitches and made the Duquesne twirler ‘put it over’.

1909 Washington Post 23 Aug. 4/3 Johnson started to pass Cobb... Then he put one over, to which the batter, of course, paid no attention.

1985 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 30 Apr. b5/6 When their pitcher put the ball over, we didn't hit it.

2001 G. D'Amato in J. Canfield et al. Chicken Soup for Baseball Fan's Soul iii. 131 Just put it over. He ain't gonna swing.

b. colloquial (originally U.S.).

(a) to put one over (also to put it over): to inflict a defeat or gain an advantage on a person; to get the better of someone. Cf. to put it all over at Phrases 11.

ΚΠ

1901 National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 9 Mar. 10/4 He gave me a bloody good hiding at Jacksonville; but at that I think I could put one over on him the next time we meet.

1907 Washington Post 3 Nov. 16/4 Spoiled Greeley's scoop. Newspaper man tells how he put one over on editor.

1958 People 4 May 8/3 I cannot see her letting any of the Italian or French sex~pots put one over on her.

1972 P. G. Wodehouse Pearls, Girls, & Monty Bodkin x. 150 You can't do the dirty on a business competitor just to stop him from putting it over on you in a business deal.

1995 Independent 13 Oct. 19/1 He is now the senior former prime minister, putting one over on Baroness Thatcher.

(b) To perpetrate (a deception or hoax) on a person; to achieve by deceit. Chiefly as to put one over.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of

undergoa1325

circumvene1526

crossbitec1555

circumvent1564

gleek1577

outreach1579

fob1583

overreach1594

fub1600

encompassa1616

out-craftya1616

out-knave1648

mump1649

jockey1708

come1721

nail1735

slew1813

Jew1825

to sew up1837

to play (it) low down (on)1864

outfox1872

beat1873

outcraft1879

to get a beat on1889

old soldier1892

to put one over1905

to get one over on1912

to get one over1921

outsmart1926

shaft1959

1905 Chicago Tribune 19 June 2/5 Anson fools the police... ‘I put one over on the umpires that time,’ he said gleefully.

1912 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News 5 Apr. 1/2 He declares that the public service corporations of this city are trying to put one over on us by secretly working for the commission charter.

1924 W. M. Raine Troubled Waters xix. 209 What are you trying to put over on me? Why don't you go to Mac and ask him?

1928 A. S. W. Rosenbach Books & Bidders 117 One of the greatest hoaxes ever planned was put over by a French forger.

1976 Church Times 30 July 7/2 She may have been fleeced in Florence, robbed in Ravenna, grossly overcharged in Ostia..; but Baedeker at least has not tried to put one over on her.

2000 J. Goodwin Danny Boy xi. 234 Bollocks, mate. Carl's puttin one over on you to get his stringy corpse on the telly.

8. transitive. To present convincingly or effectively; to communicate, convey. Cf. to put across 3 at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > [verb (transitive)] > successfully

to put over1908

to put across1910

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)] > by assertion

tella1275

assurea1535

over-talk1605

to talk over1734

to put over1908

to put across1910

1908 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Tribune 14 Nov. 9/4 The burnt cork artist..put over a fair turn. His coon dialect was somewhat labored but acceptable.

1928 Weekly Disp. 24 June 8/4 Mr Hayes's humour is not at all easy to ‘put over’, mechanically [sc. on gramophone records].

1966 Listener 17 Mar. 380/2 I did not know how to select what I wanted to do or really put over emotion.

1978 D. Murphy Place Apart iii. 59 They agreed with his anti-ecumenism..but they didn't like the way he put it over.

2006 Halifax Courier (Nexis) 15 Nov. Even though he is not the best singer in the business at least he puts over the songs with feeling.

to put through

1. transitive. Originally U.S.

a. To help or cause to pass through a process; to bring to a conclusion; to carry through (successfully).With quot. 1908, cf. sense 21b(c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > successfully

floor1852

to put through1888

to bring off1928

1847 Knickerbocker Dec. 563 ‘Elder,’ says I, ‘I've come down to have you put me through.’

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxxi. 173 I used to, when I fust begun, have considerable trouble fussin' with 'em and trying to make 'em hold out... Now, you see, I just put 'em straight through, sick or well.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xliv. 163 Becoming accomplices in the jobs or ‘steals’ which these members were ‘putting through’.

1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxx. 338 I'd love to be a teacher. But..Mr. Andrews says it cost him one hundred and fifty dollars to put Prissy through.

1929 T. H. Burnham Engin. Econ. xv. 199 Rush orders are difficult to put through, even in well-organized works.

1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 54 Put through a second lot of tailings, but not from the same place.

1995 Church Times 3 Mar. 7/2 The Declaration..comes before the Governing Body of the Church in Wales..in April, and the Welsh bishops plan to put it through by an accelerated procedure in September.

b. colloquial. = to put (a person) through it at Phrases 8. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1853 J. G. Baldwin Flush Times Alabama & Mississippi 26 Many a witness..‘slunk his pitch mightily’ when old Kasm put him through on the cross-examination.

1866 Secret Hist. Votary of Pleasure 63 Let's ‘sweat’ him; let's ‘put him through’; let's make him ‘shell out’ some of his extra cash to you.

1872 G. P. Burnham Mem. U.S. Secret Service p. vii Put 'em through, subjecting persons to a thorough searching ordeal.

1935 H. R. Driggs Pony Express goes Through 109 Then I put him through pretty hard to make the close schedule they had set for us. Well, we made it all right, but it cost the life of that horse.

2. transitive. To connect (a telephone caller) to another via an exchange or operator; to divert or connect to a particular location. Also: to make or connect (a telephone call).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > communicate with by telephone [verb (transitive)] > methods or procedures

to put through1880

multiple1906

place1907

offer1950

switch1971

to camp on1977

1880 Times 23 Dec. 8/6 A gentleman desiring to communicate with his place of business from which he is some short distance away steps into one of these shops, and for a small sum can be ‘put through’ to his own office.

1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 86 Ask to be put through to the inquiry office.

1928 D. L. Sayers Unpleasantness at Bellona Club viii. 59 That phone-call you asked me to trace..was put through..from a public call-box.

1949 A. Christie Crooked House xvii. 139 He lifted the receiver—listened and then said: ‘Put her through.’

1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story vii. 55 He put through a 999 call to the police.

2002 Big Issue 17 June 13/1 I call the Woolwich and explain the situation. The main office puts me through to customer care.

to put to

†1. transitive. To add (to what is already present, has already been done or said, etc.). Also intransitive. Cf. sense 30a. Obsolete (archaic and rare after 17th cent.).

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xx. 10 Amasa waitide not weel þe knijf þat Joab hadde, þe whiche smoot hym in þe sijde..ne þe secounde wounde he putte to [a1425 L.V. addide; L. apposuit].

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Matt. vi. 27 Who of ȝou thenkinge may putte to [L. adjicere] to his stature oo cubite?

a1402 J. Trevisa tr. Dialogus Militem et Clericum (Harl.) 36 (MED) Þe kyng..may putt to priuyleges & lawes, & wiþdrawe & chaunge & redresse euereche þat erreþ.

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 431 And þere were put to [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. added] with ham þe drye rootes of lilye..of yreos, of aaron.

a1500 R. Roos tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy 500 I may not put to, nor take away.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. xvi. sig. m.vi ^v Over the .x. commaundementes of god..holy chirche hath put to fyue.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iv. xxii. 71 Pulling away some, putting to other some.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Nn4^v When hee commeth to a particular, he shall haue nothing to doe, but to put too Names, and, times, and places.

1638 A. Cant Serm. 13 June (1741) 22 It is not little that will awaken sleeping sinners, therefore he puts to an oyes.

1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta II. v. 135 The village Sheykh Sâlih..put-to his word that Aly had reason!

2. transitive.

†a. To attach, affix (a seal or signature) to a document, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > attach as writing

to put to1396

to set toa1400

putc1436

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)]

fastenOE

fasta1225

tachec1315

to-seta1340

catcha1350

affichea1382

to put ona1382

tacka1387

to put to1396

adjoina1400

attach?a1400

bend1399

spyndec1400

to-tachc1400

affixc1448

complexc1470

setc1480

attouch1483

found?1541

obligate1547

patch1549

alligate1563

dight1572

inyoke1595

infixa1616

wreathe1643

adlige1650

adhibit1651

oblige1656

adent1658

to bring to1681

engage1766

superfix1766

to lap on1867

accrete1870

society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > seal [verb (transitive)] > affix seal to

put1379

to put to1396

fix1569

1396 in Sc. Antiq. 14 218 To the part of this indentoure remaynand with the forsaid Scher Jone the sele of the sayd earle is put to.

1416 in T. Madox Formulare Anglicanum (1702) 16 (MED) Wee..have to these Vewes afore writton putto our sealles.

c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 8 (MED) To this present wrytyng, my sele I haue put to.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 145 Both partyes maade hit stronge by puttyng to þere seelys, euerych to oþer.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxxi^v In wytnes whereof y^e partyes beforesayd interchaungeably haue put to theyr seales.

1552–3 Inventory Church Goods in Ann. Diocese Lichfield (1863) IV. 2 In wittenes wherof..we..to thes presents interchaungeabli have putto our handes.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 3 Kings vii. 36 They semed not to be engrauen, but put to round about.

1693 J. Tyrrell Bibliotheca Politica (1694) vii. 473 Only I shall take notice of the date of this Letter, to which the King also put to his Seal.

†b. To introduce (a male animal) to a female animal for breeding. Cf. sense 11e. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > breed > put to for breeding

put?1523

to put to?1523

match1530

matea1593

submit1697

couple1721

breed1886

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xx Euery man may nat put to there rammes all at one tyme.

c. To harness (a horse, etc.) to a vehicle; (occasionally) to attach (a locomotive) to a train. Also intransitive. Cf. sense 11f and to put in 1b(b) at Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness

harness13..

putc1550

to put in1709

tackle1714

to put to1732

reharness1775

crupper1787

crup1880

tack1946

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [verb (transitive)] > yoke (a horse, cart, or carriage)

join1377

couple1393

bind1535

to put in1709

to put to1732

to hook up1825

inspan1834

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [verb (transitive)] > provide locomotive for > attach locomotive

to put to1862

1732 R. Gwinnett et al. Pylades & Corinna II. vii. 25 But the Horses are put to, and I shall lose my Breakfast if I write any more.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 103 I..bid him..get the horses put to.

1816 J. Austen Emma II. viii. 165 You know how impossible my father would deem it that James should put-to for such a purpose.

1841 E. Bulwer-Lytton Night & Morning i. i Tell the post-boy to put-to the horses immediately.

1862 Temple Bar 5 142 A Scotch engine was being put to at Berwick.

1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman xx. 301 When he was bidden, put-to the greys he..made all haste to obey the order.

1988 Carriage Driving June 47/4 Peter Munt's gelderlanders will take the coach from Merstham to the Chequers at Horley, where Lex Ruddiman's grey Hungarians will be put to.

1997 Your Horse Nov. 127/3 When ready to put-to (put the horse in the carriage), put on the bridle.

a. transitive. To exert, apply; to bring to bear, put forth. Frequently (now only) in to put to one's hand (also hands): to lend a hand; to set to work, fall to; (Scottish) to help oneself (to food, etc.). Now rare (chiefly Scottish in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] > put in effective operation

yieldc1315

underbear1382

to put forthc1390

showa1398

apply?c1400

to put outc1400

exercisec1405

to put toc1410

employ?1473

enforce1490

exerce1535

adhibit?1538

addict1562

endeavour?1575

work1591

address1598

to give stream to?1611

to lay out1651

exsert1665

exert1682

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]

underfoc893

fandOE

onfangOE

undernimc1000

takec1175

to take tillc1175

to take toa1250

underfongc1330

undertakea1340

to take in (also on) handa1350

undertakec1385

attamec1386

to take in (also on) handc1390

embrace1393

emprisec1410

to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410

to go upon ——c1450

enterprise?1473

to set (one's) hand to1477

go?a1500

accept1524

assume1530

to hent in (also upon) handc1540

to swallow up1544

to take to task1546

to go into ——?1548

to set in hand1548

to fare about1563

entertain1569

undergo1606

to set about ——1611

to take up1660

to come at ——1901

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]

beginc1000

onginOE

aginOE

ginc1175

to go tillc1175

to take onc1175

comsea1225

fanga1225

to go toc1275

i-ginc1275

commencec1320

to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400

to lay to one's hand(sc1405

to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410

to set toc1425

standa1450

to make to1563

to fall to it1570

to start out1574

to fall to1577

to run upon ——1581

to break off1591

start1607

to set in1608

to set to one's hands1611

to put toa1616

to fall ona1625

in1633

to fall aboard1642

auspicatea1670

to set out1693

to enter (into) the fray1698

open1708

to start in1737

inchoate1767

to set off1774

go1780

start1785

to on with1843

to kick off1857

to start in on1859

to steam up1860

to push off1909

to cut loose1923

to get (also put) the show on the road1941

to get one's arse in gear1948

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)]

help?c1225

to shove at the cart1421

supply1446

assist?1518

to lend a hand (or a helping hand)1598

to hold handc1600

to put to one's hand (also hands)1603

seconda1609

subminister1611

to give (lend) a lift1622

to lay (a) hand1634

to give a hand1682

to bear a hand1710

to chip in1872

c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 153 He..prayed to the pope þat, in þe emperoures stede and wiþ þe emperours costage, he wolde putte to [L. apponat] his handes.

a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Gen. xix. 10 The men putten to hoonde, and brouȝten into hem Loth.

1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 22 Preamb. Endevoir youre self and put to your hand and spare no cost.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 70 (MED) Ye must put to grete besynesse to take the Duke.

1537 J. Whalley Let. 4 Feb. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/8/55) f. 76 The beste lerned men in Englond hathe putto theyre handes.

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 134 Putting to their diligence and industrie.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1115 Whereunto also Clement..put to his helping hand.

a1625 J. Fletcher & J. Shirley Night-walker (1640) ii. sig. D2^v Put to your strength and make as little noise.

1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 173 That so all Parties concerned may put to their fires at the same time.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles xiv. 134 We must not rest on the sabbath-day, if a Work of Necessity or Charity calls us to put to our hands.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 86 Among us a' a ravell'd hesp ye've made, Sae now, put too your hand, an help to red.

1801 W. Beattie Fruits Time Parings 8 Come, Mains, will ye put too yer hand.

1861 T. S. Muir Characteristics Old Church Archit. Scotl. 134 If you but put to your hand to do a few odd jobs for your own behoof, eschew vulgar airs, and feel full of your object.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxviii. 33 People think of the government as a great machine which will go on, whether they put their hand to or not.

1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. vii. 125 ‘All I want is to learn my work, and put to my hand.’ ‘To make your fortune?’ said Miss Jean.

1952 in Sc. National Dict. (1960) V. 28/1 Jist pit tee yer han', dinna weyt t' be prigget.

†b. intransitive. To set to work. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]

beginc1000

onginOE

aginOE

ginc1175

to go tillc1175

to take onc1175

comsea1225

fanga1225

to go toc1275

i-ginc1275

commencec1320

to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400

to lay to one's hand(sc1405

to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410

to set toc1425

standa1450

to make to1563

to fall to it1570

to start out1574

to fall to1577

to run upon ——1581

to break off1591

start1607

to set in1608

to set to one's hands1611

to put toa1616

to fall ona1625

in1633

to fall aboard1642

auspicatea1670

to set out1693

to enter (into) the fray1698

open1708

to start in1737

inchoate1767

to set off1774

go1780

start1785

to on with1843

to kick off1857

to start in on1859

to steam up1860

to push off1909

to cut loose1923

to get (also put) the show on the road1941

to get one's arse in gear1948

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 279 My Wife..deserues a Name As ranke as any Flax-Wench, that puts to Before her troth-plight.

4. transitive. To pull or push to (a door, etc.) into a position where it is shut or nearly shut. See to adv. 4. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.)

shutc1000

steek?c1225

makec1300

speara1325

yark toc1400

to shut toc1450

to put toa1500

warpc1540

enclose1563

to pull to1673

dub1753

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 82 (MED) Anon he put to [v.r. shitte] the dore ayen with all his myght.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iii. 23 Ehud gat him out at the backe dore, & put to [1611 shut] y^e dore after him, and lockte it.

1582 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 253 The dur wes nocht lokkit bot onelie putt to and slottit.

a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C2/1 Put to the doores a while there.

1637 S. Rutherford Let. 16 Feb. (1848) xcix. 187 Alas, that my Father hath put to the door on my poor harlot-mother!

1723 in H. Paton Minnigaff Parish Rec. (1939) 431 [She] owns she put to the door; denyes that her husband wrestled to keep it open.

1775 R. Cumberland Choleric Man v. iii. 85 I'll put the shutters to.

1828 Examiner 588/1 Shut the door and put to the window shutters.

1859 S. Smith My Thirty Years out of Senate lix. 301 He turned round and put the door to, and begun to speak in a little lower tone.

a1878 C. J. Mathews Patter versus Clatter (1881) ii. 13 She put to the shutters, and bolted the door.

1931 H. W. Duncan in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. 148/1 Hinmist in pits tee the door.

1954 ‘F. Marton’ Mrs. Betsey i. 183 The footman touched his hat and stepped back. The woman put the door to.

2007 20six.co.uk 2 Feb. (O.E.D. archive) He came in without knocking. ‘Hi Lena,’ he said as he put the door to.

5. transitive (in passive). To be placed in difficulty or hardship; to find it difficult or awkward to do something. Now chiefly in to be hard put to: = to be hard put to it at Phrases 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > have difficulty

to be hard put to1631

to have a job1832

1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian vi. 90 Hope I had, with such two noble Greekes, (Though hard put-to, as I) to finde some ease.

1693 T. Shadwell Volunteers iii. i. 28 There's one thing [sc. ice] we shall be miserably put to for, have you no way to come at it.

1694 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. Search after Truth ii. 184 A thing which the greatest Divines are hard put to, to explain.

1791 J. Woodforde Diary 8 Aug. (1927) III. 291 We were rather put to for a Dinner in so short a time.

1803 Pic Nic No. 6. 6 He is,..like myself, hard put to at times for a little money.

1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge I. iv. 54 We must needs be put-to for want of a wholesome crust.

1924 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 111 204/1 The production would reach almost unbelievable figures and the world would be hard put to for fuel.

1961 Times 18 Oct. 15/4 They..are the product of the world at large and would be hard put to to enunciate a consistent moral philosophy.

2000 J. S. Jones Welsh Boys Too 34 Gethin was hard put to to detect an ill-formed mutation or a confused gender; Mr Bateman spoke better Welsh than many native speakers.

6. intransitive. Nautical. To put in to the shore, to make landfall; to take shelter inshore. Cf. sense 9c. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (intransitive)] > take or be forced into shelter

cove1631

to put to1801

1801 P. Buckner Diary 17 Mar. in William & Mary Q. (1926) 6 185 The wind rose & we put to at about 7 o'clock & stayed untill about 9 o'clock, then put off.

a1844 F. Baily Jrnl. Tour N. Amer. (1856) 195 We pushed off..and after going about twenty miles, were obliged to put-to on account of the wind.

1947 A. B. Guthrie Big Sky xvii. 129 Jourdonnais put to on the point of land between the rivers.

to put together

1. transitive. To bring into proximity, or into contact; to place side by side; to juxtapose.In quot. a1382: spec. to place together for the purpose of comparison, to compare.to put their heads together: see head n.¹ Phrases 2e(a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (transitive)]

evenOE

comparisonc1374

measurea1382

remenec1390

compare1509

confer?1531

to lay togethera1568

lay1577

paragona1586

paragonize1589

set1589

sympathize1600

confront1604

to name on (also in) the same day1609

collate1612

to lay down by1614

sampler1628

to set together1628

matcha1649

run1650

vie1685

to put together1690

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job xxviii. 19 Wisdam forsoþe is drawyn of hidde thingis, ne þer shal ben maad euene to it topasie of ethiope, ne to þe moste cleene steynynge shal ben put togidere [v.r. shal be comparisound; a1425 L.V. schulen be had..in comparisoun; L. componetur].

a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxiv. 4 Tak to a beest moost fat; Put [a1425 L.V. gadere] togidre [L. Congere] the gobetis of it.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 417 Put to-geder, but not onyd, contiguus.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xiii [He] put to gyder grete habondance of straws..and kyndeled it with fyre.

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 686/2 If a fire that hath but little woode, wax out, wee put the brandes together, and blowe it, that it may burne.

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xiii. 82 All which reasons..being put together, as of themselues, theie proue [etc.].

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. C3 That you marking as well as I, we may put both our markes togither, when they are gone, and confer of them.

1669 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 4 902 When I transplant Melons from the Nursery-bed, I put commonly two roots together.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. ii. 9 Upon the first Occasion, that shall make him put together those Idea's in his Mind, and observe whether they agree or disagree.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Clear Starching The two Selvages put together, then the Ends together, and wash it the Way the Selvage goes, to prevent the Fraying.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 590 Otherwise the door, when put together, will be out of truth.

1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xvii. 124 I will put a few things together.

1911 F. M. Farmer Catering for Special Occasions ii. 32 Spread with pimiento butter, put together in pairs, and arrange on a fancy plate covered with a doily.

1990 Paris Rev. Fall 155 The books are episodic, aren't they? Almost as if you had put together a string of short stories.

2. transitive.

a. To combine or bring together (parts or elements) to make a whole or unity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct

workOE

dighta1175

to set upc1275

graitha1300

formc1300

pitchc1330

compoundc1374

to put togethera1387

performc1395

bigc1400

elementc1400

complexion1413

erect1417

framea1450

edifya1464

compose1481

construe1490

to lay together1530

perstruct1547

to piece together1572

condite1578

conflate1583

compile1590

to put together1591

to set together1603

draw1604

build1605

fabric1623

complicate1624

composit1640

constitute1646

compaginate1648

upa1658

complex1659

construct1663

structurate1664

structure1664

confect1677

to put up1699

rig1754

effect1791

structuralize1913

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > marry [verb (transitive)] > join in marriage

wedOE

join1297

spousec1325

bind1330

couplea1340

to put togethera1387

conjoin1447

accouple1548

matea1593

solemnize1592

espouse1599

faggot1607

noose1664

to give (also conjoin, join, take) in (also to, into) marriage1700

rivet1700

to tie the knot1718

buckle1724

unite1728

tack1732

wedlock1737

marry1749

splice1751

to turn off1759

to tie up1894

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > combine [verb (transitive)]

compoundc1384

combind1477

consolidate1511

combinea1535

conjoin1554

consociate1566

associate1578

mingle1587

symbolize1590

compack1605

cojoina1616

to run into ——1640

to put together1651

amalgamate1802

integrate1802

conferruminate1826

amalgam1827

synthetize1828

synthesize1830

portmanteau1902

team1939

synchronize1973

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 3 Solempne and wise writeres of arte and of science..be worthy to be hiȝeliche..i-preysed, as þey it were putting and medlynge to gidre [?a1475 anon. tr. makenge a commixtion of; L. commiscentes] profiȝtes and swetnes.

1520 in W. Fraser Chiefs of Grant (1883) III. 64 To caus thame be handfast and put togiddir..for mariage to be completit.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/2 Sythe they be ones put togyther by the lawes of holy churche, I wyll never put them asonder.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iv^v Clowtyd crayme and rawe crayme put togyther.

1620 Swetnam Arraigned by Women iv. iii. sig. K4^v Lor. Be pleas'd to ioyne these Louers hands Into sacred nuptiall bands. Sfor. Nothing but put vm both together, Sir.

1651 H. More Second Lash of Alazanomastix in Enthusiasmus Triumphatus (1656) 218 It is you that have put things together so ill-favouredly.

1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 217 Customary or Figurative Syntax is that which is used in the Forms of Speech..wherein Words are put together according to a Metaphorical or borrowed Sense.

1783 R. Cumberland Mysterious Husband 43 He said he'd tell the plot to Dormer, make them both desperately in love afresh, and put them together.

1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. viii. 218 The milk and the fat pot-liquor and meal are, when put together, called, in Long-Island, swill.

1886 H. James Bostonians I. v. 54 I have no self-possession; no eloquence; I can't put three words together.

1909 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 659/2 Work in connection with the other Zeppelin air-ships is so far advanced that as soon as the halls..are ready it will only be necessary to put the parts together.

1953 S. K. Langer Introd. Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) i. 32 In every proposition and every inference there is..a certain form, a way in which the constituents of the proposition or inference are put together.

1994 J. Farman Suspiciously Simple Hist. Sci. & Invention (new ed.) vi. 104 A Frenchman called Dumas had this weird idea of cutting up maps into little pieces and then putting them together again.

†b. reflexive. Of people: to join together; to combine, unite. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (reflexive)]

join13..

fellowshipa1382

adjoin1533

to put together1556

piece1579

sort1579

mixture1582

troopa1592

consort1597

identify1718

associate1881

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. Q2 The quene and the ladies put them againe to gether for to geue vnto Affranio a verrey bitter sopper.

1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges f. 21^v The persons which first put them selues together in the Vniuersitie of Duay the yere 1568, yelding to Collegial forme of studie and discipline vnder one President.

1678 tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civil Wars France xv. 706 It was for the most part composed of ships and men that were Voluntiers, who had put themselves together under the conduct of the Earl, to make prize upon the Coasts of Spain.

c. To make or form (a whole) by the combination of parts or elements; to construct, compile, compose.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct

workOE

dighta1175

to set upc1275

graitha1300

formc1300

pitchc1330

compoundc1374

to put togethera1387

performc1395

bigc1400

elementc1400

complexion1413

erect1417

framea1450

edifya1464

compose1481

construe1490

to lay together1530

perstruct1547

to piece together1572

condite1578

conflate1583

compile1590

to put together1591

to set together1603

draw1604

build1605

fabric1623

complicate1624

composit1640

constitute1646

compaginate1648

upa1658

complex1659

construct1663

structurate1664

structure1664

confect1677

to put up1699

rig1754

effect1791

structuralize1913

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > a compilation > compile (a work) [verb (transitive)]

compilea1387

quilt1605

to put together1862

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 276 Ringes of yron..are fastened vppon the extreame partes of the poyntes or corners of euerie peece of the bridge, and for euerie peece foure Ringes, one at euery corner, which beeing prepared, the bridge may be put together entyre and whole.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 18 Our mind putteth the whole figure out of those visible parts together.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 108/1 Trussing a Barrel, is putting it together from Boards or Staves within a Hoop.

1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 82 Three fourths of the white wine drank in this kingdom are compositions put together here.

1825 New Monthly Mag. 15 212/2 This figure can be taken to pieces and put together with the greatest ease.

1862 Temple Bar 6 404 I put together some account of a series of incidents.

1902 J. Conrad Typhoon i. 4 It was..as impossible for him to take a flight of fancy as it would be for a watch-maker to put together a chronometer with nothing except a two-pound hammer and a whip-saw.

1942 W. Booth In Darkest Eng. ii. ii. 122 It is like the puzzle maps of children. When you are putting one together, you suddenly come upon some awkward piece that will not fit in.

1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. 29/2 The Mexican authorities have put together a protection plan for tourists including special safe corridors for travel in and around the capital city.

3. transitive. To consider as a whole or at the same time; to add or combine conceptually. Frequently as past participle. to put this (also that) and that together: to draw a conclusion after consideration of two or more facts or circumstances (obsolete). Cf. also to put two and two together at two n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > combine [verb (transitive)] > mentally

to put together1566

1566 N. Sanders Supper of Our Lord (new ed.) ii. f. 86 If we put this together, I require no more, but that he be an honest man, who shall construe the place of Cyrillus.

1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word 117 And therefore all this put together doth make it more then Turkish impietie to put in print such infamous stuffe agaynst the Maiestie of so high a prince by name.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 195 All this put together..was nothing, being compared with her retirednesse of life.

1683 W. Charleton Three Anat. Lect. 24 All the veins of a Sanguineous Animal taken together, are larger or more capacious..than all the Arteries put together.

1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. 405 Put that and that together.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. i. 4 All these things put together, excited their curiosity.

1837 W. Tayler Diary 10 May (1962) 33 There is considered to be as many advertisements in that [sc. TheTimes] as there is in all the rest of the papers put together.

1854 T. Taylor & C. Reade Two Loves & Life i. 3 One expects the young Pretender; one hears a noise, one naturally puts this and that together.

1909 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 1 Oct. 13/1 The enemies of Paul put this and that together, drew certain inferences, came to certain conclusions, and the mob was the result.

1933 E. A. Powell Slanting Lines of Steel x. 150 The little yellow card..was the equivalent of Aladdin's lamp and the magic carpet put together so far as seeing the war was concerned.

1957 F. Hoyle Black Cloud (1960) 101 I planned that Nortonstowe would be able to handle at least a hundred times as much as all other transmitters on the Earth put together.

2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xix. 463 Putting all such thoughts together, some primatologists..now conclude that the earliest primates must be at least 30 per cent older than the oldest known fossils.

4. transitive. Cricket. Of a batter or pair of batters: to accumulate, score (a number of runs).

ΚΠ

1866 Times 10 Aug. 5/4 The latter got his runs well and soon put together 17.

1890 Field 31 May 784/3 Webbe and O'Brien..put together thirty-nine runs for the third wicket.

1900 P. F. Warner Cricket in Many Climes 90 Mead put together 86 without a mistake.

1968 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 9 Feb. 1/3 They put together 49 when Boycott played on from Hall.

1992 Daily Express 8 June 51/1 They put together a partnership of 93 at four an over.

5. transitive. To establish favourable circumstances for the conclusion of (a financial arrangement or deal); to conclude (a deal).

ΚΠ

1956 Tri-City Herald (Washington) 16 May 1/1 Zoning of vineyard land to ‘commercial’..should help put a deal together whereby the City will get access to land on which to extend First Avenue.

1970 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald Jrnl. 15 Dec. 21/1 One American company..is trying to put together a deal adding up to as much as a billion dollars in investment.

1989 L. Deighton Spy Line xiii. 187 Werner had made a lot of money from..putting together import and export deals so that the DDR didn't have to part with hard currency.

2003 Amer. Econ. Rev. 93 17/2 The IMF worked closely with the principal creditors, the banks, and the debtor countries to put together financing packages.

to put under

†1. transitive. To defeat, vanquish, overcome; to subdue; to put down, oppress. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat

shendc893

overwinOE

overheaveOE

mate?c1225

to say checkmatea1346

vanquishc1366

stightlea1375

outrayc1390

to put undera1393

forbeat1393

to shave (a person's) beardc1412

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

adawc1440

supprisec1440

to knock downc1450

to put to the worsta1475

waurc1475

convanquish1483

to put out1485

trima1529

convince1548

foil1548

whip1571

evict1596

superate1598

reduce1605

convict1607

defail1608

cast1610

banga1616

evince1620

worst1646

conquer1655

cuffa1657

trounce1657

to ride down1670

outdo1677

routa1704

lurcha1716

fling1790

bowl1793

lick1800

beat1801

mill1810

to row (someone) up Salt River1828

defeat1830

sack1830

skunk1832

whop1836

pip1838

throw1850

to clean out1858

take1864

wallop1865

to sock it to1877

whack1877

to clean up1888

to beat out1893

to see off1919

to lower the boom on1920

tonk1926

clobber1944

ace1950

to run into the ground1955

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 99 (MED) Bot love is of so gret a main, That..Ther mai nothing his miht withstonde..Virgile also was overlad, And Aristotle was put under.

c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 299 (MED) Prayere..dystruyes syne and puttes it vndire.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 158 (MED) The counte of Langdok, whanne it was takyn and put vndir by Kyng Iohn, chaungid their goodly array.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 701 Till eyther he had lost his awne naturall lyfe, or vtterly..put vnder hys foes.

1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) 2667 in Wks. (1931) II. 255 Throch laws consistoriall... The common peopill ar put sa vnder.

2. transitive. colloquial. To bury (a person); (also) to kill.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]

swevec725

quelmeOE

slayc893

quelleOE

of-falleOE

ofslayeOE

aquellc950

ayeteeOE

spillc950

beliveOE

to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE

fordoa1000

forfarea1000

asweveOE

drepeOE

forleseOE

martyrOE

to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE

bringc1175

off-quellc1175

quenchc1175

forswelta1225

adeadc1225

to bring of daysc1225

to do to deathc1225

to draw (a person) to deathc1225

murder?c1225

aslayc1275

forferec1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

martyrc1300

strangle1303

destroya1325

misdoa1325

killc1330

tailc1330

to take the life of (also fro)c1330

enda1340

to kill to (into, unto) death1362

brittena1375

deadc1374

to ding to deathc1380

mortifya1382

perisha1387

to dight to death1393

colea1400

fella1400

kill out (away, down, up)a1400

to slay up or downa1400

swelta1400

voida1400

deliverc1400

starvec1425

jugylc1440

morta1450

to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480

to put offc1485

to-slaya1500

to make away with1502

to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503

rida1513

to put downa1525

to hang out of the way1528

dispatch?1529

strikea1535

occidea1538

to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540

to fling to deathc1540

extinct1548

to make out of the way1551

to fet offa1556

to cut offc1565

to make away?1566

occise1575

spoil1578

senda1586

to put away1588

exanimate1593

unmortalize1593

speed1594

unlive1594

execute1597

dislive1598

extinguish1598

to lay along1599

to make hence1605

conclude1606

kill off1607

disanimate1609

feeze1609

to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611

to kill dead1615

transporta1616

spatch1616

to take off1619

mactate1623

to make meat of1632

to turn up1642

inanimate1647

pop1649

enecate1657

cadaverate1658

expedite1678

to make dog's meat of1679

to make mincemeat of1709

sluice1749

finisha1753

royna1770

still1778

do1780

deaden1807

deathifyc1810

to lay out1829

cool1833

to use up1833

puckeroo1840

to rub out1840

cadaverize1841

to put under the sod1847

suicide1852

outkill1860

to fix1875

to put under1879

corpse1884

stiffen1888

tip1891

to do away with1899

to take out1900

stretch1902

red-light1906

huff1919

to knock rotten1919

skittle1919

liquidate1924

clip1927

to set over1931

creasea1935

ice1941

lose1942

to put to sleep1942

zap1942

to take down1967

wax1968

trash1973

ace1975

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]

bedelveOE

begraveOE

burya1000

beburyc1000

bifel-ec1000

layc1000

to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE

tombc1275

gravec1300

inter1303

rekec1330

to lap in leadc1340

to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340

lie1387

to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400

to lay lowa1425

earthc1450

sepulture1490

to put awaya1500

tyrea1500

mould1530

to graith in the grave1535

ingrave1535

intumulate1535

sepult1544

intumil?c1550

yird1562

shrinea1566

infera1575

entomb1576

sepelite1577

shroud1577

funeral1578

to load with earth1578

delve1587

to lay up1591

sepulchrize1595

pit-hole1607

infuneral1610

mool1610

inhumate1612

inurna1616

inhume1616

pit1621

tumulate1623

sepulchrea1626

turf1628

underlay1639

urna1657

to lay to sleep, asleep1701

envaulta1745

plant1785

ensepulchre1820

sheugh1839

to put under1879

to lay away1885

1779 W. Alexander Hist. Women I. viii. 175 Would to God, my mother had put me under ground the moment I was born!]

1879 R. A. Sterndale Afghan Knife II. vii. 75 I wanted to see your bonny face once more, in case these blackguards put me under.

1918 R. D. Holmes Yankee in Trenches xiii. 124 ‘Put him under with only one, you blinking idiot,’ said I.

1958 C. Watson Coffin scarcely Used iii. 27 There'll be some pressure to have him put under without any unseemly inquiries.

1982 S. Bellow Dean's December xiii. 240 Those guys will listen to any crazy broad who wants to put you under.

3. transitive. To render unconscious, as by the use of an anaesthetic; (also) to hypnotize.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > practise anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. [verb (transitive)] > anaesthetize

stony1382

astonish1530

astone1543

stounda1617

etherize1847

letheonize1847

anaesthetize1848

apathize1848

chloroform1848

chloralize1878

chloroformize1880

to put under1889

1849 G. Mantell Jrnl. 29 May (1940) 236 We put her under the influence of Chloroform.]

1889 J. M'Lachlan Appl. Anat. (ed. 3) I. v. 44 The bulk required is less, it is more agreeable to the patient, is more easily administered as it requires no special apparatus, and the patient is more easily put under.

1962 L. Payne Too Small for his Shoes v. 94 Given him something to put him under. Be right as rain.

1963 E. Lanham Monkey on Chain xiv. 207 He put Dora under and learned conclusively that she went down to Bleecker Street.

1988 Dirt Bike Rider Sept. 4/3 As the doctor came up with injection to put me under I asked him the time.

2000 TV Quick 13 May 33/3 A woman is put under by a creepy hypnotist and discovers that in a past life she was possessed by the spirit of an underwater monster.

to put up

a. transitive.

(a) To place in a receptacle for safe keeping or for future use; to store, stow away; to lay aside, put by; (in later use also) to pack or make up into a parcel, in a basket, etc. Also figurative. Cf. to put away 3c at Phrasal verbs 1, to put by 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly U.S. regional (southern and south Midland).to put up one's pipes: see pipe n.¹ Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)]

again-layOE

to put upc1330

to lay up?a1366

bestow1393

to set up1421

reserve1480

powder1530

store1552

uplay1591

garnera1616

storea1616

revestry1624

reposit1630

barrel1631

magazine1643

stock1700

to salt down1849

reservoir1858

tidy1867

larder1904

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > deposit or put away

to put upc1330

to lay up?a1366

leavea1375

disposec1420

stowc1485

reposea1500

repose?c1525

commit1531

reject1541

dispatcha1566

tuck1587

to put away1607

reposit1630

repositate1716

to stow away1795

park1908

c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 388 (MED) Þe hors was seld..For to hundred schillinges, & [he] put it vp apliȝt.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 21^v Memoratiua, þe vertu of mynde, puttiþ vp in saue warde liknes of þinges & kepiþ hem.

c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 98 It is better if it be euery ȝere renewed and bette newly with oile roses, and putte vp agayne vnto it nede.

c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint unto Pity 54 I have put my complaynt up ageyn, For to my foes my bille I dar not shewe.

1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C4 They see him drawe his purse, then spying in what place he puts it vppe, the stall or the shadowe..meets the man at some straight turne & iustles him.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 106 Thou hast mistaken his letter..Here sweete, put vp this.

1620 T. Gataker True Contentm. 15 They might not pocket or put vp ought to carry away with them.

1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 291 A Grocer's Basket, such as they put up their Malaga Raisins in.

1755 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 22 Sept. (1967) III. 90 In the next Box put up..3 of Pinchbec's watches, [with] shagrine cases and enamell'd Dial plates.

1773 J. Johnson Let. 4 Aug. in Joshua Johnson's Letterbk. (1979) 91 The very day before we were to have shipped, the goods packed and trimmings put up for them in a different package.

1802 M. Cutler Jrnl. 16 Nov. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 112 Very busy in putting up a box of [botanical] specimens for Mr. Paykull.

1883 M. E. Mann Parish of Hilby iv If you aren't for any more whist,..we may as well put up the cards.

1892 Field 21 May 778/1 The housekeeper..had put us up plenty of edibles and drinkables.

1912 J. Masefield Widow in Bye St. in Poems (1946) 89 ‘Put up your toys,’ he said, ‘and come along.’

1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral ix. 236 They settled that she should get some tea put up into a thermos flask.

1969 C. Carey Show-jumping Summer i. 17 Aunt Prisca cut doorsteps of bread and butter and put up slabs of shop cake and bottles of lemonade.

1979 D. Gillespie & A. Fraser To be, or not to Bop 384 I went upstairs and put up my camera and came back and went with him.

2003 ‘B. Mac’ Maybe you never cry Again 13 Everybody, put up your books... Bernie gonna tell a story.

(b) spec. To preserve and pack away (food); (also) to make (a preserve).

ΚΠ

1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 125 Put it up in bottles.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Marinated Fish,..Fish fryed in Oyl, and then put up in Pickle.

1776 P. Van Cortlandt Let. 2 Dec. in J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family (1977) ii. 137 If we tho't it advisable to have the Cattle killed & put up we have no Salt.

1777 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 420 Put the quinces up in pots.

1834 J. M. Peck Gaz. Illinois 42 Few families in the west and south put up their pork in salt pickle.

1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. v. 56 Fired with a housewifely wish to see her store-room stocked with home-made preserves, she undertook to put up her own currant jelly.

1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 2 July 4/5 Sidney women..have started putting up jam for the boys at the front.

1971 R. Thomas Backup Men v. 34 He's helping me put up some marmalade.

1980 M. Gordon Company of Women ii. iv. 158 ‘What do you think Muriel put up this year?’..‘Oh, yes, pears. Pickled pears.’

2002 M. Kurlansky Salt (2003) ix. 160 Most of the catch was put up in salt. Originally, the anchovy salters used local sea salt from Laplame.

b. transitive. To replace (a weapon, originally a sword) in a sheath, scabbard, holster, etc.; (more generally) to cease to deploy (a hand-held weapon). Formerly also intransitive.In quot. 1608 figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > strike with sword [verb (transitive)] > sheathe (sword)

to put upa1425

sheathec1430

scabbard1579

sheathe1607

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > use or fight with sword [verb (intransitive)] > sheath sword

to put up1602

a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) 70 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 22 (MED) Be noght vengeable; put vp thy swerde.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 2571 (MED) Put vp þi swerde, & no blood ne shede!

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d Thai..Put vp thair brandis sa braid burly and bair.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xviii. f. cxlvij^v Put vppe thy swearde into the sheath [Gk. βάλε, L. mitte].

1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. G3^v Font... I am arm'd, let them come in... Imp... Goe, goe, put vp.

1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. 164 To be wary how we carry our tongues, that they be safely put up from doing of hurt, and never unsheathed.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 78 Christian..was forced to put up his Sword, and betake himself to another weapon.

1716 J. Addison Drummer iii. i. 29 Put up your Sword, or I must never see you again.

1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals v. iii Put up, Jack, put up..—how came you in a duel?

1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. i. 4 None shall fight duellos here... Put up both of you.

1852 C. Duncan Autobiogr. iv It is not time to shoot now. Put up your gun.

1906 J. London White Fang iv. v. 247 He's got intelligence, and we've got to give that intelligence a chance. Put up the gun.

1942 Charleston (W. Virginia) Gaz. 2 Dec. 20/2 ‘You may put up your sword,’ he said, setting example by sheathing his own weapon.

1987 Herald (Melbourne) (Nexis) 28 Dec. I put up my gun and have not touched one since.

2005 Irish Times (Nexis) 1 Oct. (Weekend section) 6 Putting up their swords, the families battle with exchanged volleys of fresh pizza dough.

c. transitive. Agriculture. To shut up or confine (an animal), esp. for fattening. Also: to enclose or set aside (an area of land).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > place in house, stall, etc.

stall1390

to take up1482

to put up1607

cote1630

shed1850

lair1890

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [verb (transitive)] > crop with grass or hay > close meadow to grow hay

to lay in1600

to lay down1608

to shut up1765

to put up1892

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 668 They put vp a Hog to fatting.

1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick xiv. v. 317 They must be put up to fat four Moneths, you need give them nothing else but Barley-Meal, and Wheat-meal three times a day.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 410 The underling hog put up with the rest, is longest a fatting.

1799 G. Washington Writings (1893) XIV. 225 Before the period arrives for putting them up as porkers.

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 401 The stall beasts are..put up in sheds in October.

1892 J. C. Blomfield Hist. Heyford 2 ‘Ings’, or meadows put up for hay.

1933 Times 15 May 20/3 The surplus cockerels from breeding farms..should be put up for fattening.

1969 Fond du Lac (Wisconsin) Commonw. Reporter 29 Apr. 21/3 (advt.) 10 acres of land..to be put up for hay.

1975 E. Wigginton Foxfire 3 235 When I come in at night I'd put m' mules up an' ungear 'em.

(a) transitive. Originally: to stable (one's horse). Later: to accommodate, provide lodging for (a person or animal) temporarily.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > provide with temporary accommodation

innOE

harbourc1150

gestena1300

guestc1330

hostelc1330

receivec1384

sojourn1390

harbry14..

shroudc1450

bestow1577

accommodate1592

board1600

quarter1603

stow1607

to put up1635

billet1637

lodge1741

room1840

to fix (a person) up1889

summer-board1889

shack1927

1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) iv. xx. 400 Putting up his horse in an Inne, hee a little before supper time, goes to his father in law Morons house.

1699 Tryal Spencer Cowper 46 He..came to Hartford about 8 of the clock the same afternoon, and put up his Horse at the sign of an Inn there.

1720 D. Manley Power of Love 216 He ordered his Servant to put up the Horses in a strange Inn, and stay for him there 'till he returned.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. iii. 56 The hired horse that we rode was to be put up that night at an inn.

1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 23 375 Mr. Hunt..was ‘put up’ in the ground-floor of his Lordship's house.

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xx. 170 Mr. Robarts went to the inn, put up his horse, and then..sauntered back up the street.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 129 Can you put us up for the night?

1939 P. Barry Philadelphia Story (1942) i. 20 I'm putting them up for over the wedding.

1941 T. Kitching Diary 26 Dec. in Life & Death in Changi (1998) ii. 10 They have arrived in Kuala Lumpur: do I know where they can sleep? We put them up.

1980 B. Pym Few Green Leaves (1981) xxviii. 202 It had been kind of them to put her up, but she would have preferred to stay with Miss Lee.

1995 Visit'n (Vermont Folklife Center) 31/2 Most of the people when we have finished the ride are happy to come in the barn with me when I put up the horses.

2005 D. McWilliams Pope's Children vii. 104 He will have done an off-season deal with a hotel, putting them all up in decent suites for half nothing.

(b) intransitive. To stop or stay somewhere temporarily.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc.

gesten?c1225

innc1390

host?c1450

bait1477

to be (or lie) at hosta1500

hostela1500

sojourn1573

to take up1607

guest?1615

to set upa1689

to keep up1704

to put up1706

lodge1749

room1809

hotel1889

dig1914

motel1961

1706 tr. P. M. de la Martinière New Voy. to North 14 When we came to Steckby we were obliged to put up, the Night coming on.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iii. 21 We put up for the night at an obscure inn in a village by the way.

1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. vii. i. 135 The Captain fell in company with one who had the Cincinnati eagle at his breast, and riding on together, put up at the inn.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxv. 134 Let's either go on to London, sir, or put up at once.

1884 D. C. Murray in Graphic Xmas No. 5/3 Would it not be better..to put up here for the night?

1901 L. Woolf Let. 12 Sept. (1990) 20 We got caught in the rain & had to put up in a lonely cottage right out on the coast.

1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues 89 My wife Bonnie was putting up with some relatives and I knew she was O.K.

1992 TV Quick 19 Dec. (Central Region ed.) 101/1 Dean Jones puts up for the night at Blackbeard's Inn in the small town of Godolphin.

e. transitive. To settle (a person) to rest; to settle (a patient) in bed. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > apply type of treatment [verb (transitive)] > put to bed

to bring to bed, abedc1320

to put up1800

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 36 I just applied simple dressing,..putting him up in blankets, with no hope of his recovery.

1860 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (rev. ed.) iv. 74 Everything you do in a patient's room, after he is ‘put up’ for the night, increases tenfold the risk of his having a bad night.

1969 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 395/2 Put her up—put the baby to sleep.

a. transitive.

(a) To submit or present (a petition, application, complaint, etc.) for consideration; to send or hand up to a superior.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition > present (a petition)

to put up1384

porrectc1425

to put it to a person1664

overturea1856

1384 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 25 (MED) John More was on of the chief cause to procur that a bille sholde be put vp be the comunes conseyl.

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iv. 34 (MED) Þanne com pes into þe parlement & putte vp a bille.

1439 Rolls of Parl. V. 9/1 A Petition putte up to the Kyng.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 676/1 I wyll put up a complaynt agaynst the.

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Ciij^v The reuerend Elders of Martinisme had neuer put vppe any Billes of endightment against her the last Parliament.

1602 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1898) II. 13 They willed vs to bring our probations for the Grauamina we had put up against the Archpriest.

1665 J. Buck in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. B. p. xc There are no supplicats put up for King's College Fellows.

1708 A. Boyer Hist. Reign Queen Anne: Year the Sixth 374 The Viscount Charlemont having put up a Complaint against the Earl of Peterborough,..the same was referr'd to a Council of General Officers.

1766 Ld. Kames Remarkable Decisions Court of Session 1730–52 65 Begbie occasionally hearing that his decree was suspended, put up his protestation in common form.

1864 J. Fulton Free Govt. in Eng. & Amer. viii. 317 Let us put up a petition of right; not that I distrust the king, but that I cannot take his trust but in a parliamentary way.

1920 T. Seltzer tr. L. Andreyev Love of one's Neighbour in R. Shay & P. Loving Fifty Contemp. One-act Plays 219 Of course we must put up a complaint [to the Government].

1946 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 18 Sept. 14/1 The Rev. R. A. L. Knight..came before the House Committee on Social Services to put up a request.

1986 D. C. Potter India's Polit. Administrators i. 49 Masterman's two ministers were in the habit of simply initialling whatever he put up to them.

2000 O. Chapuis Last Emperors Vietnam iii. 53 Phan Thanh Gian, then governor of Vinh Long, put up a formal resignation, which was rejected by the court.

(b) To offer (a prayer, esp. a petition for help) to God or a god; to make (a plea) to a person.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (transitive)]

workOE

servec1175

usea1250

solemnize1382

exercisea1400

observec1425

solennizec1440

officyc1443

officec1449

execute1450

solemn1483

celebratec1487

solemnizate1538

frequenta1555

to put upa1628

officiate1631

ceremony1635

liturgy1716

a1628 J. Preston Life Eternall (1631) xvii. 165 He knowes the way to put up a prayer to him, and he shall finde a present helpe upon all occasions.

1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia v. 167 Dear Christian friends,..put up prayers to the Throne of grace In my behalf.

1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xlvi. 502 Our church..put up prayers to God in the behalf of it.

1757 D. Hume Nat. Hist. Relig. in Ess. & Treat. (1758) 500 The Lacedemonians..put up their petitions very early in the morning, in order to..pre-engage the gods in their favor.

1822 J. Galt Provost xxix. 220 During the remembering prayer, Mr. Pittle put up a few words for criminals under sentence of death.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lix. 536 The coarse tyrant..to whom she had been forced to put up petitions for time, when the rent was overdue.

1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxv. 260 At dinner I heard him put up thanks for what he was to receive.

1915 M. Aldrich Hilltop on Marne i. 11 May I humbly and reluctantly put up a plea for my health, and hope for a sympathetic hearing?

1947 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 15 Oct. 4/3 Standing still he put up a prayer for help.

1998 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 8 Oct. 22 It is not enough to put up a prayer and avoid my responsibility for what is happening in the world.

b. transitive. To bring (a person) before a judge, magistrate, etc.; to bring into court on a charge; to accuse formally. Also: to bring (a witness) to the stand in a court.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > lay to one's charge, impute

witec893

challenge1297

weena1300

to bear upon —c1300

likenc1400

layc1425

to put upa1438

object1447

establish1483

impose1484

reproach1490

annotea1513

lade1535

appoint1553

burden1559

clap1609

to charge (a fault, etc.) on, upon, against (a person)1611

upcast1825

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)]

wrayc725

forwrayOE

beclepec1030

challenge?c1225

indict1303

appeachc1315

aditea1325

appeal1366

impeachc1380

reprovea1382

arraigna1400

calla1400

raign?a1425

to put upa1438

present?a1439

ditec1440

detectc1449

articlec1450

billc1450

peach1465

attach1480

denounce1485

aret1487

accusea1500

filea1500

delate1515

crimea1550

panel1560

articulate1563

prosecute1579

impleada1600

to have up1605

reprosecute1622

tainta1625

criminatea1646

affect1726

to pull up1799

rap1904

run1909

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 109 (MED) Sche was putt vp befor þe Bischop of Worcetyr..& moneschid to aper be-for hym þer he lay.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 121 (MED) Som tyme..þer was a fysscher þat was a fornicatur, & on a tyme he was ferd to be putt vp at þe sene [L. in synodo accusari].

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. x. f. xiij When they put you vp, take no thought howe or what ye shall speake.

1753 Trial William Smith 12 Court. Put up Elizabeth Wall [sc. a witness] again.

1847 Times 7 June 7/4 She attended voluntarily..to answer the defendant's charge, and..was put up in the dock.

1912 J. Galsworthy Justice ii, in Plays II. 59 Judge. Call the next case. Clerk of Assize. (To a warder) Put up John Booley.

1949 F. Sargeson I saw in my Dream 75 He'd been sacked and put up for it, and he'd only got six months probation.

1964 ‘J. Prescot’ Case for Court ix. 175 Mr. Rose asked for the Sorensens to be put up at once so that the Chief Constable might make his application... The two accused were brought up into the dock.

1997 Mirror (Nexis) 14 Oct. 5 We were all put up before magistrate in prison today, and told to plead guilty to assault if we wanted to go home.

(a) transitive. To propose for election or membership, or (in later use) for an honour or award; to nominate.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > propose as candidate

purposea1382

nominate1560

propound1573

to put up1573

propose1675

run1765

to hold up1813

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [verb (transitive)] > nominate for acceptance as member

propound1573

propose1770

to put up1840

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [verb (transitive)] > propose for membership of club

to put up1840

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] > name or designate honourably > nominate for honour or award

to put up1966

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 2 Sinc mi grace amongst the rest was put up in the hous.

1682 Modest Enq. Election Sheriffs London 31 [They] both put up and Voted for Sir Humphrey Nicolson, and Mr. Box.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cxvi The Beasts Met in Councel to Chuse a King. There were Several Put up.

1718 P. Rae Hist. Late Rebellion 7 The Mob..insulted the honest Gentlemen that were put up for Members.

1769 New & Compl. Hist. & Surv. London xxxviii. 273 On the election of sheriffs, those aldermen who have not served that office, are put up in the order of their seniority.

1840 E. Bulwer-Lytton Money (ed. 4) i. 30 Shall I put you up at the clubs?

a1854 R. M. Bird News of Night i. i, in America's Lost Plays (1941) XII. 145 Put him up for sheriff—I'll vote for him, I swear I will.

1924 M. Baring C xix. 222 You have been put up as a candidate for the Quadranglers.

1966 N. Marsh Death at Dolphin (1967) vi. 154 We'll put you up for the Police Medal.

1994 Bk. & Mag. Collector June 46/1 Michael had been ‘put up’ for the Savile Club.

2007 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 17 Jan. 8 They have to nominate articles and photographs they think should be put up for an award.

(b) transitive. To call upon, bring forward, or make available to speak.For a similar use with reference to the calling of a defendant or witness into court see sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > deliver (a speech) [verb (transitive)] > bring forward (a person) to speak

to put up1694

1694 J. Strype Memorials T. Cranmer i. xxii. 88 He was put up to preach at Paul's Cross the first Lent after King Edward came to the Crown.

1716 D. Ryder Diary 30 Jan. (1939) (modernized text) 173 Mr. Newcome..has put up a man of Whiggish sentiments to preach.

1846 Times 14 July 4/5 The Chancellor of the Exchequer..was put up to speak by Lord J. Russell.

1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 597/1 He was the only speaker the Conservatives could put up..to answer or criticise Mr. Gladstone.

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent ii. 30 I was always put up to speak by the leaders at a critical moment.

1957 P. Carrington Early Christian Church I. vii. 139 There was a rowdy and disorderly gathering of the citizens in the enormous theatre, at which a Jew named Alexander was put up to speak.

2001 A. Theaker Public Relations Handbk. xv. 187 The company did not put up a spokesperson until Watchdog had featured the problem several times.

(c) intransitive. To stand as a candidate for election. Also: to apply for a position or job; to offer one's services.In quot. 1892: to offer oneself as the person who will do what is required, to set oneself up.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (intransitive)] > offer oneself as candidate

stand1542

to put up1705

offer1766

run1806

candidate1848

campaign1884

announce1892

1705 T. Hearne Jrnl. 20 Dec. in Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 134 He..modestly declin'd it. The like did also D^r. Hudson, who was desir'd by divers to put up.

1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orations xvi. 643 Did you not desert him, when he put up for being a septemvir?

1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus vii. 152 Linnæus put up for this vacancy,—and..obtained the professorship of physic and anatomy in 1741.

1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss III. vii. ii. 251 Young Guest will put up for the borough at the next election.

1892 Quiver Sept. 872/2 I am not master enough of the occult sciences to put up for defending Dan's character as a charmer.

1912 M. Swayne Sporting Instinct xxxi. 297 It occurred to me I might put up for the job. There's a small salary..and the work is the sort of stuff I understand.

1953 N. Gash Polit. in Age of Peel ix. 210 At the ensuing general election the Earl of Mulgrave put up as candidate.

1969 ‘R. Gordon’ Facts of Life 140 I spend all my time putting up for jobs.

2006 Guardian (Nexis) 1 June 35 In 1974 Tony agreed to put up for parliament himself—as a Liberal.

d. transitive. Originally: to invite bids for (a lot) at an auction; to auction. Later also: to make the subject of a competition; to invite competing offers or tenders for (a business proposition, etc.); to offer for sale.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > sell by public sale [verb (transitive)] > sell by auction > offer for sale by auction

to set upc1535

to put up1678

to bring (also send, put up) to the hammer1828

the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer for competition

to put up1892

1678 J. Vernon Compl. Compting-house 195 If it shall so happen that they cannot decide the Difference,..then the same Lot is put up again, and (if possible) better order is observed in the bidding.

1706 London Gaz. No. 4287/3 The Buyer to pay down 2 Guineas each Lot, or to be put up again.

1717 J. Hughes tr. Suetonius Lives XII. Cæsars II. 314 His whole Effects were by a Decree of the Prefects put up to Sale.

1769 T. Smollett Adventures of Atom I. 177 That blessed farm, which, were it put up to sale, would not fetch one sixth part of the sum.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xxv. 412 The most considerable offices in church and state were put up to sale.

1856 Leisure Hour 5 279/2 The lot was put up again, to be knocked down for six and threepence.

1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 Dec. 773/2 Oughtn't the post..to have been put up for public competition?

1931 S. Kaye-Smith Susan Spray i. 47 The farm..would be put up for auction.

1967 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 28 July 9/5 Plans and specifications for the access roads will be put up for tender.

1991 A. A. Aidoo Changes iv. 27 Once he knew he was about to die, he had put the house up for sale to spite his family.

e. transitive. To send or hand in (a communication, esp. banns of marriage) to be read out in church during a service; (hence) to read out, publish (banns).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (transitive)] > forward communication for service

to put up1685

1685 S. Sewall Diary 26 Mar. (1973) I. 59 I put up a Note to pray for the Indians.

1779 Coxheath-Camp I. xiv. 97 They had been about to put up the banns twice; but his mother each time fell sick.

1830 Examiner 396/2 I then went and put up the banns.

1892 Cornhill Mag. July 46 Their banns had been put up in the East End parish.

1911 Racine (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 17 May 8/3 Mr. Trent..was round here this morning to tell Father Conroy to put up the banns for himself and Olive Fletcher.

1957 E. Hanson Verlaine vii. 122 The evening before he had to put up the banns, three weeks before the wedding date, he arrived at the rue Nicolet in great good humor.

1999 Daily Mail (Nexis) 30 July 10 Come with me—we're going to put up the banns.

f. transitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To present or submit (a question, statement, etc.) to a person for consideration or response. Esp. in to put it up to a person: = to put it to a person at sense 23a(b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > ask, enquire [verb (transitive)] > ask a question

askOE

puta1350

inquirea1400

speera1500

demand1502

pose1862

to put up1901

lob1952

the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration

puta1350

purposea1382

propone1402

motion1505

exhibit1529

propound?1531

prefer1539

raise1566

to put forward1569

broach1579

start1579

offer1583

propose1614

first1628

to put it to a person1664

moot1685

suppose1771

pose1862

to put up1901

1901 N.Y. Tribune 26 Oct. 2/2 If this be not true, the candidate does not deny it. Much as we have put it up to him, we cannot wring an answer from Shepard.

1903 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 23 May 4/4 Secretary Johnston,..in common parlance, has put up the question to the Railroad Commission in the matter of abolishing the Galveston-Houston differential.

1906 Harper's Mag. June 68/1 When he finally put it up to me what I would do,—‘It would depend,’ I answered, ‘on what it was the woman has done.’

1950 F. B. Gilbreth & E. G. Carey Belles on their Toes xxi. 228 When Ernestine put the proposition up to Mother the next day, she might as well have saved her breath.

1957 H. V. Harper Days & Customs All Faiths iii. 82 He had been told in a vision that God had put it up to him to make the selection for her.

1991 E. P. Herring in M. A. Baer et al. Polit. Sci. in Amer. 37 We got him down to my office and put it up to him, you know, for the good of the cause.

g. transitive. To offer or give up (a child, pet, etc.) for adoption.

ΚΠ

1919 Fresno (Calif.) Republican 2 Dec. 15/4 The five-months-old baby who has been put up for adoption.

1956 Social Probl. 3 144 A legitimate but unwanted child being put up for adoption.

1970 N.Y. Times 14 May 52/1 (caption) An engaging pure-bred Boston terrier, one of [the] puppies put up for adoption by the North Shore Animal League.

1996 F. McCourt Angela's Ashes (1997) i. 10 You shoulda stayed single, put the child up for adoption, and you'd be a free woman today.

a. transitive.

(a) To place in a high or higher position; to raise, lift.to put a person's back up, to put up the shutters: see the nouns.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise

heave971

hevenOE

onheaveOE

rearOE

highOE

arearc1175

to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275

upbraidc1275

to set upc1290

lifta1300

upheavea1300

upraisea1300

upreara1300

enhancec1300

araise1303

hance1303

uplifta1340

lift1362

raisec1384

upbear1390

uphancec1390

advancea1393

haut?a1400

to put upa1400

verec1400

hainc1440

inhigh1483

elevate1497

uphigh1513

alifta1522

height1530

heighten1530

exalt1535

extol1549

sublevate1559

rouse?1567

attol1578

elate1578

vaunce1582

dight1590

higher1592

tower1596

to fetch up1612

relevate1620

screwa1625

transcend1635

stilt1649

allevate1696

stiltify1860

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5833 (MED) Þe water o þe flum þou ta And put it vp apon þe land.

a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 243 (MED) As hit a-proched to þe prince, he put [v.r. heeld] vp his hed For comfort of þe cloþ.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 49 (MED) Þat kyng..pytte hys hond vp, schewyng hym þe sterre.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 164 The purpour sone..Throw goldin skyis putting vp his heid.

1655 W. Sales Theophania i. 24 He beseeched him..(putting up his own beaver) fo [read so] far to honour him, that he might know his face.

1687 A. Behn Emperor of Moon iii. i. 43 (stage-direct.) Har. unseen, puts up the Back of his Calash, and whips off his Frock, and goes to drive on.

1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless IV. xxi. 263 He saw her lovely hand frequently put up to wipe away the tears that fell from her eyes.

1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 20 Oct. 1/5 A coach window glass that cannot be put up when it is down, nor down when it is up.

1897 F. Montgomery Tony (1898) 17 You will put up the windows in the tunnels, won't you?

1901 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 692/1 Here one sits and waits till a seal puts up his head.

1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent i. 78 ‘Very nice, dear Mabel,’ said Lavinia, putting up her lorgnon.

1988 Which? May 247/1 We..hesitated to ask a question. Eventually I put up my hand.

2006 F. Kiernan & G. Hemphill Still Game I. iii. 88 (stage direct.) Boabby is putting up whisky bottles into the optics.

(b) To arrange or dress (the hair) in such a way that it does not hang loose over the neck; to pin up. Formerly sometimes used allusively, with reference to this being a sign of a girl's coming to adulthood.

ΚΠ

1641 Diurnall Occurr. 3 Nov. 1640–3 Nov. 1641 101 Then taking his leave of all the Lords, [he] put off his Doublet himself,..and put up all his hair under his Cap, and so laid himself on the block.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 75 Married Women put up their hair within their Caps or Coifs.

?1715 E. W. tr. A. de Castillo Solórzano Life Donna Rosina (new ed.) ii. 86 [She] went along with him just as she was, without putting up her hair, which hanging over her shoulders added much to her beauty.

1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall iv. 34 Her hair..is frizzled out and put up with pins.

1897 E. W. Wilcox Three Women 52 He has worshiped her since first she put up her tresses, And let down the hem of her school-girlish dresses.

1914 Let. in New Fun 5 Dec. 16/2 My cousin Rita, as soon as she attained seventeen, was allowed to put her hair up and go into long frocks and become quite grown up.

1967 S. Marshall Fenland Chron. ii. vii. 224 Then she'd do her hair afresh, perhaps putting it up in a chignon bag, and put a clean white apron on.

2003 Daily Tel. 20 June 20/3 Turning my D & G jean jacket inside out..and putting my hair up, I slip in..to join the elegants who are playing blackjack and roulette.

(c) To set (a person) on horseback. Hence in Horse Racing: to employ (a person) as a jockey, esp. for a particular race.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > mount (a horse or other animal) > set on horseback

mount?1507

to put up1848

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > ride horse in race [verb (transitive)] > employ as jockey

to put up1848

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > ride horse in race [verb (transitive)] > mount jockey

to put up1848

1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys II. ii. 46 Brien was saddled..and Pat was put up.

1888 Times 26 June 4/5 Would they put up a jockey they believed to be dishonest?

1907 Washington Post 31 Mar. (Sporting section) 2/2 The young turf partners will put up Jimmy Hennessey on all of their starters.

1953 E. Coxhead Midlanders i. 32 Don't suppose you've yet been on horseback, miss? We'll put you up and see how you like it.

2004 Racing Post (Nexis) 25 July 19 I can understand that people might find it hard to put up a jockey who has been out a long while on a fancied horse.

(d) colloquial. In the imperative phrase put 'em up (also, less commonly, put them up): (a) ‘put your hands above your head!’, ‘hands up!’; (b) ‘raise your fists!’, ‘get ready to fight!’

ΚΠ

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxxix. 565 Put up your hands! Don't you go for a weapon! Put 'em up!

1881 A. Trollope Dr. Wortle's School II. ix. 182 It's a decent widow woman as keeps this house, and I won't see her set upon. Put 'em up.

1905 E. Turner & R. Hodder Purloined Prince xxiii. 348 He seemed to change his mind, and, lowering his arms, placed his hands in his pockets... ‘Put them up again,’ said the Prince quietly, as he stepped out from behind the Count and raised his revolver.

1923 E. Wallace Captains of Souls xliv. 240 I'm going to give you the damnedest lacing you ever had..put 'em up!

1940 P. Kerry Cobbers A.I.F. 17 Put 'em up, yeh lousy lair!

1997 Mirror (Nexis) 23 Oct. 24 We'd shout: ‘Put 'em up!’ and all these old bags would jump with shock.

(a) transitive. Hunting. To cause (game) to rise or emerge from cover. Also more generally: to rouse, start (an animal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > beat

beata1400

to put upa1475

tuft1590

tusk1592

fowl1611

flaxa1848

brush1876

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > drive from lair or cover

starta1393

raisec1425

to put upa1475

rear1486

uprear1486

to start out1519

rouse1531

uncouch?a1562

to den outa1604

dislodge1632

tufta1640

draw1781

jump1836

a1475 Diseases Hawk (Harl. 2340) f. 26^v When þu puttist vp A pertrych, þofe þi hawke A bate, holde fast, & marke it & lat þi spanell retryue it.

?a1500 Hunting of Hare in H. Weber Metrical Romances (1810) III. 285 The yomon rode and cryed: ‘So hoo!’ And putte the hare vp with his boo.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 113 Let him which hath the Hearoner (that is the male Hawke) put vp the Hearon.

1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 308 A spaniell..puts vp many a foule.

1659 N. Hardy Pious Votary 40 The Hare, that is put up by the Hunter and pursued by the hounds,..makes back to her fourme.

1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 299 The Footmen advance first, rushing into the Thickets, with their Dogs and Spears, to put up the Game.

1789 Eaton Chron. (Cheshire) 128 A noble fox was put up.

1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 345 Camp is in good health, and put up a hare.

1890 Longman's Mag. June 222 We put up a couple of tigers.

1932 A. Bell Cherry Tree vii. 82 The occasional single partridge that one put up on one's walk seemed a sad thing somehow.

1988 Country Walking May 28/1 Many a walker will have put up a fox as he or she crashes through the undergrowth.

2006 Dogs Monthly July 17/1 Whenever a wolf was either put up by the extended line of mounted beaters or flushed out of-the woods by scent hounds.

†(b) intransitive. Of a fish: to rise, swim towards the surface. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1781 G. Washington Let. 4 May in Writings (1937) XXII. 30 There is a quantity of Fish putting up on this River, of which the Troops at the Northward, may also have a proportion.

1874 F. Francis By Lake & River viii. 76 When walking home in the evening (there being a good rise on) I saw some rather fine fish putting up in the deep still dubs in that part.

1890 Field 31 May 799/1 The trout that put up here and there were after a tiny speck of midge-like character.

†c. intransitive. Of sap: to rise. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. liv. 363 When as the sappe putteth vp and commeth to the barke.

d. transitive. To cause to spring up or grow; to put forth (a tooth).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > cause to sprout or grow

multiplya1550

germinate1610

shoot?1610

to put up1626

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §549 It is reported, that hartshorn shaven, or in small pieces, mixed with dung and watered, putteth up mushrooms.

1829 Virginia Lit. Museum 16 Sept. 221 Whenever a field is not in cultivation, it puts up every where a rich luxuriant crop of a sort of wild vetch.

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 321 These teeth are put up when the calf is six months old.

1952 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 2 Oct. 25/5 If you have some clusters of bulbs which put up leaves but few blooms, perhaps they are unduly crowded.

1970 Ecol. Monogr. 40 9/2 The deciduous shrubs leafed out..and forbs, such as Bahia absinthifolia, put up shoots and bloomed.

2006 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 25 Mar. s5 It's a sign when the amaryllis puts up its first leaf: That festive time of year is just around the corner.

e. transitive.

(a) To place (a notice, sign, etc.) in a position where it may be seen; to post up.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill > put up a placard, notice, or bill

stickc1425

to set upc1540

to stick up1562

post1647

to put up1693

poster1938

1693 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin New Hist. Eccl. Writers VI. 92 He published the Sixth Council anew, put up the Picture of it, and caused the Acts to be written out again by the Deacon Agatho.

1696 T. Dogget Country Wake iv. ii. 47 Every thing within Doors is ready; and there is nothing wanting without but the Sign to be put up.

1712 J. Arbuthnot Lewis Baboon iv. i. 3 He had hardly put up his Sign, when he began to debauch my best Customers from me.

1771 Votes & Proc. Lower House of Assembly of Maryland 79 Using his best Endeavours to procure Buyers, by Notices put up.

1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 46 §113 Such rules..shall..be put up, either in print or in writing, on such place..as the..council shall think proper.

1890 Globe 7 June 1/4 He put up notices requesting visitors to leave the plants alone.

1934 Times 19 Feb. 13/5 Flaring neon signs have been put up to announce that the houses on which they are placed are hotels.

1992 Out Summer 29/2 Sonnabend sided with those who fought to put up safer-sex informational posters in the gay bathhouses.

(b) Sport (originally Cricket). To achieve as a score. Cf. post v.¹ 3e.In North American use now frequently in to put up (big, good, etc.) numbers: to score highly or freely; (hence, also in extended use) to play or perform well.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > score

get1634

make1680

score1742

notch1836

steal1836

to put up1860

rattle1860

to put on1865

tally1875

net1907

to rack up1921

slam1959

1860 Baily's Monthly Mag. 1 428 Grundy put up 11 and 16.

1894 Lowell (Mass.) Daily Sun 22 Feb. 1/1 The five Vesper rollers put up a score of over 2900 for three frames on their own alleys.

1932 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 23 Feb. 15/8 Batting first, the Free Foresters put up 244 for 8.

1975 News (Port Arthur, Texas) 27 Apr. 5 c Good numbers put up by the women included Pat Malcomb at 594.

1977 R.A.F. News 30 Mar. 18/1 The only WRAF rider, SACW Jennie Hye of West Drayton, put up a plucky 44·42.

1997 Barron's 18 Aug. 31/3 I have a passion for running money and am committed to putting up big numbers.

2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 116 I didn't care what atrocities we were inflicting on a credulous public... I was putting up serious numbers, and holding my own with the best of the lifers.

2006 Express & Echo (Exeter) (Nexis) 23 Aug. 52 Simon Wragg put up 70 for Exeter's first wicket.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > carry or wear (insignia) [verb (transitive)]

bearOE

to put up1944

1944 Punch 12 July 42/3 I've just heard he [sc. a subaltern] has put up his third pip.

1959 M. Gilbert Blood & Judgement xiv. 147 He could easily have put up a medal ribbon he wasn't entitled to.

1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army iv. 39 They can then ‘put up their stripe’.

f. transitive. Cricket. To hit (a ball) or make (a shot) high into the air (thus rendering it easy to catch).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > hit > hit with specific stroke

take1578

stop1744

nip1752

block1772

drive1773

cut1816

draw1816

tip1816

poke1836

spoon1836

mow1844

to put up1845

smother1845

sky1849

crump1850

to pick up1851

pull1851

skyrocket1851

swipe1851

to put down1860

to get away1868

smite1868

snick1871

lift1874

crack1882

smack1882

off-drive1888

snip1890

leg1892

push1893

hook1896

flick1897

on-drive1897

chop1898

glance1898

straight drive1898

cart1903

edge1904

tonk1910

sweep1920

mishook1934

middle1954

square-drive1954

tickle1963

square-cut1976

slash1977

splice1982

paddle1986

1845 W. Denison Cricketer's Compan. 1844 p. ix Had the chances from the ball being put up been taken advantage of.

1890 Field 31 May 790/2 Holden next put a ball up to long-on.

1926 Times 22 July 7/3 The former put up a ball for Brown, running from forward to short leg, to make a simple catch.

1955 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 16 June 12/1 Holt..put up a catch to Favell at leg slip, but the fieldsman dropped it.

2002 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 3 Aug. 2 Mistakes soon followed as Powell and Matthew Maynard put up catches to deep mid-off.

4. transitive. To erect, set up (a building or other structure); to construct, build.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct

workOE

dighta1175

to set upc1275

graitha1300

formc1300

pitchc1330

compoundc1374

to put togethera1387

performc1395

bigc1400

elementc1400

complexion1413

erect1417

framea1450

edifya1464

compose1481

construe1490

to lay together1530

perstruct1547

to piece together1572

condite1578

conflate1583

compile1590

to put together1591

to set together1603

draw1604

build1605

fabric1623

complicate1624

composit1640

constitute1646

compaginate1648

upa1658

complex1659

construct1663

structurate1664

structure1664

confect1677

to put up1699

rig1754

effect1791

structuralize1913

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)]

timbera900

workOE

betimberOE

craftOE

buildc1275

lifta1300

stagec1330

upraise1338

wright1338

edifya1340

to make outa1382

to make upa1382

biga1400

housea1400

risea1400

telda1400–50

to work upa1450

redress1481

levy1495

upmake1507

upbuild1513

exstruct?c1550

construct1663

to run up1686

practise1739

to lay up1788

elevate1798

to put up1818

to lay down1851

practicate1851

1543 in J. D. Marwick & R. Renwick Charters rel. Glasgow (1906) II. 198 The said Andro to put wp ane sufficient spowit of leid.

1596 in Coll. for Hist. Aberdeen & Banff (1843) 386 That..his maister..in hamelenes had causit put up the cott for saftie of his sheip in euil wedder.

1657 in Extracts Rec. Royal Burgh of Lanark (1893) 159 To put up thrie putes to the south wall for ane flesh merkat.

1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 25 There are an infinite number of Busto's of the Grand Monarque every where put up by the Common People.

1717 Boston News-let. 11 Mar. 2/2 (advt.) Good Sash Glass, with Lead Lines, Rolls and Pins fitting for the same, the glass being framed ready to put up.

1763 Newcastle Courant 1 Oct. in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 20 The lamps put up in the streets..were lighted up for the first time.

1818 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 573 The making a Bridge and putting up the Gates at the end of that walk.

1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. xi. 287 Here are lighthouses we have put up to prevent shipwrecks.

1901 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 326 Soon fires were twinking all around, tents were put up, and after a hearty meal refuge from the cold was sought beneath the blankets.

1968 N. Mosley Impossible Object 188 The hotel was new and had been put up to attract tourists.

1989 Which? Jan. 24/3 It's a popular choice as a way of putting up shelves at home.

2003 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Mar. g14/6 Mr. Foster, who is selling the property himself, expects a buyer to flatten the existing buildings and put up a stylish mansion.

†a. transitive. figurative. To submit to, endure, or suffer quietly or patiently (an insult, injury, etc.). Obsolete.Perhaps originally a figurative use of sense 1a(a) (for a similar sense-development cf. pocket v. 7a). Now superseded by to put up with.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate

forbearc897

tholec950

bearOE

abidec1300

bidea1325

takec1330

suffer1340

wielda1375

to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384

supportc1384

to sit with ——c1400

sustainc1400

thulgec1400

acceptc1405

to away with1528

brook1530

well away1533

to bear with —1538

digest1553

to comport with1565

stand1567

purse?1571

to put up1573

well away1579

comport1588

fadge1592

abrook1594

to come away1594

to take up with1609

swallow1611

embracea1616

to pack up1624

concocta1627

to set down bya1630

to take with ——1632

tolerate1646

brook1658

stomach1677

pouch1819

1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 48 All this I put up quietly.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 91 Abuses..which, with honour, he can neuer put vp at their hands.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 184 I will indeed no longer indure it, Nor..put vp in peace, what already I haue foolishly sufferd.

1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) iv. sig. B8 He can put vp any iniury sooner then this.

1702 Reasons for War with France & Spain 11 We ought not..to put up such an Injury to a Prince that has endear'd himself to us by his Justice, Valour and Clemency.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. v. 193 He must be a scandalous fellow indeed, who would put up a Drubbing whilst the Law is open to revenge it.

1832 Philol. Museum 1 477 The ridicule which the minister..might put up from his jocose friend.

b. intransitive. to put up with: to submit to, suffer uncomplainingly; (more generally) to endure, bear; to accept, tolerate.

ΚΠ

1641 G. Abbot Vindiciæ Sabbathi 90 As if sanctification which alwayes signifieth to set apart to an holy use should be properly interpreted by resting from worke: as if God would put up with negative service only.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxi. 52 That is nothing at all, but a Rebuke to the Pride of his high Condition, which he did not expect, and knows not how to put up with.

1755 Connoisseur (1756) No. 100. 605 All these indignities I very patiently put up with.

1783 Miss Elliott Portrait I. 16 Did I not know you to be a good, aye, and an affectionate hearted girl too, I should not so easily put up with it.

1839 T. De Quincey Dinner in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 829/2 Whether Pope ever put up with four o'clock dinners again, we have vainly sought to fathom.

1887 A. Jessopp Arcady viii. 235 [An] organ grinder..hunted out of London streets, where they will not put up with him.

1948 T. Heggen Mister Roberts viii. 109 I don't have to put up with talk like that and I don't intend to!

1976 S. Wales Echo 27 Nov. 6/3 People will have to go on putting up with a badly pot-holed road.

2006 Today's Golfer May 194/4 My three mates and I played anywhere that would put up with a bunch of enthusiastic hackers.

†6. intransitive. Probably: to advance or move up to, to address oneself to. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1677 T. D'Urfey Fond Husband ii. iii. 18 Oh!—here she is;—and ifack I'll put up to her now I have found her. How dost thou do, Girl?—Hah! how dost thou do? Give me thy hand.

a1745 J. Swift Discovery in Wks. (1755) IV. i. 298 With this he put up to my lord, The courtiers kept their distance due.

7. transitive. To raise, give voice to (a cry, etc.); to utter loudly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (transitive)] > raise (a shout)

arearc1380

rearc1400

raisea1425

to put up1730

1730 Gen. Hist. Turks, Moguls, & Tatars I. ix. iii. 247 Every time that Din Mahamet Sultan put up a Cry, the Lord who conducted him cry'd on his part Risha!

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 276 I put up the shrill whoop of friendship.

1829 W. Irving Chron. Conquest Granada II. 314 They put up loud shouts of triumph.

1892 Quiver Mar. 359/1 They put up a great shout of admiration.

1942 L. D. Rich We took to Woods ii. 40 When the end of the string comes abreast of the surveyor, he puts up a shout and the rodman stops and makes his blaze.

1960 Times 30 Sept. 10/2 After the first explosion, the huge crowd immediately put up a shout of ‘paredon, paredon’ (firing squad).

2003 C. Mitchell George Washington's New Jersey xvii. 97 When the American artillery was running short of paper wadding to hold the powder and balls in their cannons, they put up a loud cry.

8. transitive. Cards. To lay down (a card), esp. in a trick-taking game in which players are partnered; to play (a card).

ΚΠ

1742 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist 30 If your Adversary..puts up a Trump which your Partner cannot win,..he will return your Partner's Lead.

1760 A. Murphy Way to keep Him ii. 46 C leads his Suit, D puts up the King then returns the Suit.

1840 Madison (Wisconsin Territory) Express 5 Sept. [He] had spent many a silent hour studying..faro, brag, poker, seven-up, and..‘stocking’ and ‘putting up’ cards.

1900 Chicago Sunday Tribune 23 Dec. 20/7 South put up the ace of spades at trick No. 1.

2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 28/1 Consider..playing East for the doubleton king rather than putting up the queen.

9. transitive. colloquial.

a. With to. To make (a person) conversant with or aware of something, esp. something kept secret or not generally known; to inform of, instruct in. Cf. to put on to —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > inform (a person)

to teach a person a thingc888

meanOE

wiseOE

sayOE

wittera1225

tellc1225

do to witc1275

let witc1275

let seec1330

inform1384

form1399

lerea1400

to wit (a person) to saya1400

learn1425

advertise1431

givec1449

insense?c1450

instruct1489

ascertain1490

let1490

alighta1500

advert1511

signify1523

reform1535

advise1562

partake1565

resolve1568

to do to ware1594

to let into one's knowledge1596

intellect1599

possess1600

acquainta1616

alighten1615

recommenda1616

intelligence1637

apprise1694

appraise1706

introduce1741

avail1785

prime1791

document1807

to put up1811

to put a person au fait of1828

post1847

to keep (someone) straight1862

monish1866

to put next to1896

to put (one) wise (to)1896

voice1898

in the picture1900

to give (someone) a line on1903

to wise up1905

drum1908

hip1932

to fill (someone) in on1945

clue1948

background1961

to mark a person's card1961

to loop in1994

1811 T. E. Hook Trial by Jury ii. ii. 27 How shall I put him up to the trick?

1824 Hist. Gaming Houses 18 in Compl. Hist. Murder Mr. Weare Those who had been ‘put up’ to the secrets, or made acquainted with the manner of doing the flats.

1828 Examiner 589/1 I want you to put the people at the inn up to my not coming.

1891 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 357 He put me up to one or two things worth knowing.

a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) lix. 268 How was it that all the clever people of Cambridge had never put him up to this simple rejoinder?

1946 G. B. Shaw Let. 22 Oct. in L. W. Conolly Sel. Corr. (2002) IV. 154 I put him up to the tricks of Romeo's top scene at Mercutio's death, and he was convinced, or pretended to be.

b. To incite, encourage, or persuade (a person) to an action, or to do something, esp. something illegal, mischievous, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

1812 J. Galt Maddalen iii. vii, in Tragedies 50 Dear aunt, What prompting spirit put you up to this?

1829 W. B. Fowle New Speaker 310 She never would have touched what was not her own, if her vagabond lover had not put her up to it.

1892 Good Words Sept. 584/1 He put me up to try to get into Harris's secrets.

1935 ‘A. Bridge’ Illyrian Spring ix. 111 He put Aunt Gina up to write tactfully to that God-awful Roseneath woman..to find out about her movements.

1980 W. Golding Rites of Passage (1982) 78 Always one for a joke, Mr. Deverel... He put him up to it.

2000 N. Barr Deep South (2001) xviii. 332 Do you think he was the one put the boys up to alligatoring your garage?

c. To annoy (a person); to ‘wind up’, stir up. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex

gremec893

dretchc900

awhenec1000

teenOE

fretc1290

annoyc1300

atrayc1320

encumberc1330

diseasec1340

grindc1350

distemperc1386

offenda1387

arra1400

avexa1400

derea1400

miscomforta1400

angerc1400

engrievec1400

vex1418

molesta1425

entrouble?1435

destroublea1450

poina1450

rubc1450

to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450

disprofit1483

agrea1492

trouble1515

grig1553

mis-set?1553

nip?1553

grate1555

gripe1559

spitec1563

fike?1572

gall1573

corsie1574

corrosive1581

touch1581

disaccommodate1586

macerate1588

perplex1590

thorn1592

exulcerate1593

plague1595

incommode1598

affret1600

brier1601

to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603

discommodate1606

incommodate1611

to grate on or upon1631

disincommodate1635

shog1636

ulcerate1647

incommodiate1650

to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653

discommodiate1654

discommode1657

ruffle1659

regrate1661

disoblige1668

torment1718

pesta1729

chagrin1734

pingle1740

bothera1745

potter1747

wherrit1762

to tweak the nose of1784

to play up1803

tout1808

rasp1810

outrage1818

worrit1818

werrit1825

buggerlug1850

taigle1865

get1867

to give a person the pip1881

to get across ——1888

nark1888

eat1893

to twist the tail1895

dudgeon1906

to tweak the tail of1909

sore1929

to put up1930

wouldn't it rip you!1941

sheg1943

to dick around1944

cheese1946

to pee off1946

to honk off1970

to fuck off1973

to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977

to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983

to wind up1984

to dick about1996

to-teen-

1930 H. G. Wells Autocracy Mr. Parham iv. i. 266 This cheap Mussolini at Westminster is putting us up some!

1960 T. McLean Kings of Rugby xi. 160 Hill's protest was more likely to restore the true spirit of the game than..some other method of retaliation by the Canterbury men who believed that they were being put up.

10. transitive. Originally Criminals' slang. To collaborate or conspire with others to perpetrate (a robbery, deception, etc.); to plan in advance, prearrange, preconcert. Esp. in to put up a job. Cf. earlier put-up adj. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > plan a theft

to put up1829

1829 Times 23 Sept. 3/4 Although nothing transpired to warrant her further detention, she is still suspected of having ‘put up’ the robbery.

1865 N.-Y. Times 5 Feb. 8/5 He resigns, asseverating, meantime, that his comrades have ‘put up a job’ to compass his expulsion from the department.

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xiv. 251 He was convinced that the manager, in a spirit of mean revenge, had put up a job on him.

1942 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 4 Oct. 32/5 Were they putting up a job on Hitler, subjecting him to a blitz of nerves?

1965 P. Baker Wild Bunch at Robber's Roost viii. 102 Tom would go out of his way any day to ‘put up a job’ on someone. Sometimes the hoax was rather elaborate.

11. transitive.

a. To stage or produce (a play or other entertainment); = to put on 12 at Phrasal verbs 1. to put up an (also †one's) appearance: to put in an appearance (see appearance n. 2). to put up a show: see show n.¹ 4a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)]

enact1430

to set out1540

to bring (a person) on or to the stage1602

to bring on1768

to get up1782

to put up1832

stage1879

to put on1885

1832 H. Martineau Demerara in Tales Polit. Econ. II. iv. i. 10 A few of the sluggards who had not put up their appearance at the proper hour.

1838 C. Dickens Let. ?Nov. (1965) I. 465 I don't know what they put up at the Theatre for that night.

1852 Punch 11 Dec. 257/1 The entertainments this week have been of a slight and desultory character, the management being..glad to ‘put up’ anything they could get.

1891 New Rev. Dec. 506 A manager..may ‘put up’ the ‘Midsummer Night's Dream’.

1905 W. C. Hazlitt in Newcastle Daily Chron. 21 May 4/5 The only showman who used to put up an appearance was old Tommy Elliott, an itinerant exhibitor, with his peep-show.

1958 Arizona Daily Sun 12 July 1/8 I would have liked to get that kind of dough to put up a production over here.

1996 East Afr. (Nairobi) 13 May 24/8 That excellent drama Pambazuka they put up recently in Nairobi.

b. To exhibit or give (a (usually good) account of oneself) in a struggle, fight, argument, sporting contest, etc. Later also: to make (a protest, disturbance, etc.); to ‘kick up’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist > make show of resistance

show1577

baya1657

to show the bull-horn1833

to put up1881

1881 Washington Post 8 Feb. 2/5 His principal pleasure is in stock gambling, and..he must put up a great game now and then on the public to enjoy himself.

1882 Atlanta Constit. 18 Aug. With a plucky leader they [sc. the democrats] are going to put up a fight that will satisfy their opponents.

1926 Lincoln (Nebraska) Sunday Star 17 Jan. 2/1 The specialist grain farmer will put up a fuss in times of low corn prices.

1928 H. Crane Let. 27 Mar. (1965) 320 I put up quite a fight, but neither of us were in much condition.

1966 ‘L. Lane’ ABZ of Scouse 111 Tripe-hound, a mongrel dog. Also applied to a racing greyhound that persists in putting up a disappointing performance.

1988 A. N. Wilson Tolstoy i. 16 He ordered his troops to fire on the rebels, and they fled without putting up any resistance.

2003 Backwoods Home Mag. Nov. 9/2 A disgruntled, sourpussed organized fringe group just puts up a fuss, and a community..caves in.

12. transitive. To raise, increase (a price, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices)

raise?a1513

enhance1542

enhaulse1600

exhance1667

inflamea1687

to run up1709

rise1740

to put up1838

hike1904

up1934

price-gouge1940

uplift1962

1838 Times 25 Dec. 2/6 Our millers have determined upon putting up the price of flour to 62s. again.

1890 Harper's Mag. Oct. 758/1 His governor..had quite lately put his allowance up a hundred pounds.

1914 N.Y. Times 21 Aug. 5 From the local market came the complaint of the Kosher delicatessen men that the manufacturers had put up prices.

1949 K. Ferrier Let. 18 May (2004) iii. 79 I pointed out they hadn't put up my fee for next year, and got it put up on the instant!

1966 Listener 12 May 687/3 The Rhodesian crisis put up the price of copper from Zambia, and then Chile put up the price of its copper.

1993 C. MacDougall Lights Below 177 That's the bloody Tories for you, put up the price of everything and blame the working man.

13. Originally U.S.

a. transitive. To stake or provide (money); to pay up. Also more generally: to supply, come up with.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > pay up or out

to pay out1438

to pay over1668

to shell down1801

pony1819

tip1829

to fork out, over, or up1831

to stump up1833

to put up1838

stump1841

pungle1851

to ante up1880

cough1894

to peg out1895

brass1898

1838 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. Sept. 428 He put up the money again in stakes.

1853 H. Melville Bartleby ii, in Putnam's Monthly Mag. Dec. 609/1 ‘Done!’ said I, ‘Put up your money.’

1879 E. Harrigan Mulligan Guard Ball (typescript) i. i. 7 Aint he putting up all the meat for the ball supper to-morrow night?

1892 Harper's Mag. May 870/1 Prussia, together with the remaining states, puts up sixteen army corps.

1967 T. Cade Bambara Playin with Punjab in Gorilla, my Love (1972) 73 He'd..put up bail a couple of times for some of the star pupils.

1993 M. Gee Going West (1994) 61 The big companies were not interested. The smaller had no money to put up.

b. intransitive in same sense. to put up or shut up (colloquial): to take action, ‘come up with the goods’, or to stop talking about something; ‘to put one's money where one's mouth is’ (usually in imperative).

ΚΠ

1858 Marysville (Ohio) Tribune 21 July Now, if he means business, let him put up, or shut up, for this is the last communication that will come from me in regard to this fellow.

1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xl. 512 This was a plain case of ‘put up, or shut up’.

1899 ‘R. Connor’ Sky Pilot xv. 202 The boys ginerally put up for what they wanted without no fuss.

1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards 237 You're putting up for it, and I ought to be much obliged.

1943 Z. N. Hurston Let. 25 July in Life in Lett. (2002) 493 I am one of those people who put up or shut up.

1952 Manch. Guardian Weekly 1 May 3/4 The old alternatives will be revived: put up or shut up—get out or get on to the Yalu and beyond.

1996 T. Clancy Executive Orders liv. 738 You blue-suits been telling us for years how ballsy those Aegis cruisers are. Put up or shut up, okay?

14. transitive. Angling. To prepare (a cast of flies); (also) to fasten (a fly) to a line.

ΚΠ

1860 C. Kingsley in Fraser's Mag. Sept. 334/2 An imitation of these little ground bees is a deadly fly the whole year round... There are those who never put up a cast of flies without one.

1863 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 455/2 John Hossack..was on the back of the dog-cart with the rods,..putting up a cast of flies.

1892 Field 17 Sept. 454/1 When putting up a new fly, the wings, hackle, and body are painted over with the paraffin.

1901 Field 9 Nov. 739 I put up a fine cast with three biggish flies tied on fine gut (a March brown, a Zulu, and a black palmer).

1958 Times 5 July 9/4 It is one thing to put up a fly at the boot of the car, or to change calmly to a fresh one on the terra firma of the river bank when no fish is being engaged.

1975 B. Clarke Pursuit of Stillwater Trout i. 37 I want to get them [sc. trout], and every time I slip on a wader, and put up a fly, it is with this in mind.

†15. transitive. U.S. To judge, regard, or assess (a person, situation, etc.) in a particular way. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > take the measure of

measure?a1425

gauge1583

to sum up1631

measure1684

to touch off1766

to take (also get) the measure of1790

to get (also take, etc.) a person's number1853

reckon1853

to put up1864

size1884

to weigh up1894

to read the room1975

1864 Chicago Tribune 11 May 3/4 There is no longer any doubt in my mind concerning the matter. I will tell you how I put it up, and take the consequences.

1877 ‘M. Twain’ in Atlantic Monthly Nov. 590/1 Would you like to have me explain that thing to you?.. Now, this is the way I put it up.

1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 674/2 And Jack says to himself, ‘Well,..I done what I could! What is to be will be.’ That's about the way I put it up.

PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses. to put at ——

Scottish.

intransitive. To take action against (a person); †to proceed against, prosecute (obsolete); to importune, press.In later use sometimes in prepositional passive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > urgently or persistently

pressa1425

instandc1450

to put at ——1534

importune1548

push1595

to put upon ——a1617

drum1833

what-the-hell1924

opportune1941

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)]

pursue1389

suea1422

pleada1425

proceed1425

pleac1450

to wage one's (or the) law1455

to go to (the) law?a1513

to put at ——1534

to prosecute the law against (also upon)1535

law?a1550

to follow a suit1571

prosecute1611

to go to suit1690

litigate1726

1534 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 138 Helyne, he is ane slawe payar, put at hyme.

1547 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 69 The autorite to putt at thame baith in thair personis, landis, and gudis, quhill tha cum to obedience.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 322 The Douglassis pat sair at the Lord Lyndsay.

1583 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 599 Thay ar persewit and put at for the said publict act.

1616 Sir C. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 Sir Robert Rich puts hard at them for the extent of his land.

1685 in W. Mackay & G. S. Laing Rec. Inverness (1924) II. 332 That the nonsolvents may be put at to pay their proportiones according to their bonds.

1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 127 Pit-at, to dun; as ‘The bankers beginnin' t' pit-at him for the bill’.

1907 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. IV. iii. 73 Argyle advised Carstares that Simon should not be put at for this.

1956 C. M. Costie Benjie's Bodle 130 Agnes wisno hard-pitten at for money.

to put on ——

1. transitive. To entrust or commit to the ruling or verdict of. Chiefly (now only) reflexive. Frequently in to put oneself on one's (also the) country (see country n. 7). Now chiefly historical.In early use occasionally more generally: †to commit oneself to (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear causes [verb (intransitive)] > submit to trial by jury

to put oneself on one's (also the) countrya1425

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > commit oneself to the verdict of

to put on ——a1425

to put upon ——a1470

a1425 Long Charter of Christ, C Text (Royal 17 C.xvii) (1901) l. 607 (MED) On holy wryte I may put me, Wedyre I be curtas or noȝt to þe.

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 33 (MED) The tenaunt shal putten hym on God and on the oth of xij men goode, lawful, and trewe..which of hem hath more right to holden the tenement axed.

a1635 R. Sibbes Learned Comm. 2 Cor. i. (1655) xii. 303 When he [sc. Abraham] had put himself on God, and left his Countrey, and his fathers house, God guided him.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 532 The King being now resolved to live on his revenue, without putting himself on a Parliament, he was forced on a great reduction of expence.

1869 W. Longman Hist. Edward III I. ii. 39 Thomas de Berkeley, accused..‘put himself on his country’, and was consequently tried by a jury of twelve men.

1948 C. C. Olson & M. M. Crow Chaucer's World i. 16 Ralph denied any grounds for John's assault; they put themselves on the country.

1977 J. B. Given Society & Homicide 13th-cent. Eng. v. 97 One person who refused to put himself on a jury was returned to prison. Another man, who also refused to submit to a jury trial, was allowed to abjure the realm.

2002 Law & Hist. Rev. 20 19 A defendant who denied plaintiff's description of the covenant could put himself on a jury or wage his law to prove his denial.

†2. intransitive. Scottish. To urge; to importune. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune

depressc1400

nurnc1400

pressc1440

labourc1450

instancea1513

instanta1513

importune1530

to lie at, upon1535

apply1559

urge1568

importunate1574

ply1581

to put on ——?a1600

flagitate1623

besiege1712

earwig1804

bone1856

tout1920

S.O.S.a1936

opportune1941

?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 368 How everie wyfe on vther puttis, Bidding the bischop pay for his guttis.

3. intransitive. Of a cab or its driver: to join (a rank). Cf. to put on 10 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1860 Times 9 June 11/5 He afterwards put on the rank on Holborn-hill, and then took a fare to the Waterloo Station.]

1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? 22 I decide to put on a hotel rank.

to put on to ——

colloquial.

1. transitive. To provide (a person) with information about or knowledge of something; to ‘let (a person) in on’; to tip off about.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > pointing out > point out [verb (transitive)] > to a person

refer1549

to put on to ——1846

1846 G. W. M. Reynolds Myst. London II. clxvi. 83/1 They have put us on to all that we have done up to the present time. P'raps we should do better to wait for the information that they can give us.

1876 R. M. Jephson Girl he left behind Him I. i. 22 Captain Garstang proceeded to..give him a few ‘straight tips’ and ‘put him on to a good thing’ or two.

1883 Davenport (Iowa) Weekly Gaz. 28 Nov. [He] visited the Police Station..to put the police ‘onto’ the fact that their store was burglarized Sunday night of several overcoats, [etc.].

1902 H. G. Wells Let. 2 Sept. in H. Wilson Arnold Bennett & H. G. Wells (1960) 83 Accept I pray you my warmest thanks. And also for putting me on to that quite brilliantly done..book.

1924 A. Christie Poirot Investigates vii. 165 A friend of mine in the City put me on to a very good thing, and..I have money to burn.

1996 T. Parker Violence of our Lives i. 16 One night I told him I'd be interested in pulling a job if one was going, and asked him could he put me on to something.

2. transitive. To refer or introduce (a person) to another specified person.

ΚΠ

1849 Times 20 Nov. 7/5 He said, ‘Some kind friend, I suppose, has put you on to me,’ and I took him to the station-house.

1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. xii. 227 She's niver asked you all this time, an' if she does, put her on to me. I'll keep it from her as long as I can.

1949 A. Christie Crooked House xii. 93 I could put you on to a couple of the tame psychiatrists who do jobs for us.

1989 N. Sherry Life Graham Greene I. xl. 663 He asked Parsons to put Greene on to people who would be useful to him in Mexico.

2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze xxviii. 318 ‘Who's your contact?’ ‘Bill Peterson put me onto you.’

to put out of ——

Cf. to put out at Phrasal verbs 1.

1. transitive.

a. To remove or expel from a place; to send or take out of somewhere.In early use sometimes: †to exclude or bar from church, synagogue, etc. (obsolete).to put out of the way: see way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 2h(c)(i).

ΘΚΠ

outshoveOE

to do out of ——OE

shovec1200

to put out of ——c1225

to cast out1297

void13..

usurpa1325

to put outa1350

outputa1382

outrayc1390

excludea1400

expulse?a1475

expel1490

to shut forth1513

to put forth1526

to turn out1546

depel?1548

disseisin1548

evict1548

exturb1603

debout1619

wincha1626

disseise1627

out-pusha1631

howster1642

oust1656

out1823

purge1825

the bum's rush1910

outplace1928

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)]

unteeOE

to take out of ——c1175

forthdraw?a1300

out-takea1350

to take outa1382

excludec1400

dischargec1405

to get outc1432

tryc1440

extraya1450

out-have1458

to take fortha1550

extract1570

reave1640

eliciate1651

roust1658

uncork1740

to put out of ——1779

to break out1840

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 578 (MED) Ah he forgulte him anan, þurh þe eggunge of eue, & wes iput sone ut of paraise selhðen.

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1073 (MED) Þine barouns..sschal..Put þe out of þi kinges sete And sette him stede inne þine.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges ix. 41 Gaal & hise felawis he putte out of þe cite [L. expulit de urbe], ne in it he suffride to dwellyn.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §27 Thilke penau[n]ce..is in two maneres, as to be put out of holy chirche in lente.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) John xii. 2 That thei schulden not be put out of [L. eiicerentur] the synagoge.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 114 (MED) The preest þat put ȝewe out of Chirch, shall lede ȝew in ageyn.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxviii. 99 God..made her to become lepre, in soo moche that she was put oute of the town.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cclxxxi. 421 They can nat..put you out of your realme by their smokes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 95 They were of the Countrie of Germany, and put out of their Countrie by a maner & sort of a Lot.

a1615 Balnagown MS in W. R. Baillie Breve Cron. Earlis of Ross (1850) 17 He was sinistruously and wrongously put out of the Abbay.

1677 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 395 Dr. Bathurst is no great freind to the M[aste]rs and hath said it often that many of them deserve to be put out of the house.

1779 G. Keate Sketches from Nature (ed. 2) II. 92 The new India silk handkerchief..which..he had forgot to put out of his pocket.

1853 E. E. Stuart Let. 26 Feb. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) I. 481 This has put Whiggery out of Michigan, & the cry now is Protestantism against Popery.

1874 J. A. H. Caird Notes on Sheepfarming in N.Z. iii. 23 A small door for each shearer to put his shorn sheep out of the shed, and into the counting out pens.

1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 160 They had threatened to put out of the temple anyone who espoused him.

1999 C. Tóibín Blackwater Lightship (2000) vii. 224 She can put people out of her nice house in Wexford if she likes, but she can't put people out of here.

b. To drive from a person's thoughts, memory, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration

to put out of ——a1250

to lay awaya1400

to set asidec1407

to lay by1439

to lay asidec1440

to let (something) walkc1450

to set apart?1473

reject1490

seclude?1531

to let go1535

to put offc1540

to set by1592

sepose1593

to think away1620

to look over ——a1640

prescind1650

seposit1657

decognize1659

inconsider1697

to set over1701

shelf1819

sink1820

shelve1847

eliminate1848

to count out1854

discounta1856

defenestrate1917

neg1987

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 39 Þet heo pute euerich worldlich þing..ut of hire heorte.

a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 968 Kan I naught seyn..If sorwe it putte out of hire remembraunce.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) x. xxvii. sig. C.iiij He putte all that oute of his thoughte.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 72 (MED) All suche goodis as ye haue hadde..ye haue to sone put them owt of your knowlege.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xii. 42 They..besought God, that the fawte..might be put out of remembraunce.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxix^v To obliterate and put oute of memorie that note of infamie.

1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 745 I sent to Pemisapan to put suspition out of his heade, that I ment presently to goe to Crotoan.

1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events iii. 44 I have done all that I can to put this idle fantasie out of my head.

1687 R. L'Estrange tr. M. de Cervantes in Spanish Decameron 309 He could no ways..put out of her thoughts in the least, the contradiction of this unfortunate News.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 85 The Servant went for the Ale, but some Hurry in the House, which perhaps, employed her otherways, put it out of her Head; and she went up no more to him.

1769 B. Franklin London lxvii. 841 The surprize may put all out of your mind.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. xiv. 310 You said something just now that put every thing out of my head.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiii. 226 The chatter of French politics..had quite put most of the old legends out of mind.

1935 L. MacNeice Poems 13 The evil bells Put out of our heads, I think, the thought of everything else.

1974 D. Goines Daddy Cool x. 133 She didn't believe the john would have enough nerve to accost her on the street, so she just as quickly put him out of her mind.

2006 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 22 Jan. (You Mag.) 44 Any thoughts of a career in music were put out of her head by an early marriage and the arrival of her son.

2. transitive.

a. To release or relieve from a condition of pain, distress, or discomfort. to put (a person or animal) out of (his or her) misery (also pain): to kill (a wounded or suffering person or animal); (also) to release (a person) from suspense or anxiety by informing him or her of something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)]

areddec885

leeseOE

reddOE

winc1220

deliver?c1225

ridc1225

quita1250

betellc1275

casta1300

to cast outa1300

liverc1330

rescuec1330

wrechec1330

borrowc1350

to put out of ——c1350

to bring awaya1400

redea1400

wreakc1400

rescourec1425

rescousa1450

savec1480

relue1483

salue1484

redeem1488

recovera1500

redressa1500

eschewc1500

rescours1511

to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526

recourse1533

withtakec1540

redeem1549

vindicate1568

retire1578

repair1591

reprieve1605

to bring off1609

the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > kill for specific reason [verb (transitive)] > mercy killing

to put out of (one's) painc1375

to put (a person or animal) out of (his or her) misery (also pain)1792

euthanatize1873

euthanize1975

c1350 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 58 (MED) Godes holi modir..In pais þou put vs out of paine, Turnand þe name of eue againe.

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 716 (MED) I puit ȝou holly out of drede.

a1500 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 173 To be put owt of dystress.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlvi. 154 His grete youthe put hym out of his sorow.

1685 W. Clark Grand Tryal vii. 48 Since thou canst..by one word destroy This Creature, why shouldst so much time employ In Torturing of it..And not by one blow put me out of pain.

1792 J. Woodforde Diary 16 May (1927) III. 351 My poor old Horse, Punch..was shot by Ben this Morning to put him out of his Misery.

1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies xxiv. 183 After the first shot or two, we had reconciledit to our feelings, by the old plea of puttingthe poor animal out of his misery.

1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! III. xii. 353 Writhing in his great horror, he called to Cary to kill him and put him out of his misery.

1915 E. Corri Thirty Years Boxing Referee 175 The way in which a gamekeeper puts a rabbit out of pain.

1923 G. Atherton Black Oxen xxvi. 145 Tell them all about it... Put them out of their misery.

1936 R. Frost Further Range 33 To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.

1995 T. Parks Ital. Educ. 152 [They] find an early lizard with one leg missing, and there is the usual discussion about whether to put the thing out of its misery.

b. To remove from, or cause to be no longer in, a specified condition.to put out of countenance: see countenance n.¹ 6b. to put out of joint: see joint n.¹ 2. to put a person's nose out of joint: see nose n. Phrases 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition > put out of a state or condition

to put out of ——c1425

pluckc1475

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2004 (MED) Sche put hem out of al suspeccioun, For openly þer was no tokne sene.

c1480 in D. Gray & E. G. Stanley Middle Eng. Stud. (1983) 141 But yff we be r[e]formede, I put yow out of dowte, The lylye wyll avoyde vs that we shall hytt neuer see.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxv To put the matter out of doubt.

1660 S. Pepys Diary 9 Mar. (1970) I. 84 I made a promise..to drink no strong drink this week, for I find that it..puts me quite out of order.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 34 Which put the Vizier so out of Patience.

1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. Self-deceit in Wks. (1874) II. 481 Who would choose to be put out of humour with himself?

a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) iii. 141 Enough to put us out of Conceit of such Defenders.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 685 The English Commons had sometimes put him out of temper.

1884 Manch. Examiner 15 May 5/4 The opposition of the Board of Trade..put that out of the question.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out v. 77 By one of those accidents which are liable to happen at sea, the whole course of their lives was now put out of order.

1942 C. Headlam Diary 23 Apr. in S. Ball Parl. & Politics in Age Churchill & Attlee (1999) viii. 308 [They] succeeded in blowing holes in the bottom of Queen Elisabeth and a cruiser, putting them out of action for months.

1999 J. R. Nicolson Shetland Fishermen ii. 29 The skipper's first task was to put the engine out of gear.

3. transitive.

a. To force (a person) from the state of being in possession of something; to do out of something. In later use chiefly: to deprive of work or business.

ΚΠ

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 48 (MED) Me wole..puten þe widuten of alle þine þincge.]

1399 Rolls of Parl. (2005) III. 423/2 It es noght my wille that..I wold disherit any man..no put hym out of that that he has and has had by the gude lawes and custumes of the rewme.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7340 (MED) Þai wit-in a tuel-moth stage War put vte o þair heritage.

1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 45/1 Oure Soverain Lorde..was robbed and dispoyled and put oute of his..godys.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 23 (MED) After þe synne, he put me out of myne heritage.

1623–6 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Exauthorate, to put men of warre out of wages.

1672 T. Manley Νομοθετης: Cowell's Interpreter sig. Z2b Disheritor, one that disinheriteth, or puts another out of his Inheritance.

1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino v. 8 The Landlord cannot forfeit the Farm to him, he cannot put him out of his Inheritance.

1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) vii. 249 A number of men with their families..had been put out of employment and subsistence.

1866 S. B. Warner Word I. xvii. 219 Driven from home, her boy put out of his birthright, disowned and disgraced, she felt no doubt very forlorn.

1936 N.Y. Woman 23 Sept. 48/3 Praying for the time when cellophane puts the cleaners out of business.

1995 Wired June 211/1 The Luddite cottagers thought it was inhuman to be put out of work by machines.

b. To depose or dismiss from office or authority.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]

outOE

deposec1300

remuec1325

to put out1344

to set downc1369

deprivec1374

outputa1382

removea1382

to throw outa1382

to put downc1384

privea1387

to set adowna1387

to put out of ——?a1400

amovec1425

disappoint1434

unmakec1475

dismiss1477

dispoint1483

voidc1503

to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546

relieve1549

cass1550

displace1553

unauthorize1554

to wring out1560

seclude1572

eject1576

dispost1577

decass1579

overboard1585

cast1587

sequester1587

to put to grass1589

cashier1592

discompose1599

abdicate1610

unseat1611

dismount1612

disoffice1627

to take off1642

unchair1645

destitute1653

lift1659

resign1674

quietus1688

superannuate1692

derange1796

shelve1812

shelf1819

Stellenbosch1900

defenestrate1917

axe1922

retire1961

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > take upon oneself > to expel or remove from office

to put out of ——?a1400

eject1576

to take off1745

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 112 (MED) He exiled þam & schent, Þat had kept þe land þorgh Mald þe Emperice; Þat were hir wele willand were putt out of office.

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 171 Thanne be he put out of [Fr. enouste] his offys in the maner afornseyd.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xvi. f. ciij When I am put out of my stewardshippe.

?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 390 Serg[ean]t Wylde..after many services was putt out of his place of Chiefe Baron by the Prot[ecto]r.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §102. 468/2 The King..of Bohemia..is proscribed and put out of his Electorship.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 474 [The Duke of York] moved that the Duke of Monmouth should be put out of all command.

1837 Times 28 Aug. 2/5 We should almost be afraid lest the ‘girl’..should take it into her head some fine morning to put him out of office.

1895 New Eng. Mag. Feb. 700/1 Instead of denouncing the criminals who govern our cities, the decent citizens ought first to put the criminals out of office.

1914 N. D. Harris Intervention & Colonization Afr. i. 10 Disraeli..was put out of office in 1880 because his acts failed to meet with popular favor.

1938 C. A. Ellwood Hist. Social Philos. xxiii. 364 He was put out of his position in 1844.

1993 R. M. Thomas & A. Diver-Stamnes What Wrongdoers Deserve iii. 34 The congressman was obviously lying, so he deserves to be put out of office.

to put upon ——

1. transitive. = to put on —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2. Chiefly (now only) reflexive. Frequently in to put oneself upon one's (also the) country (see country n. 7). Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > commit oneself to the verdict of

to put on ——a1425

to put upon ——a1470

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 165 Yondir is a knyght..Lette hit be putt uppon hym, and as he demeth hit, so shall hit be.

1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. xxiii. 83 Thou..hast beene endicted of such a felonie and thereof arraigned, thou hast pleaded not guiltie, and put thy selfe vpon God and thy Countrie, they haue found thee guiltie.

1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides (1679) 110 And for his Tryal hath put himself upon God and the Countrey, which Countrey you are.

1793 ‘A Barrister at Law’ Treat. Law & Proc. Cases High Treason iv. 118 A peer cannot waive his trial by peers, and put himself upon the country, that is upon twelve freeholders.

1811 W. Scott in Misc. Prose Wks. (1835) XVII. xii. 307 The verses prefixed announce a determination in the author to step out of the common road of composition, and to put himself upon his country for the issue of his trespass.

1965 Times 7 Dec. 13/3 In criminal offences a man has the right to ‘put himself upon the country’.

†2. intransitive. Scottish. To urge; to importune. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > urgently or persistently

pressa1425

instandc1450

to put at ——1534

importune1548

push1595

to put upon ——a1617

drum1833

what-the-hell1924

opportune1941

a1617 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1827) 21 It were time for us, by prayer, to put upon our master-pilot, Jesus, and to cry, ‘Master, save us; we perish’.

1630 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. vii. 54 It were time for us, by prayer, to put upon our master-pilot Jesus, and to cry, ‘Master, save us: we perish.’

3. intransitive (a) To impose on, take advantage of (a person), to victimize. †(b) To play a joke or trick on (a person), to fool, dupe Obsolete.Chiefly in prepositional passive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > trick, hoax [verb (transitive)]

jape1362

bejape1377

play1562

jugglea1592

dally1595

trick1595

bore1602

jadea1616

to fool off1631

top1663

whiska1669

hocus1675

to put a sham upon1677

sham1677

fun?1685

to put upon ——1687

rig1732

humbug1750

hum1751

to run a rig1764

hocus-pocus1774

cram1794

hoax1796

kid1811

string1819

to play off1821

skylark1823

frisk1825

stuff1844

lark1848

kiddy1851

soap1857

to play it (on)1864

spoof1889

to slip (something) over (on)1912

cod1941

to pull a person's chain1975

game1996

society > authority > strictness > make more strict or severe [verb (transitive)] > exact too much from

exact1564

to put upon ——1857

1687 A. Behn Amours Philander & Silvia 237 She bid him furnish himself with all he wanted;..but he fear'd himself put upon, which..made him less consider than he would perhaps otherwise have done.

1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia iii. i. 47 He shall use me no more like a Dog: he shall put upon me no longer.

1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iii. i. 24 Sir Joseph has found out your Trick, and does not care to be put upon.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. vi. 113 [He] advised him not to carry the Jest too far, for he would not endure being put upon .

1748 C. Dibdin Lionel & Clarissa ii. ii. 28 I'm come of people that won'd'nt see me put upon; there are those that wou'd take my part against the proudest he in the land.

c1830 M. M. Sherwood Houlston Tracts III. lxxxi. 10 I was so far up to Anne Simpson, that..I would not be put upon by her.

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. ii. 54 ‘I should not have fancied Miss Harvey the sort of person to set up herself in defiance of me.’ ‘The more reason, Sir, if you'll forgive me, for your not putting upon her.’

1890 Mrs. H. Wood House of Halliwell II. iii. 58 You remember..how she used to put upon me.

1910 E. H. Cooper Newmarket Squire 52 The French maid was very old, the English cook young and gay and strongly opposed to being ‘put upon’.

1990 J. Y. Brooks Guests of Emperor i. xxv. 304 She felt both frightened and put upon.

2006 Company Nov. 220/2 Someone who owes you big time tries to put upon you yet again, but don't let them.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	put
释义	putn.¹ Brit. /pʊt/, U.S. /pʊt/ (in senses 1, 2, 3)Scottish English /pʌt/ Forms: Middle English– put, late Middle English– putt. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: put v. Etymology: < put v.In Scots use in senses 1, 2, 3 usually pronounced /pʌt/; compare putt n.³, and discussion at put v. 1. A throw of a stone or other heavy weight. Now only in Athletics: an act of putting the shot, a throw of the shot.In quot. c1450 figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > throwing weight, shot, or ball putc1300 puttingc1300 shot put1887 shot-putting1894 weight-putting1900 weight throwing1901 softball throw1930 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1055 (MED) He..kipte up þat heui ston..He putte..Ouer alle..Twel fote and sumdel more; Þe chaunpiouns þat put sowen, Shuldreden he ilc oþer and lowen. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 73 (MED) Quod Conscience, ‘where haddist þou þat speche?..Þe put of þe stoon þou maist not reche; To litil myȝte is in þi sleue.’ 1867 Times 25 Mar. 5/6 T. Bateson..carried off the prize for the stone with a ‘put’ of 30ft. 9in. 1888 Manitoba Daily Free Press 16 Nov. At 20 lbs. McPherson started with 39 ft. 1½ in., and this was increased as they went along, the fifth put for each being the best. 1962 Brit. Jrnl. Aesthetics 2 132 The word ‘beautiful’, applied..by athletes to a big put of the weight as well as to the Discobolus. 1993 Cornell Daily Sun 22 Feb. 17/4 Junior shot putter Scott Perkins came in second place. He became an AC4A qualifier with a put of 50–11. 2. An act of thrusting or pushing; a thrust; a push, a shove; a nudge; a butt from the head of an animal. Also figurative. Now rare (chiefly Scottish regional (north-eastern) in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > striking with pushing action > pushing > a push piltc1300 thrutchc1400 puta1450 dinga1500 push1613 hunch1630 budge1714 bunt1767 dunch1770 jow1790 thrust1823 poke-up1905 shtup1977 a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 4588 (MED) In his sadle he held him still And smote Darel with so goode will, In middes of the sheld ful butt, That Darel fell doun with that putt. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 A tender peronall that myght na put thole. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation (1644) 117 When it begins at us, God knows..who shall bide the next put. a1599 R. Rollock Sel. Wks. (1844) II. 511 He will come and give them a putt, with sharpness and mercy. 1633 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 104 To come in behind you, and give you and your burdens a put up the mountain. c1660 S. Rutherford Christs Napkin 11 With a Touch of the Almighty's Hand, or a Put of his Little Finger, with the Blast of his Mouth, saying, It is done. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 197 If ever I get his Cart whemling, I'll give it a Putt. 1827 W. Taylor Poems 29 O for a put to Friendship's shore. 1863 E. Farmer Scrap Bk. (ed. 3) 60 The pig..Made a put at the closed..door. 1895 Arbroath Guide 5 Jan. 3 I gae Marget a putt. 1929 John o' Groat Jrnl. 20 Dec. in Sc. National Dict. (1968) 7 290/2 Willag guid me a putt. 1974 B. Brophy in New Statesman 28 June 929/1 The jacket, an unsuccessful but not dishonourable put at the manner of Magritte. 3. Scottish. An attempt, a venture, an undertaking. Chiefly (now only) in to make (also keep) one's put good: to succeed in an attempt to do something, to attain one's goal. Sc. National Dict. at Putt v. records this phrase as still in use in southern and western Scotland in 1967. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt tastec1330 assayc1386 proffera1400 proof?a1400 pluck?1499 saymenta1500 minta1522 attemptate1531 attempt1548 attemption1565 say1568 trice1579 offer1581 fling1590 tempt1597 essay1598 trial1614 tentative1632 molition1643 conamen1661 put1661 tentamen1673 conatus1722 shot1756 go1784 ettle1790 shy1824 hack1830 try1832 pop1839 slap1840 venture1842 stagger1865 flutter1874 whack1884 whirl1884 smack1889 swipe1892 buck1913 lash1941 wham1957 play1961 1661 S. Rutherford Lett. (1881) 28 Fearing I should not make my putt good. a1679 J. Brown Expos. Epist. to Romans (1766) viii. 322/2 The apostle..challengeth any..to see if they can make their putt good, in challenging poor believers. a1689 W. Cleland Coll. Poems (1697) 15 It would be a difficult task, For a Phisogmanist to tell, Which of three doeth most excel; Bachus, Venus, Mars, to wit, Foresooth it were a kittle put. 1706 Advantages Scotl. 30 Is it probable that we..could make our Putt Good against the English, who are much more Populous. 1715 A. Pennecuik Curious Coll. Scotish Poems in Geogr., Hist. Descr. Tweeddale App. 3 You must with all Speed Reconcile, Two Jangling Sons of the same Mother,..with one another; Pardon Us Sir, for all your Wit, We fear that prove a kittle Putt. 1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. ix. 230 The mistress..made her putt good, and the satin dress was obligated to be sent to her. 1864 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin xviii. 175 In this way he seldom failed to mak' his put guid wi' the women-folk. 1897 E. W. Hamilton Outlaws of Marches xix An you would mak' your put guid, dinna let on that ye think him ailing. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 243 ‘Keep eer putt guid’ (= maintain your effort). 4. Stock Market. An option to sell assets at an agreed price on or before a particular date. Cf. put v. 34, call n. 13b. More fully put option. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements intromission1567 hedginga1631 retiring1681 partnership1704 put1718 time bargain1720 bargain for time1721 option1746 call1825 put and call1826 cornering1841 corner1853 raid1866 pooling1871 squeeze1872 call option1874 recapitalization1874 short squeeze1877 split-up1878 margin call1888 pyramid1888 profit taking1891 pyramiding1895 underwriting1895 melon-cutting1900 round turn1901 market-making1902 put-through1902 put and take1921 round trip1922 put and take1929 leverage1931 split-down1932 switching1932 give-up1934 mark to market1938 recap1940 rollover1947 downtick1954 stock split1955 traded option1955 leg1959 stock splitting1959 rollover1961 split1972 spread betting1972 unitization1974 marking-to-market1981 swap1982 telebroking1984 1718 S. Centlivre Bold Stroke for Wife iv. i. 36 Are you a Bull or a Bear to day, Abraham? 3d. Stock[broker]. A Bull, faith,—but I have a good Putt for next Week. 1825 C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy II. 139 For the call or put. 1881 Guide Oper. Stocks 15 A Put Option should be obtained when a decline in the market is expected to take place. 1933 H. D. Berman Stock Exchange xvi. 75 Suppose you take the view that the price is likely to fall heavily in the near future. You do not wish to sell as an unprotected bear, so you ‘give for the put’ for three months. 1961 Daily Mail 18 Sept. 13/4 In the past three weeks ‘put’ options (where a fall in the shares is expected) have been an outstanding feature of the option market. 1995 Times 9 June 21/4 NatWest Securities sold 1,000 put options, equivalent to a million shares, while Smith New Court was said to have bought call options and sold puts in the July series of options. †5. [Short for force-put n.] An unavoidable action or situation; = force-put n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > [noun] > scope for choice > absence of noneeOE force-put1658 Hobson's choice1660 put1805 1805 L. Dow Jrnl. 4 Feb. in Trav. & Providential Experience (1806) II. 69 Here the family, either as a put or for convenience, were guilty of improprieties. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). putn.² Brit. /pʌt/, U.S. /pət/ Forms: 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional) putt, 1700s– put. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: put v. Etymology: < put v. (compare put v. 23c, although this is first attested later). Now historical. A card game for two, three, or four players, in which three cards are dealt to each player, a point being scored either by winning two or more tricks or by bluffing the other players into conceding. Occasionally also: the winning of five points, and thus the game (see quot. 1680²). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > put put1629 1629 T. Crosfield Diary 25 Dec. (1935) 38 Games at Chartes. Ruffe. trumpe. slamme. Gleeke. Newcut. Swigg. Loadum. Putt. 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) xv. 92 If you play at two-handed Putt (or if you please you may play at three hands) the best Putt-Card deals. 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) xv. 93 Five up or a Putt is commonly the Game. 1711 E. Ward Vulgus Britannicus (ed. 3) iii. 99 Where day by day they us'd to sot, At All-fours, Cribidge, or at Put. c1778 in F. Moore Songs & Ballads Amer. Revol. (1856) 192 Jack, thinking of cribbage, all fours, or of put, With a dextrous hand, he did shuffle and cut. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 267/1 He had heard an old tailor say that in his youth..‘put’ was a common public-house game. 1891 Harper's Mag. Mar. 595/1 The kitchen was cleared of furniture for dancing, and the old folk played at ‘put’ and ‘all-fours’ in the parlour, though at last they gave that up to join in the dance. 1927 T. J. Wertenbaker First Americans xi. 270 In 1686 Captain Soane and Richard Dearlove of Henrico indulged in a game of put for fifteen hundred pounds of tobacco. 1995 L. St. C. Robson Mary's Land xlvii. 364 Shall we play a game of put, Margaret? 2000 D. Parlett Penguin Encycl. Card Games 130 Put..the English equivalent of Truc was a disreputable old tavern game. Compounds † put-card n. Obsolete a card used in the game of put. ΚΠ 1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester xvi. 133 The slick is when before-hand the Gamester takes a Pack of Cards, and with a slick-stone smooths all the Putt-Cards. 1711 J. Puckle Club 23 Marking Putt-cards on the edge with the nail as they come to hand. 1800 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved 307 After cutting for deal, &c. at which the highest put-card wins, three cards, by one at a time, are given to each player. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). putn.³ Brit. /pʌt/, U.S. /pət/ Forms: 1600s–1800s putt, 1600s– put. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. colloquial (originally cant). Now archaic and rare. A stupid or foolish person, a blockhead. Cf. country put n. at country n. and adj. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > stupid person, dolt, blockhead > [noun] asseOE sotc1000 beastc1225 long-ear?a1300 stock1303 buzzard1377 mis-feelinga1382 dasarta1400 stonea1400 dasiberd14.. dottlec1400 doddypoll1401 dastardc1440 dotterel1440 dullardc1440 wantwit1449 jobardc1475 nollc1475 assheada1500 mulea1500 dull-pate15.. peak1509 dulbert?a1513 doddy-patec1525 noddypolla1529 hammer-head1532 dull-head?1534 capon1542 dolt1543 blockhead1549 cod's head1549 mome1550 grout-head1551 gander1553 skit-brains?1553 blocka1556 calfa1556 tomfool1565 dunce1567 druggard1569 cobble1570 dummel1570 Essex calf1573 jolthead1573 hardhead1576 beetle-head1577 dor-head1577 groutnoll1578 grosshead1580 thickskin1582 noddyship?1589 jobbernowl1592 beetle-brain1593 Dorbel1593 oatmeal-groat1594 loggerhead1595 block-pate1598 cittern-head1598 noddypoop1598 dorbellist1599 numps1599 dor1601 stump1602 ram-head1605 look-like-a-goose1606 ruff1606 clod1607 turf1607 asinego1609 clot-poll1609 doddiea1611 druggle1611 duncecomb1612 ox-head1613 clod-polla1616 dulman1615 jolterhead1620 bullhead1624 dunderwhelpa1625 dunderhead1630 macaroona1631 clod-patea1635 clota1637 dildo1638 clot-pate1640 stupid1640 clod-head1644 stub1644 simpletonian1652 bottle-head1654 Bœotiana1657 vappe1657 lackwit1668 cudden1673 plant-animal1673 dolt-head1679 cabbage head1682 put1688 a piece of wood1691 ouphe1694 dunderpate1697 numbskull1697 leather-head1699 nocky1699 Tom Cony1699 mopus1700 bluff-head1703 clod skull1707 dunny1709 dowf1722 stupe1722 gamphrel1729 gobbin?1746 duncehead1749 half-wit1755 thick-skull1755 jackass1756 woollen-head1756 numbhead1757 beef-head1775 granny1776 stupid-head1792 stunpolla1794 timber-head1794 wether heada1796 dummy1796 noghead1800 staumrel1802 muttonhead1803 num1807 dummkopf1809 tumphya1813 cod's head and shoulders1820 stoopid1823 thick-head1824 gype1825 stob1825 stookiea1828 woodenhead1831 ning-nong1832 log-head1834 fat-head1835 dunderheadism1836 turnip1837 mudhead1838 donkey1840 stupex1843 cabbage1844 morepork1845 lubber-head1847 slowpoke1847 stupiditarian1850 pudding-head1851 cod's head and shoulders1852 putty head1853 moke1855 mullet-head1855 pothead1855 mug1857 thick1857 boodle1862 meathead1863 missing link1863 half-baked1866 lunk1867 turnip-head1869 rummy1872 pumpkin-head1876 tattie1879 chump1883 dully1883 cretin1884 lunkhead1884 mopstick1886 dumbhead1887 peanut head1891 pie-face1891 doughbakea1895 butt-head1896 pinhead1896 cheesehead1900 nyamps1900 box head1902 bonehead1903 chickenhead1903 thickwit1904 cluck1906 boob1907 John1908 mooch1910 nitwit1910 dikkop1913 goop1914 goofus1916 rumdum1916 bone dome1917 moron1917 oik1917 jabroni1919 dumb-bell1920 knob1920 goon1921 dimwit1922 ivory dome1923 stone jug1923 dingleberry1924 gimp1924 bird brain1926 jughead1926 cloth-head1927 dumb1928 gazook1928 mouldwarp1928 ding-dong1929 stupido1929 mook1930 sparrow-brain1930 knobhead1931 dip1932 drip1932 epsilon1932 bohunkus1933 Nimrod1933 dumbass1934 zombie1936 pea-brain1938 knot-head1940 schlump1941 jarhead1942 Joe Soap1943 knuckle-head1944 nong1944 lame-brain1945 gobshite1946 rock-head1947 potato head1948 jerko1949 turkey1951 momo1953 poop-head1955 a right one1958 bam1959 nong-nong1959 dickhead1960 dumbo1960 Herbert1960 lamer1961 bampot1962 dipshit1963 bamstick1965 doofus1965 dick1966 pillock1967 zipperhead1967 dipstick1968 thickie1968 poephol1969 yo-yo1970 doof1971 cockhead1972 nully1973 thicko1976 wazzock1976 motorhead1979 mouth-breather1979 no-brainer1979 jerkwad1980 woodentop1981 dickwad1983 dough ball1983 dickweed1984 bawheid1985 numpty1985 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 knob-end1989 Muppet1989 dingus1997 dicksack1999 eight ball- the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > ignorant chuffc1440 lob1533 lobcocka1556 hick1565 bumpkin1570 swad1572 hob-clunch1578 hoblob1582 clubhutchen1584 gran1591 bacon1598 boor1598 hobbinol1600 homespun1600 lob-coat1604 loblolly1604 hobnail1645 bacon-slicer1653 jobson1660 hob-thrush1682 country put1688 put1688 clodhopper1699 bumpkinet1714 joskin1811 yokel1819 whopstraw1821 chaw-bacon1822 lobeline1844 farmer1864 sheepshagger1958 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] > rude or ignorant chuffc1440 mobarda1450 lob1533 lobcocka1556 clown1565 hick1565 bumpkin1570 swad1572 peasant1576 hob-clunch1578 hoblob1582 clubhutchen1584 bacon1598 boor1598 hobbinol1600 homespun1600 loblolly lamb1600 lob-coat1604 loblolly1604 hobnail1645 champkina1652 bacon-slicer1653 jobson1660 hob-thrush1682 country put1688 put1688 country cousin1692 clodhopper1699 hawbuck1787 Johnny Raw1803 joskin1811 yokel1819 whopstraw1821 chaw-bacon1822 lobeline1844 country jake1845 Hoosier1846 hayseed1851 Reuben1855 scissorbill1876 agricole1882 country jay1888 rube1891 jasper1896 farmer1903 stump jumper1936 woop woop1936 potato head1948 no-neck1961 1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia i. i. 3 O fy Cozen: A Company of Putts! meer Putts! 1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Epidicus ii. iii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 99 Now I'll in, and receive the Mony o' this old silly Put. 1712 C. Johnson Wife's Relief iv. ii. 45 Come, open your Purse-strings, you old Put. 1753 Adventurer No. 100. ⁋2 Peculiarities which would have denominated me a Green Horn, or in other words, a country put very green. 1802 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1803) 6 215 The buck, who scorns the city puts, And thinks all rich men noodles. 1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xliv Look at that old putt in the chair: did you ever see such an old quiz? 1886 F. Harrison Ess. 168 What droll puts the citizens seem in it all! 1916 J. Masefield Sweeps of Ninety-eight 84 Fitz. What's the old put there muttering? Sand. Ah, don't pay any heed to him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). putv. Brit. /pʊt/, U.S. /pʊt/, Scottish English /put/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle put; Forms: 1. Old English pytan, Middle English puit, Middle English puite, Middle English puyt, Middle English puyte. OE Monasteriales Indicia (1996) lxxvii. 36 Gyf þe slana lyste, þonne sete þu eallswa þinne þuman and pyt mid þinum scytefingre in þine swynstran [read wynstran] hand on þornes getacnunge þe hi on weaxað.lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Domitian A.viii) anno 796 Ceolwulf Myrcna cing..gefeng Eadberht Præn,..& let him pytan ut his eagan & ceorfan of his hand.c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 923 Þin almesse þu shalt forþ puite [rhyme luite].c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 527 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 598 Ȝif þou be mon of bodi strong..Puyt þi strengþe in-to prou.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vi. 100 And puiteþ [c1400 Trin. Cambr. pokiþ] forþ pruide to preisen þi-seluen.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. 42 Þei..Bringeþ forþ Ballede Resouns..And puyteþ [c1400 Trin. Cambr. putte] forþ presumpciun to preue þe soþe. 2. a. Present stem Middle English puthe, Middle English putthe (3rd singular indicative), Middle English pvtt, Middle English (1800s U.S. regional) pute, Middle English–1500s putte, Middle English– put, Middle English– putt; English regional 1800s puhr (Yorkshire, before a vowel), 1800s– poot (Yorkshire), 1800s– pu', 1800s– pur (northern and midlands, before a vowel); Scottish pre-1700 poutte, pre-1700 powt, pre-1700 powtteng (present participle), pre-1700 prit (transmission error), pre-1700 pute, pre-1700 putte, pre-1700 pwt, pre-1700 1700s– put, pre-1700 1700s– putt, pre-1700 1800s pout, pre-1700 1900s– puit. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 15 Hit wes þa laȝe þet ilke uuel þe ic dude þe, þu scoldest don me; þet wes..ȝif þu me puttest in þet eȝe, ic þin alswa.a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 488 Rennande cumeð a gungling, raðe to him luteð, his snute him under puteð. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xv. 13 That ony man putte his soule, that is, lyf, for his frendis.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 8763 Now makes assay to putte [a1450 Lamb. potte] þis stones doun, if ȝe may.c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 751 Thy lyff put in morgage.1528 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1895) XV. 584 Tak the rentall of Fyf fra the Arsdan and powt in thes berar and his wyf.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 12 Thay quhilk..pwtis noth al thair traist..in hime.1549 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 301 To help to ordour all thingis and puit your mynd to effet.1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 236 Thou indeed puttest me hard to it.1773 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 56 From his house we see the Potowmack, and a fine River putting from it.1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 265 An thou saw my billy Rwob putt, he wad send it till here.1883 J. Martine Reminisc. Royal Burgh Haddington 120 He [sc. a goat] was a pawky, ill-contrived beast, and thought nothing of pouting and ‘lafting’ folk.1912 E. Ferber Where Car turns at 18th in Buttered Side Down xii. 212 He had played quarter-back every year from his freshman year, and he could putt the shot and cut classes with the best of 'em.1954 Forfar Disp. 5 Aug. Ee corner, the guide luit we see a wee hodie-hole far the king wiz wint tae puit somebody afore a banquet.1989 Independent (Nexis) 3 Oct. 40 He's a big strong boy... He puts himself about a lot, tackles hard and works hard. b. Past tense. α. Middle English pudt, Middle English pute, Middle English–1500s putte, Middle English–1600s (1800s English regional) putt, Middle English– put, 1900s– pur (English regional (Yorkshire), before a vowel); Scottish pre-1700 pute, pre-1700 putt, pre-1700 pwt, pre-1700 pwte, pre-1700 1700s– put, 1800s– puit. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 200 Ach þis he put forð bifor þe heorte echnen.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9028 He smat hine..and þat sweord putte in his muð.?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 156 Sleiȝ he was and ful of witte Þat þis lore put in writte.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12292 A child þar kest a-noiþer don Vte of þe loft vnto þe grund..Þan seid maria, ‘leif sun, me sai Queþer þou put [a1400 Fairf. putte; a1400 Gött. pudt] barn or nai?’a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xxvii. 29 And thei foldiden a coroun of thornes, and putten [c1384 Douce 369(2) puttiden] on his heed.1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) Y b Peleus and his neuewe putte hem to poynte in armes.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 101 The worthi Scottis..putt thar hors thaim fra.a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 1288 That lettyr away than pwte [a1500 Nero put] he qwyte; And sone ane othir than couth he wryte.1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil XII Aeneids viii. 315 Whereat he by and by Put forth his strength, and rous'd it from the root, And it remov'd.1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 17 They say she yance hed horns and put furiously.1832 Visit Shetland in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. (1914) VII. 152 Dan wis Saxe hungert and he puit his buidy o his back and a paikie o' tows i da other haand, and he gieng to da great haaf for fish.1897 Outing 30 176/1 The pair..glanced apprehensively at me, then they put for home like a tandem team.1977 Zigzag June 19/2 [The band] Television put down ten tracks in four nights with Eno. β. Middle English puttede, Middle English puttid, Middle English puttide, Middle English puttyd, Middle English– putted; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– putted, pre-1700 1800s– puttit. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xvii. 25 Ich ne putted nouȝt hys riȝtwysnesse oway fram me. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke i. 66 Alle men that herden puttedyn in her herte.a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) 54 He to þe blynd has sent his sight And puttyd to lyfe [a1425 Galba raised] þat ded lay.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor 486 To a certein book which y haue mad, y puttid this name.?1517 Frederyke of Jennen (de Worde) Than putted he in his hostes hande other .v. thousande guldens.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Acts xxviii. 10 Quhilkis..puttit [1388 Wyclif puttiden] quhat thingis war necessarie.a1586 Lindsay MS f. 69, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) He..that puttit his fair wyff in the keping of ane ȝoung knycht tratour.a1617 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1827) 21 Bot I grew red when the capten putted vpon me to tell this taill to the constable.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iv When thou ran, or wrestled, or putted the stane [1726 (ed. 2) didst..putt the Stane].a1826 J. Burness Garron Ha' (1887) 37 His horse took fleg at a raised stot..An' ran an' puttit a' he saw.1905 A. S. Cunningham Rambles in Scoonie & Wemyss 256 The coals are putted by females.1938 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 10 Apr. (Sports section) 4/8 Erwin of T. C. U. copped one first place for the Frogs when he putted the shot 47 feet, 4 inches. c. Past participle. α. Middle English eput, Middle English iput, Middle English iputte, Middle English jput, Middle English pud, Middle English pute, Middle English pvt, Middle English pwt, Middle English yput, Middle English yputt, Middle English yputte, Middle English–1600s putt, Middle English–1600s putte, Middle English– put; English regional 1800s– pur (northern, before a vowel), 1800s– putt; Scottish pre-1700 pout, pre-1700 powt, pre-1700 puit, pre-1700 pute, pre-1700 putt, pre-1700 putte, pre-1700 pwt, pre-1700 pwte, pre-1700 1700s– put. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 578 Ah he forgulte him anan, þurh þe eggunge of eue, & wes iput sone ut of paraise selhðen. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 9 His feet þat he hadde with i-putte [v.r. y-put] seint Odo his tombe.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1258 We war put o paradis.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 207 Þere þe pore is put bihynde [c1400 C text xvii. 50 yput, v.r. putte].a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6135 To be putt til pastur strayt.1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 Putte oute, expulsus.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 18 As touchynge this that is putte on my moder.1509 in J. Robertson & C. Innes Munimenta Univ. Glasguensis (1854) I. 46 To the quhilk I haif pwt to mye litill syng and subscriptione manuall to warefye sammyne.1581 in J. Maidment et al. Nugae Scoticae (1829) 36 And for thait cauis I vais puit in prison.1606 G. W. tr. Epit. Liues Emperors in tr. Justinus Hist. sig. Gg 4 His corpes was..putte into the sepulchre.a1657 W. Mure Sonn. xii, in Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 58 Thy epitaph sall then be putt in prent.1760 S. Foote Minor iii. 90 Bread, greens, potatoes, and a leg of mutton, A better sure, a table ne'er was put on.1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship I. xii. 288 We might have put the royals on her.1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley ii. ii Terble hard putt to they be to beat out the time.1989 E. Mashinini Strikes have followed Me viii. 75 Somebody must have put this or that idea into my head. β. Middle English iputtet, late Middle English putet, late Middle English putted, late Middle English puttid, late Middle English puttyd. c1300 All Souls (Laud) l. 221 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 426 Anne Man..In a-manere dich fel and lay, and þe roche a-boue him was, So þat he ne miȝhte of þe stude, ase i-putted he lay þere.a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 2055 Þus sal þai..And be putted til endeles pyne.c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 3079 The folk..into the lake hadde puttid Daniel.1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) vi. ii. sig. miii/2 He is putet [v. rr. iput, iputte, put] asyde and buryed. 3. a. Present stem Middle English pite, Middle English pitt, Middle English pyt, Middle English pyth (3rd singular indicative), Middle English pytt, Middle English pytte, Middle English 1600s pitte, Middle English (1800s– English regional (northern and U.S. regional (chiefly in African-American usage)) pit; Scottish pre-1700 pitthinge (present participle), pre-1700 1700s pitt, pre-1700 1700s– pit, pre-1700 1800s– pet; Irish English (Wexford) 1800s pidh, 1800s pit. c1400 (?c1280) Old Test. Hist. in F. J. Furnivall Adam Davy's 5 Dreams (1878) 88 Elisee bad hire take þerof & in vche vessel it pite.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke xii. 25 Who of ȝou..may put to [c1384 Douce 369(2) adde; v.r. pitt; L. adiicere] o cubit to his stature?a1450 R. Spaldyng Katereyn in Anglia (1907) 30 540 He..Soche poyntes hem pyth þan, To her lore þei lepe.a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 33 In erþyne pot þou shalt hit pyt [rhyme hit].1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. I. viij Pitting sic men in thair kallendar for sanctes.a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 34 Hammer to pitte the strickle with to make it keepe.1786 R. Burns Poems 13 What poor cot-folk pit their painch in.1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. ix. 191 If we dinna pit hand till't oursel.1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. i. 3 I jist dinna like to pit the lid ower him.1922 A. E. Gonzales Black Border 273 'E binnuh cook supper, en' 'e gone to de shelf fuh git salt fuh pit een de hom'ny.2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 22 Let me pit it anither wey. Dae you no ken me fae somewhere? b. Past tense. α. Middle English pett, Middle English pit, Middle English pitt, Middle English pitte, Middle English pyt, Middle English pytt, Middle English pytte, 1900s– pit (Scottish). c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5256 Out of his sadel he him pett, And Agreuein tok þat destrer And fleiȝe þeron so a speruer. ▸ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 2796 He pitte forth his hond Upon my body, wher I lay.a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxx. l.341 The Swerd Into the Schethe he pytte [rhyme Itte].1902 R. C. Maclagan Evil Eye 173 The next mornin' whan Neil gaed intae the byre the calf was lyin' deed in the greep (byre gutter). That pit Neil frae gaun near Mattie or the like o' her ever after. β. Scottish pre-1700 1700s pate, pre-1700 1700s–1800s patt, pre-1700 1700s– pat, 1700s pait (Orkney), 1900s– paat; English regional (northern) 1800s– pat. 1500 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 196 And thow baid him keip secreit sic thingis as thow patt to his charge.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 48 The halie spreit..the quilk..pat in thaime the luiff of god.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Ded. 4 The duc of guise..pat ane garnison of tua thousand men, vitht in the toune of sanct quintyne.c1650 in Sir R. Gordon Hist. Earls of Sutherland (1813) 242 The messingers..pat them all in such a fray.1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook vi, in Poems (new ed.) 57 Something..That pat me in an eerie swither.1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Pat,..did put.a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 20 She paat the awfihest skairgeen o' butter on o' ma peece.1952 R. T. Johnston Stenwick Days (1984) 33 Id's a winder they pat her in a picture, for thoo could herdly see her side on. c. Past participle. α. Middle English ipit, Middle English pett, Middle English pitt, Middle English pyt, Middle English pytt, Middle English pytte, Middle English ypitte, Middle English (1800s Irish English (Wexford)) pit; Scottish pre-1700 pet, pre-1700 1800s– pit. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xii. 19 Thou hast many goodis kept [v.r. pit vp].c1390 (c1350) Proprium Sanctorum in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1888) 81 304 But of þe chalys he dronk a fit whon he in to þe tonne was pit.a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 268 Hou þi fairnisse is bi-spit, Hou þi swetnisse is i-betin and ipit.c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 7489 Many is þe riche londe Þou hast y-wonne to þine honde, On þee hij ben wel bysett, For þou art ful of þewes pett. ▸ ?1440 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 1119 With brymstoon resolute ypitte [rhyme slitte].1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 128 Ane masoun in Faukland that wes pit fra the werk.1564–7 Canongate Kirk Session (1961) 74 Villiam Enys for marying at the mes pet furth of the kirk.1622 in H. Paton Suppl. Rep. MSS Earl of Mar & Kellie (1930) 136 Sume matter of great moment is pit to the hazarde.1899 E. F. Heddle Marget at Manse 45 I'd a wee siller pit awa.1981 C. F. Middleton Dance in Village 12 Expensive alterations were pit in han'. β. Middle English puttyn (in a late copy), 1600s (1900s– U.S. regional) putten, 1900s– puttened; English regional (northern) 1800s puttan, 1800s– putten; Scottish pre-1700 1700s– putten, pre-1700 1800s puttin, 1800s petten, 1800s pittin (Orkney), 1800s pitt'n, 1800s– pitten, 1800s– potten, 1800s– puiten. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11434 Braunches..of bright Olyue..puttyn O lofte.?a1700 Edom o' Gordon iii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 430 She had nae sooner busket her sell Nor putten on her gown.1804 R. Anderson et al. Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 113 A chubby-feac'd angel o' top on't they've putten.1827 T. Wilson Pitman's Pay i. 52 (Northumbld. Gloss.) Aa've hewed and putten twee and twenty.1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Putten, put or placed.1881 J. Sargisson Joe Scoap's Jurneh 8 T'oald man hed puttan on gaily fast.1929 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. IX. 81 Whin dey hed pittin ower a' da whiskey, an' waar a' croos.1996 S. Blackhall Wittgenstein's Web 35 A bigger ootlaw than aa the McGregors pitten thegither! γ. Scottish pre-1700 path, 1800s pat; English regional (Northumberland) 1800s– pat. 1689 in F. C. Moncreiff & W. Moncreiffe Moncreiffs & Moncreiffes (1929) 109 His head and arm path wp on the castell gawill port.1870 J. P. Robson Evangeline 237 Aw hae pat off the coat. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymology: Probably partly the reflex of an unattested Old English weak verb of the second class, either *pūtian , a doublet form of pȳtan (compare below), or *putian , a doublet form of potian (see pote v.; apparently a cognate of pȳtan); and partly the reflex of Old English pȳtan, a weak verb of the first class. Further etymology unknown (compare discussion below).The existence of a verb *pūtian or *putian is implied by the derivative Old English pūtung or putung (see putting n.¹). Regular phonological development of Old English *pūtian would give Middle English pūten ; compare the forms at Forms 2. Old English *putian would probably have given in northern dialects Middle English *pōten , with close ō , as a result of Open Syllable Lengthening; in southern dialects, poten could also have occurred as a spelling for puten , especially in later Middle English. However, such forms would be indistinguishable from the reflex of pote v., and all such forms have been placed at that entry. The modern form put with short vowel probably results from generalization of the short vowel of the past tense and past participle. (If the original form was *pūtian , the past tense and past participle would either show trisyllabic shortening or shortening before the doubled consonant in syncopated forms.) Old English pȳtan apparently gave rise to the forms at Forms 1 and Forms 3, the short vowel in infinitive and present tense forms at Forms 3 probably again arising from generalization of the vowel of the past tense and past participle. However, the forms of the past tense and past participle at Forms 3 also show, alongside expected pitte , etc., the development of a strong verb paradigm, present tense pit , past tense pat , past participle putten or pitten (compare the northern inflection of hit v., hit , hat , hutten or hitten ). The marked (weak) past form putted survives late in Scots in senses 1 and 4 (and in golfing use has spread into more general use: see putt v.). This is thus quite distinct in Scots from pit , pat , putten , as well as from general English put , put , put . A present tense form putt (usually with a pronunciation /pʌt/) is also sometimes found in sense 4 (as well as being the usual form in golfing use: see putt v.); this form is also found in a wider range of senses in Scots and in some other British and U.S. regional varieties. In Old English the prefixed form apȳtan to put out (in ūt apȳtan to gouge out (an eye); compare to put out 1 at Phrasal verbs 1) is also attested (compare a- prefix¹ ). Further etymology unknown. Perhaps compare early modern Danish, Danish putte to put, put in, Swedish putta (in regional use also pötta , potta ) to strike, knock, or push gently, (regional) to put out of the way or conceal, to put away. Welsh pwtio (17th cent.) and Scottish Gaelic put , both in sense ‘to push, thrust’, are < English. There is considerable semantic similarity with pilt v., but any etymological connection is very unlikely on formal grounds. In sense 1c there is overlap in sense with butt v.¹, but there is no etymological connection between the two words. In the senses at branch IV. apparently after senses of classical Latin pōnere to put, place (see ponent n.). In sense 36 after post-classical Latin animam suam ponere pro… (Vulgate). I. Senses in which the application of force is expressed, or more or less implied. 1. a. intransitive. To push, poke, knock, or strike (at, on, etc.); to deliver a thrust or blow; to nudge at. Now rare (Scottish in later use). Sc. National Dict. (1968) at putt v. records this sense as still in use in Orkney and Caithness in 1967. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push pilta1200 beara1500 put1504 hunch1581 boke1601 nudge1809 OE Monasteriales Indicia (1996) lxxvii. 36 Gyf þe slana lyste, þonne sete þu eallswa þinne þuman and pyt mid þinum scytefingre in þine swynstran [read wynstran] hand on þornes getacnunge þe hi on weaxað. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xlvi. 12 Þe stronge man putte [L. impegit] aȝen þe stronge man, & boþe togidere fellen. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 68^v When þe body is þus maad and I-schape..þan it fongiþ soule and lif & bigynneþ to meue it self..& puttiþ [L. calcitrare] with feet & hondes. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 8772 Whan alle þe had put & þrist,..ȝit stired þei not þe lest ston. ?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 3158 (MED) Þe knyght, þat wist noght what he wroght, Putted fast and spared noght; Þe schere spere sone glyde he gert Vnder þe Papp to Ihesu hert. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6250 (MED) With his croche on him he putt And strake þar with. 1504 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 212 [Men on boats] with hookes & sparris of iron..puttith at the seid Brigge & greetly Fretith lowsith..& castyth downe the stones. a1525 Talis Fyve Bestes l. 223, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 134 With þat dame coppok putis on hir' maike. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 9036 Thay put and showit with all thare micht. c1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 436 He sent one who, putting on me, awakened me. a1658 J. Durham Clavis Cantici (1668) 255 Now she sleeps, and when put at, will not rise, but shifts. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 371 You putt at the Cart that's ay ganging. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 38 (Jam.) I putted o' you for to set you free. 1908 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. I. viii. 318 I hoop wir Chairman 'ill putt api' me an' I'se stow withoot takan the trilcya. b. transitive. To thrust, poke, or push at (with or without a resulting change of position); to shove; to strike. Now rare (Scottish in later use).Instances with explicit contextual indication of the direction in which force is applied, in which the implication of thrusting or pushing may have survived in general use later than 1500, are placed at sense 11. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > give a push to poteOE puta1225 duncha1250 wag1377 pusha1450 jut1565 jog1589 stir1590 jolt1611 hunch1659 shtup1987 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 15 (MED) Hit wes þe laȝe þet ilke uuel þe ic dude þe, þu scoldest don me; þet wes..ȝif þu me puttest in þet eȝe, ic þin alswa. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15364 Þe an hine putte hider-ward, and þe oðer hine putte ȝeond-ward. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 9 He wrapped his feet þat he hadde with i-putte seint Odo his tombe. c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 338 Ȝif eny mon a-gult aȝeynes þe, Smyteþ or elles puiteþ þe. 1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 417/2 Puttyn, or schowwyn,..impello, trudo, pello. c1450 (?c1300) Northern Passion (BL Add.) 174 (MED) He putt Ihesu with his hande & saide, ‘traytoure ga forthe; here sall þou not stande.’ a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 25^v (MED) Than makythe it Apostume..it is whit and nesshe so, if þou puttist [L. impresseris] it with thi fyngur, thowe shalt make a pyt. 1961 ‘Castlegreen’ Tatties an' Herreen' 4 Wi' Cheordie edgan' doon 'e rod..Puttan' 'im wi' ids slimy han' an' preegan' wi'm for more! c. transitive and intransitive. To butt with the head or horns. Now English regional (northern) and Scottish. Sc. National Dict. (1968) at putt v. records this sense as still in use in northern Scotland in 1967. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > thrust or gore with horn putc1450 gore?1530 burt?1567 butt1590 horn1599 push1611 hipe1669 engage1694 sticka1896 the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (intransitive)] > with the head put1513 butt1579 c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 10 (MED) J trowe j shulde putte and hurtle the yuel folk with myne hornes. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 91 The beste..Can allreddy wyth hornis fuyn and put. ?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxxi^v The bestes with theyr hornes wyll put both the horses and the shepe, and gore them in theyr bellyes. 1684 G. Meriton York-shire Dial. (E.D.S.) 12 Whaugh, Mother, how she rowts! Ise varra Arfe, Shee'l put, and rive my good Prunella Scarfe. 1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 17 They say she yance hed horns and put furiously. 1788 J. Macaulay Poems Var. Subj. 119 For tho' a daintier beast was never shorn, He winna stan' to put you wi' his horn. a1826 J. Burness Garron Ha' (1887) 37 His horse took fleg at a raised stot..An' ran an' puttit a' he saw. 1894 J. B. Salmond My Man Sandy (rev. ed.) i. 14 [He] set forrit his heid like's he was gaen awa' to putt somebody. 1896 J. M. Barrie Sentimental Tommy 99 She putted with her head at Mrs. Sandys and hugged her. 1903 I. Wilkinson in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 658/2 [N. Yorkshire] Put [to butt or push with the horns]. †2. figurative and in extended use. a. transitive. To urge, incite; to instigate. Cf. sense 16a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 OE [implied in: tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) l. 275 Hation [þa ealdras] þæt þurh deofles putunge [L. instinctu diaboli] wæs anbelæd, and lufian þæt þurh godes godnysse gesceapon wæs. (at putting n.¹ 1a)]. b. intransitive. To make a push; to exert oneself; to strive for a specified goal. Also in to put for it: to make an effort. Cf. push v. 10a. Obsolete.In quot. 1624 figurative: to argue, constitute a case for. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)] > attempt to obtain or attain to found toOE keepc1000 seekc1000 throwa1393 minta1400 intentc1450 to try for1534 sue1548 attempt?c1550 reachc1571 assay1595 put1596 to lay in for1599 climba1616 captate1628 court1639 obseek1646 solicit1717 to make a bid for1885 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] tillc897 stightlea1375 stretcha1375 wrestlea1382 to put it forthc1390 to put one's hand(s) to (also unto)a1398 paina1400 takea1400 to do one's busy pain (also care, cure, diligence)?a1430 to make great force?c1450 makec1485 to stir one's stumpsa1500 to bestir one's stumps1549 to make work1574 put1596 bestira1616 operate1650 to lay out1659 to be at pains1709 exerta1749 tew1787 maul1821 to take (the) trouble1830 to pull outc1835 bother1840 trouble1880 to buck up1890 hump1897 to go somea1911 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] > be proof of provea1200 showa1325 declarec1400 verifyc1430 givec1449 persuadea1525 arguea1538 demonstrate1572 argue1585 put1596 evidence1611 evident1643 to make out1795 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. 53 Let them..looke after it, or the Man in the Moone put for it. ?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 209 There was a guard Maintaind vpon it [sc. the gate]..who still put for it hard. 1619 M. Drayton Legend Robert Dvke of Normandy in Poems (new ed.) 327 Henry againe doth hotly put for all. 1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? vi. 52 It would put for Hebrew, or Syriacke, their mother tongue. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. i. 24 in Wks. II Stay i' your place..and put not Beyond the spheare of your actiuity. 1676 C. Hatton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 122 Some of my L^d Treasurer's creatures..put for S^r. John Ernley['s] place, as commissioner of y^e Navy. 1739 Encour. Sea-f. People 39 The Superbe putting for it to lay the Admiral aboard, fell on his Weather Quarter. 3. a. transitive. To drive or plunge (a weapon or sharp object) †home, or in or into something or someone; to fire or propel (a missile) in, into, or through.Later examples are more usually interpreted as (sometimes euphemistic) uses of sense 11a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with pointed weapon > thrust a pointed weapon putc1275 shovec1275 rivec1330 stickc1390 stub1576 haft1582 uphilt1582 gar1587 embosom1590 emboss1590 flesh1590 imbrue1590 stabc1610 scour1613 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9028 He smat hine..and þat sweord putte in his muð. a1325 St. Patrick (Corpus Cambr.) 315 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 96 (MED) Somme honge bi stronge oules iput [c1300 Laud I-pulte] in eiþer eiȝe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 16838 Þe iewes made him þourȝe his side to put hit [sc. a spear] sone anone. a1500 (?a1400) Firumbras (1935) 596 (MED) Lo, here ys the spere and the nayles also That longes pyt in hys hert. 1590 Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. IV. 486 Threitnyt to put twa bullettis throw his heid. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. i. 2 Weare thy good Rapier bare, and put it home. View more context for this quotation 1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin , in Titus & Berenice iii. i. 58 If I do lay my Eyes upon him, gad I will put my Sword into his Bowels. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical v. 51 Mistresses, as a Man would desire to put his Knife into. 1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. xi. 86 I once put a Knife into a Cull myself. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair liv. 484 I hope to put a bullet into the man whom that belongs to. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella II. ii. v. 5 If Westall bullies him any more he will put a knife into him. 1930 W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 236 One of them black eyed ones that look like she'd as soon put a knife in you as not if you two-timed her. 1986 Armed Forces Aug. 366/2 The rifle was able to put 10 rounds into a target area 38cm by 40cm. 2004 Village Voice (N.Y.) 24 Nov. 24/3 If he moves, you put a bullet in the brain. †b. transitive. figurative. With home. To cause (a remark, question, etc.) to have its intended effect; to make a penetrating or cutting observation about (something); to deliver (a verbal thrust). In later use esp. in to put it home to (a person). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [verb (transitive)] > reproach with upbraida1250 undernimc1320 to lay to one's credit, reproachc1515 to cast (a thing) in one's teeth1526 to twit (a person) in the teeth1530 to hit (one) in the teeth with1535 to cast (also lay, throw) (something) in one's dish1551 to fling (anything) in one's teeth1587 to throw (thrust, fling, (etc.)) (something) in a person's face1597 to tit (a person) in the teeth1622 nose1625 exprobrate1630 puta1663 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epitome sig. F^v Your 2. reason..is put home I trow, and ouerthroweth the puritans out of all cesse. 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus ii. i. 344 That trick was well put home, and had succeeded too, But that [etc.] . View more context for this quotation a1663 R. Sanderson Ad Clerum (1670) 3 Their Hypocrisie he putteth home to them. 1693 T. D'Urfey Richmond Heiress iii. i. 29 I'll go and prepare her once more for my Son, and put the Case home to her, and her Ingratitude. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 280 I should..find an Opportunity to put it home to them. 1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal II. i. iii. 26 At first I imagined she might have been only in jest,..but when I went out with her into the next parlour, and put it home to her, she still persisted in it. 1791 J. Reynolds Let. 17 Dec. in A. Hamilton Observ. Certain Documents (1800) App. p. xiv Put that home to yourself and tell me what you would do in such a case. 1845 B. Barton Househ. Verses 221 The questions myself then put to myself, With their answers, I give to thee. Put them home to thyself. 1885 H. M. Milner Turpin's Ride to York ii. vi. 10 Since you put it home to me, I can no longer conceal it. 1909 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 14 Dec. When you meet your millionaire Methodists everywhere, put it home to them. 4. a. transitive. To propel (a heavy stone or weight) as an athletic exercise or sporting endeavour, (now properly) from a hand tucked between shoulder and neck, the force for the throw being generated mainly by the swing of the body. Now chiefly in to put the shot (see shot n.¹ 14c). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > contend in athletics [verb (intransitive)] > throw weight, shot, etc. to cast, put, or throw the stonec1300 putc1300 to pitch the bar1600 to put the shot1884 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1044 (MED) Neuere yete ne saw he or Putten the stone. c1440 (a1350) Sir Isumbras (Thornton) (1844) 606 (MED) Knyghtes went to put the stane. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Bii They haue made me here to put the stone. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais in Wks. (1737) I. i. xxiiii. 223 He did cast the dart, throw the bar, put the stone. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd ii. iv When thou ran, or wrestled, or putted the stane [1726 (ed. 2) didst..putt the Stane]. 1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acc. Scotl. XI. xx. 287 The dance and the song, with shinty and putting the stone, are their chief amusements. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xiv. 341 Auld Edie, that kens the rule of a' country games better than ony man that ever drave a bowl, or threw an axle-tree, or putted a stane. 1818 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 257 Danced wi' lightsome heart, or pat the stane. 1834 J. S. Knowles Beggar of Bethnal-Green i. ii. 12 At quoits I'm famous for a ringer! And then I'll put the stone with any one. 1884 H. C. Bunner in Harper's Mag. Jan. 304/1 The Scottish-Americans will teach you to put the shot. 1889 Boy's Own Paper 7 Sept. 780/1 The same plan can be adopted for both putting the weight and the broad jump. 1912 E. Ferber Where Car turns at 18th in Buttered Side Down xii. 212 He had played quarter-back every year from his freshman year, and he could putt the shot and cut classes with the best of 'em. 1938 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 10 Apr. (Sports section) 4/8 Erwin of T. C. U. copped one first place for the Frogs when he putted the shot 47 feet, 4 inches. 1950 Oxf. Junior Encycl. IX. 35/1 This department of athletic sports includes..Putting the Weight, and Throwing the Discus, the Javelin, and the Hammer. 1961 I. F. Grant Folk Ways 347 The contest of putting the stone as carried out at modern Highland Games consists of putting (not throwing, the competitor's hand may not be put back farther than his elbow) a stone of 16–23 lb. as far as the competitor can. 1991 Sports Illustr. 24 June 88/2 Dumble..set a women's Pac-10 record by putting the shot 56' 7½'' at the..track and field championships. †b. intransitive in same sense. Also to put at (also with) the stone. Obsolete (Scottish in later use). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > contend in athletics [verb (intransitive)] > throw weight, shot, etc. to cast, put, or throw the stonec1300 putc1300 to pitch the bar1600 to put the shot1884 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1031 (MED) Þe ston was mikel..Þerwit putten the chaunpiouns..Hwo so mithe putten þore Biforn a-noþer an inch or more..He was for a kempe told. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) i. 763 (MED) In that same place were a-sayde iche oon As weel in wrestlyng as puttyng at the stoon. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. iv. 14 To leape, to daunce, & to put at y^e stone. 1802 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border II. 64 O it fell anes, upon a time, They putted at the stane. 1820 J. Hogg Winter Evening Tales I. 265 ‘Thou's naething of a putter,’ said Meg..‘an thou saw my billy Rwob putt, he wad send it till here.’ 1909 N.E.D. at Put, Putt v.² Sc. Let's try who can putt farthest! †5. a. transitive. To drive, force; to expel, send away from by force or command. to put again: to drive back, repel. Obsolete.See also to put out of —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2, to put out 3 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel recoil?c1225 to turn againc1330 to put awayc1350 rebukec1380 to put abacka1382 to put againa1382 again-puta1400 rebut?a1425 repeal?a1425 retroylc1425 rebatea1475 repel?a1475 repulse?a1475 to put backa1500 refel1548 revert1575 rembar1588 to beat back1593 rebeat1595 reject1603 repress1623 rambarrea1630 stave1631 refringe1692 slap-back1931 society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > send (a person) sendc950 commandc1410 summonc1460 putc1540 order1649 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xiii. 13 Be thou not to gredi, lest thou be put aȝeen [a1425 L.V. hurtlid doun; L. impingaris]. ?a1439 J. Lydgate tr. Fall of Princes (Bodl.) iii. 4482 (heading) How Enagora kyng of Cipre was bi Artaxerses outraied and put from his kyngdam. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 17 (MED) This Adrian tamede the Iewes, beenge rebellous, puttenge theym from Ierusalem. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 355 And how at thai war put agane And part of thair gud men wes slane. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lx. 210 He hath..chasyd & put fro him all noble men. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1796 Fro Priam full prist put am I hider As a messynger. 1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 6 Men and cattell (that haue put trees thence, from out of Plaines to void corners) are better then trees. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James IV in Wks. (1711) 67 Kings should repossess Kings wrongfully put from their own. 1740 Johnson's Hist. Seven Champions Christendom (new ed.) ix. 158 They came unto the Fountain, and proffered to take of the Water; but all in vain, for they were..put from it by this devilish Company. b. transitive. Nautical. Of the wind or a storm: to drive or cast (a vessel) in a specified direction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > drive (of weather, etc.) put1511 to put in?1614 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xlv^v The wynde fell somwhat mete to put vs with helpe and Crafte of Marynage from the shore. 1569 J. Hawkins 2nd Voy. (1878) III. 515 The ordinary Brise taking us,..put us, the 24th [June] from the shoare. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 20 Certaine Troyans which..were by winds put with the Thvscane shore. 1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. B2^v Nay, then we are put from shore. 1630 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 17 By that means we made no way, the sea beating us back as much as the wind put us forward. 1716 Boston News-let. 24 Sept. 2/2 Whereas Capt. Nash from the Bay of Campeche Anchored on Monday the 24 of September on the back of Cape Cod, and by stress of Weather was put from his Anchors and Cables. 1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 229 One..on her voyage was put ashore at Black Sod. 6. †a. (a) transitive. Of a plant: to send out (roots). Cf. to put forth 6a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 12b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xii. 2 Þou hast plauntid hem, & roote þei putten [a1425 L.V. senten; L. miserunt]. †(b) intransitive. Of a plant: to send out shoots or roots; to sprout, bud; to grow. Cf. to put forth 6a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 12c at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete (English regional (northern) in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth spriteOE wrideOE brodc1175 comea1225 spirec1325 chicka1400 sprouta1400 germin?1440 germ1483 chip?a1500 spurgea1500 to put forth1530 shootc1560 spear1570 stock1574 chit1601 breward1609 pullulate1618 ysproutc1620 egerminate1623 put1623 germinate1626 sprent1647 fruticate1657 stalk1666 tiller1677 breerc1700 fork1707 to put out1731 stool1770 sucker1802 stir1843 push1855 braird1865 fibre1869 flush1877 1623 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (new ed.) 29 Some [graffes]..keeping proud and greene, will not put till the second yeare. a1626 F. Bacon Sylva Sylvarum (1627) §653 The roots of trees do some of them put downwards deep into the ground. 1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 367 The one arm..still shows life, and puts into leaf, and produces acorns. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Put, to vegetate, as when a plant begins to show the first sign of buds. ‘Aa see its aall reet; it's puttin’. †b. intransitive. Of sap: to flow. Cf. to put up 3c at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > plant substances > be or have plant substance [verb (intransitive)] > flow (of sap) put1615 1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden 37 Where you take any thing away, the sap the next summer will be putting. a1626 F. Bacon Sylva Sylvarum (1627) §616 In the fibrous [roots], the sap delighteth more in the earth, and therefore putteth down~ward. c. intransitive. U.S. Of a river, stream, etc.: to extend into a tract of land; to flow in (also into, from) a larger body of water. Also: (of land) to extend into a body of water. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)] runeOE flowa1000 fleetc1175 stretchc1275 slide1390 fleamc1465 pour1538 slip1596 streek1598 strain1612 put1670 rindle1863 slosha1953 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > flow (of river) [verb (intransitive)] flowa1000 roil?c1400 resorta1552 rill1621 relate1653 put1670 toddle1773 vent1784 tail1889 1670 D. Denton Brief Descr. N.-Y. 5 There is several Navigable Rivers and Bays, which puts into the North-side of Long-Island. 1773 P. V. Fithian Jrnl. & Lett. (1900) 56 From his house we see the Potowmack, and a fine River putting from it. 1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 172 A small river which puts into a large bay on the south side of the Columbia. 1830 J. McCall in Wisconsin Hist. Coll. (1872) XII. 186 The land here puts into the river in high bluffs. 1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West 737 On a stream known as Quaking Asp River, putting in on the north side of the Missouri..we were overtaken by a terrific snow-storm. 1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy 347 The trail on leaving the river led up Many Berries, one of the tributaries of the Yellowstone putting in from the north side. 1952 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 20 Apr. 18/2 My 72-year-old pappy..and I had an exciting session with so-called ‘striped bass’ in Clinch river near where it puts into Norris Lake in Tennessee. 7. †a. intransitive. To proceed, pass, make one's way. (In quot. a1382 transitive (reflexive) in same sense.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] nimeOE becomec885 teec888 goeOE i-goc900 lithec900 wendeOE i-farec950 yongc950 to wend one's streetOE fare971 i-wende971 shakeOE winda1000 meteOE wendOE strikec1175 seekc1200 wevec1200 drawa1225 stira1225 glidea1275 kenc1275 movec1275 teemc1275 tightc1275 till1297 chevec1300 strake13.. travelc1300 choosec1320 to choose one's gatea1325 journeyc1330 reachc1330 repairc1330 wisec1330 cairc1340 covera1375 dressa1375 passa1375 tenda1375 puta1382 proceedc1392 doa1400 fanda1400 haunta1400 snya1400 take?a1400 thrilla1400 trace?a1400 trinea1400 fangc1400 to make (also have) resortc1425 to make one's repair (to)c1425 resort1429 ayrec1440 havea1450 speer?c1450 rokec1475 wina1500 hent1508 persevere?1521 pursuec1540 rechec1540 yede1563 bing1567 march1568 to go one's ways1581 groyl1582 yode1587 sally1590 track1590 way1596 frame1609 trickle1629 recur1654 wag1684 fadge1694 haul1802 hike1809 to get around1849 riddle1856 bat1867 biff1923 truck1925 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out forthfarec888 foundOE seta1000 to go forthOE to fare forthc1200 partc1230 to pass forthc1325 to take (the) gatec1330 to take the wayc1330 to take one's waya1375 puta1382 treunt?a1400 movec1400 depart1490 prepare?1518 to set forth1530 to set forward(s)1530 busklea1535 to make out1558 to take forth1568 to set out1583 sally1590 start1591 to go off1600 to put forth1604 to start outa1626 intend1646 to take the road1720 to take one's foot in one's hand1755 to set off1774 to get off1778 to set away1817 to take out1855 to haul out1866 to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873 to hit, split or take the breeze1910 hop1922 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Tob. vii. 6 Raguel putte hymself [L. misit se] & with teris kiste hym. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Diiii Foly hath a rome I say in euery route To put where he lyst foly hath fre chace. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 8987 Deffibus drogh furth with his..pepull; Then Paris with prise put next after. b. intransitive. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). To leave in haste, make off, ‘scram’. Frequently with for. See also to put off 8b at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 11b at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away suddenly or hastily fleec825 runOE swervea1225 biwevec1275 skip1338 streekc1380 warpa1400 yerna1400 smoltc1400 stepc1460 to flee (one's) touch?1515 skirr1548 rubc1550 to make awaya1566 lope1575 scuddle1577 scoura1592 to take the start1600 to walk off1604 to break awaya1616 to make off1652 to fly off1667 scuttle1681 whew1684 scamper1687 whistle off1689 brush1699 to buy a brush1699 to take (its, etc.) wing1704 decamp1751 to take (a) French leave1751 morris1765 to rush off1794 to hop the twig1797 to run along1803 scoot1805 to take off1815 speela1818 to cut (also make, take) one's lucky1821 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 absquatulize1829 mosey1829 absquatulate1830 put1834 streak1834 vamoose1834 to put out1835 cut1836 stump it1841 scratch1843 scarper1846 to vamoose the ranch1847 hook1851 shoo1851 slide1859 to cut and run1861 get1861 skedaddle1862 bolt1864 cheese it1866 to do a bunkc1870 to wake snakes1872 bunk1877 nit1882 to pull one's freight1884 fooster1892 to get the (also to) hell out (of)1892 smoke1893 mooch1899 to fly the coop1901 skyhoot1901 shemozzle1902 to light a shuck1905 to beat it1906 pooter1907 to take a run-out powder1909 blow1912 to buzz off1914 to hop it1914 skate1915 beetle1919 scram1928 amscray1931 boogie1940 skidoo1949 bug1950 do a flit1952 to do a scarper1958 to hit, split or take the breeze1959 to do a runner1980 to be (also get, go) ghost1986 1834 H. Evans Jrnl. 2 Aug. in Chron. Oklahoma (1925) III. 208 With whip & spur puts after her over the plains for miles. 1839 F. Marryat Diary in Amer. II. 231 Clear out, quit, and put—all mean ‘be off’. ‘Captain, now, you hush or put.’ 1847 Wisconsin Herald 30 Oct. ‘I crept out from under the house.’ ‘And put for home?’ inquired Fink. ‘Made a straight shirt tail for my cabin.’ 1850 Spirit of Times 26 Jan. 581/2 He hollered up his puppies, an' put! 1857 J. G. Holland Bay-path xxxi. 379 I locked them into the cabin the next morning, and put for the neighbors. 1902 H. G. Rowe Maid of Bar Harbor (1904) 55 Put,—you sauce box! 1915 New Oxford (Pa.) Item 14 Jan. He's headed in the direction of the Woods place... Well, I've got to put after him. 1945 Chicago Tribune 13 Jan. 10/2 Whenever the navy tried to carry its share of the undertaking it was badly mauled and put for home and mother with its battered remnants. 1988 T. K. Pratt Dict. Prince Edward Island Eng. 118/2 When my grandmother caught me stealing apples, I put. †8. transitive. To extend, stretch out (the hand). Cf. to put forth 1b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body reacheOE stretcha1000 to-spreada1000 warpa1225 spreada1275 putc1390 straightc1400 to lay forthc1420 outstretcha1425 tillc1540 extend1611 to rax out1622 to stick out1663 overreach1890 c1390 (?a1300) Stations of Rome (Vernon) (1867) i. l. 219 (MED) Put þin hond with almes dede, And þou schalt haue þer gret mede To helpe hem þat ben þere. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1807 (MED) And as he wolde have take hire nyh, Sche put hire hand and be his leve Besoghte him that he wolde leve. 9. †a. transitive (reflexive). With to (also into, in) (the) sea (formerly †to sail) as complement: to embark on a voyage, set sail. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (reflexive)] > take one's course put?a1425 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 177 (MED) Þei wolden putten hem [Fr. se meissent] in to þat see. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 36 Thai put thame jn the see, and thocht to passe jn lombardye. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 441 In hy thai put thame to the se, And rowit fast with all thare mayn. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 35 (MED) He Put hym to sayle and had good wynd. 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida f. 16 They put themselues to sea, and with so slender victualles, that the end of their enterprise became vnlucky and vnfortunate. a1618 W. Raleigh Life & Death Mahomet (1637) 221 With these troops..the king in person put himself to Sea, and with favorable weather landed in the kingdome of Tunis. 1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (new ed.) 595 They found twenty sail of the King of France his Ships,..and forthwith the said French Ships put themselves to sail. 1688 J. Glanvill tr. B. Le Bovier de Fontanelle Plurality of Worlds (1702) vii. 612 They put themselves to Sea in these Trunks. 1748 tr. Life Augustus Cæsar II. ii. i. 247 His enemies had put themselves to sea with a numerous fleet. 1901 M. Morris Tales Spanish Main 165 Let us..make a raft with the trees that are here in readiness,..and put ourselves to sea. b. transitive. With to sea, or similar adverbial complement: to launch, set afloat (a vessel or its occupants). Later also: to cause to sail ashore, into harbour, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] launch?a1400 puta1450 shoot1487 lance?1518 to set on the sea, water, afloat1559 to set afloat1785 float1885 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxx. 550 (MED) Whanne this Schipe thus was I-dyht, Into the Se he it putte. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. xxviii. sig. c^v All were put in a ship to the see. 1587 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) 766 We were put with our pinnesse from the shippe. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 44208 He..Feit ane schip and pat her to the fame, Into Scotland agane for to cum hame. 1633 T. James Strange Voy. 49 To worke we goe: drawing home our Ankers by maine force, vnder great pieces of Ice, our endeuour being to put the Ship to the shoare. 1680 P. Rycaut Hist. Turkish Empire 54 In the pursuit a great Turkish Sultana was put ashore near Troy. 1702 J. Byres Let. to Friend at Edinb. 82 A Briganteen loaded with provisions belonging to Jamaica, was put into Caledonia harbour. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4233 The Monk and Experiment Men of War,..put ashore near Cape de Gat a French Scout of 40 Guns. 1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. viii. 70 We drew up the two Boats, and set all Hands at work to put the Ship under Way. 1846 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Apr. 276/1 I cannot put a fishing-boat to sea but the English seize it. 1870 C. M. Yonge Cameos c, in Monthly Packet May 435 He put a fleet to sea. 1896 C. G. D. Roberts Forge in Forest xiv. 185 Here I put the canoe to land, and stepped ashore. 1906 J. Conrad Mirror of Sea xxi. 70 The captain put the ship ashore. 1933 Times 20 June 55/4 Instead of putting the vessel ashore in Seaford Bay an attempt was made to tow her to Dover. 1955 News (Frederick, Maryland) 29 June 8/3 Forty-nine crewmen..were convicted today of ‘refusing a lawful order’ to put the ship to sea during the recent seamen's strike. 2001 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 5 Nov. 6 Even if Joe Afghan was found to be simply seeking a better life, what then? Fly him back to Kabul? Put him to sea in a boat? c. intransitive. Of a vessel or its occupants: to follow a course, proceed to go to sea, ashore, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction steer1340 stem1487 capea1522 lie1574 put1578 bear1587 rut1588 haul1589 fetch1590 standa1594 to stand along1600 to bear away1614 work1621 to lay up1832 1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya ii. 38 Riding there, a very daungerous roade, we were aduised by the Countrey, to put to Sea agayne. c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 42 Insteed of goinge to the ilande of Trinidado, putt into a bay of the maine. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 21 My honest friend, Who but for staying on our Controuersie, Had hoisted saile, and put to sea to day. View more context for this quotation 1666 London Gaz. No. 56/1 The Master and Company put to Land in their Cock-boat for assistance. 1729 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers II. xiv. 564 [He] came with a well-appointed Brigantine. But, just as he was putting ashore,..certain Moors..raised the Alarm. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. viii. 379 With a view of preventing their putting before the wind. 1790 J. White Jrnl. Voy. New S. Wales 120 This accident induced them to put into this port, in order to build some boats. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) IV. xxviii. 57 Clearchus..after having put into Delos for shelter, returned to Miletus. 1890 Temple Bar June 180 He stepped into a fishing-boat and put to land. 1925 R. Clements Gipsy of Horn 222 The handling we received..did not necessitate our putting into Port Stanley for repairs, as many a Cape-Horner is compelled to do. 1955 Atlantic Aug. 94/2 I slipped unprotestingly into the first trancelike sleepiness which always engulfs me when I put to sea. 1994 Times 18 June 22/2 Liveaboards—luxury purpose-built vessels that only put into port to drop off one set of holidaymakers, pick up another and stock up on supplies. †10. transitive. Coal Mining. To propel (a barrow, etc., of coal) by pushing from behind or (in later use also) by hauling. Cf. putter n.¹ 6. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > convey (coal) put1708 tram1874 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 7 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Quick-Sands (if not too thick) are often put through by Deals or Timber. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 14 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) These Persons..put or pull away the full Curves of Coals. 1803 T. Gisborne in A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) II. vii. 159 They are employed..in putting and drawing the coals. 1812 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 97 This work was done by putters and barrow-men, the latter pulling before, and the former putting or thrusting behind. 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 7 The average day's work of a barrowman,..when putting alone,..is equal..to..3.0580 tons pushed a distance of one mile. 1905 A. S. Cunningham Rambles in Scoonie & Wemyss 256 The coals are putted by females. II. To bring (a person or thing) physically into or out of a particular place or position.A weakening of the sense ‘to thrust, push’ in sense I., the implication or expression of the application of force being absent or (esp. in senses 11a and 11b, and when followed by into or in) substantially diminished. 11. a. transitive. To move to or place in a particular situation or position (used with reference to the end result rather than the process of moving or placing); to cause (a person or thing) to get into or be in an expressed or implied place or position; to place, set.This sense is implied, literally or metaphorically, in nearly all the other senses of put still in use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] doeOE layc950 seta1000 puta1225 dight1297 pilt?a1300 stow1362 stick1372 bestowc1374 affichea1382 posec1385 couchc1386 dressa1387 assize1393 yarkc1400 sita1425 place1442 colloque1490 siegea1500 stake1513 win1515 plat1529 collocate1548 campc1550 posit1645 posture1645 constitute1652 impose1681 sist1852 shove1902 spot1937 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 53 (MED) Þis faȝe folc..speket alse feire bi-foren heore euencristene alse heo heom walde in to heore bosme puten. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 214 Ȝe schulen in an hetter ant igurd liggen swa leoðeliche þah þet ȝe mahen honden putten þer under. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 149 (MED) Angis tok..Mani castels & tounes..And put þerin his men. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iii. 10 For now the axe is putt [a1425 L.V. put] to the rote of the tree. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15797 (MED) In þe forel þou pute þi suerd. c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 29 Vynegre, where it is put in a vessell, corrumpith the vessell that it is ynne. 1503 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 6 §4 It shalbe lawefull..to put theym into the Stokkis and theym so to kepe till the next Market day. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Ded. 4 The duc of guise..pat ane garnison of tua thousand men, vitht in the toune of sanct quintyne. 1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 370 As he was putting the pot to his lips ready to drinke. 1623 B. Jonson in W. Shakespeare Comedies, Hist. & Trag. sig. A1^v This Figure, that thou here seest put, It was for gentle Shakespeare cut. 1651 W. Sanderson Aulicus Coquinariæ 10 [He] put the King in a Lobby Room, next the Chamber. 1699 T. Brown tr. Erasmus Seven New Colloquies iv. 27 Put your Hand to your Heart and tell me fairly. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 43 Put about an ounce of butter into a frying-pan. 1760 S. Foote Minor iii. 90 Bread, greens, potatoes, and a leg of mutton, A better sure, a table ne'er was put on. 1791 J. Lackington Mem. (1792) 212 The coachman put me inside the carriage. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxxi. 422 The patient..had an issue put into the top of the head. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 37 A sealed packet was put into his hands. 1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. viii. 119 Somebody put a drop under a magnifying-glass. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxix. 242 Then, putting her face where it had been, she looked up in his eyes. 1938 E. Waugh Scoop ii. ii. 154 I can't think why Frau Dressler has put me in this room. 1969 Listener 5 June 776/1 Barring any mishap, America can and will put a man on the Moon one morning this summer. 1997 B. O'Connor Tell her you love Her 160 The young Teaboy..put his head round the door. 2006 A. M. Foley Having my Say vii. 36 I filled up my hands with empty tins,..then put them on a conveyor. b. transitive. To separate, cause to be away or apart from; to remove; to dismiss, expel, send away. Chiefly archaic in later use.Not always distinguishable from sense 5a, in that some degree of force or compulsion is often implicit in the action denoted by the verb. Cf. sense 20.Formerly also with other prepositions: see beside prep. 4c, besides prep. 4c. See also to put away 2c at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 3a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss congeec1330 turnc1330 putc1350 dismitc1384 refusea1387 repel?a1439 avyec1440 avoida1464 depart1484 license1484 to give (a person) his (also her, etc.) leave?a1513 demit1529 dispatcha1533 senda1533 to send a grazing1533 demise1541 dimiss1543 abandon1548 dimit1548 discharge1548 dismiss1548 to turn off1564 aband1574 quit1575 hencea1586 cashier1592 to turn away1602 disband1604 amand1611 absquatulize1829 chassé1847 to send to the pack1912 c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 97 (MED) By þe twoo wenges..ben bitokned þe two lawȝes þorouȝ whiche þai don penaunce þat putten hire fro þe serpent. c1390 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 159 Phebus dooth al that he kan To plesen hire, wenynge by swich plesaunce..That no man sholde han put hym from hire grace. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 66 (MED) Þis cumpany..had putt þe forseyd creatur fro her tabyl, þat sche xulde no lengar etyn a-mong hem. c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 93 (MED) He puttiþ his hauke fro his fist. 1453 in F. B. Bickley Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 201 (MED) Yef any preest of the saide Chaunterie..doo the contrarie..to be amevid and vtterly put fro the saide Chaunterie. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 740 I requyre the, spare me..for, and yf ye put me from my worshyp now, ye put me from the grettyst worship that ever I had or ever shall have. 1539 Bible (Great) Psalms xliii. 2 Why hast thou put thee from me? 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. viij b Vppon the occasion of anie battaile, to put their horses from them. a1625 J. Fletcher Loyal Subj. v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Fff4/2 Rashly I thought her false, and put her from me. 1732 D. Neal Hist. Puritans I. 118 Princess Elizabeth..was led in by the Traitor's gate; her own servants being put from her. 1832 W. Irving Legend Arabian Astrol. in Wks. (1840) I. 166 Put from thee the infidel damsel who is the cause. 1875 R. Browning Aristophanes' Apol. 306 O child, put from thine eyes The peplos, throw it off, show face to sun! 1906 P. MacKaye Jeanne d'Arc iii. 93 Jeanne (Putting from him the book, hands him his sword with a friendly smile.) 2003 G. Gilman in K. Link Trampoline 78 His hair, when he put it from his eyes, was hackled with frost. c. transitive. To place upon or affix to a document (an official seal, signature, etc.); to place or write (a signature or mark) against something written or printed. to put one's name to: to sign; (figurative) to acknowledge one's authorship of or involvement with. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > seal [verb (transitive)] > affix seal to put1379 to put to1396 fix1569 1379 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 2 In wytnes here of to this lettre I haue put my sele. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 486 (MED) To a certein book which y haue mad, y puttid this name. 1455 in J. Nicholl Some Acct. Company of Ironmongers (1851) 27 (MED) In witnesse of which thing, we..to these present lettres haue putt our seall. 1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. lxviii The iurours shall put theyr seales to the endytementes in the sheryffes tourne. 1618 G. Mynshul Ess. Prison Ep. Ded. I haue now put my name to my Book (without tergiuersation or turne coating the letters). 1688 London Gaz. No. 2354/2 He..puts the Grand Signior's Firm or Name to all Imperial Commands. 1708 tr. J. Cowell Law Dict. at Deed A Deed testifying that only one of the Parties to the Bargain, hath put his seal thereto. 1762 North Briton No. 12 To bring the name into contempt by putting it to two insipid tragedies. a1821 J. Keats Cap & Bells xvi, in R. M. Milnes Life, Lett. & Lit. Remains Keats (1848) II. 221 I'll put a mark against some rebel names. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge viii. 281 Put a black cross against the name of Curzon. 1864 J. H. Newman Apologia vi. 340 To this volume..I also put my initials. 1902 Manitoba Morning Free Press 11 Nov. 3/2 Cheap horse play farces that he's actually ashamed to put his name to. 1963 C. Churchill in J. Fishman My Darling Clementine xxvi. 344 I hope that when the next election comes, they will put their cross against the name of you know who. 1985 S. Penman Here be Dragons i. 451 But you put your great seal to this document, Papa. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiv. 299 He does not want to put his name to daring alternatives for fear that middle England will see him as a limp-wristed liberal. d. transitive. To place (a garment, piece of jewellery, etc.) on (also upon) a person, the body, etc. (formerly also occasionally to take †off a person). See also to put on 2a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1, to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on to do oneOE graitha1375 puta1382 to take on1389 to let falla1400 takea1400 to put on?a1425 endow1484 addressa1522 to get on1549 to draw on1565 don1567 to pull on1578 dight1590 sumpterc1595 to get into ——1600 on with1600 array1611 mount1785 to cast on1801 endoss1805 endue1814 ship1829 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 4 Kings xi. 12 He broȝte forþ þe sone of þe kyng & putte vp on hym a diademe. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. viii. 7 He clothide the bischop with a lynnun schirte..and puttide the cloth on the schuldris aboue. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 1947 (MED) On his finger she it pitt; With ful glad hert he toke it; Thus thei chaunged here ringes twoo. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 200 (MED) He..arose..and Put of hym his clothis. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xliij He hath put vpon him an albe and a Vestement. 1611 Bible (King James) Luke xv. 22 Bring foorth the best robe, and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and shooes on his feete. View more context for this quotation 1675 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. I. 781/2 A certain Gascoigne took him away, and put a pill'd broken Hood on his Head. 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 1. 2 He filled my Hat..and then put it upon my bare Head. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 387 [20 Apr.] He had her face washed, and put clean clothes on her. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxvi. 391 Mrs. Craddock..just waiting to put something smarter on her head than her night-cap, ran down into the..drawing-room. 1883 M. Oliphant Hester II. ix. 154 She would not have put those pearls on a girl's neck, unless she was dressed conformably. 1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday v. 103 The whole hideous effect was as if some drunken dandies had put their clothes upon a corpse. 1951 S. H. Bell December Bride ii. xii. 171 Ach, Agnes,..sure I havena a clean jersey to put on the cratur. 1996 Kindred Spirit Summer 47 The priest is giving them kushi grass..to make a ring which they will put on their finger to symbolise union with the ancestors. e. transitive. To introduce (an animal) to another in order that they may mate. Formerly also without construction: †to attempt to mate (an animal) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > breed > put to for breeding put?1523 to put to?1523 match1530 matea1593 submit1697 couple1721 breed1886 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xx What tyme thou shalt put thy rammes to thy ewes. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 126^v Neyther must you put him to a young Mare. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 112 If two males be put to one female, they fight fircely. 1663 J. Beale Let. 9 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 180 This I have seene often tryed by putting Cotsall rams to our Tectum genus. 1758 R. Brown Compl. Farmer (1759) 21 They are put to the bull about July. 1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting v. 57 Should a favourite dog skirt a little, put him to a thorough line-hunting bitch. 1819 J. Keats Let. 22 Sept. in G. G. Williamson Keats Mem. Vol. (1921) 120 Chowder died long ago—Mrs. H. laments that the last time they put him (i.e. to breed) he didn't take. 1864 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 25 i. 221 The mares..if put to a good thoroughbred horse would produce good hunters. 1903 Biometrika 2 212 The tricolour bitch La Fanfare put to the tricolour dog Bourbon gave the tricolour pup Bluette. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. X. 724/2 Well-grown gilts can be put to the boar at eight months. 1983 V. Russell Heavy Horses of World 44 He..was often put to English mares. 2000 Farmers Weekly 18 Feb. 24/3 Of the 68 ewes and ewe lambs put to the ram last June, no fewer than 13 ewes were empty. f. transitive. To harness (a draught animal) to (also †unto, †in) a vehicle. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness harness13.. putc1550 to put in1709 tackle1714 to put to1732 reharness1775 crupper1787 crup1880 tack1946 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvii. 119 He vas put in ane cart to drug and drau, quhar he vas euyl dung & broddit. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Iungo To couple or put horses in the carte... To put the horses to the carte. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice v. 55 Cause him to bee put vnto the Cart, placing him in that place which the Carters call the lash. 1692 T. Taylor tr. G. Daniel Voy. World Cartesius iii. 185 Who took thereupon his Cloak, and order'd his Horses to be put in the Coach. 1716 London Gaz. No. 5461/2 The Ammunition-Waggons should have the Horses put to them. 1788 T. Jefferson Hints European Trav. in Papers (1956) XIII. 264 You must bribe your horse hirer to put as few horses to your carriage as you think you can travel with. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. v. 79 He..put Billy [sc. a pony] in the cart to draw him home. 1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. x. 191 Sister, for goodness' sake, let 'em put the horse in the carriage and take me home. 1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 6 By the time..they got Miss Sophonsiba up and dressed and the team put to the wagon..it was almost daylight. 1981 E. H. Edwards Country Life Bk. Saddlery & Equipm. 161/1 The horses are put to their vehicles. 2002 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 3 Aug. 48 The seven had to name part of the horse and harness and put these on the horse and then assist to put the horse to the carriage. g. transitive. With across or over. To transport (a passenger, cargo, etc.) to the other side of a river or other tract of water. Cf. to put over 4a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > across overcarrya1382 to set overc1540 to put over1569 to take over1573 traject1635 put1636 cross1804 to pass over1832 to get across1909 1636 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 184 Yet some [cattle], which came late, and could not be put over the river, lived very well all the winter without any hay. 1726 N. Uring Hist. Voy. & Trav. 229 I prevailed with one of the People to put me over the River. 1805 M. Lewis in M. Lewis & W. Clark Exped. (1904) II. 184 [I] sent Shannon down the opposite side to bring the canoe over to me and put me across the Missouri. 1855 H. W. Beecher Star Papers 42 I espied someway up the Avon, a boat in charge of two young men, and easily engaged them to put me across to the coveted treasure. ?1865 D. Boucicault Colleen Bawn i. i. 12 Every night at twelve o'clock I'm here wid my boat under the blue rock below, to put him across the lake to Muckross Head. 1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 61 He at once agreed to put me across the river in one of his large boats. 1928 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 29 Jan. 1/7 Back when I was just a kid he put me across the river many times. 1950 F. Maclean Escape to Adventure iii. v. 272 Further downstream there was an old man who would put us across on a raft. 1991 J. S. Gray Custer's Last Campaign (1993) xiii. 160 Many diarists recorded an event..which involved ‘two Crows’ who were put across the river for another attempt to steal ponies from a party of Sioux. h. transitive. Hunting. To set (a hound) on or upon a scent, trail, etc. Also figurative. Cf. to put on 8c at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > put on scent re-lay1590 to put (formerly also lay) (a dog) on the scenta1616 to lay on1655 put1673 to throw in1686 to cast hounds1781 lay1781 to throw on1815 1673 R. Boyle Of Determinate Nature iv. 28 in Ess. Effluviums This Nobleman did, a competent while after, put the Blood-hound upon the scent of the man. 1712 C. Hornby Third Part Caveat Against Whigs 63 The refuse of Jails and the cast Furniture of Pillories..were..pamper'd to Swear Men out of their Lives and Estates, wherever they were put on the Scent, by that Brace of Bloodhounds, Baker and Aaron Smith. 1787 W. Attmore Jrnl. Tour N. Carolina (1922) 24 One part of the Company go into the Wood..to trail for the Deer Tracks, and put the Dogs on the Scent. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 59/2 Let him be put on the scent of pheasants.., and let him rout them about well for a few minutes. 1882 A. Ainger C. Lamb vi. 116 Lamb had a love of..putting his readers on a false scent. 1936 R. Wright Big Boy leaves Home iv, in New Caravan 146 Spose bloodhouns wuz put on his trail? Lawd! Spose a whole pack of em, foamin n howlin, tore im t pieces? 1965 Isis 55 405 The article published..in 1873 had put him on the trail of other documents. 2005 Post-Crescent (Appleton, Wisconsin) (Nexis) 2 Jan. (Outdoors section) 10 b This allows you to find bobcat tracks that are not too old and to put the dogs on the scent. i. to stay put: see stay v.¹ 6b. 12. transitive. figurative or in figurative contexts (frequently with abstract object).The verb is found in a large number of idiomatic phrases, including: to put one's back into, to put one's foot in it, to put into (or out of) one's head, to put on the map, to put under the microscope, to put the nips into, to put in a nutshell, to put in one's pocket, to put one's shoulder to, to put a sock in it, to put spurs to, to put the tin hat on it, to put the wind up, etc.: see the nouns. to put a bone in a person's hood: see bone n.¹ Phrases 1e. to put one's cards on the table: see card n.² Phrases 3. to put the cart before the horse: see cart n. 5. to put the finger in the eye: see eye n.¹ Phrases 2f. to put one's best foot first (also forward, foremost): see foot n. and int. Phrases 8. to put words into a person's mouth: see mouth n. Phrases 1g. to put pen to paper: see paper n. 1b. to put one's hand to the plough: see plough n.¹ Phrases a. to put a spoke in one's wheel: see spoke n. 4a. ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 165 Ich schal..putte þenne aþullich þonc inhire heorte. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 175 He trowede þat..his soule was i-putte in his body [?a1475 anon. tr. incorporate] by þe menynge of Pictagoras and of Plato. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 3563 (MED) Haue a mon ben neuer so bolde, Whenne þat he bicomeþ olde, vnwelde putt at him a pulle. c1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars 268 He that wroghte her..putte such a beaute in her face. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 614 (MED) Þanne þou madist of erþe..Adam..and puttist in him..a goost of lyf. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 131 Let me put in your mindes, if yours forget What you haue beene ere now, and what you are. View more context for this quotation 1611 T. Coryate Odcombian Banquet sig. K2^v Put al your wits distillement in your pen. 1672 C. Manners in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 24 At the present the King and the Duke have put severall things into his hands. 1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 219 Your Excellencies..conduct..has..put new lives into the Ministers. 1755 C. Charke Narr. Life 223 The good Nature of my Friends in Chepstow put it strongly in my Head to settle there. 1812 Chalmers Jrnl. 12 Mar. in Life (1851) I. 277 I..am greatly struck with the quantity of business which he put through his hands. 1889 F. Barrett Under Strange Mask II. xiv. 78 The thing had been put before her in such vivid reality. 1913 Bulletin (San Francisco) 19 Mar. 17/2 Del Howard has put a lot of life and pepper into the Seal herd. 1968 G. S. Haight George Eliot i. 15 The hungry public gobbled avidly whatever he put before them. 1989 E. Mashinini Strikes have followed Me viii. 75 Somebody must have put this or that idea into my head. III. To place or bring (a thing or person) in or into a specified relation, condition, or form. * Senses in which the notion of physical motion in space is implied, but is subordinated to that of the relation between elements that results from this motion. 13. transitive. To cause to be in or assume a particular place or situation, in a general or figurative sense, or in phrases where the name of a thing or place stands for its purpose, as to put in hospital, to put in prison, to put on the market, to put on the stage, to put to bed, to put to school, etc. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > send to school to set to lore (also to book, to school)a1225 to put to schoola1300 to send to school, college1531 school1577 society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale cheapa1225 to set out13.. to put forthc1350 utter?c1400 market1455 offer1472 lovea1500 pitch1530 to set on (or a) sale1546 exposea1610 to bring to market1639 huckster1642 shop1688 deal1760 to put on the market1897 merchandise1926 a1300 Vision St. Paul (Jesus Oxf.) l. 213 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 153 (MED) Heo beoþ iput in þilke trume Þat ne leuede nouht in godes sone. 1348 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers of London (1902) I. 3 (MED) Also that non persone ne estraunger wirk ne bere suche maner vessel of peauter in þe Cite to sel ne it put to sale afore the mater be assaid. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 323 Þe kyng of Engelond was..i-putte in ward [?a1475 anonymous translation was kepede; L. custodiendus demandatur] in þe castel of Kelyngworþe. a1400 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Egerton) (1966) 25 (MED) To scole þey were put. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 117 (MED) A lady..hadde a doughter ynamed Delbora, which doughter she putte [Fr. mist] vnto scole. a1475 (?1436) in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 13 (MED) I was put to the Soudenys house & was made vssher of halle. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxxix. 346 He caused the..erle of Auser to be putte in prison. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccliij To put the kinges sonne or his brother in to the possession of Scotlande. 1562 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 7 Putand in the place of godly ministeris..dum doggis. 1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 106 That haue not been by any casualtie, or accident put behinde hand in the world. 1635 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Eliz. (ed. 3) iii. 374 His goods were put to port sale. 1654 Mercurius Fumigosus No. 9 88 Hee that is the Conqueror, shall that Night have a warm Clowt, lay'd to his Breech by the Lady that was fought for, and so to be put to Bed together. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 122 Having others put over their heads. 1734 H. Fielding Don Quixote in Eng. ii. xiv. 38 Poor Man! he must be put to Bed. I shall apply some proper Remedies. 1799 J. Beekman Let. 29 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) III. 1281 Mr. Dunant informed us in his last that he purposed putting your Daughter at Mrs. Graham's after the Restoration of Health to our City. 1850 J. H. Newman Serm. Var. Occasions (1881) xii. 229 He was ever putting himself in the background. 1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxviii. 283 The landlords even strongly objected to their serfs putting their children to school. 1897 Tit-Bits 4 Dec. 172/2 If..some new patent is being put on the market, it is an opportunity that our traveller will not miss. 1919 M. Sinclair Mary Olivier ii. 18 It was the end of her birthday; Mama and Jenny were putting her to bed. 1948 Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram 30 Oct. [He] reminds her constantly of her past as a chambermaid in Chicago before he put her on the stage. 1969 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 3/4 Surrounded by neighboring dogs that barked at his every movement and risked getting him put in the clink for fourteen days. 1989 B. Roche Handful of Stars ii. ii, in K. Harwood First Run 242 He's already put two people in hospital. 2006 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Oct. 16/1 If..the Democrats take back control of the House in the fall elections and put San Francisco's Nancy Pelosi in the speaker's chair, there are going to be a lot more changes. 14. a. transitive. To place in or into the hands or power of another; to place in or under the care or protection of a person, institution, etc. Formerly also: †to commit or entrust to (also in, unto) a person in order to be protected, dealt with, etc. (obsolete). Cf. to put on —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another givea1000 beteachc1000 teachc1000 betake1297 trust1340 bekena1375 commenda1382 putc1390 recommanda1393 commitc1405 recommendc1405 resignc1425 allot1473 commise1474 commanda1500 consign1528 in charge (of)1548 credit1559 incommend1574 entrusta1586 aret1590 be-giftc1590 concredit1593 betrust1619 concrede1643 subcommit1681 to farm out1786 confide1861 fide1863 doorstep1945 to foster out1960 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for or protect [verb (reflexive)] > commit to the care of another putc1390 commit1569 to fling oneself upon1842 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > entrust to another recommandc1380 putc1390 recommendc1405 lippenc1480 rely1585 recommit1658 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust, have confidence in [verb (intransitive)] > in another to lay (one's care, concerns) on Godc1175 put?1553 c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 371 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 583 (MED) Put þi body, whon þou art seek, To leche þat is lele. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 20795 (MED) Putte al in [a1400 Trin. Cambr. take hit to] him þat is of miȝt; lete him þer-of þe resoun riȝt. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 25353 For-þi putte al in goddis hande. 1415 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1709) IX. 300 (MED) For the wych Offence, y putte me holy in ȝowre Grace. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 207 (MED) All þe gudis att he had, he putt þaim vnto þe bisshopp. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 38 (MED) He..puttiþ himself holy and trustely in god. ?1553 Respublica (1952) ii. ii. 17 Will ye putte yourselfe nowe wholye into my handes? 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xv. 90 Let vs put ourselues to his protection. 1645 Kings Cabinet Opened Annot. 53 Reformation in Church Government, that power military and civill might be put into confiding hands. 1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 26 Builders put their design to Master-Workmen by the Great, or have it Wrought by the Day. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 289 I fear'd mostly their Treachery and ill Usage of me, if I put my Life in their Hands. 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxxvi. 73 The Arab..observed the laws of hospitality with great exactness to those who put themselves into his power. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxix. 366 A very fine healthy young man put himself under my care for chancre. 1882 R. G. Wilberforce Life S. Wilberforce III. xv. 424 He wished ‘to put himself in my hands’ for our journey to Holmbury. 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xii. 152 Every horse..has two wills. With one will, it wants to put itself in the human power completely. 1966 Listener 10 Mar. 342/2 We continue to put some offenders..under the care of individual probation officers and Borstal housemasters. 1985 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 4th Ser. Episode 3. 221 When Mum died I should have had you put in care. 2000 N.Y. Mag. 10 July 16/3 Gore's real problem is his image... He's put himself into the hands of merchandisers who've just wrung the life out of him. b. transitive. Originally: to give or send (a person) to another to be educated or trained in a business; to apprentice to a person (sometimes with object complement). In later use also: to send (a person) to a particular school, college, etc.to put to school: see sense 13. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > commit to a person for putc1515 to set out1575 c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xl. 132 She to be put to your doughter to teche hyr to speake..the language of frenche. 1600 S. Forman Autobiogr. & Diary (1849) 6 He put himself an apprentice to on Mathewe Comins of Sarum at 14 yers. a1652 R. Brome Court Begger i. i. sig. N8, in Five New Playes (1653) To put you to some Tellers Clearke to teach you Ambo-dexterity in telling money. 1718 Mem. Life J. Kettlewell i. ii. 9 He was first put to a petty School. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1772 I. 368 [Johnson:] I would not put a boy to him, whom I intended for a man of learning. 1794 J. Beekman Let. 12 June in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) 1267 Let your Daughter still board with Mr. Milderberger and put her to Mrs. Graham for her Education. 1832 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 15 Dec. 361/2 On the discovery of his literary taste, Mr. Laidlaw put him to an evening school. 1836 R. M. Bird Sheppard Lee II. vii. ii. 224 The surest way to cure a boy of a love of cakes and comfits, is to put him apprentice to a confectioner. 1872 T. A. Trollope Stilwinches II. iii. 39 I've a son turn'd o' twenty..and he is put to a tutor, the Reverend and Honorable Halban Halleyne. 1917 F. Swinnerton Nocturne viii. 162 He put me to a school where they watched me all the time. 1960 R. K. Webb Harriet Martineau i. 8 [Their] father's efforts were not enough to keep them in a proper school... They were put to a good school in Hackney. 1977 Burlington Mag. July 480/2 A William Allbrook was put apprentice to a London joiner John Belchier in 1741. 1983 Austral. Dict. Biogr. IX. 196/2 Destined for the law, he was put to a tutor. 15. transitive. To insert, enter, or include (an item, esp. a person's name) in a document, on a list, etc.; to cause the name or details of (a person) to be thus included or mentioned. Cf. to put down 5a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > attach as writing to put to1396 to set toa1400 putc1436 society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)] > enter in list billc1305 enrolc1350 putc1436 rollc1440 inbill1461 book1548 cataloguize1609 billet1610 enschedulea1616 catalogize1632 catalogue1635 list1658 schedule1862 handlist1888 c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 19 (MED) Hit shulden ben apertly put in Domys day..so that the ballives and the burgesys..of the same lawes and the vsages myghten hane certain reconisaunce and knowyng. 1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. Introd. p. cxi Thre persons..put thairefter in the said retour. 1514 R. Pace Let. 10 Sept. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 175 The fayth he hadde in me and th'auctoritie that he didde put me in hys last wylle. 1561 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1875) III. 114 Thre score..hagbuttaris [to] be listit and put in wages. 1583 W. Rainolds Refut. Sundry Reprehensions vii. 155 Surely it was an ouersight, that he forgat to put in the rolle, S. Bernard, the bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxvii. 24 Neither was the number put in the account of the Chronicles of King Dauid. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 121 Let me be vnrold, and my name put in the booke of Vertue. View more context for this quotation 1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. x. 220 Assure your selves, you are like to be put in the Black List. 1735 J. Hughes tr. Fontenelle Dial. (ed. 3) ii. i. 62 They could not all be put into a Panegyrick, but into a Satyr they might. 1790 R. Tyler Contrast iv. i. 61 I came hither to solicit the honourable Congress, that a number of my brave soldiers may be put upon the pension-list. 1806 Let. 26 Dec. in M. Wells Mem. Life Mrs. Sumbel (1811) III. 212 He has received Mr. Thomas Sheridan's directions to put her name and friend on the free-list. 1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 138 Those are generally put in a table, against the names of their respective places in an alphabetical order. 1871 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera I. xi. 19 I must pass, disjointedly, to matters, which, in a written letter, would have been put in a postscript. 1950 A. Buckeridge Jennings goes to School vii. 137 Now I've had to put all sorts of bogus oiks on the List, just to protect myself. 1973 Sat. Rev. Society (U.S.) May 68/2 Ask to be put on the mailing list for Selected U.S. Government Publications. 2005 Townsville (Austral.) Sun (Nexis) 22 June 5 If someone wants to give something to someone when they die, they should put it in their will. Senses in which a person or thing is brought to or placed in a particular state or condition, or induced to a certain course of action. 16.** a. (a) transitive. To set to an act or action, or to do something. Also reflexive.In early use sometimes with some suggestion of urging or incitement; cf. sense 19. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or apply oneself [verb (reflexive)] atil1297 putc1300 addressa1393 richc1400 steadc1475 embark1584 familiarize1593 the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act makea1225 putc1300 gara1340 have1390 geta1400 to set (a-)going1530 set1577 occasion1587 c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 369 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 310 (MED) Þare-fore þenchez ȝwane he wole eou to sunne puyte. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2793 (MED) Who-so putteþ hym to swere, Grete charge for hym shal he bere. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 289 Selden is any pore yput [c1400 C text pitt] to punysshen any peple. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1483 (MED) Þai..Putt þam to prayris, & penaunce enduris. c1475 tr. Secreta Secret. (Tripolitanus abbrev.) 328 Commaunde that thy subgites put thaire children for to lerne the lettres and noble sciences. ?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Div^v Whan the Vnicorne hath put hym to rest at a tree. 1530 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 4 To the great hurte of the Kynges true Subjectes puttynge their Childe to be prentyse. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2696 Why puttes þou not Parys his purpos to leue? c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1927) III. ii. 6249 How that worship in the worthy..puttis thame to purches pris! 1649 R. Baron Apol. for Paris 63 Love..made him [sc. Jupiter] Metamorphose himselfe for Europa into a Bull, (and put himself to graze that he might lick her hands who fed him with flowers). 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 6 I put Mr. G. and R. Hook..to contrive some Air Pump, that might not, like the other, need to be kept under water. 1704 Boston News-let. 15 May 2/1 The Governour of the place, wanting a Sute of Sails to be made for a Sloop, hearing he was a Sail-maker, put him to make them. 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 50 If we did not so frequently put Horses to perform Things which Nature never designed them for. 1777 J. Howard State Prisons Eng. & Wales 121 Men are put to labour in the Rasp-houses, and women do proper work in the Spin-Houses. 1827 S. B. H. Judah Buccaneers I. ii. 123 His listeners..would not put themselves to a minute's labour from the laziness of their natures, to refute the hollowness of his doctrines. 1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 54 Horses..are put to work at three years old. 1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice ii. i. 137 Christ..put himself to his works of healing for this purpose. 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent i. 11 Stevie was put to help wash the dishes. 1917 P. E. More Platonism i. 3 Socrates, amazed and incredulous, had put himself to the task of testing this strange saying. 1953 Life 8 June 28/3 Secretary Humphrey has put experts to work out..a set of reforms that will go to Congress early next year. 1991 E. J. Howard Marking Time (1992) 11 Sid and Villy had been put to making wooden battens onto which blackout material could be nailed. (b) transitive. With on or upon. Cf. to put on 8a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work setc1175 put1608 to put on1822 to turn to1836 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vi. 99 Tis they haue put him on the old mans death. View more context for this quotation 1645 T. Coleman Hopes Deferred 30 July 14 His folly might put him on the same way of resistance. 1662 H. More Coll. Several Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. Gen. §6 He can neither hit upon a right sense of things himself..or rightly pursue it, when he is put upon it by another. 1712 Boston News-let. 25 Mar. 1/2 They were put upon that Bloody Action by the Sinneke Indians, one of our five Nations. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ix. 396 The strong addiction..to lucre often..puts them on defrauding the authority..that protects them. 1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 223 It [sc. July] is sometimes..a very showery month, putting..the farmer upon anxious thoughts for his ripening corn. 1885 Law Times Rep. 53 467/2 He had notice of facts which ought to have put him on inquiry. 1903 ‘No. 7’ 25 Years in 17 Prisons xii. 115 For the first week or two I was put upon ‘dissing’. 1945 Bulletin (Sydney) 2 May 12/1 The boss put me on ploughing a piece of frontage where the sheila passed on her way for the cows. 1990 Indian Express (Cochin) 24 Jan. 8/1 The second thing to do is to put the very best investigators and law officers on the job of pushing the trials. b. transitive. With to (formerly †on, †upon). To set (a person) to study or practise a subject, skill, or profession; to apprentice (a person) to a trade. Cf. sense 14b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education put?1387 ?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 73 Why..putteþ men here sones raþere to lawe syuyle. ?a1425 Constit. Masonry (Royal 17 A.i) l. 30 in J. O. Halliwell Early Hist. Freemasonry in Eng. (1844) 13 Thys onest craft he putte hem to. a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 131 (MED) Qhanne a man hatz manye childryn, he puttyȝt hem to dyuers craftys to getyn here lyuyng. 1564 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1887) I. 81 To put him to ane craft. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 537 I will put Ephraim to the saddle, Judah to the plow. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1690) 113 Since the generality of Gentlemen, and some Noblemen, do put their younger sons to Merchandize. 1720 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth 61 This Custom of putting Boys upon the Greek Tongue, before they understand any thing of the Latin. 1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 63 They are..put upon Versifying. 1822 H. Ainslie Pilgrimage to Land of Burns 233 I pat him to the wright business. 1919 H. Clay Econ. for Gen. Reader xvi. 304 No foresight was exercised in his choice of an occupation, and he was put to the trade which gave the biggest immediate wage and no prospects of anything better. 1936 P. S. Buck Exile i. 16 He had not been put to the trade as the others had, for he was born late in his mother's life after the death of several children, and he was delicate. c. With on. (a) transitive. To set (an animal) to feed solely or principally on a particular food; to restrict (a person) to a particular diet. Also with on to, upon (formerly to). to put (a person) on a diet: to restrict or reduce the food intake of (a person). Cf. to put to a diet at diet n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > feed with specific food diet1362 put1620 gruel1804 pap-feed1809 chicken-broth1856 soup1857 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] baitc1400 servea1475 foddera1500 refetea1500 maintain1576 provend1581 provender1584 put1620 meal1630 stall-feed1763 feed1818 board1875 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > pasture leasowc950 feed1382 pasturec1400 to put to grass1471 grassc1500 to turn out?1523 graze1564 impasture1614 put1620 depasture1713 run1767 to run out1851 the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > force-feed to wring down1633 put1737 force-feed1938 1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry xvii. 159 In the moneth of December, put your sheepe and swine to the Pease reeks, and fat them for the slaughter and market. 1737 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 2) II. xxx. 353 He was advised to go to the Country, and to be put on a Diet of Whey. 1798 Amer. Universal Mag. 26 Jan. 234 He..put himself on a flesh diet. 1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 364 All my ewes were put to turnips. 1861 Amer. Agriculturist Jan. 15/2 I put her [sc. the cow] on to oat straw about the middle of the Winter. 1888 Times 21 June 10/3 He was put upon bread and water. 1936 D. Powell Turn, Magic Wheel ii. 142 I wish you'd let me put you on a Hay diet. All proteins at once, all starches. 1956 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Oct. 22/3 The doctor put me on a diet and I'm so hungry. 1992 Farmers Weekly 14 Aug. 50/3 The cows are put onto a ration of maize and lucerne silage. (b) transitive. To set (a patient) on a course of a particular medicine, therapy, etc.; to prescribe a particular drug for (a patient). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > subject to course of treatment course1773 put1829 1829 Lancet 25 July 513/2 We should not merely put the patient on the temporary use of purgatives. 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 649 I put her on red medulla tabloids. 1958 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 24 45/2 Theoretically, the ideal method for comparison is to put patients on treatment programs selected only by random numbers. 1975 B. Donoughue Diary 24 Feb. in Downing St. Diary (2005) xi. 315 Still feeling ill from an acute sinus infection so I went to the doctor..and was put on antibiotics. 1989 Equinox Jan. 45/2 Her Samoyed had arthritic hips. ‘We'll put her on bute for a month,’ he explained patiently. 17. a. transitive. To place in, bring into, or reduce or bring to a specified state or condition. Also with at, on, under, upon. Cf. to put out of —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 2.Frequently in established phrases, as to put at ease, at (also to) hazard, etc.; to put in fear, mind, remembrance, the wrong, †work, etc.; to put in (also into, †to) action, execution, force, motion, order, practice, readiness, requisition, †respite, shape, suspense, use, etc.; to put on (also upon) one's guard, one's honour, record, etc.; to put to rights, silence, sleep, etc. For the more established phrases see the nouns. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition set971 haveOE wendOE to bring onc1230 teemc1275 putc1330 run1391 casta1400 laya1400 stead1488 constitute1490 render1490 takea1530 introduce1532 deduce1545 throw?1548 derive?c1550 turn1577 to work up1591 estate1605 arrive1607 state1607 enduea1616 assert1638 sublime1654 to run up1657 c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 238 (MED) His fredom was binomen him al And put in seruage as a þral, Noht one he, bute alle þo Þat of him comen for euere mo. c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1495 Parauenture an heep of yow..Wol holden hym a lewed man..That he wol putte his wyf in iupartie. a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) 54 (MED) He to þe blynd has sent his sight And puttyd to lyfe [a1425 Galba raised] þat ded lay. c1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 275 Thenke ye that furthered be your name To love a newe..And putte yow in sclaunder now and blame. c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 49 (MED) God..shal uisit hem & defende hem and shal saue hem and put hem in euerlasting lif. 1539 Bible (Great) Psalms ix. 20 Put them in feare. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 30 This rule will I put in practise. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. v. 34 b We had putte our gallies in order, with theyr flagges, banners [etc.]. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxix. ii. 353 Then were the rackes stretched,..the string-torments also and the whips put in readinesse. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. ii. viii. f. 65 The young Gentleman, being put in good hope by his mothers promise, began..to shew..signes of..amendment. 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads i. 389 Put Jove in mind of this. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 51/2 The Lords..are not like a Jury, put upon their Oaths, but do it upon their Honor. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum 16 When our Universal State Was put to hazard. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 6 This put my Mother into a great Passion. 1734 J. Vanderlint Money answers All Things 108 An addition of Land, as must every Year be further put into Use and cultivated. 1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph II. 298 My father was put in possession of Mr. Ware's library. 1775 T. Pownall Mem. Navigation & Drainage 3 The whole expence, the interest, the safety of the country is put at hazard, and the effect left to chance. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xi. 220 The bones of the feet..are put in action by every slip or vacillation of the body. 1824 L.-M. Hawkins Mem. I. 290 It was her care to put every body at ease. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. ii. 43 You have put me under an obligation which I never can repay. 1849 J. L. H. McCracken Earning Living ii. ii. 16 O.H. The education of her son, and his first start in life, depend in a manner on this fund. G. Two things she ought not to put at risk. 1892 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 2 540 The person deputed..to receive the proposal, and to put it into shape. a1898 H. Bessemer Autobiogr. (1905) xiii. 184 I had no sooner arrived at these results on a commercial scale than I again put myself in communication with Colonel Eardley Wilmot. 1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 270 Tell him I said to give you some pills that will put you to sleep for about twenty-four hours. 1962 D. Slayton in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 22 The recovery techniques which we would put into play to find and rescue the Astronaut and his capsule after they had landed. 1987 Down East Nov. 62/3 The winter had put the earth at rest for a season. 2006 Wired July 129/1 A hunger for new ideas and an impatience to put them into practice. b. transitive. With adjectival or adverbial complement: to make or cause to be or become what is expressed by the complement. to put right: see right adj. and int. Phrases 7a, right adj. 10. to put next (to): see next adj. 14c. to put wise: see wise adj. 3b(b).In Wyclif, often a literal translation from Latin ponere. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Lament. iii. 11 My paþes he turnede vp so doun..he putte me desolat [L. posuit me desolatam]. c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2655 I myghte neither bere it ne sustene, and so sholde I been put and holden ouer lowe. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 61 (MED) Pouerte pursued me and put me lowe. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Lllll5^v/2 T'has put me clean awry now, I shall ne'r get in again. 1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 258 Musculus was put void of his Church. 1790 A. Wilson Poems 58 To think how aft I'm putten wud. 1835 J. H. Newman Lett. & Corr. (1891) II. 138 He and Keble both being away puts everything wrong. 1892 H. R. Mill Realm of Nature ii. 20 The least mistake..would put the calculation all wrong. 1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) vi. 104 If it [sc. the current] failed for a few seconds,..the secondary pendulums would carry on for a little while so the time shown on the dials was not put wrong. 1958 J. O'Donovan Dangerous Worlds 105 Mother let it out that she had put the clock fast because Toby was so hard to get off to school. 1984 Times 19 May 28/7 It was his wife..who put him straight. He needed more follow through, she counselled. 18. transitive. With to (and occasionally other prepositions). To cause to undergo or be subjected to a specified punishment, difficult circumstance, treatment, etc.Frequently in established phrases, as to put to punishment, to (the) torture, etc.; to put to death, to destruction, etc.; to put to expense, to (the) trouble, etc.; to put to (the) proof, to (the) test, etc.; to put to the horn, to (also under) the plough, to the sword, etc.; to put to the blush, to (a) rebuke, to shame, etc.; to put upon one's trial. For the more established phrases see the nouns. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > decree putc1390 statute1397 inact1432 ordinance1440 enact1464 act1483 enactizea1618 edict1652 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > suffer pain [verb (transitive)] > cause pain aileOE grieve?c1225 girdc1275 painc1375 putc1390 sorea1400 troublec1400 anguisha1425 vex?c1425 urn1488 suffera1500 exagitate1532 fire1602 trachle1889 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] > subject to putc1390 to make a martyr of1599 society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > inflict (retributive punishment) [verb (transitive)] > for an offence or on an offender > inflict retributive punishment upon yieldc1380 putc1390 rewardc1400 pay?c1450 vengea1470 revenge?1526 avenge1633 to pay back1655 to pay off1699 to serve out1809 to pay out1849 c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 534 (MED) Kar si vous volez mettere a uoyr..ȝif þou woldest hit putte to soþing..Þou miȝtest procure wiþ such prouyng To þi-self newe schamyng. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 139 (MED) As a lewed Frere, Whan he is put to his penance, Riht so lese I mi contienance. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10072 (MED) He..him put til hel pin. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 2281 It is nat good for hir redempcioun To putte vs alle to destruccioun. 1455 in J. H. Fisher et al. Anthol. Chancery Eng. (1984) 289 He..was by the occasion therof put to ouer grete excessyue losses. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 14 (MED) The said king Johan was put to finaunce and raunson of thre millions of scutis of golde. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 722 Ȝe se the Scottis puttis feill to confusioun. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xxiv. 9 Then shal they put you to trouble. 1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII 26 §32 No..persone..for Murther or Felony, shallbe put to his fyne. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 25 Thys yere the commons of Cornwall arose..The captayns tane and put to excecucione. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 9098 All put thay to the suord I hecht. 1607 B. Jonson Volpone v. iv. sig. M2^v They'll put you to the Rack, you must be sodaine. 1639 J. Shirley Ball ii. sig. C Thou maist be buried, And ha the Church-cloth, if you can put in Securitie, the Parish shall be put To no more charge. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 66 Soon as they had him, at their mercy, They put him to the Cudgel fiercely. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. viii. 199 She had put herself to the Expence of a long Hood. View more context for this quotation 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xix. 174 The dexterity, as well as the firmness of Julian, was put to a severe trial, when he took the field with a discontented army. a1809 H. Cowley Town before You ii. iv, in Wks. (1813) II. 364 But for a distrust..of these west-end-of-the Town Ladies he would not have been put to this pain. 1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. xliii. 606 Foy..put the defenders to the bayonet without distinction. 1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 112 It is stocked with cattle or put under the plough. 1881 A. C. Swinburne Mary Stuart iii. i. 103 If these men Have written toward the queen my sister's hurt..Let them be put to punishment. 1890 Sandusky (Ohio) Daily Register 15 Sept. The increase in the number of acres of land put to cultivation in the last fifteen years. 1936 M. L. Cooke Future of Great Plains iii. 43 Land unsuitable for cultivation has been put to the plow. 1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 383 He put to fire and sword those who resisted. 1968 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 17 Dec. 49/1 Could you buy me two tickets to the playoff game? I don't want to put you to any extra trouble, but it would be gratefully appreciated. 1989 U.S. News & World Rep. (Nexis) 17 July 46 Charles Sanson's Paris home was the pillory house, where delinquents were put to torture and death. 2001 Heat 17 Nov. 83/1 Enid..and Rebecca..find their life-long friendship put to the test. 19. a. transitive. To force or drive (a person) to the performance of an action; to oblige (a person) to have recourse to something.Frequently in established phrases, as to put to flight, a plunge, the run, a shift, one's trumps, etc. For the more established phrases see the nouns. See also to put (a person) to it at Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state needeOE driveOE strainc1374 halec1400 plunge?c1400 thrust14.. pulla1425 put1425 compel1541 violent?1551 forcec1592 necessitate1629 oblige1632 dragoon1689 press1733 coercea1853 thirl1871 steamroller1959 arm-twist1964 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 4591 (MED) Þay were þe furste men of myȝt, þat potte the Sarazyns to þe flyȝt.] 1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 271/2 Such possession..ought not to be..affermed, ne putte my seid Lord..to his action. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xlvii. 69 God dyde putt her to reason, askynge to her, why she had trespaced his commaundement. 1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. L2^v Englande was put to a sore plunge through hir wylfulnes. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Prayer 111 Salomon beyng put to his choyse. 1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. H.3 Began with speed, for to plucke vp my feete, Because the place, did put me to my iumps. 1651 H. L'Estrange Smectymnuo-mastyx 27 When Smectymnuus are put to instance they can onely tell us, that [etc.]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 386 Thank him who puts me loath to this revenge. View more context for this quotation 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 207 At the end of their course they were put to their option. 1796 R. Bage Hermsprong I. xii. 122 A savage, put to his choice, will, in all common situations, prefer life. 1808 ‘P. Plymley’ Two More Lett. on Catholics vii. 31 Eleven hundred men, commanded by a soldier raised from the ranks, put to rout a select army of 6000 men. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i. 10 He was put to strange shifts to make out a living. 1924 W. Beebe Galapagos, World's End xv. 316 In the wind they [sc. frigate birds] were put to constant effort in balancing. 1978 J. P. Stern Nietzsche v. 83 The abstruse and unhistorical subterfuges Marxist and Freudian interpreters are put to when attempting to isolate the major motive force of politics. 2005 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 29 Oct. 2 The Israeli unit put to flight the other military occupants of the Kuntilla compound. b. transitive. To compel, require, oblige, or call on (a person) to do something. Frequently in passive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something holdc1275 piltc1275 constraina1340 strength1340 distrainc1374 compelc1380 makec1395 distressa1400 stressa1400 art?1406 putc1450 coerce1475 cohert1475 enforce1509 perforce1509 forcec1540 violent?1551 press1600 necessitate1601 rack1602 restrain1621 reduce1622 oblige1632 necessiate1709 c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 3330 (MED) He toke þe Cyte of Ierico and putt [v.r. made] the pepyll to pay trypage. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iii. 102 You put me to forget a Ladies manners By being so verball. View more context for this quotation 1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 102 I have divers times beene put to defend my selfe with my knife. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. D4 The father was never put to provide for him selfe while he was under the care of this good old man. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 305 He..is reckon'd a great Master of his Sword. God grant he may never be put to use it! 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxiii. 305 The..law requires that the accusation be warranted by the oath of twelve men, before the party shall be put to answer it. 1831 W. Scott Count Robert vii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 222 Put me not..to dishonour myself by striking thee with this weapon. 1991 M. S. Power Come Executioner (1992) xvi. 182 Now that he was put to explain it, the vague plan he had concocted in his mind sounded outrageous and farcical. 20. transitive. With from, off. To turn away or avert from something; to divert, discourage, or deter (a person) from his or her purpose or desire. Also: to dismiss, banish (something or someone unwanted or undesirable). Cf. to put off 5a at Phrasal verbs 1, to put off 7 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > do away with or eradicate to do awayOE to do outOE to put awaya1382 outroot?a1425 to set awayc1430 to set apart1455 roota1500 weed1526 ridc1540 root1565 displace1580 root1582 put1584 eradicate1647 eliminate1650 eruncate1651 to knock out1883 1584 C. Robinson et al. Handefull Pleasant Delites (new ed.) sig. Aiii The sunne shal loose his course, the moone..Shall haue no light, if that I do once put you from my minde. 1596 R. Johnson Famous Hist. Seauen Champions i. xv. 151 In this sorrowfull manner wearied saint George the time away, vntill the Egyptian King..put him from his complaintes, and requested the English Knight to tell the true discourse of Sabraes proffered violence. 1671 A. Behn Forc'd Marriage iii. i. 40 I believ'd it but a slight of hers, To put me from my Courtship. 1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding v. iv. 61 Come, Sir John, don't think to put me from my purpose; you know me very well. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Let. 1 Mar. (1945) II. 646 Virtue doesn't agree with me well, and a very little domestic rose-leaf rumpled puts me off my work for the day. 1862 Temple Bar 6 331 Don't be put off this by any consideration of weight or expense. 1883 M. E. Mann Parish of Hilby xix She could not put from her some feeling of pride. 1949 D. Smith I capture Castle (U.K. ed.) ix. 134 He'll end by putting them off us. 1980 G. Hammond Reward Game vii. 96 Do you still want Briesland House, or did this morning's stishie put you off it for life? 2004 Scotsman (Nexis) 25 Feb. 16 Had the stage adaptation been any good, it would have put it [sc. the original] from my mind. 21. a. transitive. To direct or urge (a horse) in a specified direction, esp. to or at an obstacle. Also: to set (a horse) to a particular movement, pace, or set of paces. See also to put (a horse) through (its) paces at pace n.¹ Phrases 2b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > urge on streeka1500 push1590 put1590 whigc1667 cramc1830 to call upon ——1842 double-thong1856 giddap1938 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 4 A Rancke rider hath put his horse to a hedge, and lay in the ditch. a1627 T. Middleton More Dissemblers besides Women v. i, in 2 New Playes (1657) 68 But away rid I Sir, put my horse to a caranto pace. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 350 Shuffling along at a strange Rate, so as would have put a Horse to a midling Gallop. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XII xxxix. 24 Which puts my Pegasus to these grave paces. 1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. ii. 84 He [sc. a horse] may be put to the leap. 1891 ‘A. Thomas’ That Affair II. ii. 23 She..puts the cob up the hill. 1901 Munsey's Mag. Aug. 721/2 I put the horse to his run. 1981 R. Westall Scarecrows v. 41 Father putting the horse from a walk to a trot to a canter that jiggled Simon up-and-down unmercifully. 1999 G. Cox Dict. Sport xii. 380/2 Presentation, the way in which a rider puts his horse at a jump. b. With through. (a) transitive. Originally Military. To cause (a person) to undertake or demonstrate competence in all the parts of an exercise, course of study, etc.; to help (a person) to complete an exercise or task, to become conversant with a topic, etc. See also to put (a person) through his (also her, etc.) facings at facing n. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > practise or carry on [verb (transitive)] > cause (one) to go through an exercise, etc. put1795 1795 T. Reide Treat. Duty Infantry Officers i. ii. 41 If the weather is fine, the men may be put through the manual and platoon exercises, marching, wheeling, &c. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. viii. 172 I am scarce fit for the drill yet..I can keep my feet, however, while our serjeant puts me through the manual. 1823 J. S. Smith Siege of Algiers ii. iii. 48 He seems to have the rudiments of the bon ton; I'll put him through the nomenclature of all that is free and easy. 1846 Punch 11 11/1 The corps of Railway police was next put through its exercise. 1859 E. C. Gaskell in All Year Round Extra Christmas No. 13 Dec. 33/1 There's examins, and catechizes, and I dunno what all for him to be put through. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. viii. 258 My father had himself put me through the two first books of Livy. 1914 J. Joyce Dubliners i Sometimes he used to put me through the responses of the Mass,..and, as I pattered, he used to smile pensively and nod his head. 1979 J. Byno & D. Wright Mundagudda & Warwai 7 He went over to the Bogan, where the old people put him through the rules and made a young man out of him. 2004 S. Mehta Maximum City 39 His parents were there with Sunil's two-year-old daughter. He put her through her tricks, as parents and ringmasters do. (b) transitive. To cause (a person) to undergo or endure an ordeal, unpleasant experience, etc. See also to put (a person) through it at Phrases 8. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > affect or visit with adversity followOE waryc1200 hita1400 remord?c1400 visit1424 to lead (a person) the measures1594 conflict1609 to lead a person a life1715 overhit1816 put1841 to put (a person) through it1855 1841 Hagerstown (Maryland) Mall 3 Sept. Put me through the ‘fiery ordeal’, and it will be found, that..my morals, to say the least of them, will compare with his. 1889 Harper's Mag. July 223/1 I hope the attorney will not put me through a cross-examination. 1931 E. Ferber Amer. Beauty i. 11 You've got it down on those papers you fellows were always scribbling at when you put me through that third degree. 1978 M. Amis Success i. 16 Why do we let them put us through these ordeals? 1992 S. King Dolores Claiborne (1993) 192 I wanted to make him pay for all he'd put us through. 2001 Wasafiri Spring 65/2 All you blasted people put me through this shit every time I travel on this kiss-me-arse bus. (c) transitive. Originally U.S. To pay for the maintenance and fees of (a person) during a course of (esp. higher) education. Frequently reflexive. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > send to school > maintain at school to find to schoolc1225 put1870 1870 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Times 21 Apr. He brought out from Ireland considerable patriotism and a few material resources. With the latter he put himself through Dartmouth College. 1904 Marble Rock (Iowa) Jrnl. 7 July Some of the young men..expect to make enough to put themselves through school next year. 1943 Deb. House of Commons (Canada) 4 Feb. 161/2 Voluntary committees should be set up throughout Canada to pick out..boys and girls with a view to seeing that they are put through university. 1958 Yale French Stud. No. 22. 38 It demanded heavy sacrifices from a man of the working class to put his children through Normal School. 1967 Times 26 Jan. 6/4 Ex-Brigadier Samson..had come down to clearly distasteful means of making a living to put his son through university. 2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Aug. ii. 5/3 We were able to put our children through school without going into debt and buy a little lake house. ***** Senses in which a thing (usually non-material) is placed in a particular relation to a person or agent. 22.** transitive. With on, upon. See also Phrases 4, to put on —— at Phrasal verbs 2, and put-upon adj. a. In positive sense: to bestow (a blessing, etc.) upon a person or thing. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > give as a present or make a present of giveOE putc1330 skink1508 bestow1535 gift1619 donate1845 c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 994 (MED) Iseih..made an orysoun, And anon god putte his fuisoun Vp-on hire mele. 1718 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. Observ. 1280 We have Virtue put upon us by Surprize, and are pleas'd to find a thing where we should never have look'd to meet with it. 1904 W. V. Moody Fire-bringer ii. 51 I put her blessing on thee; and do thou Kiss me, and put her blessing upon me For this I do. b. To impose (a burden, obligation, hardship, punishment, etc.) upon a person; (also) to levy (a tax) on something. Formerly also with †to or †unto. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] > impose (a duty) on someone enchargec1374 puta1382 vouchc1535 society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > impose setc888 layOE to lay on11.. enjoin?c1225 join1303 adjoina1325 cark1330 taxa1375 puta1382 impose1581 aggravate1583 fasten1585 clap1609 levy1863 octroy1865 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 3 Kings xii. 4 Þi fadir most hard ȝok putte [a1425 L.V. puttide] to vs. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) Apoc. xxii. 18 If ony man shal put to to thes, God shal putte vpon him the plages writun in this book. 1428 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 10 Ye charge..yat is put vnto me. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxxxiv (MED) Þei putten grete penaunce vnto men. a1500 Rule Third Order St. Francis in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 55 That they resceyue mekely & affectually fulfylle soche pennaunces as is put vpon theme for ther offencis. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 81 He neuer put any tribute, impost, or taxe vpon his subiectes. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie vii. 39 When God hath..giuen vs the vpper hand of all assaultes that could be put vnto vs. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 4 Kings xviii. 14 The king of the Assyrians put a taxe vpon Ezechias the king of Iuda. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. v. 368 The necessitous Father may put the duty actually upon the Son. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 8 We were very sensible of the Obligation he had put upon us. 1792 T. Law Sketch Late Arrangem. Bengal 205 Financiers..have frequently put taxes upon luxuries. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxvi. 256 ‘I will never put any constraint upon her inclinations,’ said Mrs. Nickleby to herself. 1882 T. H. Sayre Our Minister iii. 3 Come, be a man. Don't try to back out, and put it all on me. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert xxiii. 309 Sonia realised the strain he had been putting upon himself to meet his trouble quietly and courageously. 1943 I. Frack S. Afr. Doctor 118 A badly advised Government decided to put a tax on patent medicines. 1995 Independent 23 Mar. 18/4 Overtaxed however by the demands put on him and with failing health he returned to England. c. To inflict (an indignity, insult, severe criticism, etc.) upon a person or thing. Formerly also with †to. Now rare. ΚΠ 1536 Prymer Salysbery Use (STC 15992) f. lxxxv Smytynge the..and many other greuous paynes puttynge to the. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 617 Will they..not..thinke that you put a scorne upon them. 1687 Bp. G. Burnet Def. Refl. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 21 A severe censure I had put on his works. 1707 J. Norris Pract. Treat. Humility v. 204 Putting indignities upon one another. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 332 The contempt which lyric poets put upon instrumental music. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words at Toad-under-a-Harrow A poor fellow, whose wife..takes care that all the world shall witness the indignities she puts upon him. 1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 121 One humiliation after another would be put on the unhappy king. 1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxxiii. 310 After all, what censure could be put upon her? d. To carry out or perpetrate (a trick, deception, joke, etc.) on a person. Now rare.to put a cheat on: see cheat n.¹ 4b. to put the change upon: see change n. Phrases 4b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > dispose of fraudulently put1603 to bob off1605 to put off1612 impose1650 palm1679 sham1681 cog1721 slur1749 pawn1763 to play off1768 to pass off1799 to work off1813 to stall off1819 to fob off1894 1603 N. Breton Merrie Dialogue 21 Being taken for a gamester, I had the tricke put vpon me. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. v. 60 If I put any trickes vpon em. View more context for this quotation 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. iii. 174 in Wks. II You ha' there now Some Bristo-stone, or Cornish counterfeit You'ld put vpon vs. 1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 115 They see such gross Deceptions put upon the World. 1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator I. 38 He had the Discretion, however, to maintain inviolably the Secret of the Trick he had put upon her. 1787 J. Hawkins Life Johnson 417 Roubiliac..minding to put a trick on him, pretended to be..charmed with his performance. 1828 C. Lamb Capt. Jackson in Elia 2nd Ser. 196 For a man to put the cheat upon himself. 1853 N. Hawthorne Tanglewood Tales (Chandos ed.) 252 C. suspected..that he was putting a joke upon him. 1886 R. Burton Arabian Nights iii And now I must..put a trick upon him and return him to his place. 1908 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 14 June A coterie of the practical jokers got busy and concocted a scheme to put a joke on one of their fellows. 2001 Re: Al Babin Question in rec.crafts.metalworking (Usenet newsgroup) 28 Oct. He tried to put a trick on me last year under one of his aliases. What a piece of whale dung! †e. To encumber or ‘saddle’ a person with (something unwelcome or unpleasant); to thrust or impose (an encumbrance or hindrance) upon a person. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 89 Ros. With his mouth full of newes. Cel. Which he will put on vs, as Pigeons feed their young. View more context for this quotation 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 173 Sinne had not had such force to put it selfe upon us. 1712 Proposals for printing Treat. Art of Political Lying 12 There wants nothing to be put upon the Publick but a false Author or a false Cause. 1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 28 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1979 She put herself upon him for a saint. 1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 418 Putting upon you gifts of no real value. f. To cast (a magic spell, etc.) or place (a curse, etc.) on a person or thing. ΚΠ a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Sea Voy. iv. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbbb3^v/2 Ye have read me a faire Lecture, And put a spell upon my tongue for fay[n]ing. 1724 tr. Tamerlano iii. iii. 73 This Man inchants me, puts a Charm upon me. 1754 Trial Elizabeth Canning 17/1 May be the Gipsy had put a Spell upon her. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. xviii. 204 It was safer not to take a horse, lest..she should put a spell upon him. 1894 Atlanta Constit. 29 Apr. 23/5 It is a book that puts a spell upon the reader that holds until the story is read to the end. 1909 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 39 447 Promises and oaths are ratified by each contracting party putting a curse on the other should he break his oath. 1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 97/1 Patients would sometimes complain that a ‘spell’ had been put on them. 2001 Sight & Sound Sept. 6/1 There's something about winning the Venice Golden Lion that seems to put a hex on film-makers. 23. a. (a) transitive. To present or address (a complaint, a claim, etc.) to a person or body; to propound (a question, supposition, etc.); to propose to or place before a person for consideration or answer. Also with double object.See also to put forth 2a at Phrasal verbs 1, to put forward 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.to put (the) case: see case n.¹ Phrases 5a. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > ask, enquire [verb (transitive)] > ask a question askOE puta1350 inquirea1400 speera1500 demand1502 pose1862 to put up1901 lob1952 the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration puta1350 purposea1382 propone1402 motion1505 exhibit1529 propound?1531 prefer1539 raise1566 to put forward1569 broach1579 start1579 offer1583 propose1614 first1628 to put it to a person1664 moot1685 suppose1771 pose1862 to put up1901 the mind > language > speech > conversation > addressing or speaking to > speak to or address [verb (transitive)] > address words to a person dressa1325 puta1350 shapec1400 directc1450 address1518 apply1565 a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 50 (MED) To Loue y putte pleyntes mo. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. pr. vi. 312 Herby is assoiled thilke thing that thou puttest [L. posuisti] a litel here-byforn. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 174 (MED) But I putte þis cas: þou art..sory in herte for þi synne. 1536 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 16 Whiche his grace will neyther by moche seke ne yet refuse if it be put unto him. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. viii. sig. S6 [He] beganne..to put interrogatories vnto him. 1600 Abp. G. Abbot Expos. Prophet Ionah 80 Because they could not tell who it was that had done the deede, they will put it to their Gods. 1625 B. Jonson Staple of Newes v. ii I have an entrapping question or two more, To put unto them. 1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 85 The Queen..put hard and weighty questions to him. 1703 in C. J. Hoadly Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1868) IV. 431 He was no wayes obliged to answer fully and truely to any questions that should..be put to him by way of cross-examination. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Anagram The question put by Pilate to Jesus Christ: Quid est veritas? 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 267 Whatever others assert who may have put the question. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby III. vii. vi. 249 I might put before your Ladyship some considerations which might induce you..to be of opinion that it will be better for us to draw together in this business. 1852 O. W. Wight tr. V. Cousin Course Hist. Mod. Philos. II. xxii. 343 You put him a question to which he cannot respond, for he does not understand it. 1888 G. Gissing Life's Morning II. ix. 73 He did not put to himself the plain alternative. 1903 H. James Ambassadors x. xxv. 331 Chad had put him a pair of questions that themselves smoothed the ground. 1950 Times 26 Jan. 4/7 The London Society of Compositors has put a claim to the Master Printers. 1995 K. Ishiguro Unconsoled vi. 67 The story he was referring to..was clearly unsuitable to put before his mother. 2005 Independent on Sunday 13 Feb. 21/3 Three more times, the journalist put the question. (b) transitive. to put it to a person: (with dependent clause; in later use chiefly with that) to present or submit (a question, statement, allegation, etc.) to a person for consideration or response. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration puta1350 purposea1382 propone1402 motion1505 exhibit1529 propound?1531 prefer1539 raise1566 to put forward1569 broach1579 start1579 offer1583 propose1614 first1628 to put it to a person1664 moot1685 suppose1771 pose1862 to put up1901 the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition > present (a petition) to put up1384 porrectc1425 to put it to a person1664 overturea1856 1664 J. Wilson Andronicus Comnenius iii. i. 36 Ply him there; And put it to him what he thinks. 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. vi. 33 My aunt Hervey has put it to my mamma, whether it were not best to prevail upon my brother. 1793 Times 26 Dec. 3/4 I put it to you, whether you twelve are ready to go that length on the custom of merchants. 1820 in T. B. Howell State Trials (1826) XXXIII. 1080/2 He put it to you that he did not state what he expected to prove, but what he knew he should be able to prove. 1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 35 B—— put it to me if I should like to see Spenser as well as Chaucer. 1871 J. W. De Forest Overland xlii. 207 Sometimes she felt it her duty to put it to Thurstane that he owed eveything to his wife. 1908 G. B. Shaw Lett. to Granville Barker (1956) 120 He will probably put it to you whether, as a gentleman, you can ask for a salary when you have been doing nothing but razzling in America. 1988 D. Rowe Successful Self v. 140 I put it to them that Judith did not mind being angry but did not like being frightened. 2002 Empire Dec. 79/3 Jason Isaacs, I put it to you that you are a big girl's blouse. b. transitive. To submit (a point for decision) to a vote or formal deliberative process; to present or commit to an assembly, electorate, etc., so that a formal decision may be made; to make a formal proposal of. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > put to the vote vote1577 to put to voices1578 put1599 to put (something) to the vote1599 1478 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 60/2 That the executioune of oure souuerain lordis lettres was nocht put to thaim in sic wis as [etc.]. 1478–9 in Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1839) I. 21/1 Dauid..consentit to put it to the said assise. 1599 in Hist. Soc. Writers to Signet (1890) 234 It being put to vote,..the maist part voteit to the said incorporatioun. 1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 57 The question was putt whether the Ballott should be used in all cases? 1689 T. Rymer View Govt. Europe 14 The Counsel..put it to the Vote who shall be their General. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 386 The previous question being then put, whether the main question should be then put, or not. a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 13 On the question being put, it was carried without a division. 1829 Times 17 Aug. 1/6 The Mayor, contrary to all precedents,..refused to put the motion to the meeting. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Oct. 2/1 Mr. Parnell repeated..—‘You attempted to put the resolution and usurp my authority as chairman.’ 1939 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 12 Dec. 1/3 The change was voted following a discussion in which several of the members of the board participated before it was put to the ballot. 1968 H. M. Taylor & A. G. Mears Right Way to conduct Meetings (ed. 7) xiv. 94 No major matter should ever be put to the vote under ‘Any other Business’. 2003 J. E. Glixon Honoring God & City v. 110 They found it necessary to fire their singers for reasons eloquently expressed in a motion put to the chapter. c. intransitive. Cards. In the game of put (see put n.²): to challenge another player to see one's cards rather than play out the hand. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [verb (intransitive)] > actions in specific games > in put puta1672 a1672 F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 158 If one bee neere up & the other puts, that is none towards the game... If hee that is allmost up puts, it is better to see him then to give him one, for beeing hee is likely to win however one need not feare putting it to the hazard. But it is best for him that has allmost got the set never to put, & for him that has none to put. 1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester xvi. 131 The eldest [hand] if he hath a good Game, and thinks it better than his Adversaries, puts to him, if the other will not or dare not see him, he then wins one, but if he will see him they play it out. 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) xv. 96 Who would not put at such Cards? 2000 D. Parlett Penguin Encycl. Card Games 130 If one player 'puts', then the other two must jointly decide whether to concede or go for broke. 24. a. transitive. To lay (blame) on or upon (formerly †in) a person or thing. ΚΠ a1350 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 29 Ȝe suld haue schame On me to put swilk wrangwys blame. ?1451–2 Richard, Duke of York in J. Stow Chrons. of Eng. (1580) 667 Henrie Norres..sayde vnto me..that I shoulde in no wise haue landing,..puttyng the blame vppon William Saye Usher of your Chamber. c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 297 (MED) Cristen men shulden be war to putte falsliche blame on freris. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Vertere uitio, to put the blame in one. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiv. 617/2 King Henry..defends his cause by letters, and strongly puts the blame vpon the accusers. 1691 ‘N. N.’ Blatant Beast Muzzled 103 I should not impeach his Credit, nor reproach him for forging, but put the blame upon his bad Memory. 1705 A. Brown 2nd Ess. concerning Land Mint Introd. sig. A2 When a Collective Body sitts at the helm of a Nation, it seems not so easy on whom to put the blame, or lay the guilt of the miscarriage of things. 1775 J. Fea Present State Orkney Islands 27 For this, as we cannot put the blame upon nature, we must necessarily blame ourselves. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xli. 96 Don't put all the blame on me, and say I should have been locked up. 1960 Analog Sci. Fact & Fiction Oct. 151/1 We had to have a patsy—some one to put the blame on. 1993 Sun Mag. (Baltimore) 15 Aug. 11 Don't put the blame on the rave, they say; it's just as likely that the drug use is going on at school. b. transitive. To blame (something) on or upon a person, esp. an innocent person; to lay (a crime, fault, etc.) to a person's charge; †to charge against, impute to (obsolete).Formerly also with that-clause as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > accuse of or charge with tee871 upbraidc1000 acoupc1300 retc1300 becalla1325 charge138. impeachc1380 putc1380 blamea1400 appeach1430 gredea1450 articlea1460 filea1500 slander1504 to lay to one's charge1535 aggravate1541 to charge (a person) with1559 reproach1570 attaint1586 impute1596 censure1634 arraign1672 saddle1794 inculpate1799 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (transitive)] > throw blame on witec893 putc1380 pina1627 load1662 to lay (or cast) the loada1715 scapegoat1943 c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 455 For as muche as we doon a reuerence To Crist..Ye putte on vs a cryme and eek a blame. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 15 Cristene men schulde nouȝt be dampned wiþ oute trespas i-put aȝenst hem and i-preved. c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 42 (MED) Þe Iewes..put appone Hym þat He had saide blasefeme. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 68 Tharfore suld men be wele avisit, or thai put crime till a man. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vi. xxiv. 272/2 He wolde not be aknowen of his synne, but put his synne on god, and excused hym by Eue. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 89 (MED) He dide me gret harme & puttid þinges up on me þat I neuere þouȝte. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/2 You put upon me that I have hurte hym. 1564 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. i. 446 This fact and accusatioune aucht nocht to be put to the pannal as ane cryme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 70 What cannot you and I performe vpon Th' vnguarded Duncan? What not put vpon His spungie Officers? View more context for this quotation 1639 T. May Julia Agrippina v. i. 93 What plot shall wee invent to hide the deede, And put th'intent of murder upon her? 1702 R. Steele Funeral v. 73 I'll Try you for his Murder; which I find you'd put on me, thou Hellish Engine! 1845 J. F. Cooper Chainbearer II. xiv. 209 We must not put all these crimes and vices on our neighbours. 1883 Times 30 Nov. 12/1 He was afraid that Sir James Ingham must come to the conclusion..that there was an intention to put the crime upon some innocent person. 1904 S. J. Weyman Abbess of Vlaye iv Because it [sc. the mishap] was within a league of his castle, you put it on him? 1936 M. Bowen W. Hogarth 245 When Sarah Malcolm was examined,..she tried to put the murder on three of her acquaintances. 2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 5 July a1 I ain't trying to put the crime on no one else, for real. It was my fault, what I did. ****** Senses in which the notion of physical motion is purely metaphorical. 25.** a. transitive. To express (something) in spoken or written words; to turn into speech or writing, or a specified form of speech or writing. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > put or string words together put?c1335 string1605 ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 156 (MED) Sleiȝ he was and ful of witte Þat þis lore put in writte. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 213 (MED) Willielmus Malmesburiensis putteþ hem in his book of kynges. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. l. 186 Which thyng..for as moche as folk that been to comen aftir our dayes schullen knowen it, I have put it in scripture. c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess 54 In this bok were written fables That clerkes had in olde tyme, And other poets, put in rime. 1542 N. Vyllagon Lamentable & Piteous Treat. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 232 Put in wryting the ordre and estate of my voyage. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. x. 18 What soeuer wittie and delicate conceit of man meet or worthy to be put in written verse. 1669 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1976) IX. 447 I do purpose to put it in writing that shall make the Treasurers ashamed. 1714 W. Newton Princ. Low-church-men 60 When the Psalms were first put in Verse they were much used in Churches and Houses by all that lov'd the Reformation. 1779 Mirror No. 7 (1781) 1 45 I have at last ventured to put myself into print in the Mirror. 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 48 It is not sufficient that it be put into writing after his death. 1878 H. S. Leigh Town Garland 205 They're all of them eager For sentimentalities put into rhyme. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out iv. 60 One enormous question, which she did not in the least know how to put into words. 1973 H. Brodkey in Amer. Rev. Feb. 23 I didn't put it in words but thought in great misty blocks of something known or sensed. 2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 Feb. vi. 1/2 After you have this conversation with your boss, put the information in writing and carbon copy it to human resources. b. transitive. To translate or render (speech or writing) in or into another language. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)] setc888 wendeOE turnc1175 writec1275 drawa1325 translatea1375 expound1377 takea1382 interpret1382 transpose1390 remue?a1400 renderc1400 put?a1425 to draw outa1450 reducec1450 compile1483 redige?1517 make1529 traducea1533 traduct1534 converta1538 do1561 to set out1597 transcribe1639 throw1652 metaphrase1868 versionize1874 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 4 (MED) I haue put this boke out of latyn into frensch and translated it aȝen out of frensch in to Englyssch. a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 1^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Put I haif translatit [this book],..puttand all in Yngligis [sic] that Lating reportis. 1655 (title) The Lusiad..written in the Portingall language by Luis De Camoens..put into English by Richard Fanshawe. 1688 A. Behn To Poet Bavius 10 We are content thou shouldst in Scoundrel Verse, Put into French the Famous Hudebras. 1735 J. Andrews Answer to Late Pamphlet, entitled Exam. Scheme Church Power 104 Prayers for Processions and Litanies were put into English, and published. 1791 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. II. 230 Only three of them [sc. letters] were put into Latin by Buchanan, and the rest were in Scots. 1833 Fraser's Mag. 7 602 Whose Germanical jabber Master Ben..put into English. 1893 H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey I. i. 32 ‘I never knew’, Keble once said, ‘how Pindar might be put into English until I heard Pusey construe him in his examination.’ 1907 W. B. Guthrie Socialism before French Revol. ii. 57 ‘Utopia’ was put into Italian in 1548, appearing in Venice. 1950 K. Vonnegut Bagombo Snuff Box (1999) 27 If you want something fancier, maybe we could put it into Greek. 1991 Classical Q. New Ser. 41 517 Such an answer would not have been easy to put into Latin. c. transitive. To express or state in a particular way. Chiefly with adverb or adverbial phrase.to put it mildly: see mildly adv. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > express in a specific style [verb (transitive)] > express in particular terms layc1330 setc1460 couch1529 terma1535 phrase1556 put1571 shape1589 word1602 1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lix. 17) i. f. 228 Hee elegantly putteth the doubtfull speeche in a diverse mening. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 481 Was ever any Declamator's Theme so extravagantly put? 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. ix. 175 This natural Notion of Equity the Son of Sirach has put in the strongest way. 1795 M. Edgeworth Ess. Self-justification 31 in Lett. for Lit. Ladies Interrogatories artfully put may lead an unsuspicious reasoner, you know, always to your own conclusion. 1836 F. Marryat Japhet III. xix. 218 This new feature of the case, so aptly put by the old lawyer. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. xvii. 357 Most of whom would not scruple—as Mr. Brown strongly put it—to steal a copper out of a blind beggar's hat. 1867 Good Words 8 597/2 The French have such a brilliant, graceful, and ingenious way of ‘putting things’. 1870 H. Labouchere in Daily News 30 Dec. 6/1 To make frequent ‘pacts with death’,..to pillage houses and—to put it poetically—toy with Amaryllis in the trench, or with the tangles of Nereas' hair. 1889 ‘F. Pigot’ Strangest Journey 301 He heard a good story well put. 1927 Harper's Mag. Oct. 574/1 Our taste, to put it brutally, is the taste of parvenus. 1940 N. Tranter Harsh Heritage ii. 32 I resent your way of putting things, Millicent. 1952 E. Partridge From Sanskrit to Brazil 94 These charges of anachronism are, to put it courteously, sheer ‘hooey’. 1957 J. Braine Room at Top (1960) 73 I've always felt like that myself, only I can't put it as well as you. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 7 Sept. iv. 1/2 Part of the ‘new normalcy’, as Tom Ridge, the homeland security secretary, put it in a speech last week. d. transitive. To set down in writing, to write. Cf. to put down 5a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing adighteOE to set on writea900 dightc1000 writeOE brevea1225 layc1330 indite1340 take1418 annote1449 printa1450 scribe1465 redact?a1475 reduce1485 letter1504 recite1523 to commit to writing (also paper)1529 pen1530 reduce?1533 token up1535 scripture1540 titulea1550 to set down1562 quote1573 to put down1574 paper1594 to write down1594 apprehend1611 fix1630 exarate1656 depose1668 put1910 1910 Washington Post 11 Dec. 5 The printer man forgot to put a place to put your name, address, age, and school. 1943 P. Larkin Let. 13 Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 85 From all accounts the physical conditions resemble a minor Passchendaele. You just put ‘UKFA’—what ders that mean? 1978 P. Grace Mutuwhenua xviii. 130 This is a very long letter but I've still got more to put. 1997 Toronto Star (Nexis) 26 July j1 Should I put my phone number? 2002 Evening Standard (Nexis) 18 Sept. 30 I put the mom's name, the boys in the car, and, at the bottom, the child's name, address, and the mom's cellphone number. I printed it out and distributed it. †26. transitive. To convert or change into something else. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] wendOE forshapeOE workOE awendOE makec1175 turna1200 forwenda1325 change1340 shape1362 transmewc1374 transposec1380 puta1382 convertc1384 exchangea1400 remue?a1400 makea1425 reduce?a1425 removec1425 resolvea1450 transvertc1450 overchangec1480 mew1512 transmutea1513 wring1524 reduct1548 transform1556 innovate1561 metamorphose1576 transume1579 metamorphize1587 transmove1590 transchangea1599 transfashion1601 deflect1613 fordo1624 entail1628 transmutate1632 distila1637 to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637 transqualify1652 unconvert1654 simulate1658 spend1668 transverse1687 hocus-pocus1774 mutate1796 fancy1801 to change around1871 metamorphosize1888 catalyse1944 morph1996 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. v. 20 Wo þat seyn euel good & good euel, puttinge derknessis liȝt & liȝt derknesses, puttinge bitter in to sweet & sweet in to bitter. c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 19 (MED) The lyvery for horses..now is lefte and put into silver to increse theyre wages. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 181 All the cite..þai set vppon fyre..Grete palis of prise put into askys. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 628 If a man would change any part of his Horses haire, as..take away the black haires and put them into white. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. iii. 70 We..put our small Fortune [invested in effects]..into Money. View more context for this quotation 27. transitive. To establish, impose, or bring about (a state, condition, relation, or alteration) in, on, or to a thing, action, or circumstance, or between two people or things. †to put order to: to take steps towards bringing about; cf. to take (an) order at order n. 18 (obsolete).to put an end to, period to, stop to, stopper on, veto on, etc.: see the nouns. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring about a state or condition in, on, or to puta1382 inwork1855 the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to be or become seta1000 workOE makeOE puta1382 turna1393 yieldc1430 breedc1460 rendera1522 devolve1533 cause1576 infer1667 the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > do about or with > take action on or about to put order to1556 action1960 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iii. 15 Enmyte I schall putte [a1425 L.V. sette; L. ponam] by twix þe & þe womman. ?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 9 (MED) Lord, what profite were it to wynne þis world & putt peirement to þis soule? 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. lvj^v/2 After that he had put and sette good estate..in spayne. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xv. 9 And he putt no difference betwene them and vs. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. L6 He ordonnede, soddainely that..one put ordre to the deathe of his doughter. 1592 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1597) c. 114 To put ordour to all maters and causes Ecclesiasticall. 1601 R. Johnson in tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat sig. A2^v I put a period to these lines. 1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 51 The Syrian Leper..vainly fant'sied, that Gods appointment could not put a difference between things that knew no other. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 12 Put a Quick end to this Treaty. 1760 Impostors Detected I. i. iii. 14 [This] put a sudden damp to their zeal. 1807 ‘P. Plymley’ Two Lett. on Catholics i. 13 Infamous and damnable laws..which have been put an end to by him. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 213 To solicit the Lords to put some check on the violence of the Commons. 1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein (1879) II. viii. ii. 346 The object..was simply to put discord between Prussia and Russia, and so overcome each in succession. 1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 193/2 And then he saw that gallant lady..put a quietus to her husband. 1975 Amer. Hist. Rev. 80 1312/2 Increasing neglect and mismanagement of Irish affairs put a limit to the expansion of Anglo-Ireland. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Jan. d5/4 Postconcussion syndrome put a premature end to the career of another Jets wide receiver..late in the 1992 season. 28. a. transitive. With adjectival or adverbial complement: to regard or assess as having the place or rank (in a scale of magnitude, set of categories, etc.) that is expressed by the complement; to estimate or suppose as having the specified value, price, etc.; to value, rate. Formerly also with noun complement: †to regard as or suppose to be what is specified (obsolete). †to put at no reverence: to hold in no esteem, set at nought (obsolete). †to put before (to): to rank above in estimation, importance, or precedence (obsolete). See also to put behind. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > according to rule or standard meteeOE examine1340 puta1382 measurec1384 scan?c1550 cantle1603 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to > establish priorities > give priority to to put before (to)a1382 prioritize1954 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] > give precedence to to put before (to)a1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxix. 30 He..putte befor [L. praetulit] to þe raþer þe loue of here þat come after. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 363 (MED) Men gon not bi resoun ne bi Goddis lawe..but putte þe pope here heierste juge, as ȝif he were god in erþe. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. viii. 27 How brotel possessioun thei coveyten that putten the goodes of the body aboven hir owene resoun. c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 134 (MED) Þe bodyes and þe Reliqes of iij holy kyngis were put at [v.r. had in] no reuerence, but vtterlich set at nouȝt. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 41 (MED) The divine iustice..punyschithe the iuste and trwe men with the synners and puttith thinnocentis and wikkid people as all one. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 4874 I put not vnpossible ȝon place for to take. a1573 W. Lauder Minor Poems (1870) 35 The Hypocreitis, before God puts thair kings. 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements v. 103 If A be put equall to C, then C.B::A. B::C.D. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 10 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors They put the Caspian Sea too high, and consequently allow Persia a greater breadth from North to South, than it really hath. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Penny At Hambourg, Nuremberg, &c. the Penin of Account, is put equal to the French Penny Tournois. 1789 J. Adam Pract. Ess. Agric. I. vi. 492 The price of keeping the stock is surely not put too high. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art Add. 248 There are three weighty matters of the law—justice, mercy, and truth; and of these the Teacher puts truth last... But men put, in all their efforts, truth first. 1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 9 Whether you think I am putting the motives of popular action too low. 1905 in R. Morris Railroad Admin. (1910) vii. 154 In point of fact, the initial figure was put too high, and the increase fell far below the original expectations. 1939 Fortune Oct. 96/1 The consumer-conscious retailer puts radio first, and, unblushingly makes retailing second in deserving public esteem. 1964 Discovery Oct. 7/3 An FAO hydrogeologist..has put the importance of groundwater very high. 2004 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 8 Apr. a10/6 We are going to put agriculture first..we are going to give agriculture its pride of place in terms of priority on the economic models. b. transitive. To estimate at a specified magnitude, value, etc. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > be valued at [verb (transitive)] > set value on praisea1325 extendc1330 appraise1424 value1434 value1439 setc1460 valure1487 appreciate1512 rate1555 estimate1611 put1755 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 197 For Labour and Wood..which has not been valued, but put at least at 25 Rixdollars. 1803 W. Pitt in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 17 He puts the income tax at 4,500,000l. 1890 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Jan. 79 A circulation which a competent authority puts at three millions. 1957 F. Hoyle Black Cloud (1960) 134 By the way, what would you put the outer radius at? 1968 N.Y. Times 11 Aug. i. 3 They put their own losses at three killed and a dozen wounded. 2004 Independent 19 July (Review section) 2/2 Rich-lists put his wealth at between £600m and £700m. 29. a. transitive. To set or place (a meaning, price, etc.) on, upon, or †in a person or thing; to attribute or assign (a quality, value, etc.) to.to put a name to: see name n. and adj. Phrases 14. not to put it past a person: see past prep. 3d. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > inhere in or be an attribute of [verb (transitive)] > attribute or ascribe as an attribute puta1382 applya1393 suppose?a1425 ascribec1475 attach?1531 attribute1533 adscribe1534 assign?1541 allude1561 repose1561 predicate1614 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Tob. i. 9 He tooc a wijf..& he gat of hire a sone, his owne name puttynge to hym. 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 106 Thou puttist defaut to prestes. ?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 3 It is a fendis pride a synful creature to putte defautte in þe ordynaunce of crist. ?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. B.vi For physyk puttyth this reason therto. 1530 E. Crome in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. x. 20 I doo nott putt fawte in no man. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 338 Our Sauiour reproueth the Pharisees for washing of their hands..because they put holinesse therein. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 25 Nov. (1976) IX. 375 I do see that he doth continue to put a value upon my advice. a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1710) II. 155 Putting the best construction upon all men's words and actions. 1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments vi. §ii. i. 418 What ends are fit to be pursued, and what degree of relative value we ought to put upon each. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ix. 218 Put not a price on my deliverance..sell not a deed of generosity. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xvii. §2. 31 This too we need not doubt, at least in the sense which the great Survey enables us to put upon it. 1928 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 42 373 [Futures markets] tend to put a price on the futures that is below a proper parity with spot grain. 1957 I. M. L. Hunter Memory iv. 86 The same drama may be played out before two spectators each of whom will, as is popularly and so rightly said, put his own construction on it. 1991 Observer 3 Feb. 20/4 The government was prepared unilaterally to put interpretations to those agreements which were in conflict with the spirit and the letter of those agreements. 2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) x. 328 In the case of Rwanda's collapse we can put faces and motives on the unpleasant solution. b. transitive. To regard or represent (something) as based upon or arising from a particular source; to base or found (an idea, action, etc.) on or upon something specified. Now rare (chiefly Law in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)] titleOE aretc1340 witena1375 witnea1375 reta1382 depute1382 wite1382 seta1387 layc1425 expoundc1430 imputec1480 attribue1481 assign1489 reckon1526 attribute1530 count1535 allot?1556 draw1578 object1613 prefer1628 entitle1629 implya1641 to score (something) on1645 intitule1651 put1722 to put down1723 charge1737 own1740 place1802 to set down1822 affiliate1823 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 222 I reflect upon no Man for putting the Reason of those Things upon the immediate Hand of God. 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xii. 229 The Scripture..has..put the Principle of Virtue upon the Love of our Neighbour. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 572 It is said generally, and is not put upon any custom. 1864 J. H. Newman Apologia iv. 118 I would have no dealings with my brother, and I put my conduct upon a syllogism. 1884 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 12 282 I wish to put my judgment on the plain and broad ground already stated. 1963 Virginia Law Rev. 49 755 In pronouncing that a universitas or collegium could not be excommunicated, he put his decision on the ground that a corporation was a person only by a fiction. 30. a. transitive. To place with or in by way of addition; to add in (also into, to, †unto, †upon) something. Cf. to put in 5 at Phrasal verbs 1, to put to 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 73 Þe Romayns..bygynne here ȝere from þe monþe of Marche..to þis Pompilius his tyme; but he putte [?a1475 anonymous translation addede] Ianeuer and Feuerrer to þe bygynnynge of þe ȝere. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 99 After 2 or 3 dayes put to þis emplastre..chosen mirre. a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 32 Take halfe a dosyn Chykonys..þen putte þer-to a gode gobet of freysshe Beef. a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 2153 ‘Suscipe me, domine’... Sal þai ilkon reherce thrise, With ‘gloria patri’ put þerto. a1456 tr. Secreta Secret. (Marmaduke, Ashm. 59) (1977) 223 (MED) Late him..forsake his owen propre appetytes and never putte mete vppon mete withe full stomake. 1526 Grete Herball cclxxx. sig. Qi^v/2 Whan it is well soden put therto powdres of spyces. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xviii. 6 There maye nothinge be taken from them, nothinge maye be put vnto them. 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. 4 The invention of a thing..is very hard and rare: yet easie is it for a man to eeke and put somewhat thereto. 1682 Art & Myst. of Vintners 3 Put thereto a gallon of Milk. 1710 W. Salmon Family Dict. (ed. 5) 152 When half-stew'd in White-wine, with a little Salt, put to them some Horse-Radish. 1752 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifery (new ed.) 95 Take twelve eggs, beat them well, put to them a pint of cream. a1849 E. Elliott More Verse & Prose (1850) I. 21 Said Death to Pol Sly, ‘Put no rum in thy tea.’ 1891 Good Words Aug. 532/2 They put water to their wine. 1919 Vinegar Hand Bk. (Hydraulic Press Manuf. Co.) 57 Never, under any consideration, put either ‘mother’ or old vinegar into sweet cider. 1951 L. Craig Singing Hills iv. 31 Every one had coffee... When I tasted mine I thought, for a moment, that poison had been put in it. 1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 209 The whole family put a little to it. Most of it come from the selfsame money he send. b. To substitute (something) for something else in fact, thought, or expression; to set actually or conceptually in the place of something. (a) transitive. With instead of. Also in its (his, etc.) stead. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)] changec1225 shifta1325 puta1400 underputc1400 put1483 put1535 subrogate1548 substitute1548 surrogate1586 counterchange1604 supplya1618 suffect1620 commute1667 succeed1667 to be in (another person's) shoes1842 sub1919 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 338 (MED) Summen in stide of cepum þei putten buttir. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 119 (MED) So doiþ vnguentum Nutritum if þou take awey þe vinegre & putte whit wiyn in his stide. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1259 A Trochæus was put in stead of a Pæon. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 320 To put Nominatives instead of Oblique Cases. 1763 W. Emerson Method of Increments 23 To expunge any redundant factor, put in its stead any other factor which is equivalent to it. 1816 tr. S. F. Lacroix Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus 148 This developement has been obtained by first putting x + h instead of x. 1901 M. Franklin My Brilliant Career xxviii. 234 A cup was broken, and another..was put in its stead. 1918 Times 30 Nov. 6/3 It is fear that stops a people,..and what I want to put instead of fear is faith. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 44 97 Galileo and others appreciated that it was necessary to reject Aristotelianism and put in its stead a mechanistic, mathematical or atomistic view of nature. (b) transitive. With for. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)] changec1225 shifta1325 puta1400 underputc1400 put1483 put1535 subrogate1548 substitute1548 surrogate1586 counterchange1604 supplya1618 suffect1620 commute1667 succeed1667 to be in (another person's) shoes1842 sub1919 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 To Putte a thinge for a noder, reciprocare. 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cvi^v Antonomasia, is, whych for y^e proper name putteth some other word. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. v. 20 Which put darknes for light, and light for darkenesse. 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxiii. 300 The triduan rest of Christ in the graue, must be vnderstood by the figure synecdoche, a part put for the whole. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §47. 83 Figuratively..a speciall put for the generall, it signifieth the pestilence. 1715 tr. G. Panciroli Hist. Memorable Things Lost I. 2 In Pliny, Purple is often put for the Chief Magistrate. 1811 A. McLean Comm. Heb. vi. (1847) 245 The apostle continues the metonymical use of the word hope, by which it is put for the object or ground of it. 1936 D. B. Macdonald Hebrew Philos. Genius iii. 44 The voice of the Memrá is heard and the Memrá is put for the ‘hand’ of Jehovah. 1957 Amer. Math. Monthly 64 160 From AIV, D_y log y = 1/D_xe^x = 1/e^x = 1/y. The theorem follows by putting x for y. (c) transitive. With in (the) place of. See also to put oneself in another person's place at Phrases 6. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > substitute [verb (transitive)] changec1225 shifta1325 puta1400 underputc1400 put1483 put1535 subrogate1548 substitute1548 surrogate1586 counterchange1604 supplya1618 suffect1620 commute1667 succeed1667 to be in (another person's) shoes1842 sub1919 1535 J. Mason in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 59 The ignorant preist..wolde not suffer the name of Satanas in the Masbook, butt strake itt owte and putt God in the place of itt. 1653 Z. Coke Art of Logick 131 Let a compound or Hypothetical, never be put in the place of a conclusion, but only a simple or Categorical. 1659 Sir A. A. Cooper in T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 284 It is clearly a putting others in their place, and is setting up a thing that is quite contrary. 1725 E. Haywood Brit. Recluse in Secret Hist. (ed. 2) II. 108 She still retain'd too great a Tenderness for her absent Lover, to entertain the least Thought of putting any other in his Place. 1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son iii. 43 If the truth is not to be spoken, 'tis mighty proper to agree what we shall put in the place of it. 1868 Q. Rev. Jan. 59 Auricular confession put in place of the old exomologesis. 1954 P. Frankau Wreath for Enemy iii. ii. 163 You don't, at my age escape from an obsession unless you find another to put in its place. 2001 PMLA 116 1406/2 A plan to eliminate literature [from the curriculum] almost entirely, putting in its place media studies. 31. a. transitive. To apply (an ability, asset, resource, etc.) to (†into, †unto) a use, purpose, or object, or (formerly) in order †to do something. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use for specific purpose bestowc1315 lay1340 putc1390 apply1395 usea1398 applicate?a1425 deputec1425 explay1552 employ1553 consecrate1555 implya1625 sacrate1653 consign1700 devote1703 to give up1885 c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) 527 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 598 Ȝif þou be mon of bodi strong..Puyt þi strengþe in-to prou. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 3 (MED) The comoun peple, þat wolde putte here bodyes & here catell for to conquere oure heritage..may not don it withouten the lordes. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 288 Who-so is reised in a gretter state than longithe to him, puttith grete labour [a1460 anon. tr. dothe grete peyne] to haue the wordis of envious men. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 62^v (MED) By good discresioun þou putte al þi bisynes first to þat cause þat þou seest moost nede in þe wounde. a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1926) I. 8 Puttand all laubour and deligence to his..seruice. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 263 They put all their goodes vnto the Englishmens pleasures. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xv. sig. D2^v No man puts his Braine to more vse then hee. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 37 O glorious strength Put to the labour of a Beast. View more context for this quotation 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iv. 34 The great difference..in the Notion of Mankind, is, from the different use they put their Faculties to. 1766 C. Shaw Race (ed. 2) 23 Puts it to purposes—unfit to name. 1840 F. M. Trollope Michael Armstrong xxi. 229 It should never check our efforts to put to profit the means of happiness he has granted to us here. 1883 Times 6 July 7/2 It would be easy to put money to wrong purposes. 1928 Bulletin (Sydney) 1 Feb. 25/1 The dead marine is put to all sorts of uses out back. 1950 C. S. Belshaw Island Admin. in S.W. Pacific xii. 122 In one or two cases Councils unofficially..levied their own funds, which were to be put to such purposes as paying school-teachers. 1992 Metro (San Jose, Calif.) 7 May 30/3 Bellowing like lions or cooing like feral doves, the Edlos put the human voice to unnatural uses. b. transitive. To cause (a piece of land) to be given over to a particular crop. Also with into, under. ΚΠ 1795 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Aug. in Papers (2000) XXVIII. 435 The experiment is decisively against the common opinion that it is better to put weak land into rye than wheat. 1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 524 I put the ground..under early potatoes. 1861 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 22 ii. 294 The oat-stubbles being put to winter vetches. 1896 N. Amer. Rev. 163 715 Put the land into kafir corn. 1976 P. Driscoll Barboza Credentials ii. iv. 82 He bought ten hectares of rich, silt-laden land..and put them under sugar-cane. 1993 TLC for Plants Spring 17/3 Many tobacco farmers have opted to put at least part of their land into ginseng. c. transitive. With into. To invest (effort, work, or energy) in a particular endeavour; to expend in the performance or completion of a specified task. ΚΠ 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cxxxiv. 618 His ivory leg had been snapped off... ‘The ferrule has not stood, sir,’ said the carpenter, now coming up; ‘I put good work into that leg.’ 1872 Ladies' Repository Nov. 336/1 Only what we..put our best effort into, is helped to a successful issue. 1902 R. H. Barbour Behind Line 234 Now go ahead, get together, put all you've got into it. 1934 T. G. Joslin Hoover Off Rec. v. 56 Hoover took and gave with the others, putting everything he had into the game. 1965 Sun 8 June 7/7 They have to put a lot of work into bikes. 2002 S. Perera Do Right Thing 10 I put everything into my job. I don't have the energy to map my future. 32. transitive. To place or repose (trust, faith, confidence, etc.) in a person or thing. Formerly also with †to. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > put trust in setc825 besetc1175 laya1307 putc1400 repose1538 pin1583 c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 65 (MED) Children..schullen tellen here children þat þei putten þer hope in God. c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 100 (MED) That pouertie that God has sent you..may aftre yelde you rytches and worshipp double folde if ye putt holle your trust to hym. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 25 (MED) Late not this gret and importune losses..by infortune and of over grete favoure and trust put to youre adversaries, fallen ayenst this lande. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 121/1 Those nygromancers..that put theyr confydence in the roundell and cercle on the grounde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cxlv[i.] 3 Put not youre trust in prynces. 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love Praeludium sig. A4 Tis a signe Sir, you put not that Confidence in your good Clothes, and your better Face, that a Gentleman should do. 1672 in W. Fraser Memorials Family Wemyss (1888) III. 116 As you puit your trust in God Almighty's mercys. 1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. vi. xxii. 300 A Warning..to put the greatest Confidence in your self, and not rely too much upon another. 1767 ‘A. Barton’ Disappointment i. ii. 53 I put too much confidence in dose I tought my friends, and dey deceib'd me. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. iii. 67 Of course I put implicit confidence in you. 1889 G. Gissing Nether World III. v. 94 He put no faith in Sidney's assertion. 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 341/1 Persons subjected to the trials would often put more confidence in charms, magic formulas, and ointments than in the intervention of Providence. 1958 B. L. Montgomery Mem. (1961) 205 The administrative staff..neither had the knowledge themselves, nor the courage and good sense to put their trust in the information they received. 2004 Daily Tel. 24 Dec. 1/2 Some patients put a lot of faith into diamorphine because the pain is well controlled. 33. a. To apply or commit (money) to some end, and related uses. (a) transitive. With in or into. To invest (money, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest improve1461 occupy1465 to put out1572 vie1598 put1604 stock1683 sink1699 place1700 vest1719 fund1778 embark1832 to put forth1896 1604 T. Moffett Will in Moffett & Bennet's Health's Improvem. (1746) p. xxvii I give thirtie Shillings, to be put into a Ringe. 1688 G. Burnett Three Lett. conc. Present State Italy iii. 158 This was a great encouragment to draw in men, to put Money into the stock. 1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 31 He put what was left, together with my little Stock, into that unfortunate Bottom. 1793 C. Smith Old Manor House IV. vi. 130 He at length determined..if that could be done, to put the money it would produce into some business. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. v. xliv. 143 Arthur would put some money into the concern, and buy the old man out in another year or two. 1896 Sunday Herald (Syracuse, N.Y.) 29 Mar. 16/4 Any one can put money in bricks and mortar. I would rather give to brains. 1945 Fortune Mar. 229/1 Putting their money into high-grade bonds or blue chips would have provided only a meager income. 1999 D. T. Dingle Black Enterprise Titans of B.E. 100s i. 23 Johnson had been unable to convince potential investors and partners..to put money in any of his ventures. (b) transitive. With toward, towards. To contribute or pay (money, etc.); to use as part payment. ΚΠ 1881 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 25 Oct. There will be a railroad tax of nearly $26,000. This is quite an item and ought to be put toward a new court house. 1898 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 17 Mar. 1/3 Whenever my mother used to get any money ahead by working here, she used to put it toward paying for the house. 1932 Times 17 June 15/4 The young couple could put the money towards things that they would really like to have. 1990 InterCity Mag. Sept. 11/1 The Frequent Traveller scheme, which offers points on rail travel which can be put towards a series of rewards. 2001 Wired Apr. 216/3 Put the extra cash toward starting a healthy SACD collection. b. transitive. To stake or risk on or upon something. Formerly also with †at, †to. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > chance or risk [verb (transitive)] > venture upon or take the chances of adventurea1387 set1597 put1612 to risk it1758 1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke sig. B Deale Merchant-like, put it vpon one maine, And throw at all. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 121 Would I had put my Estate, and my Neighbors on th' approbation of what I haue spoke. View more context for this quotation a1626 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain in Certain Misc. Wks. (1670) 15 The Spanish Navy..durst not put it to a Battel at Sea, but set up their rest wholly upon the Land-Enterprize. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 190 So farre as my interest in Religion goeth..I shall willingly put it wholly upon this issue. 1711 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 129 The resolution had been taken of putting all upon a battle. 1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 53/2 [It] obliged him, at no small hazard, to put all at the issue. 1823 J. Neal Seventy-six I. ii. 27 Here are four of us already, and before tomorrow night, I will put my head upon the issue, that I carry forty more with me. 1877 C. Reade Woman-hater I. vii. 166 When..either colour has come up four times, you can put a moderate stake on the other colour. 1954 D. Abse Ash on Young Man's Sleeve 62 I put a quid on him at 3 to 1. 1994 BBC Holidays Oct. 35/2 You can also go for broke by putting the lot on a ‘straight up’ bet at odds of 35 to one. 34. transitive. Stock Market. To sell or deliver (assets) at an agreed price on or before a particular date, thus exercising a put option. Cf. put n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > specific operations subscribe1618 to take up1655 to sell out1721 to take in1721 to take up1740 pool?1780 capitalize1797 put1814 feed1818 to vote (the) stock (or shares)1819 corner1836 to sell short1852 promote1853 recapitalize1856 refund1857 float1865 water1865 margin1870 unload1870 acquire1877 maintain1881 syndicate1882 scalp1886 pyramid1888 underwrite1889 oversubscribe1891 joint-stock1894 wash1895 write1908 mark1911 split1927 marry1931 stag1935 unwind1958 short1959 preplace1966 unitize1970 bed and breakfast1974 index-link1974 warehouse1977 daisy-chain1979 strip1981 greenmail1984 pull1986 1814 Stock-Exchange laid Open Gloss. Put their Bears, selling to put more to it, if the seller choose on a certain day at the same price. 1885 Daily News 13 Mar. 2/1 Those who desire to buy the option of ‘putting’—i.e. delivering—Russian stock on the present basis of prices during the next six weeks. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 6/1 If his tone with regard to the political outlook is favourable operators will ‘call’ the stock; if otherwise, they hope to be able to ‘put’ it. 1933 H. D. Berman Stock Exchange xvi. 76 If the price is between 29s. 9d. and 27s. 3d. you buy the shares and put them, and thus get part of your option money back. 1991 Independent on Sunday 19 May (Business section) 2/3 Shareholders have the right to sell—or ‘put’—the bonds back to the company at an inflated price. 35. transitive. Business. To arrange for (a transaction, commodity, etc.) to be dealt with through an intermediary.Originally with reference to the use of intermediary stockjobbers in the stock market (also as to put through the market); cf. put-through n. 1. ΚΠ 1934 C. Brooks Conc. Dict. Finance 303 When a broker has orders both to buy and sell the same security he puts them through the market. 1959 Economist 21 Mar. 1099/1 The brokers in these shares..find it convenient to ‘marry’ the buying and selling orders. The normal practice has been for such a deal to be ‘put through’ a jobber at a very small turn for him. 1985 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 4th Ser. Christmas Special 279 By the time we've put them through the fence we'll get what, six grand for the pair. 1990 Times (Nexis) 18 Aug. Pre-Big Bang, the jobbers would be shown deals within and between brokers that were formally ‘put through’ them. 1994 PR Week (Nexis) 2 June Two products it thinks too unusual to put through normal retail outlets. †IV. Senses which are apparently after senses of classical Latin pōnere to put, place (see ponent n.). 36. transitive. To lay down (one's life) for someone or something (or, in quot. a1500, in exchange for the life of another). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > lay down one's life to lose (also give, lay down, etc.) one's lifeOE layc1330 putc1384 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xv. 13 No man hath more loue than this, that ony man putte his soule, that is, lyf, for his frendis[L. ut animam suam ponat quis pro amicis suis.]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 183 (MED) Whanne kynges comeþ to strengþe, þey putteþ [v.r. potteþ; L. exponunt] þeire lif for wommen. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 363 Crist..puttide his lyf for his sheep. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 323 (MED) The clerkis weren redi forto putte her lijfis for witnessing of trouthe. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 423 If the housbond be myghty and good, he oweth to deffende here, and putt his life for here life. a1579 H. Balnaves Confession of Faith (1584) 5 Greater loue than this can no man showe, but that he put his life for his frendes. 37. transitive. Frequently with that-clause as object. a. To posit, suppose, assume. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > assume, presuppose [verb (transitive)] > as basis for argument seta1340 supposec1350 posec1385 putc1390 to put (also set) the casec1405 suppositionc1449 demit1556 suppose1594 s'pose1632 case1647 feign1688 posit1697 postulate1705 c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2666 But lat vs now putte that ye haue leue to venge yow. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 95 And one being put, the other is put. a1640 W. Fenner Hidden Manna (1652) 74 Put that Christ did not dye for them. 1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 7 An End in Arts not conjectural..must be put when the means are put. b. To lay down as a rule or law; to ordain. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint > to be observed setc1000 ordainc1325 puta1475 a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 598 (MED) And put (by..sure pleggis) the forsaid Robert and Iohn..that thei be there to hire that recognycion. ?a1500 (a1471) Brut (Lyell) in J. S. Davies Eng. Chron. (1856) 105 (MED) And forthermore ordeyneth, puttethe, and stabylysshethe..that all statutys, ordenaunces, and actes of parlement..be annulled. 1678 in C. B. Gunn Rec. Baron Court Stitchill (1905) 83 Therefor the Judge..putts inacts and decernes for futur trouble in tyme cummeng that every persons grasse [etc.]. c. To state, assert, affirm; to declare as a fact. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 29 b/1 Saynt Bernard putteth iiii maners of love. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. 183/2 Y^e holders of y^t oppinion do put, y^t no man maye for all y^t take vpon him to preache or medle as priest, til he be chosen by the congregacion. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1016 Caster..And Pollux..As poyetis han put..Were getyn by a gode on a grete lady. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. ii. 78 As common bruite doth put it. View more context for this quotation Phrases †P1. to put no doubt (and variants): to raise or entertain no doubt; to be certain (to do something). Obsolete. ΚΠ c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 761 (MED) They hym comfortyd & bad hym put no dowte, Hys vttyr enemy Vyce to ouerthrow. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 633/2 Be he never so stronge I put no doutes to mayster hym. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Gii ^v God forbyd wyfe, ye shall fyrst iet. I will not iet yet (quoth she) put no doubtyng. ?a1610 A. Montgomerie Poems (1887) xxxvi. 28 I put no doubt bot ȝe wald do Ȝour pouer me to saive. a1653 H. Binning Common Princ. Christian Relig. (1659) 253 I put no doubt it would be most acceptable unto you, if you knew your misery, and..you could not but accept it, if you beleeved that it were true and faithfull. 1784 J. Goldie Gospel Recovered from Captive State VI. xii. xviii. 256 I put no doubt, but that even thousands of such..will certainly be convinced of the justness of what is contained therein. P2. to put (a person) to it. a. To force, challenge, or require (a person) to do something indicated by the context. Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel pullc1300 firk1340 enforce138. pressa1393 thrust14.. impel1490 urge1576 to put (a person) to it1581 importune1598 to lay weight upon1600 riot1777 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (intransitive)] > to action to put (a person) to it1581 to hold (also put) a pistol to (also at) (a person's) head1841 to force (one's) hand1860 to twist (someone's) arm1953 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. To Rdr. sig. j^v A pleasaunt Gentleman (who could haue spoken sufficiently, yf he had been put to it). 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue ii. 38 When they are put to it, they come far short of some principall pointes required. a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 146 I'le put him to't, before the play be plaide. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 139 Men behaved themselves well enough in Action, when they were put to it. 1831 J. K. Paulding Dutchman's Fireside II. xv. 97 ‘Can you play Ingen when you are put to it?’ ‘I have been among them, and know something of their character and manners.’ 1868 M. E. Braddon Dead-Sea Fruit xviii There is nothing a man of the world can't do when he's put to it. 1912 W. Boyle Family Failing i. 23 I could work if I was put to it. 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 222/1 If ye put me til it I'll do ye injury. 1995 Ashmolean Winter 18/2 It was quite in character with B-J's puckish humour, when put to it,..to make up a story for their amusement. b. spec. To force (a person) to do his or her utmost; to drive to extremities; to embarrass, to place at a loss or in difficulty. Now chiefly with modifying word in to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to it (to do something), to be hard put (to do something).In quot. a1616 figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > be in difficulties or straits to be hard bested?c1225 to be hard set1387 to be hard (straitly, stiffly, etc.) steada1400 to have mistera1400 charge1487 to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to ita1616 straiten1647 to be ill set1673 press1813 to be up a gum tree1829 push1863 the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) in difficulty > reduce to straits enstraita1500 plungea1513 to put or drive to a (or the) shift or shifts1553 to put (one) to (upon) his trump or trumps1559 to drive (a person) near1594 to put, drive, reduce, etc. to the last shiftsa1604 to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to ita1616 press1672 pinch1693 push1761 a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 360 Lord Angelo Dukes it well in his absence: he puts transgression too't. View more context for this quotation 1640 Bp. J. Hall Christian Moderation i. 130 Those Anticks of stone..carved out under the end of great beams in vast buildings, which seeme..as if they were hard put to it, with the weight. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 128 Fourthly and lastly, the Tenaciousnesse of selfe: I meane when she is put hard to it. a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 179 I know this is difficult, and puts a man to it. 1672 D. Brevint Roman Mass i. 6 The best Historian shall be very hard put to seek, before he find among them all, as long a list of abominable Livers. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 64 (margin) The Hill puts the Pilgrims to it . View more context for this quotation 1701 J. Edwards Free Disc. conc. Truth & Error Pref. p. xxxiii Doth he not think that it will be objected that he is put hard to it, when the Authority of the Bible can't be maintained by him without the defaming of all ofther Writings? 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 80 I..would be sorely put to it for Lodging. 1754 G. G. Beekman Let. 5 Aug. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 219 He was..much put to it to settel his affairs. 1852 E. Ruskin Let. 27 June in Effie in Venice (1965) ii. 328 You may imagine how I am put to it sometimes when three or four people question me at once in Venetian. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xiii. 274 We were hard put to it..to get it done in so short a time. 1920 School Educ. Rec. (Univ. N. Dakota) Apr. 50/1 The common man and woman, however hard-put to make a living. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 30/2 We are considerably put to it to know just what furniture to select to show you. 1985 S. Hood Storm from Paradise (1988) 95 Why he should have chosen the field path rather than the usual road he might have been rather hard put to it to explain. 1987 P. B. Waite Lord of Point Grey vi. 70 Larry was hard put to prevent her from running as C.C.F. candidate. 2006 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 15 July 11 A time traveller from the 1950s would be hard put to it to understand this phenomenon. †P3. to put fair: = to bid fair at bid v.¹ 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > probability, likelihood > be or seem likely [verb (intransitive)] appeara1530 to have some show1556 think1579 to look like1594 to put fairc1595 had liked to1600 to show for ——1776 fare1850 show1901 c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 7 Had wee lanced under the forte at our first cominge to anchor, wee had put fayre to bee possessors of the towne. 1675 C. Cotton tr. Lucian Dial. Vulcan & Apollo in Burlesque upon Burlesque 71 A Fiddle..On which he playes so rarely well, That he puts fair to put down me, Who am the God of Harmony. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 135 Those Nations whose Historians put fair for the greatest Antiquity, are the Romans [etc.]. 1713 G. Stanhope Nothing Impracticable required of Christians 12 They, who began with Thirty, will, in Process of Time, put fair for Sixty, and may, perhaps, at last, come up to an Hundred-fold. P4. †a. to put the ass (also fool) upon (also on): to attribute the name or character of an ass (or fool) to; to call or treat as an ass (or fool); (also) = to make a fool of at fool n.¹ and adj. Phrases 3b(a). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > make foolish or a fool of [verb (transitive)] bedotec1385 fona1425 fool1608 to put the ass (also fool) upon (also on)1617 stultify1809 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > duping, making a fool of > befool, dupe [phrase] to put an ape in a person's hoodc1330 to glaze one's houvec1369 to cough (a person) a daw, fool, momea1529 to make a fool of1534 to give (any one) the bobc1540 to lead (a person) a dancea1545 to make (someone) an ass1548 to make (a person) an ox1566 to play bob-fool witha1592 to sell any one a bargain1598 to put the fool on1649 to make a monkey (out) of1767 to play (a person) for a sucker (also fool, etc.)1869 to string (someone) along1902 to swing it on or across1923 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 50 If any German will put the Asse vpon another cunningly, he will say, that the other was neuer in Silesia. 1649 T. B. Rebellion of Naples i. iv. 8 Though you have put the Asse upon the people, you shall not put the fool on me. 1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 40 Who merrily in familiar discourse was pleased to put the fool upon me for it. a1684 R. Leighton Pract. Comm. 1st Epist. Peter (1693) I. 45 Worldly hopes..put the fool upon a Man. 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. 229 The Public..have put the Fool on me from my Birth;..and so I am meditating in turn how to put the Fool upon the Public. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Fool n. To put the fool on, to impose on; to delude. [Also in later dictionaries.]] b. British and Australian colloquial. to put it on a person: to exert strong pressure on a person to obtain money, a favour, etc.; to ‘touch’ a person for something. ΚΠ 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 244/2 The young ladies, they ‘put it on them for dunnage’ (beg a stock of general clothing). 1895 People 6 Jan. 16/5 Arter all the brass..was nearly all gone, Selby says, ‘I'll go round to the Mug agin, and put it on him (make him pay) for another bit.’ 1937 X. Herbert Capricornia (1974) 303 Frank put it on him for the lend of a tenner. 1946 Bulletin (Sydney) 7 Aug. 28/4 The boss asks what I want, so I put it on him for a hand-out an' he tells the other bloke t' get it for me. 1993 S. McAughtry Touch & Go ix. 73 ‘I think she's going to put it on you for a load of quid.’ ‘Cor blimey,’ I said, ‘and stone the crows.’ c. U.S. colloquial. to put a hurt (also hurting) on and variants: to inflict pain, damage, or suffering upon; to subject to an ordeal. Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1961 L. Nelson She put Hurt on Me (sheet music) She took my heart and left poor me I swear she put the hurt on me. 1965 J. M. Brewer Worser Days 131 Boy, I sho hopes you gonna invite me to dinner at yo' house again, 'cause yo' mama kin sho put a hurtin' on dem beans. 1970 J. Bouton Ball Four iv. 132 The other guys can drink them [sc. mai tais] with no effect at all while I get drunk. They insist I come along so that they can, as they say, put the hurt on my body. 1991 Baseball Today 25/1 It could be said that Eric Davis put a hurtin' on the Oakland A's. 1992 Tucson (Arizona) Weekly 21 Dec. 3/1 Not only did he scarf all the cookies and milk left beside the Christmas tree, he put a serious hurt on the beer and red wine supply as well. 2006 ‘L. Burana’ Try xiii. 158 Let me in there, you bitch. I'll put a hurt on you. I mean it! P5. to put distance between and variants: to move, travel, or retreat so as to establish a (great) distance between. Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1700 P. Newcome Catechetical Course Serm. for Whole Year I. xxi. 445 God seeming hereby to put a Distance between himself and us. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxxvii. 238 George..drew a long sigh of relief, when the boat had put a returnless distance between them. 1861 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 495/2 Their cavalry running off in a panic, and their General never stopping until he had put twenty miles between himself and the nearest of the plaid-men. 1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 152 He desired, above all, to put as great a distance as possible between himself and General Vandeleur. 1919 Outing Mar. 306/2 I wanted to have the gobbler put a little more distance between himself and the poacher. 1959 B. Kops Hamlet of Stepney Green 161 Some people never leave home; even when they put a thousand miles between them and the street door. 1986 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 13 Feb. 2/3 The Administration sought publicly to put distance between itself and the Japanese decision. 2001 S. Brett Death on Downs (2002) xvi. 113 If I had topped someone, I'd want to put as much distance as I could between me and the body. P6. to put (oneself) in (another person's) place (or shoes): to imagine (oneself) in another person's situation or circumstances. ΚΠ 1745 tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Robert Chevalier II. iv. 67 We should never judge so rashly, if leaving off our Prejudices, we would put ourselves in the Place of those whose Judges we want to be. 1770 S. Foote Lame Lover iii. 67 What could I do? put yourself in my place. 1791 T. Paine Common Sense (new ed.) 85 Do they put themselves in the place of the sufferer. 1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 53 Putting ourselves always in the author's place. 1871 M. F. Theed What She did with her Life ii. v. 150 I..say to myself, ‘Put yourself in her shoes, Marcelline!’ and I am not long then in coming round to be heartily ashamed of myself. 1913 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Interpretation of Dreams iv. 126 If she has put herself in the place of her friend, or, as we may say, has identified herself with her friend. 1954 A. Huxley Doors of Perception 8 We can condole with others in analogous circumstances, can put ourselves..in their places. 1992 N.Y. Times 21 July a15/6 If you put yourself in the shoes of someone who has a high school education, has lost his job that paid $10 an hour, and is now out pounding the pavement. P7. to put one's money on: to bet on; (figurative) to favour or depend on; to be confident of the success or reliability of. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > favour > win favour with [verb (transitive)] > favour to let well ofc1330 favour1340 to take, accept, receive in greec1374 likea1393 smilec1400 to take agreea1425 agreec1450 to fawn on, upon1477 to bear good mind toa1516 to look upon ——c1515 to look on ——1540 vouchsafe1582 conceit1589 relish1594 to look to ——1611 impatronize1629 aspect1663 sympathize1828 to put one's money on1847 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] back1697 to put one's money on1847 to put one's shirt on1856 play1858 lump1864 lay1877 stand1877 to get on ——1884 to bet (also stake) one's shirt (that)1892 to go a (or the) bundle on1938 1847 R. B. Peake Title Deeds i. i. 12 I have put my money on the curly headed one. 1885 Manch. Evening News 17 June 2/4 A Frenchman who had patriotically put his money on Reluisant. 1932 Punch 23 Nov. 582/3 I would put my money on him through the thickest traffic, provided only that he was allowed to rest his foot on a bus-roof when the lights were against him. 1963 Listener 21 Feb. 341/3 She does not put all her money on love. 1990 S. King Stand (new ed.) lvi. 831 ‘I'll put my money on Brad,’ Ralph said. ‘I trust him.’ P8. colloquial. to put (a person) through it: to impose a severe test on (a person); to subject to an ordeal or trying experience. Cf. to put through the mangle at mangle n.³ 1c, to put through the wringer at wringer n. 6b.For the original of the passage purportedly cited in quot. 1855 (where however the reading is in fact put through), see quot. 1852 for to put through 1a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] heavyc897 pineeOE aileOE sorryeOE traya1000 sorrowOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE angerc1175 smarta1200 to work, bake, brew balec1200 derve?c1225 grieve?c1225 sitc1225 sweam?c1225 gnawc1230 sughc1230 troublec1230 aggrievea1325 to think sweama1325 unframea1325 anguish1340 teen1340 sowa1352 distrainc1374 to-troublea1382 strain1382 unglad1390 afflicta1393 paina1393 distressa1400 hita1400 sorea1400 assayc1400 remordc1400 temptc1400 to sit (or set) one sorec1420 overthrow?a1425 visit1424 labour1437 passionc1470 arraya1500 constraina1500 misgrievea1500 attempt1525 exagitate1532 to wring to the worse1542 toil1549 lament1580 adolorate1598 rankle1659 try1702 to pass over ——1790 upset1805 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 to put (a person) through it1855 bludgeon1888 to get to ——1904 to put through the hoop(s)1919 the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > affect or visit with adversity followOE waryc1200 hita1400 remord?c1400 visit1424 to lead (a person) the measures1594 conflict1609 to lead a person a life1715 overhit1816 put1841 to put (a person) through it1855 1855 Times 18 May 7/6 Like Legree, Liprandi ‘put them through it, sick or well’, all last winter. 1914 M. L. Macnaghten Days of my Years xxiii. 251 They..made active search for Nemo, with the intention of ‘putting him through it’. 1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood i. ii. 59 I am afraid we have put you through it, rather. 1959 P. McCutchan Storm South xii. 179 Evidently she'd been put through it in the interval, for she was crying bitterly. 2006 Halifax Courier (Nexis) 11 Sept. Well, another rollercoaster of a season. We've been put through it on and off the field. P9. colloquial (chiefly British). not to know where to put oneself: to be confused, flustered, or distressed; to be severely discomfited, esp. as a result of embarrassment or self-consciousness. ΚΠ 1861 All for Best I. xii. 194 I really should have come to pay my parting respects to dear Miss Mabel,..only you see, I've been so busy I didn't know where to put myself. 1890 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 457 I have worked for that amount of money..till I do not know where to put myself. 1943 Times 27 Mar. 2/7 (advt.) I was just about mad with pain... I did not know where to put myself. 1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 68 He was begging and pleading with me in a little quiet voice and with tears rolling down his cheeks so I didn't know where to put myself. 2000 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 6 Aug. 15 He just didn't know where to put himself, he was suddenly so conscious of his every move, it destroyed his speech. P10. colloquial (originally U.S.). put it (also her) there: (as an invitation) ‘shake hands’. ΚΠ 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 333 ‘You see my blind and straddle it like a man. Put it there!’—extending a brawny paw. 1886 Semi-Weekly Age (Coshocton, Ohio) 30 Nov. 1/1 [He] grasps his hand and exclaimes [sic], ‘Put 'er there.’ ‘Its a girl.’ 1898 R. Hughes Lakerim Athletic Club i. 3 ‘Put her there, Punk; you're a white man!’ Tug had to exclaim; and the two captains shook hands. 1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear ii. i. 154 ‘Put it there,’ he said. A hand-grip passed between the two. 1947 P. G. Wodehouse Full Moon vii. 168 ‘I'm engaged!’.. ‘Well, I'm dashed,’ said Freddie. ‘Put it there, pardner.’ 1963 Lancaster (Ohio) Eagle-Gaz. 27 Sept. 6/1 ‘Attaboy, kid!’ Uncle Wilbert said. ‘Put 'er there.’ So Zach ran over to the coach's box to accept congratulations from his boss. 2001 J. Murphy Kings of Kilburn High Road ii, in Two Plays 42 Maurteen. Fair play to yeh, Joe. Put it there. (They shake hands. ) I love this fella, know that? P11. colloquial (originally U.S.). to put it all over: to defeat or beat (a person) easily, to trounce. Cf. to put over 7b(a) at Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ 1884 Daily Gaz. (Fort Wayne, Indiana) 28 June 3/2 Kilrain literally ‘put it all over’ his antagonist, hitting wherever he pleased. 1896 Middletown (N.Y.) Daily Argus 28 Nov. 2/2 What Bill oughter done, if he feels like this yere hawg's done put it all over him, is to go an' lay for Olson. 1905 J. London Let. 24 June (1966) 175 If Hillquit..didn't put it all over Bierce—I'll quit thinking at all. 1919 H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill iv. 136 It occurred to him that he could put it all over Ben in another way that would cut him to the heart. 1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft viii. 155 So far as bushcraft is concerned, he [sc. the Aboriginal] could put it all over you. 1985 Courier Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 21 Mar. Queensland's Ray Phillips put it all over Rixon with eight catches and valuable knocks of 53 and 47. P12. Association Football. to put through one's own goal (also net): to score an own goal. ΚΠ 1897 Liverpool Courier 15 Feb. 8/2 Shortly after one of the visitors had the misfortune to put through his own goal. 1920 Times 12 Apr. 6/3 J. Short, in endeavouring to clear, put through his own goal. 1999 Scan (Lancaster University Students' Union) 12 Feb. 27/2 The normally reliable Villa skipper put through his own net after half an hour. P13. colloquial. to put paid to: to deal finally or effectually with; to place out of contention or consideration; to terminate or thwart (an aspiration, plan, etc.) conclusively. Originally in the fuller form to put paid to the account of. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to undoc950 shendOE forfarea1000 endc1000 to do awayOE aquenchc1175 slayc1175 slayc1175 stathea1200 tinea1300 to-spilla1300 batec1300 bleschea1325 honisha1325 leesea1325 wastec1325 stanch1338 corrumpa1340 destroy1340 to put awayc1350 dissolvec1374 supplanta1382 to-shend1382 aneantizec1384 avoidc1384 to put outa1398 beshenda1400 swelta1400 amortizec1405 distract1413 consumec1425 shelfc1425 abroge1427 downthringc1430 kill1435 poisonc1450 defeat1474 perish1509 to blow away1523 abrogatea1529 to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529 dash?1529 to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531 put in the pot1531 wipea1538 extermine1539 fatec1540 peppera1550 disappoint1563 to put (also set) beside the saddle1563 to cut the throat of1565 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to make a hand of (also on, with)1569 demolish1570 to break the neck of1576 to make shipwreck of1577 spoil1578 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579 cipher1589 ruinate1590 to cut off by the shins1592 shipwreck1599 exterminate1605 finish1611 damnify1612 ravel1614 braina1616 stagger1629 unrivet1630 consummate1634 pulverizea1640 baffle1649 devil1652 to blow up1660 feague1668 shatter1683 cook1708 to die away1748 to prove fatal (to)1759 to knock up1764 to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834 to put the kibosh on1834 to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835 kibosh1841 to chaw up1843 cooper1851 to jack up1870 scuttle1888 to bugger up1891 jigger1895 torpedo1895 on the fritz1900 to put paid to1901 rot1908 down and out1916 scuppera1918 to put the skids under1918 stonker1919 liquidate1924 to screw up1933 cruel1934 to dig the grave of1934 pox1935 blow1936 to hit for six1937 to piss up1937 to dust off1938 zap1976 1901 A. F. Bettinson & W. O. Tristram National Sporting Club ii. 28 Put ‘paid’ to the account of Drayton and Daniel. 1919 Boy's Own Ann. 41 457/2 She [sc. a destroyer]..was about to proceed to sea on her mission of ‘putting paid’ to U-boats. 1930 Manitoba Free Press 20 Aug. 6/5 [He] put paid to the account of Al Anderson..after 2.56 in the second round of a bout billed to go eight rounds. 1951 J. B. Priestley Festival at Farbridge ii. iii. 344 I thought one time Tanhead might ha' swung 'em, but Commodore put paid to him all right. 1976 Economist 13 Mar. 13/2 [That choice] would also probably put paid to any hopes of fully reintegrating France into the Nato alliance. 2004 C. Connelly Attention All Shipping (2005) 248 My original plan had been to walk the length of the island and back, but the traumatic crossing had put paid to that. P14. colloquial (chiefly British). to put one's feet up: to take a rest; to relax, esp. by sitting with one's feet in a raised and supported position. ΚΠ 1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 103/1 ‘Put your feet up this moment,’ ordered Susan. ‘I am going to do your packing, and get you some tea.’ 1934 P. G. Wodehouse Right ho, Jeeves xi. 126 I..put my feet up, sipping the mixture with carefree enjoyment, rather like Cæsar having one in his tent the day he overcame the Nervii. 1985 Weekly World News 1 Nov. 9 Mother of sextuplets..put her feet up for the first time in five years after sending her six daughters off to school. 2004 Good Housek. (U.K. ed.) Oct. 26/3 At least 40% of women feel bad if they put their feet up when the place is a mess—and a quarter fret about the state of the loo as they're trying to unwind. P15. colloquial (originally and chiefly British). to put it across (a person). a. To punish or exact retribution on (a person); to get even with. Also (now chiefly) Sport: to get the better of, defeat (a person or team). ΚΠ 1910 J. C. Snaith Mrs. Fitz viii. 74 We may have to put it across that swine von Arlenberg, although of course he is merely obeying the orders of Ferdinand. 1929 P. G. Wodehouse Mr. Mulliner Speaking iv. 129 It was his intention to..confront his erring man-servant and put it across him in no uncertain manner. 1978 Rugby World Apr. 38/2 Meyer was a sports nut who enjoyed nothing more than seeing his pupils put it across the golden youth of Eton and Winchester. 2004 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 1 Jan. 8 Close told us we could put it across them if we could get them out for 250 and then bat well ourselves. b. To deceive (a person); to convince by deceit. ΚΠ 1919 E. P. Oppenheim Strange Case Mr. Jocelyn Thew ii. vi. 235 ‘Well,’ she exclaimed, ‘he does put it across you, doesn't he?’ 1927 Observer 27 Mar. 6/4 It would be difficult for a greedy, hysterical, shameless, half-insane revivalist..to ‘put it across’ ever-increasing audiences. 1959 D. Eden Sleeping Bride xiv. 117 Don't let Blandina put it across you. She isn't as ill as she pretends to be. 1994 Times (Nexis) 18 Apr. The French are much cleverer than the Germans and put it across them every time. P16. to put oneself out there: to actively expose oneself to public attention or scrutiny, even at the risk of being vulnerable or subject to danger, criticism, rejection, etc. ΚΠ 1971 Washington Post 29 Aug. g10/6 Would Tony have..attacked the two policemen after they started beating..the young black militant? ‘I would've walked away... I believe in money. Ain't no pimp gonna put himself out there for politics.’ 1998 Sunday Times 19 Apr. 54/3 [The] path..of the dashing leading man..I didn't want to take... It's..exposed. You're not hidden by a hump or a mad wig or something. You're really putting yourself out there. 2003 MBR Sept. 116/1 Being just a figurehead..well, you've got to do more than that. You've got to propagate it by racing, going to events, generally putting yourself out there, the whole nine yards. 2021 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 19 She had come across talented makers and artists around Wales and this inspired her to create a platform that showcased their talents... ‘Creative people don't always enjoy putting themselves out there and doing the social media side.’ P17. West African. to put to bed: to give birth. Also: to give birth to (a child).Cf. (in general sense) to put to bed at sense 13. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > be confined [verb (intransitive)] > give birth kenc1000 childc1175 beara1382 labour1454 to cry out1623 parturiate1649 pup1708 to fall in two1788 accouche1819 to have one's bed1848 pip1973 to put to bed1973 the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > confine or deliver [verb (transitive)] > give birth forthbring971 akenOE haveOE bearOE to bring into the worldOE teemOE i-bereOE to bring forthc1175 childc1175 reara1275 ofkenc1275 hatcha1350 makea1382 yielda1400 cleck1401 issue1447 engenderc1450 infant1483 deliver?a1518 whelp1581 world1596 yean1598 fall1600 to give (a person or thing) birth1615 to give birth to1633 drop1662 pup1699 born1703 to throw off1742 beteem1855 birth1855 parturiate1866 shell1890 to put to bed1973 bring- 1973 Law Rep. East-Central Nigeria 3 ii. 763 He was..having a party to celebrate the first outing of his wife who had just put to bed. 1974 Newbreed (Nigeria) June 32 Three days later she put to bed a baby girl. 2019 Weekly Trust (Nigeria) (Nexis) 9 Feb. I recently put to bed but when I was in labour I had to be rushed to Pindiga on a motorcycle which is several kilometres away from here. Phrasal verbs PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to put aback †1. transitive. To repel, reject; to neglect; to lower in status; to retard, impede, set back. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject awarpc1000 forwerpeOE warpc1000 nillOE warnc1300 reprovec1350 to put abacka1382 to throw awaya1382 repugnc1384 to put awaya1387 waivec1386 forshoota1400 disavowc1400 defyc1405 disprovec1430 repelc1443 flemea1450 to put backa1500 reject?1504 refutea1513 repulse1533 refel1548 repudiate1548 disallowa1555 project?1567 expel1575 discard1578 overrule1578 forsay1579 check1601 decard1605 dismiss1608 reprobate1609 devow1610 retorta1616 disclaimc1626 noforsootha1644 respuate1657 reluctate1668 negative1778 no-ball1862 basket1867 to set one's foot down1873 not to have any (of it, that, this)1895 to put down1944 eighty-six1959 neg1987 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel recoil?c1225 to turn againc1330 to put awayc1350 rebukec1380 to put abacka1382 to put againa1382 again-puta1400 rebut?a1425 repeal?a1425 retroylc1425 rebatea1475 repel?a1475 repulse?a1475 to put backa1500 refel1548 revert1575 rembar1588 to beat back1593 rebeat1595 reject1603 repress1623 rambarrea1630 stave1631 refringe1692 slap-back1931 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > hinder or delay bestayc1330 tarry1340 delaya1393 to put aback1450 to pull backa1470 retard1490 tarde1524 retary1526 to throw back1562 forslow1570 backward1594 detain1600 to set back1600 slug1605 retardate1613 tardya1616 taigle?1635 backen1649 remore1652 remorate1657 to cast back1671 to hold up1887 to knock back1945 OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. xvi. 135 He þa swa swa of langre tide wæs forgytende & him on bæc sette þa lare þæs halgan Benedictes [L. verba viri Dei quasi ex longo tempore oblitus postposuit].] a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Psalms xx. 13 For þou shalt putten þem abac [L. pones..dorsum]. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 4363 (MED) To mochel ese..set every vice forth And every vertu put abak. 1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 181/2 True maters of such persones as had not his favour were hyndred and put abakke. c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 332 (MED) So it semeþ þat antecrist bi þis puttiþ cristis ordynaunce abake. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. viii The men of trouthe ben set alowe and put aback. a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5080 Neuer put A-bake, manly was of myght. a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Siiji^v Than was I put abak, frome my purpose. And suddantlie, caste in captyuitie. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 1663 Quhan gude Emynedus..Had rushit and put abak halely..Tha Turkis. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 34 The saidis personis..was put abak be the lordis Ruthven, [etc.]. 1669 Hist. Sir Eger 20 I am put farre aback, And ye trust no comfort in me. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 445 With strong will he put aback his pain. 1910 B. Miall tr. A. Aulard French Revol. IV. vi. 199 This Church was not in a state of progress..It was seriously put aback, and the numbers of its flock diminished. 2. transitive. Nautical. To cause (sails) to lie back against the mast of a ship. Also: to cause the sails of (a vessel) to take up this position, impeding forward motion or forcing backward movement. Cf. aback adv. 3. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > trim sails > lay aback to put aback1698 to back a yard1707 bagpipe1769 to lay aback1769 back-wind1899 1698 E. Ward Trip to Jamaica 13 We furl'd our main-sail with all our hands at once, as a strategem to seem well man'd; put our top-sailes aback, and lay by. 1752 W. Goodall Adventures Capt. Greenland IV. xi. ix. 139 The captain immediately put her sails aback, and hoisting out a boat, came instantly to me. 1799 I. Weld Trav. N. Amer. xxxvi. 419 In the hurry and confusion..the mainsail was hoisted at the same time with the jib, the vessel was put aback, and nothing could have saved her from going at once on shore but the letting fall of another anchor. 1850 Times 29 May 7/5 The tide was falling, and the sails were put aback, but without effect. 1965 A. R. Bosworth Storm Tide viii. 65 He shouted for the mainsail to be put aback. 2004 M. Wood Sailing Tall i. 17 Otherwise we would be sent flying by the rudder's kick and let the wheel spin out of control, possibly putting the vessel aback and causing serious damage even to the extent of dismasting. 3. transitive. To take aback, to put out. Usually in passive. ΚΠ 1833 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 381 The Don Key, however, was not to be put aback. He immediately brays out an application for his eldest son. 1847 J. H. Ingraham Cruiser of Narragansett Bay ii. 10 I never minded much what folks said about her, but when I see what she did..I was a little put aback. 1920 Corsicana (Texas) Semi-Weekly Light 27 Aug. (single sheet) Well, I was rather put aback for a moment for a reply. 1996 New York 22 Apr. 15 The really downtown people..were kind of put aback by the fact that there were too many Hollywood people. to put about 1. Nautical. a. transitive. To place or set (a vessel) on the opposite tack. Also in extended use: to cause to turn around so as to be facing or travelling in another direction. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > cause to go about wend1556 to put about1607 wind1623 staya1625 about1694 cast1769 the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > turn (something) to a (different) direction i-wendeOE wendOE turnc1300 convertc1384 avirec1440 kyr1448 twine1600 wheel1805 to put about1832 1607 J. Davies Relation Voy. in Early Eng. & French Voy. (1932) 409 Espyeinge many soonken rocks and breatches hard by us enforsynge us to put our ship about and stand from them. 1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World i. 14 Captain Dampier thinking we were to the Westward of Cape Horn, ordered to put the ship about. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 248 Every time the vessel was put about, we ship'd a sea that drenched us all to the skin. 1832 Proposed Regulations Cavalry iii. 83 The..wing is..to be put about by Threes. 1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene II. xix The Stella was then put about, and the other broadside given. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. ii. 34 Put your horses' heads about and ride for Spalding. 1938 Greeley (Colorado) Daily Tribune 23 Nov. 7/6 Put her about mate, an' full speed ahead!! 1984 Pract. Boat Owner Feb. 69/2 Immediately I put her about on the other tack. 2002 R. Murphy Kick (2003) 193 Puts her about, catches more wind. b. intransitive. To turn on the opposite tack; to go about; (in extended use) to take up a new direction, to change direction. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > go about > by tacking traverse1568 to cast about1591 to throw about1591 staya1613 flat1622 cast1671 to put about1712 to come about1777 to throw round1882 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea xiv. 167 When discover Danger, or occasion to put about in a dark Night, or Fog, if with Starboard Tacks, to fire two Guns very quick. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. v. 342 The proas..run from one of these Islands to the other and back again..without ever putting about. 1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 338 The main interests of my voyage obliged me to put about, and return to the northward. 1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 372 Down with the helm, and let us put about. 1904 J. London Sea-wolf xvi. 146 Mr. Van Weyden, will you kindly put about on the port tack. 1970 J. H. B. Peel Country Folk i. 15 The lane was already thick with last night's drifting and I had just time enough to find a gate and there put about for home before every ditch and dyke became invisible. 1992 S. Holloway Courage High! xx. 172/1 Immediately, the fire-float put about and went to help the survivors. 2. transitive. Originally British. To circulate or disseminate (information, a rumour, etc.). Frequently with it and that-clause. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] sowc888 blowc1275 dispeple1297 to do abroadc1300 fame1303 publyc1350 defamea1382 publisha1382 open?1387 proclaima1393 slandera1400 spreada1400 abroachc1400 throwc1400 to give outa1425 promote?a1425 noisec1425 publicc1430 noisec1440 divulgea1464 to put outc1475 skail1487 to come out witha1500 bruit1525 bruita1529 to bear out1530 divulgate1530 promulgate1530 propale?1530 ventilate1530 provulgate1535 sparple1536 sparse1536 promulge1539 disperse1548 publicate1548 forthtell1549 hurly-burly?1550 propagate1554 to set abroada1555 utter1561 to set forth1567 blaze1570 evulgate1570 scatter1576 rear?1577 to carry about1585 pervulgate1586 celebrate?1596 propalate1598 vent1602 evulge1611 to give forth1611 impublic1628 ventilate1637 disseminate1643 expose1644 emit1650 to put about1664 to send abroad1681 to get abroad1688 to take out1697 advertise1710 forward1713 to set abouta1715 circulate1780 broadcast1829 vent1832 vulgate1851 debit1879 float1883 1664 J. Wilson Andronicus Comnenius iii. i. 37 Suppose you were Now Emperor, and 'twere now put about; You'd find few boggle at it. 1693 C. Cotton tr. L. Pontis Mem. 176 He..could scarce perswade himself, that there was..any Wretches so vile as to put about such calumnies against an innocent person. 1781 F. Burney Let. May in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 347 Is it what she [sc. Mrs. Thrale] put about in the morning? 1821 P. Egan Life in London ii. ii. 178 The Mollishers are all nutty upon him, putting it about, one to another, that he is a well breeched Swell. 1881 E. Lynn Linton My Love! II. v. 102 Who has put this lie about? 1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood viii. 137 What was the fama of the minister which had been put about in Woodilee? 1963 P. W. Lyon Success Story iii. 142 The cynical, as soon as they got wind of this scheme, put it about that McClure was only baiting his hook for a fatter circulation. 2004 A. Hollinghurst Line of Beauty iv. 116 He felt foolish, childish at having put it about that they were boyfriends. †3. transitive. To pass (a glass, bottle, etc.) around; to dispense (drink) freely. Also with it. Cf. to push the bottle about at push v. Phrases 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master i. 18 No matter, we only desire you shou'd look on, while we eat, and put the glass about, or so. 1676 T. Shadwell Libertine iv. 71 Here, Governour, your health. Friends, put it about. 1729 C. Cibber Rival Queans iv. 32 Let's put the Glass about: Health to the Son of Alexander's Father, each Man take his Bumper In his Hand. 1783 J. Dent Too Civil by Half i. iii. 22 Come, gentlemen, put about the bottle, for my friend..would be damned angry, if I should stint you. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xli. 105 Mr. Fagin..put about the liquor which Barney reappeared with, in a very friendly manner. 1887 W. C. Russell Frozen Pirate i. 6 We strove to encourage one another as best we could, sometimes with words, sometimes with putting the bottle about. 4. transitive (reflexive). British colloquial. a. To disport oneself; to cavort, caper; (now esp.) to make conspicuous use of physical effort.In recent use (esp. in sporting contexts) sometimes hard to distinguish from sense 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)] afforcec1300 enforcec1386 virtuea1393 endeavourc1400 naitc1400 envirtue1477 exploit1490 to put it forthc1500 constrainc1510 efforce1512 lay1535 evirtuate1642 to exert oneself1736 hump1835 spread1843 to put about1983 1768 Lady M. Coke Jrnl. 28 Aug. (1889) II. 349 That Strange Girl that you remember was used to put herself about upon the Stage, almost all her Cloaths off. 1913 H. Brighouse Graft ii. 29 He's a bit too keen on this recreation ground, Verity is. Been putting himself about something extraordinary. 1983 Times 23 Sept. 22/1 Two lads put themselves about up front. The two big central defenders..tackle hard and clear danger briskly. 1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 12 Aug. 1 If you don't put yourself about against Manchester United, if your defensive set-up is slack, they will punish you. 2004 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 16 May (Sport section) 16 Seasoned Olympic observers say that, in the sporting parlance, she needs to put herself about more. b. To make oneself conspicuous, impressive, or noticeable; to promote oneself. ΚΠ 1970 P. Laurie Scotl. Yard 293 Put oneself about, to, to swagger about, to impress. 1975 Times 12 June 10/5 I wonder if there is any difference between Spike Milligan's seemingly irresistible urge to put himself about as an Indian or a Pakistani and the Black and White Minstrels' appalling black-faced routines. 1986 B. Geldof Is that It? x. 142 We had done a smaller tour in 1977 to put our faces about. 2001 Stage (Nexis) 30 Aug. 19 Make your film/short/TV promo... And when it is made,..go out there and promote it. Put yourself about, get known. 5. transitive. a. To put (a person) to inconvenience or trouble. Frequently reflexive: to take pains or trouble. Cf. to put out 9e at Phrasal verbs 1.Formerly chiefly Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > inconvenience > affect with inconvenience [verb (transitive)] trouble1516 misease1530 incommodatea1575 inconveniencea1656 run1697 incommode1702 disannul1794 disconvenience1821 to put about1825 to put out1851 to jerk around1877 to bugger about1921 to dick around1944 to fuck around1955 to bugger around1961 to screw around1967 to fuck about1975 to cock around1990 to dick about1996 to cock about2009 1785 J. Hartley Hist. Westm. Election (ed. 2) 503 Much you've put yourself about, For nought but keen vexations. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) To Put about, to subject to inconvenience or difficulty;..as, ‘I was sair put about to get that siller’. 1837 Times 17 Aug. 4/2 When people cannot be stimulated to put themselves about in favour of new proposals, the presumption is, that they wish things to remain as they are. 1866 C. Reade Griffith Gaunt (ed. 2) II. 297 Oh, don't put yourself about for me. 1901 J. N. McIlwraith Roderick Campbell ix. 110 It was hardly to be expected that our great-uncle should put himself greatly about to keep his word. 1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey (U.S. ed.) iii. ii. 234 Oh! no, sir; you did me a service. I don't want to put you about, telling falsehoods for me. 1972 I. Baker Grave Doubt xii. 168 ‘We can't put you about like this,’ I said, trying not to sound ungrateful. b. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). To perturb, disconcert, upset, distress. Cf. to put out 9b at Phrasal verbs 1, to put out 9d at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 1843 F. E. Paget Warden of Berkingholt 149 You see I don't let a thoughtless word put me about, and you must'na neither. 1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. Introd. 6 I would not have been much put about, though my offer had been rejected. 1890 A. Conan Doyle Little Sq. Box in Capt. Polestar 152 What's put you about, Hammond? You look as white as a sheet. 1938 F. Urquhart Time will Knit 151 My mother had been sore put about, though everybody said it wasn't Tom's fault... But more than my mother would be put about if Grace produced a fatherless bairn. 1952 R. C. Hutchinson Recoll. of Journey (1982) ix. 206 Could they really be so put about by a rumour from a drunken soldier? 2003 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Pit v.¹ Ah'm awfy pit aboot because o that cat an its flees. 6. transitive. British slang. to put it about: to be sexually promiscuous. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [verb (intransitive)] > be promiscuous to play legerdeheel1605 to put it about1817 to do the (also a) naughty1902 to fool around1923 sleep1928 to play around1929 alleycat1937 to screw around1939 bed-hop1943 tom1950 horse1953 to whore it up1956 swing1964 1817 Ld. Byron Let. 20 Jan. (1976) V. 162 Is the brat mine?—I have reason to think so—for I know..that she had not lived with S[helley] during the time of our acquaintance—& that she had a good deal of that same with me.—This comes of ‘putting it about’. 1975 S. Brett Cast 48 The simplest explanation was that he had just got tired of Jacqui... He was a man who had always put it about a bit. 1989 Lit. Rev. Dec. 11/1 Helen is pretty, and she puts it about. 2001 I. Sinclair Landor's Tower (2002) i. iv. 46 His first (other-sex) relationship came at a time when women took care of contraception and felt obliged..to celebrate their newly acquired freedom by putting it about. to put abroad 1. transitive. To put or spread about; to make public; to disseminate, promulgate. ΚΠ a1540 J. Leland Let. to Cromwell in A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses (1691) I. 68 The Germanes..do send dayly young Scholars hither, that spoileth them [sc. texts by ancient authors], and cutteth them out of Libraries, returning home and putting them abroad as Monuments of their own Country. 1580 Hooper's Certeine Expos. Psalmes f. 61 In the heart they [sc. lies] lie hid, tarying for a time when they may be put abroad, to do mischiefe. ?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses i. 3 When, in him shall be..the prime Of youths spring put abroad. 1713 C. Place Heretical Char. ii. 172 A whole Bundle of Heretical Figments, abundance of which were put abroad. 1770 tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. iii. xv, in Wks. 131/2 Vain stories and amusements about the land of Canaan..are put abroad on purpose to abuse you. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xvii. 164 The wildest of these theories being put abroad by the facetious and imaginative Huxter. 1889 Times 20 Mar. 10/1 It is very easy at election times..to put abroad statements of pretended fact. 1908 G. G. Coulton Chaucer & his Eng. iv. 36 These were no doubt fugitive pieces, often written for different friends or patrons, and put abroad in their names. 1957 P. Halmos Toward Meas. Man iv. iv. 194 The energy with which views of this sceptical nature are put abroad these days. 1999 J. Casey Early Mod. Spain ii. 20 The Venetian ambassador..was putting abroad a much higher figure..which would soon become conventional wisdom. †2. transitive. Nautical. To unfurl, fly (a flag). Cf. abroad adv. 1d. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [verb (transitive)] > fly or hoist flags, etc. stretchc1400 to put outa1450 show1488 wear1558 to set out1573 to set up1585 to put abroad1625 fly1655 hoist1697 rehoist1765 run1815 1625 J. Stoneman in S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. x. ii. 1834 We put abroad our Colours, and went toward the Admirall. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 3 To giue notice..by putting abroad his flag. 1720 J. Burchett Compl. Hist. Trans. at Sea iv. iii. 424 The latter escaping put abroad the Colours of Algier, but the other being imbayed, she was taken by Vice-Admiral Almonde, and proved to be a French Ship bound to Antegoa. ?1775 Sailing & Fighting Instr. His Majesty's Fleet 5 When any one happens to see a Ship or Ships more than His Majesty's Fleet, he is to put abroad his Ensign, and there keep it till the Admiral's is out. 1848 J. F. Cooper Jack Tier I. viii. 235 Come, Jack, and help me to put abroad this shawl, the only ensign we can show. to put across 1. transitive. Baseball. To pitch (a ball) directly over home plate. Chiefly as to put it across. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of pitcher pitch1848 curve1877 to put over1891 scatter1892 save1899 to put across1903 walk1905 fan1909 plunk1909 southpaw1911 whiff1914 sidearm1921 sidearm1922 outpitch1928 blow1938 hang1967 wild pitch1970 1883 Chester (Pa.) Times 18 May He put the ball across the plate with all the energy of his right arm.] 1903 Williamsport (Pa.) Daily Gaz. & Bull. 6 June 5/3 ‘Put it right across. He's got to hit it.’..Williams did put it across and Maitland laced her out for three bases. 1943 Amer. Speech 18 106 If the pitcher throws a straight ball with good control, he is said..to put it over, to put it across, or to put it right in there. If he has speed, he may..put over a fast one. 2002 Daily Times (Salisbury, Maryland) (Nexis) 10 May 21 If it's not a strike you don't swing at it... He didn't put it across so I didn't swing at it. 2. transitive. Chiefly U.S. To execute, implement, or establish successfully; to accomplish. Frequently as to put it across. ΚΠ 1906 G. Ade in Manitoba Morning Free Press 15 Dec. Uncle Tom is now a wuzzer. He cannot put it across any more except under a Tent. 1911 Newark (Ohio) Advocate 22 Feb. 1/3 One vote would have put the bill across. 1926 D. L. Colvin Prohibition in U.S. 434 Wet propagandists asserted that prohibition had been ‘put across’ against the will of the majority. 1941 P. Sargent Getting US into War 40 There must be a new order in Europe, and..the Germans are the organizing people who have got to put it across. 1998 Buffalo News (Nexis) 4 Aug. 1 a 51 Republicans joined 185 Democrats and one Independent to put the bill across. 3. transitive. Originally U.S. To convey (a meaning or message) in a specified manner; (now usually without adverbial complement) to communicate or present effectively. ΘΚΠ society > communication > [verb (transitive)] > successfully to put over1908 to put across1910 the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)] > by assertion tella1275 assurea1535 over-talk1605 to talk over1734 to put over1908 to put across1910 1910 Tribune (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) 7 Jan. Just get your nerve back and put it across in plain English and the rest will be forgotten and forgiven. 1915 S. Ford Torchy, Private Sec. xvi. 277 I expect he'd have put it across just as raw if there'd been a dozen around instead of only one. 1935 Archit. Rev. 77 129/2 They have paid copy-writers and poster-designers to ‘put them across’ in nation-wide publicity drives. 1943 J. S. Huxley TVA 129 The TVA was managing to put across a good deal of its plan. 1970 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird ii. 11 If you don't put yourself across, who'll do it for you? 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Sept. 4/3 Perhaps the Masters were short-sighted, or not very good at putting their message across. to put apart †1. transitive. To abjure, renounce, eschew. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > renounce to claim quitc1314 to quit claimc1314 remisea1325 release1379 remit1379 renouncec1400 to put apart1455 discharge1466 to swear out1598 to quit claim to1664 remiss1701 cut1791 renunciate1848 1455 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 78 I charge the said lord lovell and Chaunceler that thei..put aparte all maner of affectuouse percialite. 1538 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 12 In the end, temerositie putt apart, I have determinid playnly to expres to your Lordship suche thinges..as restith in my knowledg. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B6 Put feare apart, And tel..who ye be. 1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. xxxix. 154 Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. 2. transitive. To part, separate; to set apart; (also) to put to one side. Cf. to put aside at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] to-twemec893 sunderOE asunderOE shedOE dealOE shill1049 skillc1175 to-twinc1175 twinc1230 disseverc1250 depart1297 slita1300 to-throwc1315 parta1325 drevec1325 devisec1330 dividec1374 sever1382 unknit?a1425 divorce1430 separea1450 separate?a1475 untine1496 to put apart1530 discussa1542 deceper1547 disseparate1550 apart1563 unjoint1565 shoal1571 divisionatea1586 single1587 dispart1590 descide1598 disassociate1598 distract1600 dissolve1605 discriminate1615 dissociate1623 discerpa1628 discind1640 dissunder1642 distinguish1648 severize1649 unstring1674 skaila1833 cleave1873 dirempt1885 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xv. f. xxviii When a womans naturall course of bloud runneth, she shalbe put aparte .vij. dayes. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Sejugate To sever or separate from other, to put apart. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Flower It must be always observ'd that Ranunculus's and Tulips be put apart, in..separate Beds. 1796 F. Burney Camilla III. vi. xvi. 462 Her mind was filled with other matters; and the gown was put apart. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 45 With beating heart He put the hawthorn twigs apart. 1892 R. L. Stevenson Across Plains i. 26 I had been but a latent emigrant; now I was to be branded once more, and put apart with my fellows. 1903 N.Y. Times 15 Nov. 28/5 Their cabinet size and the peculiarities of their coloring are reasons for putting them apart. 1954 M. M. Ross Poetry & Dogma ii. 49 In his [sc. Zwingli's] thought, symbol and fact are fully and finally put apart. 2005 S. Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 13 Aug. 28 He thought that his poetry, if anything, was what put him apart from other writers. to put aside 1. transitive. To set, move, or place to one side; to part, separate. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 67^v Eueriche dede body hatte..sepultus, I-buried, for he is I-put a side [L. seorsum pulsus], I-buryed vndir þerþe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Susanna 51 Put these two asyde one from another. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique v. xxiii. 725 They put the meale aside with their stirrers. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxv. 175 Hee that..shall with a needle put aside the short and sheathie cases on their [sc. the earwigs'] backe, may extend and draw forth two winges. View more context for this quotation a1763 T. Godfrey Prince of Parthia (1765) i. ii. 106 Didst thou observe the croud, their eagerness, Each put the next aside to catch a look? 1790 J. Hurdis Poems 77 A sudden effort put her veil aside. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 139 All the women,..sitting bolt upright,..their feet cuddled up, under their petticoats—or put aside. 1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. II. v. 109 My poor lathen dagger puts aside Each pass o' the Bilboa. 1988 P. Fussell Taking it all off in Balkans 209 Effeminate or butch mannerisms don't do much to define identity..once the drapes are put aside. 2. transitive. a. To place or set out of use or consideration; to cease to make use of. Also figurative: to disregard, reject, dismiss. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > discard from use to cast asidea1420 to throw aside1532 to put, set or lay by1535 to throw down1548 to throw by1582 to cast by1599 supersede1642 slab1835 to put aside1872 a1450 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 93 (MED) I wante my wille, and euel fare y, Fro worldly merþe put o syde. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 47 (MED) The seyd Prior..shuld calle the partyes & here the cause by-twene hem, appele put a-syde..&..he shuld make a dewe ende by-twene hem. 1542 T. Becon Newe Pathway vnto Praier xxix. sig. M.vij Y^t al Ante christes, Papistes [etc.]..submoued & put asyde, true Euangelystes..maye reygne among vs vniuersallye. 1583 R. Greene Mamillia 35 I wil now put al fear aside: for a faint hart was neuer fauoured of fortune. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xx. viii. 156 Putting aside flatterie, the very nourice of vices, set your mind upon iustice. 1693 A. Wood Diary 15 June in A. Clark Life & Times A. Wood (1894) III. 424 Peter Wood of that house stood; put aside, as 'twas then said, because he was too precise and religious and therefore not fit to make a societie man. 1739 J. Miller Hosp. for Fools 8 A very palpable Folly indeed. Mercury, put him aside too. 1788 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) IV. 194 I put aside the disagreeable feel of exciting that wonder. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. i. iii. 125 Let us put aside theories and disputable points. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton ii She told him he must put aside his uniform while in England. 1895 R. L. Stevenson Amateur Emigrant 96 We had on board with us a man whose evidence it would not do to put aside. 1914 St. Nicholas May 609/2 Most pitchers at this stage put aside the spitter, and use the fast ball. 1973 K. Lines Greek Legends 63 Desiring adventure, he put aside the lyre, and leaving his cradle went abroad. 2001 Spectator 7 July 18/3 For a month I put aside the books and the music, and watched TV. b. To set apart, reserve, or store for future use or consideration, or to be dealt with in a certain way; esp. to set aside (money, etc.) against future need. Cf. to put away 3c at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve reservea1382 keepa1400 sparea1400 savea1450 to put by1568 to put aside1569 to set byc1595 sepose1609 seposit1657 to lay aside1711 to set away1747 to lay by1786 to lay (also put) past1847 to put away1861 1569 T. Becon Princ. Christian Relig. (new ed.) sig. Hvii As concerning the gathering for the Sainctes, let euery one of you, vpon some Sabbaoth day, put aside & lay vp what soeuer is meete. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xv. 93 The dung put aside for the fatting of the medowes. 1654 E. Leigh Syst. Divinity vi. xxix. 597 He must..put aside some such summe as his present abundance may well spare. 1805 Kirby's Wonderful & Eccentric Museum 3 17 He went into the kitchen, took some nuts which had been put aside for him, cracked them with his teeth and began to eat them. 1888 G. Gissing Life's Morning III. xix. 110 The shopman put them aside, to be made into a parcel. 1925 Amer. Mercury Feb. 176/2 Every man over the age of forty should put aside a certain amount of money each year for use as a nonsense fund. 1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 96 He broke the matzoth, and put one aside—called the Aphiqomon—which was to be eaten after supper. 1991 J. Chang Wild Swans (1993) vi. 173 From the moment a baby girl was born, her mother would start putting things aside for her dowry. to put away †1. transitive. To drive away, repel; (also) to deflect (a blow). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel recoil?c1225 to turn againc1330 to put awayc1350 rebukec1380 to put abacka1382 to put againa1382 again-puta1400 rebut?a1425 repeal?a1425 retroylc1425 rebatea1475 repel?a1475 repulse?a1475 to put backa1500 refel1548 revert1575 rembar1588 to beat back1593 rebeat1595 reject1603 repress1623 rambarrea1630 stave1631 refringe1692 slap-back1931 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) cxviii. 10 (MED) Ne putt me nouȝt owaie [L. ne repellas me] fram þyne comaundementz. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 202 The magnas draweþ to Iren in o cornere and putteþ it away in anoþer corner. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 271 Sir Launcelot..put the stroke away of that one gyaunte. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/2 I dyd put hym awaye as harde as I coulde. 2. a. transitive. To set aside, renounce, abjure; to dismiss from one's mind. Formerly also: †to abolish, reject, put an end to (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to astintc700 stathea1200 atstuntc1220 to put an end toa1300 to set end ofa1300 batec1300 stanch1338 stinta1350 to put awayc1350 arrestc1374 finisha1375 terminec1390 achievea1393 cease1393 removec1405 terminate?a1425 stop1426 surceasec1435 resta1450 discontinue1474 adetermine1483 blina1500 stay1525 abrogatea1529 suppressa1538 to set in or at stay1538 to make stay of1572 depart1579 check1581 intercept1581 to give a stop toa1586 dirempt1587 date1589 period1595 astayc1600 nip1600 to break off1607 snape1631 sist1635 to make (a) stop of1638 supersede1643 assopiatea1649 periodizea1657 unbusya1657 to put a stop to1679 to give the holla to1681 to run down1697 cessate1701 end1737 to choke off1818 stopper1821 punctuate1825 to put a stopper on1828 to take off ——1845 still1850 to put the lid on1873 on the fritz1900 to close down1903 to put the fritz on something1910 to put the bee on1918 switch1921 to blow the whistle on1934 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to undoc950 shendOE forfarea1000 endc1000 to do awayOE aquenchc1175 slayc1175 slayc1175 stathea1200 tinea1300 to-spilla1300 batec1300 bleschea1325 honisha1325 leesea1325 wastec1325 stanch1338 corrumpa1340 destroy1340 to put awayc1350 dissolvec1374 supplanta1382 to-shend1382 aneantizec1384 avoidc1384 to put outa1398 beshenda1400 swelta1400 amortizec1405 distract1413 consumec1425 shelfc1425 abroge1427 downthringc1430 kill1435 poisonc1450 defeat1474 perish1509 to blow away1523 abrogatea1529 to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529 dash?1529 to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531 put in the pot1531 wipea1538 extermine1539 fatec1540 peppera1550 disappoint1563 to put (also set) beside the saddle1563 to cut the throat of1565 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to make a hand of (also on, with)1569 demolish1570 to break the neck of1576 to make shipwreck of1577 spoil1578 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579 cipher1589 ruinate1590 to cut off by the shins1592 shipwreck1599 exterminate1605 finish1611 damnify1612 ravel1614 braina1616 stagger1629 unrivet1630 consummate1634 pulverizea1640 baffle1649 devil1652 to blow up1660 feague1668 shatter1683 cook1708 to die away1748 to prove fatal (to)1759 to knock up1764 to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834 to put the kibosh on1834 to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835 kibosh1841 to chaw up1843 cooper1851 to jack up1870 scuttle1888 to bugger up1891 jigger1895 torpedo1895 on the fritz1900 to put paid to1901 rot1908 down and out1916 scuppera1918 to put the skids under1918 stonker1919 liquidate1924 to screw up1933 cruel1934 to dig the grave of1934 pox1935 blow1936 to hit for six1937 to piss up1937 to dust off1938 zap1976 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xvii. 25 Ich ne putted nouȝt hys riȝt~wysnesse oway fram me. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 361 (MED) Þes newe ordris..semen alle Anticristis proctours, to putte awey Cristis ordenaunce, and magnefie þer newe sectis. ?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 300 Philip of Valeys..cast & purposed..to put awey þe sege. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 2 §5 It [shall] be laufull to ij of the Justices..to rejecte and put awey comen ale selling in Tounes. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xliii. 143 Put awaye thy dyspleasure and perdon me. 1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xviii. sig. L1^v I will put away this sleepy Humour, for it is an extreame spender. 1689 C. Mather Memorable Providences sig. b6^v Let all Back-biting, and all Evil-surmising be put away from among you. 1738 J. Wesley Let. 7 July (1931) I. 252 But may we utterly put away all anger, and wrath, and malice, and bitterness, and evil-speaking. 1807 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXVII. 16173 He cannot put the party truster to dispute the validity of their rights when he hath put the same away. 1873 M. Oliphant Innocent xxviii Ask God to put it away out of your mind. 1890 Universal Rev. 15 June 204 That is the last vanity that man learns to put away. 1924 M. Baring C xii. 132 C. walked to the Park..and, putting away from him all thoughts of French literature, took out a pocket Keats. 1995 K. Martin Dream ix. 123 She pointed to a red-tailed hawk that circled out over a canyon and he knew for sure she had finally put away her fears. †b. transitive. To drive out or away (a disease, etc.); to dispel; to efface, obliterate; to do away with, get rid of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > eradicate or extirpate fornimOE to put awaya1382 outroot?a1425 unroot?a1425 out-razec1425 to pluck up1484 avell1530 sweep1560 depopulate1576 ruina1586 assoil1596 to lay aside1596 untop1598 displant1603 float1606 to take off1619 amolish1624 uproota1639 eradicate1647 to lay by1681 to polish off1827 uprend1911 to zero out1951 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > do away with or eradicate to do awayOE to do outOE to put awaya1382 outroot?a1425 to set awayc1430 to set apart1455 roota1500 weed1526 ridc1540 root1565 displace1580 root1582 put1584 eradicate1647 eliminate1650 eruncate1651 to knock out1883 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of refusea1387 to be rid of (also on)c1450 beskyfte1470 to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on?a1500 to claw off1514 get1558 to put away1577 to get rid of1591 quit1606 to get off with1719 ding1753 shoot1805 to stay shet of1837 shuck1848 shunt1858 shake1872 to dust off1938 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. i. 27 Þe drede of þe lord putteþ awei [L. expellit] synne. a1398 (a1349) R. Rolle Commandm. of Love (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 70 (MED) Set þi luf on his nome, Ihesu..for..it putteth awey wicked dredes and vices. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 49 (MED) The ensens he brent to put away þe stench of þe stabull. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 108 It vtterly stauncheth and putteth awaye cleane the Canker. 1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 82 If after thou of Garlike strong, the sauour wilt expell: A Mard is sure the onely meane, to put away the smell. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 374 As if one, to put away one spot in his face, should wash himself in puddle mire. 1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. v. xiii. 317 If the womb be subject to a hot and dry distemper, you must put away choler from the Liver, and from the whole body. 1723 R. Riccaltoun Enq. Present Differences in Church of Scotl. vii. 270 They have an Advocate before the Throne, who..having at once put away Sin by the Sacrifice of himself,..hath for ever perfected them. 1764 D. Monro Acct. Dis. Brit. Mil. Hosp. 180 Their [sc. agues] being sometimes put away by a Stimulous externally applied, or by a Fright, or sudden Plunge into cold Water. 1799 Ann. Med. 1796 (ed. 2) 1 368 He had taken some hot ale with pepper, as he said, ‘to put away the cold in his back, and the puking’. c. transitive. To dismiss or get rid of (a person, occasionally also an animal); to send away from one's presence; to exclude; (frequently) spec. to divorce. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss or discharge to put awaya1387 discharge1428 dismiss1477 to put out of wages1542 discard1589 to turn away1602 to put off1608 disemploy1619 to pay off1648 to pay off1651 to turn out1667 to turn off1676 quietus1688 strip1756 trundle1794 unshop1839 shopc1840 to lay off1841 sack1841 drop1845 to give (a person) the shoot1846 bag1848 swap1862 fire1879 to knock off1881 bounce1884 to give (a person) the pushc1886 to give (a person) the boot or the order of the boot1888 bump1899 spear1911 to strike (a medical practitioner, etc.) off the register1911 terminate1920 tramp1941 shitcan1961 pink slip1966 dehire1970 resize1975 to give a person his jotters1990 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject awarpc1000 forwerpeOE warpc1000 nillOE warnc1300 reprovec1350 to put abacka1382 to throw awaya1382 repugnc1384 to put awaya1387 waivec1386 forshoota1400 disavowc1400 defyc1405 disprovec1430 repelc1443 flemea1450 to put backa1500 reject?1504 refutea1513 repulse1533 refel1548 repudiate1548 disallowa1555 project?1567 expel1575 discard1578 overrule1578 forsay1579 check1601 decard1605 dismiss1608 reprobate1609 devow1610 retorta1616 disclaimc1626 noforsootha1644 respuate1657 reluctate1668 negative1778 no-ball1862 basket1867 to set one's foot down1873 not to have any (of it, that, this)1895 to put down1944 eighty-six1959 neg1987 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > divorce or dissolution > dissolve (a marriage) [verb (transitive)] > divorce (a spouse) to put awaya1387 divorce1387 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 269 Þe kyng putte away [?a1475 anon. tr. refusede; L. repudiat] his laweful wif. c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 27 (MED) And putte away fulle mony of ȝour men and halde butte on, quere ȝe hald ten. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 71 Let vs..putte a~way and remoue bisshopes and prestis that they be noȝt drawyn in helle for deceyuyng. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xix. f. xxvj^v Whosoever putteth awaye his wyfe (except hit be for fornicacion) and maryeth another, breaked wedlocke. 1599 Aycliffe Reg. in Sir C. Sharp Chron. Mirab. (1841) 36 Put away such servants..as wyll not usually come to churche. 1682 T. Shadwell Medal of John Bayes (1843) II. Ep. A He..has perform'd it so dully, that if you put him away..No body else will take him. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 114 If..he should take the Advantage the Law would give him, he might put me away with disdain. 1856 Times 4 July 8/5 The bill..would give to the comparatively wealthy the power of putting away their wives. 1919 S. Angus Environment Early Christianity iii. 46 Men could put away their wives for the slightest cause, and women could as easily divorce their husbands. 1948 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 54 17/1 There are instances of Moslem men..putting away their wives in order to secure a Creole bride. 1969 B. Head When Rain Clouds Gather ix. 131 You must never, never put anyone away from you as not being your brother. 1999 B. Blackburn & L. Holford-Strevens Oxf. Compan. Year 212 In many cathedrals secular canons, often of noble birth, were compelled to put away their wives. d. transitive. To dispose of, sell, or exchange (property, goods, etc.); to part with. Now rare.In 18th and 19th centuries frequently with the implication of fraud or illegality; cf. to put off 9a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] to sell awayc1230 to set to (for, on) sale, a-salec1275 sella1330 to make sale (of)c1430 market1455 to make penny of1464 vent1478 to put away1574 dispatch1592 money1598 vent1602 to put off1631 vend1651 hawk1713 realize1720 mackle1724 neat1747 to sell over1837 unload1884 flog1919 move1938 shift1976 c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 24/2 Of lande of conquest to put away [L. De alienacione terre de conquestu]. 1488 Cely Papers in Eng. Stud. (1961) 42 145 I put awey in the eschaunge of theym [sc. groats] euery pece for ij s. j d. Flem. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus f. 19^v Than euery one of them setteth his shiftes abroche,..some with hauinge outelandishe syluer coynes guylded, to put away at a tyme for good gold. 1574 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1899) XX. 467 To sell..and put away his landis, heretagis, [etc.]. 1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 61 To sell give or putt away anye part of the landes. a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1826) (modernized text) II. 348 He took two skins and a half..which he carried to Mr. Cutting's ship, and put it away there for twenty-four shillings. 1703 Athenian Oracle II. 551 For those who buy such [sc. counterfeit] Money on purpose to put it away, there's hardly any will endeavour to excuse 'em. 1721 Compl. Coll. Remarkable Tryals Old Bailey IV. 165 These Allegations the Council for the Prisoner endeavour'd to obviate,..saying, that a man might put away false Money unknowingly. 1865 Leaves from Diary Celebrated Burglar 136/2 The ‘swag’ was overhauled, and a council held as to its probable value and who to ‘put it away’ to. 1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society xiv. 301 He was advised to ‘put it [sc. an automobile] away’, meaning to sell it, until the church could come to a unanimous decision. e. transitive. To kill (a person); to put (an animal) down. Also: to bury, dispose of the remains of (a dead person). Now colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)] bedelveOE begraveOE burya1000 beburyc1000 bifel-ec1000 layc1000 to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE tombc1275 gravec1300 inter1303 rekec1330 to lap in leadc1340 to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340 lie1387 to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400 to lay lowa1425 earthc1450 sepulture1490 to put awaya1500 tyrea1500 mould1530 to graith in the grave1535 ingrave1535 intumulate1535 sepult1544 intumil?c1550 yird1562 shrinea1566 infera1575 entomb1576 sepelite1577 shroud1577 funeral1578 to load with earth1578 delve1587 to lay up1591 sepulchrize1595 pit-hole1607 infuneral1610 mool1610 inhumate1612 inurna1616 inhume1616 pit1621 tumulate1623 sepulchrea1626 turf1628 underlay1639 urna1657 to lay to sleep, asleep1701 envaulta1745 plant1785 ensepulchre1820 sheugh1839 to put under1879 to lay away1885 the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vi. l. 1554 Swa gert he..Be slayne to ded and put away Þe Denmarkis, þat tyme þat he fande [etc.]. 1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. A4^v Deuising with himself a long time how he might best put away Egistus without suspition of treacherous murder, hee concluded at last to poyson him. 1847 A. Brontë Agnes Grey xiv. 205 A reward, I should have greatly valued..were he [sc. a dog] not now in danger of being ‘put away’. 1896 Mrs. H. Ward Sir George Tressady 148 It's three weeks now sen they put him away. 1917 Denton (Maryland) Jrnl. 8 Sept. 1/5 Hang your tag on my cot, and when I am put away as Ralph Hethrington you will be Alan Hethrington. 1932 E. Waugh Black Mischief viii. 311 The dogs had long been rounded up and painlessly put away. 1971 E. Lemarchand Death on Doomsday ix. 137 I'd like to see old Peplow put away decently. 1985 E. Leonard Glitz xxvi. 225 Pull out the old Smith and put him away. One shot. f. transitive. colloquial. To send to prison; to commit to or confine in an institution. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)] beclosec1000 setc1100 steekc1175 prison?c1225 adightc1275 imprison1297 laya1325 keepc1330 presentc1380 locka1400 throwc1422 commise1480 clapc1530 shop1548 to lay up1565 incarcerate1575 embar1590 immure1598 hole1608 trunk1608 to keep (a person) darka1616 carceir1630 enjaila1631 pocket1631 bridewell1733 bastille1745 cage1805 quod1819 bag1824 carcerate1839 to send down1840 jug1841 slough1848 to send up1852 to put away1859 warehouse1881 roundhouse1889 smug1896 to bang up1950 society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > in institution institutionalize1905 to put away1938 warehouse1972 the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > drive mad [verb (transitive)] > certify or commit to take away1834 certify1877 to put away1938 1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 70 Put away, locked up; imprisoned. 1869 J. Greenwood Seven Curses London vii. 90 The handkerchief wot's put up to raffle here is the wery identical one that I was put away for. 1883 Daily Tel. 4 Aug. 2/1 Having been ‘put away’ since the previous October..and only just now released. 1938 N. Marsh Death in White Tie xvi. 179 She became hopelessly insane... He arranged to have her put away. 1952 Sun (Baltimore) 2 June 14/3 There is less social pressure on people to make a place for grandparents at home, less feeling that it would be disgraceful to have them put away. 1996 D. Brimson & E. Brimson Everywhere we Go ix. 135 The police can be after you in minutes and will have the evidence they need to put you away. †g. slang. To put in pawn, to pawn. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > borrow money [verb (transitive)] > pawn to give (also have, lay, put, take) to pledgec1384 to set, put, lay to or in wedc1384 engage1525 pawn1570 to lay (up) in lavender1584 impawn1598 oppignorate1622 pignorate1623 dip1640 to put to lumber1671 vamp1699 pop1731 sweatc1800 spout1811 lumber1819 up the spout1819 hock1878 soak1882 to put away1887 1887 Daily News 22 Oct. 3/3 They have clothes and household effects..which, if need be, they can ‘put away’ during the winter. 1909 J. Galsworthy Silver Box i. iii. 32 Mrs. Jones. We've been obliged to put away most of our things. Barthwick. Put your things away! You mean to—to—er—to pawn them? 1926 G. H. Maines & B. Grant Wise-crack Dict. 12/1 Putting away his ice, pawning his diamond. 3. a. transitive. To put (something) out of one's hands, or out of immediate use, into a container or receptacle; to store or stow away. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > deposit or put away to put upc1330 to lay up?a1366 leavea1375 disposec1420 stowc1485 reposea1500 repose?c1525 commit1531 reject1541 dispatcha1566 tuck1587 to put away1607 reposit1630 repositate1716 to stow away1795 park1908 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 650 That which swimmeth aboue in the manner of fat, they scum it off with their handes, and put it away in a vessell of Tinne. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. xvi. 289 My House-Keeper was gone abroad, and has locked up all my Rooms;..she hath likewise put away all my Linnen. View more context for this quotation 1798 J. Austen Let. 27 Oct. (1995) 17 The Books from Winton are all unpacked & put away. ?1807 T. Jefferson Memorandum in H. W. Pierson Jefferson at Monticello (1862) iii. 47 The toll of the mill is to be put away in the two garners. 1843 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 4 ii. 398 The fruit should be..carefully put away in bins. 1890 Illustr. London News 13 Sept. 330/1 Searching for the spectacles he had put away overnight. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables iii. 42 To bed, when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla. 1941 E. Bowen In Square in Coll. Stories (1980) 610 The lamps were fewer; some had been put away with the bric-a-brac that used to be on the tables. 1987 E. Feinstein Captive Lion iii. 62 Marina decided everything, including the time when toys had to be put away and when Alya was to go to bed. 2004 J. Burchill Sugar Rush (2005) 28 She put her phone away and took out a mirror and lipstick. b. transitive. colloquial. To consume (food or drink), esp. in large quantities. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)] brookc950 abiteOE haveOE afangOE takec1175 notea1200 usec1300 spendc1380 consumec1400 partake1602 pree1680 discuss1751 tuck1784 to put down1795 to be (also go) at the ——1796 go1830 kill1833 to put away1839 down1852 to put over1880 to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880 shift1896 1839 New World 2 Nov. 4/3 The way she cood make injin cakes, and the way I wood slick 'em over with molasses and put 'em away, was nothin to nobody. 1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour III. xii. 184 I never saw a man put away such an enormous quantity of provisions at one time. 1924 A. Huxley Little Mexican 225 She did like boasting about the amount of champagne she could put away without getting buffy. 1969 G. Greene Trav. with my Aunt i. viii. 76 Between us we can probably put away half a bottle of vodka. 1994 A. Gurnah Paradise (1995) 194 What a loud-mouth! And did you see how much food he put away? c. transitive. To lay aside or save up (money, etc.) for future use. Cf. to put by 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve reservea1382 keepa1400 sparea1400 savea1450 to put by1568 to put aside1569 to set byc1595 sepose1609 seposit1657 to lay aside1711 to set away1747 to lay by1786 to lay (also put) past1847 to put away1861 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations xxxix, in All Year Round 11 May 147 I've put away money, only for you to spend. 1921 V. Eliot Let. 23 Aug. (1988) I. 465 We want to open an account here in your name and put that money away for you so that you shall have a small fund..ready for you when you come back. 1986 O. P. Adisa Bake-Face & Other Guava Stories 4 Those who have not been frugal enough to put away a few pennies during the season. 2005 Baby & You Feb. 38/2 You can also set up a direct debit so you can put away a regular amount every month. 4. transitive. slang. To inform against, betray; to give (a person) up to the police. Now rare (Australian in later use). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 meldeOE bimeldena1300 forgabc1394 to blow up?a1400 outsay?a1400 detectc1449 denounce1485 ascry1523 inform1526 promote1550 peach1570 blow1575 impeach1617 wheedle1710 split1795 snitch1801 cheep1831 squeal1846 to put away1858 spot1864 report1869 squawk1872 nose1875 finger1877 ruck1884 to turn over1890 to gag on1891 shop1895 pool1907 run1909 peep1911 pot1911 copper1923 finger1929 rat1932 to blow the whistle on1934 grass1936 rat1969 to put in1975 turn1977 1858 Times 12 Apr. 11/3 He made up his mind to put him away as he (Bennett) had..tried with witness's wife. 1864 in Comments on Etymol. (1988) Mar. 10 His treacherous conduct in trying to ‘put us away’ to the Leeds' coppers. 1890 Argus (Melbourne) 2 Aug. 4/3 It's all right, mate; I won't put you away. 1901 H. Lawson Joe Wilson & his Mates ii. 283 I'll go straight across to the police camp and put you away, and I don't care if you lose your licence. 5. transitive. a. Sport. To hit, return, or strike (a ball, etc.) successfully, esp. in such a way as to score or to defeat one's opponent. Also (chiefly Rugby): to pass the ball to (a player in scoring position). ΚΠ 1879 Washington Post 11 July 1/1 Baker put the ball away over in the left field and made first. 1927 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 20 Sept. 6/4 Even when he did gain the barrier and had the ball covered he could not always put it away. 1957 Times 9 Sept. 12/4 He knocked on when Roberts put him away with wide open spaces in front of him. 1971 B. C. Pelton Badminton ii. vi. 51 The smash or overhead smash is a shot used to ‘kill’ or ‘put away’ any shot higher than the level of the net. 1991 Observer 22 Sept. 48/2 The ball went right to Guscott, who made another half-break and found support before Andrew put Underwood away to score. 2003 O. Shine Lang. Tennis 73 She raced on to a short ball, lifted a lob right over Davenport's head and then put away the volley with aplomb. b. Sport (originally U.S.). To make sure of victory in (a game) or over (an opponent, team, etc.). ΚΠ 1905 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 27 July 1/1 In the first and fourth innings the Goodnows added enough runs to put the game away. 1935 Hamburg (Iowa) Reporter 11 July 1/1 Council Bluffs got to Audubon in about the sixth inning and put them away Friday morning. 1968 Los Angeles Times 26 Apr. iii. 1/5 It frustrated the Celtics that they couldn't put the Lakers away..with Baylor (foul trouble) out of the lineup for 18 minutes. 1980 R. Mayer 1937 Newark Bears ix. 127 Beggs..induced Madura to hit a ground ball..for the third and last out. Then McQuinn put it away in the thirteenth by blasting his second home run of the game. 2004 Independent (Nexis) 26 Feb. It's a pity that we wasted so many scoring chances... Just those three alone had several chances to put the game away. to put back †1. transitive. To renounce, set aside; to revoke. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest > again to put back1435 reinvest1749 revest1790 the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] fordoOE allayOE withdrawc1290 withclepe13.. again-callc1390 to call againc1390 repealc1390 revokec1400 unmakec1400 rive1415 annulc1425 abroge1427 uncommandc1430 discharge?a1439 retreatc1443 retract1501 cancela1513 abrogate?1520 dissolve1526 extinct1531 rescind1531 abrenounce1537 infringe1543 recall1565 unwrite1577 extinguish1590 exauctorate1593 relinquish1594 unact1594 to strike off1597 undecide1601 unpass1606 to take off1609 to draw back1610 reclaim1615 to put back1616 abrenunciate1618 unrip1622 supersedeate1641 to set off1642 unassure1643 unorder1648 to ask away1649 disdetermine1651 unbespeak1661 undecree1667 reassumea1675 off-break1702 circumduct1726 raise1837 resiliate1838 denounce1841 disorder1852 pull1937 R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 58 Rightwes forsoyth with-oute cessyng to Ioy of godis sight all fenydnes put bak; with hart, mouth, & deed þai tent. 1616 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 468 All subsidies and saulf conducts..whatsoever shalbe put back and extinguished. 2. transitive. To lower in status, position, or condition; to retard the advance or progress of.In quot. c1475: †to deprive (a person) of something (obsolete). ΚΠ c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 183 (MED) We had be put bakke of oure prosperite. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Hi^v Sodenly promotyd, and sodenly put backe..Sodenly commendyd, and sodenly fynde a lacke. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hosea iv. 17 Their dronckennesse hath put them backe, & brought them to whordome. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §354 An ouerdrie nourishment in child~hood putteth back stature. 1792 T. Paine Rights of Man: Pt. Second v. 118 The annual expenditure might be put back to one million and an half. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. 622/2 Pig-iron, a flat piece of iron, which the cook interposes between the fire and meat roasting, when she wants to retard, or put back that operation. 1872 ‘S. Coolidge’ What Katy Did xiii. 227 You must be careful,..or you'll be laid up again. A course of fever would put you back for years. 1892 Field 7 May 695/1 Their one mistake..should not have..put them back to second place. 1915 W. Cather Song of Lark vi. iii. 403 The next few months would put her five years ahead, or would put her back so far that it would be of no use to struggle further. 1968 Elyria (Ohio) Chron.-Telegram 9 Mar. 23/1 The establishment of a commission to study..moral, ethical, legal and sociological considerations of transplants ‘would..put progress back a lot’. 1990 J. Butler Old & Rare Breeds Poultry 22 The small table carcasses have been put back a little in the markets on account of leg colour. †3. transitive. To force back, repulse; to refuse, reject. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject awarpc1000 forwerpeOE warpc1000 nillOE warnc1300 reprovec1350 to put abacka1382 to throw awaya1382 repugnc1384 to put awaya1387 waivec1386 forshoota1400 disavowc1400 defyc1405 disprovec1430 repelc1443 flemea1450 to put backa1500 reject?1504 refutea1513 repulse1533 refel1548 repudiate1548 disallowa1555 project?1567 expel1575 discard1578 overrule1578 forsay1579 check1601 decard1605 dismiss1608 reprobate1609 devow1610 retorta1616 disclaimc1626 noforsootha1644 respuate1657 reluctate1668 negative1778 no-ball1862 basket1867 to set one's foot down1873 not to have any (of it, that, this)1895 to put down1944 eighty-six1959 neg1987 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel recoil?c1225 to turn againc1330 to put awayc1350 rebukec1380 to put abacka1382 to put againa1382 again-puta1400 rebut?a1425 repeal?a1425 retroylc1425 rebatea1475 repel?a1475 repulse?a1475 to put backa1500 refel1548 revert1575 rembar1588 to beat back1593 rebeat1595 reject1603 repress1623 rambarrea1630 stave1631 refringe1692 slap-back1931 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 460 (MED) Thourgh his prowesse thei were putte bakke and chaced to the town. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/1 He had thought to take orders at this tyme, but he was put backe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras iii. 16 As for Iacob thou didest chose him and put backe Esau. 1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. D3 Be thou not slacke, To proffer though she put thee back. c1650 (a1500) Eger & Grime (Percy) (1933) 840 That noble brand,..It was never won by no strength, Nor yet put back by its own length. 1665 Oxf. Gaz. No. 3/4 Thursday last the Drake Friggot, and a Ketch with Goods,..were put back by the storms. 1711 tr. Plutarch Lives III. 243 Archelaus put back from hence, bent his Forces upon Chæronea. 1793 C. Smith Old Manor House IV. iv. 86 Putting back with his hand the servants who would have opposed his passage, he went up stairs. 1820 T. Dibdin Fate of Calas iii. 33 Ambroise tries to escape up the steps towards the judgement hall, but is put back by the officer of the guards. 1892 Times 28 Nov. 10/4 [He] put back the crowd and got a policeman to take Brogan into the booth. 1915 F. M. Hueffer Good Soldier vi. 281 If she thinks the man has been a brute to his wife she will, with her instinctive feeling for suffering femininity, ‘put him back’. 4. intransitive. Nautical. To reverse course, turn back; to return to the port of departure. Cf. sense 9c. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > reverse one's course to put back1605 1605 J. Rosier True Relation Voy. G. Waymouth sig. A4 This was in the latitude of 41 degrees, 20 minuts: wherefore we were constrained to put backe againe from the land. 1666 London Gaz. No. 55/4 The wind coming short upon them off of Scheveling, they were forced to put back. 1757 G. G. Beekman Let. 4 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 288 As no Other Vessel Appears nor Orders from Your Place it is Generally thought none will in season since the Colouden has put back. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 247 My aunt desired her brother to order the boatmen to put back to Kinghorn. 1859 K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. Introd. 6 The latter vessel..having a few days previously been compelled to ‘put back’, owing to..having sprung a leak. 1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 27 Feb. 136/2 The Kate..put back to Salcombe. 1943 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. 8 July 5/2 Aren't you going to put back, Captain? 1987 Ships Monthly July 35/1 Three ships subsequently suffered ice damage and put back. 2003 West Briton (Nexis) 25 Sept. 47 The weather was so bad that the ship had to put back and run for Falmouth. 5. transitive. a. transitive. To restore to a former place or position; to replace. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > again or in previous position restorec1425 repone?1440 repose?1440 remise1481 replace1587 recollocate1598 reimplace1611 to put backa1625 refit1649 retroduce1659 relodge1660 reposit1800 reship1804 reshift1822 reset1829 a1625 Pageant of Moyses in Stonyhurst Pageants (1920) 49 Putt back agayne into thy bosome lett yt bee. 1673 H. Chamberlen tr. F. Mauriceau Accomplisht Midwife ii. xxiv. 201 The Chirurgeon perceiving the Child to come with the Breech foremost, ought to put it back, if he can. 1719 tr. P. Dionis Gen. Treat. Midwifery vii. 275 So soon as she perceives that the Bottom of the Womb comes out with the After-Burden, she ought to separate it from it, and put it back into its place. 1796 St. G. Tucker Probationary Odes Jonathan Pindar xiv. 95 Emptying half the wheat as he'd been taught, Into its place the skipple-stone puts back. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 253 I'll pit back the pick and shool whar I got them. 1863 A. Trollope Rachel Ray II. iv. 66 He slowly refolded the paper and put it back into its envelope. 1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. iii. 47 We'd best put it back on the rug where we found it. 1953 J. Masefield Conway (ed. 2) iii. 164 Next term, arriving back with no grommet in my cap as an ‘old hand’, and promptly being told to put it back. 2006 New Yorker 23 Jan. 81/2 He picked up a pair of sunglasses with diamanté studs but put them back again. b. Frequently with into. (a) transitive. To replace (nutrients, etc.) in cultivated ground. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. Cf. to plough back 1 at plough v. Phrasal verbs. ΚΠ 1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 23 Jan. 126/2 The writings of the great dead..would have insensibly watered and reenriched the ground which he [sc. Dickens] was continually using up without ever putting any thing back into it. 1903 Kingston (Jamaica) Gleaner 16 Apr. 9/1 The moral is that cultivators should look to put back into the soil what they take out. 1964 Times 18 May 11/2 Through his desire to put something back into the game which had given him so much pleasure, he came to occupy the highest posts of honour. 1992 Independent 3 Mar. 5 (advt.) Whatever we take out of the land, we always make sure we put plenty back. (b) transitive. spec. To reinvest (income or profit) in the enterprise producing it; = to plough back 2 at plough v. Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest > in specific way to lock up1692 to tie up1822 to plough back1912 to put back1912 1912 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 20 Apr. (advt.) It has been necessary to put a part..of our profits back into the car. 1942 D. Powell Time to be Born (1943) ii. 44 The profits..had been..put back into the business, new office equipment, printing, one thing and another. 2005 Gloucestershire Echo (Nexis) 16 July 7 The money we raise through sales is put back into the business. 6. a. transitive. To adjust (a timepiece) so as to show an earlier time; to move (the hands of a clock) back for this purpose. Also figurative. See also to put the clock back at clock n.¹ and adv. Phrases 5. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set setc1400 temper1538 roll1583 rule1595 winda1616 to wind upa1616 to set forwarda1627 to set back1635 regulate1665 to put back1704 to put forward1741 to put on1826 time1873 1704 T. Gale Serm. Holy-days 51 Others of them think they can work Wonders in Chronology, and therefore will needs put back Hezekiah's Clock for so many years. 1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 42 When you find that you cannot get Dinner ready at the Time appointed, put the Clock back. 1836 W. Dunlap Thirty Years Ago xviii. 157 Allen, asking Spiffard for his watch, and putting it back twenty minutes, said, ‘there now, it is exactly ten minutes too fast.’ 1868 Ld. Lytton Orval (1869) 234 Orval. It is too late. Panurge. Listen! We cannot put back time. 1881 E. Lynn Linton My Love! III. ix. 157 She had put back her age ten years at the least. 1918 V. Woolf Diary 2 Oct. (1977) I. 198 Our clocks were put back on Sunday night. 1972 Computer Jrnl. 15 191/2 The effect, of course, is to put the clock back to the time of the last dump and all updates made since then must be repeated. 2005 Kalgoorlie (W. Austral.) Miner (Nexis) 12 Apr. 2 Once at Perth, they put their watches back two hours which made it dinner time again. b. transitive. To cause to occur at a later time; to defer; to delay. Cf. to put off 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] forslowc888 eldc897 forsita940 gele971 lengOE drilla1300 delayc1300 onfrestc1300 tarryc1320 jornc1330 dretchc1380 defer1382 forbida1387 to put offa1387 to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393 dilate1399 fordrawa1400 to put overc1410 latch?c1422 adjournc1425 prolongc1425 proloynec1425 rejournc1425 to put in respite1428 sleuthc1430 respitea1450 prorogue1453 refer1466 sleep1470 supersede1482 respectc1487 postpone1496 overseta1500 respett1500 enjourna1513 relong1523 retract1524 tarde1524 track1524 to fode forth1525 tract1527 protract1528 further1529 to make stay of1530 surcease1530 prorogate1534 to fay upon longc1540 linger1543 retard?1543 slake1544 procrastine1548 reprieve1548 remit1550 suspense1556 leave1559 shiftc1562 suspend1566 procrastinate1569 dally1574 post1577 to hold off1580 drift1584 loiter1589 postpose1598 to take one's (own) timea1602 flag1602 slug1605 elong1610 belay1613 demur1613 tardya1616 to hang up1623 frist1637 disjourn1642 future1642 off1642 waive1653 superannuate1655 perendinate1656 stave1664 detard1675 remora1686 to put back1718 withhold1726 protract1737 to keep over1847 to hold over1853 laten1860 to lay over1885 hold1891 back-burner1975 1718 W. W. England’s Witty & Ingenious Jester (ed. 17) 32 The Gentleman seeing him a coming, bad his Servants put back his Dinner. 1763 Sophronia x. 85 Receiving several advertisements from the kitchen, that the dinner which had been put back an hour, would be spoiled. 1794 J. Woodforde Diary 14 June (1929) IV. 115 The Rain..put back our dinner till after 4 o'clock. 1849 H. W. Herbert Dermot O'Brien iv. 56 Say to her that I beseech her to put back the supper yet half an hour longer. 1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 189 The defeat of the former at Novara put back the unity of Italy. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxxv. 157 He took as long as he could over dressing in order to put back the moment of seeing her. 1959 Listener 24 Sept. 501/1 The take-over bid was made by A.B.C. who put back their usual production time by an hour. 2000 Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 12/2 Her transplant date had been put back because ‘the hospital realised it needed a five-day working week to sort things out’. 7. transitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). With complement: to cost (a person), set (a person) back a specified amount. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] > cost costc1400 to set back1900 to put back1909 1909 Dial. Notes 3 402 ‘How much did that put you back?’ ‘Six dollars.’ 1958 B. Ruck Third Love Lucky iv. 31 It puts you back five shillings for a quarter of an hour. 2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 7 July 72 A six-room apartment in the prosperous Friedenau district will put you back less than £200,000. † to put behind Obsolete. transitive. To put (a person or thing) into the background or into a subordinate position; to bring low; to disregard. ΚΠ c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 207 (MED) Þere þat richesse regneth..þe riche is reuerenced..Þere þe pore is put bihynde. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 358 (MED) Shrifte to God is put bihynde..but privy shrifte, newe founden, is autorisid as nedeful to soulis heele. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 1305 The pride off Nembroth ther was put behynde. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 90 Put not his bidding be hynd. ?1506 Lytell Geste Robyn Hode (de Worde) sig. D.i And there I holpe a pore yeman With wronge was put behynde. to put by 1. transitive. a. To thrust or set aside (literal and figurative); to reject, discount; to neglect, abandon. Formerly also: †to leave out, except; to stop, desist from (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclude [verb (transitive)] > except to take outc1175 out-takec1390 outnima1400 excludec1400 outcepta1470 reserve1523 except1530 exempt1548 to put by1594 abate1598 exemea1600 bate1619 rescinda1687 to tell out1812 to tell out of ——1812 exception1845 c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 448 (MED) He wexid so fond on hur at he..oft wolde hafe had at do with hur, and evur sho putt hym bye. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 237 Yat the said quene johanne mycht nocht put by the lyne of the successioun fra the rycht airis. ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Eviij^v Shal thys baggage, put by the word of God? 1594 T. Nashe Christs Teares (new ed.) To Rdr. Euen of the meanest and basest..I desire to bee thought fauorably of, onely the bloud of the Harueys put by. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 165 For Christian shame, put by this barbarous brawle. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 223 A Crowne..being offer'd him, he put it by with the backe of his hand. View more context for this quotation 1673 Sheriffhall Coal Acct. Bks. 12 July For aill to the workmen for putting by the watter in a greit storme. 1705 Boston News-let. 9 Apr. 2/2 The French Capt. presented a Pistol with a brace of Bullets to his breast, but Perkins put it by with his hand. 1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 24 May (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1547 He will be discouraged, put by, or trampled upon. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Diary 26 Apr. in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) II. 743 He has put by his Journey to Italy. 1828 F. Owen 26 Oct. in C. Darwin Corr. (2000) 69 My poor screens have been quite put by this week. 1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies ii. 184 There is no putting by that crown; queens you must always be. 1906 W. B. Yeats Poems (1997) 420 Put by these thoughts, And listen to me for a while. The sailors Are plotting for your death. 1964 W. Golding Spire v. 97 I have so much will, it puts all other business by. 2000 J. Freeman Evoke vii. 106 The brandy was put by and the two of them sipped decaf. †b. To turn aside, parry (a blow or thrust); (figurative) to ward off, avert (a threat, calamity, etc.). Formerly also intransitive. Obsolete (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > ward off harm > specifically a stroke or blow biberghOE keepc1175 repela1460 to put bya1530 ward1571 award1579 bucklera1616 guard1654 foil1841 a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 1792 He lete nowcht slay thame in Ingland, For till eschewe..blame, And be colowre to pwt by schame. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxv. sig. Pv He stept asyde..and well and warely put the stroke by. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) iii. iii. 104 Almanzor..charg'd him with so much vigour..that he scarce gave him leasure to put by, or avenge himselfe. 1682 J. Flavell Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) ii. 10 An imminent..evil, which we see not how to escape or put by. 1701 S. Wesley Hist. Old Test. in Verse 51 Interposing Heav'n put by the Blow. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxvii. 195 I was aware of his thrust, and put it by. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. vii. 414 I had the good fortune to put by all his thrusts. 1845 Bentley's Misc. 18 215 ‘Look to your brother,’ said Sainte-Croix, as he put by the furious thrusts of Henri. 1905 H. Pyle Story Champions Round Table i. viii. 72 But Sir Launcelot put by the blow with his sword so that it did him no harm. †c. To bar (a person) from a goal or purpose; to divert, turn away, or dissuade from; to distract. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xi. sig. G5 Which put by their young cosin from that expectation. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. xiii. sig. Aa3 Put by from thys, the Duke of Yorke dissignes Another course to bring his hopes about. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 125 Some thing or other ever came travers..and put him by. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 27 Considering..whether they should march to the Relief of Casal, but the Chimera of the Germans put them by. 1786 E. Burke Speech on Rohilla War Charge in Speeches & Writings (1981) VI. 98 Put by from this practice for a while—he appears to have resumed it and continued it..nearly to the last hour of his Government. 1794 R. Cumberland Jew iv. 46 You are pleas'd to be facetious, but your irony will not put me by from telling you that [etc.]. 1806 R. Cumberland Mem. (1807) II. 177 The well-considered remonstrances of some of his nearest friends..put him by from his resolve. †d. To evade (a question, demand, etc.); to avoid or deflect the questioning, demands, etc., of (a person). Cf. to put off 7a at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > treat with evasion to put by1618 to put off1630 stave1646 parry1687 to pass off1811 to stall off1819 to stand off1871 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > an argument elude1612 to put by1618 to put off1675 to shift offa1768 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > evade (responsibility or obligation) > a person or demand with an excuse to put off1569 fub1600 daffa1616 to put by1618 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > evade [verb (transitive)] > put off pop1530 to put off1569 to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1591 to shift offc1592 foist1598 to fob off1600 fub1600 to shuffle off1604 doffa1616 jig1633 to trump upa1640 whiffle1654 to fool off1664 sham1682 drill1752 to set off1768 to put by1779 jilt1782 palm1822 stall1829 job1872 to give (a person) the go-around1925 1618 J. Hales Let. 15 Dec. 35 in Golden Remains (1659) When they were prest with any reason they could not put by. 1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 114 The Pope put it by in some general Answers. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 18 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1261 That light entregent..enables him to put by and parry some subjects of conversation which might possibly lay him under difficulties. 1779 Duchess of Devonshire Sylph I. 241 How long will they remain satisfied with being repeatedly put by with empty promises? 1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 157 The chancellor,..smiling, put the question by. 1878 R. H. Hutton Scott xv. 159 The medical men..tried to make him give up his novel-writing. But he smiled and put them by. 1919 I. B. Richman Spanish Conquerors 26 Presumably Ferdinand and Isabella, after a courteous hearing, smilingly put by the question of exploration. 2. transitive. To store, stow, esp. for safe keeping; (also) to save up or reserve (money, etc.) for future use. Cf. to put away 3c at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve reservea1382 keepa1400 sparea1400 savea1450 to put by1568 to put aside1569 to set byc1595 sepose1609 seposit1657 to lay aside1711 to set away1747 to lay by1786 to lay (also put) past1847 to put away1861 1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 218 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 267 Lok vp all in to ȝone almery Baith meit and drink w^t wyne & aill put by. 1576 Edinb. Test. IV. f. 189, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) The said George..to put by twa hundreth merkis to marie the said Bessy. 1692 in W. MacGregor-Stirling Notes on Priory of Inchmahome (1815) 158 My lord's close..put bye in the inner wardrupe. 1780 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia II. 36 An intoxicating liquor..composed of yeast, meal, and hops, which they put by to ferment. 1795 J. Woodforde Diary 31 July (1929) IV. 216 We had it [sc. the pork] taken up and put by for them against another Day. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xx. 201 The old gentleman had put by a little money that nobody knew of. 1890 Illustr. London News 9 Aug. 170/1 Herbs and roots and apples put by for the winter. a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) xxxii. 136 She formed a scheme of expenditure which involved an annual outlay of about £500, and determined to put the rest by. 1958 S. T. Warner Let. 13 May (1982) 166 Your green guide..has been carefully put by against another visit. 1998 E. Bignell Which? Way to save & Invest (ed. 10) xxiii. 357 Consider..how much you want to put by for a rainy day. †3. transitive. a. To drive out, dislodge (an enemy force). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel afferreOE warpc1000 outdriveOE wreakc1100 to cast out1297 to cast fortha1382 out-chasec1395 flecchea1400 to shoot forth, out, awaya1400 propel?1440 expulse?a1475 scour1488 out-thrust1532 to catch forthc1540 propulse1548 pulsec1550 unplant1552 to turn out of ——1562 extrude1566 detrude?1567 eliminate1568 deturbate1570 detruse1571 unroost1598 to put by1600 deturb1609 bolt1615 run1631 disembogue1632 out of1656 expel1669 rout1812 to manage (a person) out of1907 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxvii. 951 From which two capes or heads he supposed that he might easily set back and put by the enemies [L. hostem summoturus] with shooting darts from both sides. 1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vii. xvii. 84 Cæsar went out of his campe..put by the garrison [L. deiecto praesidio], and possessed himselfe of the place. b. To remove, dispel (a disease, pain, etc.). Cf. to put away 2b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > an immaterial thing driveOE exilea1393 to ding outc1400 banish1460 expela1500 pass1565 divorce1594 abstrude1628 to put by1634 abigate1657 1634 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (new ed.) II. Index sig. Kkk 3 Cold fits in agues how to be shortened or put by. 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. iv. 14) 52 This makes..others [call] for other of the Devills anodynes, to put by the pangs of their wounded spirits. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. vi. §36 A Fright alone, hath sometimes put by an Ague-fit. And mitigated a Fit of the Gout. 1757 P. Bacon Moral Quack 34 I have known both of them [sc. prescriptions] frequently put by a Fit—but..neither of these is strong enough to prevent a relapse. to put down 1. transitive. a. To move to or bring into a lower position; to lower; to place on the ground, or so as to rest upon a surface.to put one's foot down: see foot n. and int. Phrases 5g. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > put or lay down allayOE seta1000 to lay downc1275 to put downa1382 to set downa1400 deposec1420 to sit down1600 depositate1618 deposit1749 ground1751 plank1859 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lay or put down to lay downc1275 to set netherc1275 to put downa1382 submit1543 down1595 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xix. 12 Sche putte [a1425 L.V. puttide; v.r. lete] hym down bi þe wyndowe..he ȝide a-wei & fleyȝ & is saued. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 153 (MED) Þis seke man..putt down his hand vnto his hambe. 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 To Putte downe, calare.., commergere, deponere, deprimere. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 216 The cooles within may be moued and laid as a man will haue them, and put down fro the other fier shouel. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. ii. sig. Kk2v This goose..puts downe his head, before there be any thing neere to touch him. 1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 245 Aso. As buckets are put downe into a well; Or as a schoole-boy.—Cri. Trusse vp your simile. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. 87 Put down a piece of Paste-board, and knock it in hard. 1752 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Syncopation In syncopated or driving notes, the hand or foot is taken up, or put down, while the note is sounding. 1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) II. 12 Such is the effect of habituation, that..if passing a river, he hardly puts down his head in effort to drink. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. iv. 26 Putting down the glasses and salt-cellars as if she were knocking at the door. 1930 E. Waugh Vile Bodies (1938) i. 9 Father Rothschild S.J. put down his suitcase in the corner of the bar. 1988 N. Lowndes Chekago i. 41 His hand gave an involuntary tremor as he put down his glass. 2000 R. J. Evans Entertainment vii. 106 Slowly, Spiggsy put the spliff down. He looked pissed off. b. spec. To lay down and cease to give one's attention to (a piece of work, a book, etc.). ΚΠ 1769 S. Gunning Hermit I. xii. 144 Sally, who I had employed about some work of which I was grown tired, begged I would put down my book. 1796 Agatha III. i. 5 His sister put down her work, and spreading a coarse but clean cloth on the table, assisted her mother in the preparations for supper. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. 42 It is impossible to put down a book like the history of the French Academy..without being led to reflect upon the absence, in our own country, of any institution like the French Academy. 1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks xviii She put down her needlework. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xliv. 336 Margaret put down her work and regarded them absently. 1967 B. Cleary Mitch & Amy iii. 61 ‘You know, Mitchell, it's too bad stamper isn't a real word... And now why don't you go outside and play?’ Amy put down her book. ‘Yes Mitch,’ she said, ‘why don't you stamper out and play?’ 1973 R. A. Heinlein Let. 16 Sept. in R. A. Heinlein & V. Heinlein Grumbles from Grave (1990) 100 I intend to make it lively, hard to put down as a good novel by any of the millions of aspirant-writers-who-never-will-actually-write. 1995 New Scientist 25 Nov. 55/1 Those who have read the previous five Scarpettas may find this a slowstarter but, by the middle, it is impossible to put down. c. To cause or allow to alight from a vehicle. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > set down to set down1669 to put down1795 to leave off1848 land1853 to put off1867 drop1961 1795 J. Woodforde Diary 29 June (1929) IV. 210 We were put down at the White Hart in Stall Street. 1841 C. Dickens Let. 2 May (1969) II. 276 ‘Mind Coachman’ as the old ladies say ‘you take me as fur as ever you go, and don't you put me down till you come to the very end of the journey.’ 1862 B. Taylor At Home & Abroad 2nd Ser. viii. 397 I was put down at the station, where omnibuses were in waiting. 1953 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 13 Feb. 10/2 The truck driver put him down next to the road. 2002 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 19 Apr. 10 Most tour coaches put their passengers down here and pick up after an hour or so. d. To lay (a carpet, linoleum, etc.). ΚΠ 1856 R. Stuart Let. 1 Nov. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) II. 765 Do not forget, before putting down your carpets, to wash the floors well with strong alum water, & for a foot in breadth around the room, paint the floor with corrosive of sublimate, & you will never have a moth in your carpets. 1889 J. E. Panton Nooks & Corners 29 The darkest brown self-coloured linoleum put down all over the passages and halls. 1897 W. D. Howells Landlord Lion's Head 142 The new rooms were left..uncarpeted; there were thin rugs put down. 1970 N. Pevsner Cambridgeshire (Buildings of Eng.) (ed. 2) 86 Pugin also put down the encaustic tiles in the crossing and the choir. 2001 This Old House Apr. 83/1 About half of the flooring Hosking puts down is engineered—made of thin sheets of wood glued together like plywood. e. To place (a person) in a particular situation, environment, etc. ΚΠ 1864 A. K. H. Boyd Autumn Holidays Country Parson iii. 51 It is an unspeakable blessing for a man, that he should be put down among people who can understand him. 1904 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 5 149 Suppose a person with wise personality were to be put down among the patients. 1981 R. Barnard Mother's Boys iv. 48 This ruddy cough. It's the climate... They shouldn't have put people down in this climate. 2. transitive. a. To defeat or subdue (a person, army, etc.). Now rare or merged in sense 2b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job x. 8 Þyne hondis maden me..& so feerly þou puttist [a1425 L.V. castist] me doun [L. praecipitas me]. a1525 Bk. Chess 2160 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I Two rokis maye a king allone put dovne. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6672 This Celidis, forsothe, fought with a speire, Polidamas to put doun & his pride felle. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1887 We shall put downe all that dare contest With vs. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. i. 93 in Wks. II To mount vp on a joynt-stoole, with a Iewes-trumpe, To put downe Cokeley. 1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. iv. 112 This island is become wretchedly poor ever since the King put down the French Corsairs in the Levant. 1795 Orations Delivered at Meeting Rom. Catholics of Dublin 5 We hear a murmur, I hope unauthorized, that the people must be put down and made tame! 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. vi. 106 The Levellers had opposed Cromwell, and he had put them down with the other troops. 1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 449/1 There was, first of all, the attempt to put down the Birth Control agitators by strong-arm methods. 1979 Sat. Night (Toronto) May 19/2 His grandfather Bedson came out with the Wolseley expedition to put down Riel in 1870. b. To put an end to (an activity, practice, ideal, institution, etc.) by force or authority; to suppress, crush, quell; to abolish. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn to-warpc888 overwarpeOE fallOE cumber1303 overthrowc1375 overturna1382 subverta1382 overwalta1400 sinka1400 to wend downa1400 tuyrec1400 reverse1402 tirvec1420 pervert?a1425 to put downa1425 cumrayc1425 downthringc1430 overthwart?a1439 thringc1480 subvertise1484 succumb1490 renverse1521 precipitate?1528 everta1538 wrake1570 ruinate1590 profligate1643 wreck1749 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.) shendOE whelvec1000 allayOE ofdrunkenc1175 quenchc1175 quashc1275 stanchc1315 quella1325 slockena1340 drenchc1374 vanquishc1380 stuffa1387 daunt?a1400 adauntc1400 to put downa1425 overwhelmc1425 overwhelvec1450 quatc1450 slockc1485 suppressa1500 suffocate1526 quealc1530 to trample under foot1530 repress1532 quail1533 suppress1537 infringe1543 revocate1547 whelm1553 queasom1561 knetcha1564 squench1577 restinguish1579 to keep down1581 trample1583 repel1592 accable1602 crush1610 to wrestle down?1611 chokea1616 stranglea1616 stifle1621 smother1632 overpower1646 resuppress1654 strangulate1665 instranglea1670 to choke back, down, in, out1690 to nip or crush in the bud1746 spiflicate1749 squasha1777 to get under1799 burke1835 to stamp out1851 to trample down1853 quelch1864 to sit upon ——1864 squelch1864 smash1865 garrotte1878 scotch1888 douse1916 to drive under1920 stomp1936 stultify1958 a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 4084 (MED) Alle haly kyrk sal be put don. c1432–1500 (c1390) G. Chaucer Lack of Steadfastness 15 Trouthe is put doun, resoun is holden fable. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 59 (MED) Thei wolde putt downe mannes reason in fulfillyng of their worldely desires. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dv This gyft suppresseth and putteth downe all carnalitees. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 368 It is impossible to extirpe it quite, Frier, till eating and drinking be put downe . View more context for this quotation 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. xxiii. 23) Capistranus..got a great deal of respect to his doctrine by putting down..mask-interludes, &c. 1730 R. Millar Hist. Church under Old Test. i. 137 He seems to have been a good peaceable Man, raised up to reform Abuses, to put down Idolatry, [etc.]. 1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal ii. ii. 21 Sir Peter is such an enemy to scandal, I believe he would have it put down by parliament. 1836 Times 14 Nov. 7/2 I tell Lord Wodehouse..that he will never put down Popery of the Irish people. 1891 Law Times 91 32/2 Putting down the fraudulent devices by means of which the pockets of..investors are..picked. 1911 Catholic Encycl. X. 739/1 Nehemias..put down the abuses with severity. 1961 W. Brandon Indians 343/1 The Canadian North West Mounted Police were organized specifically to put down this whiskey trade north of the border. 1992 Economist 28 Mar. 86/1 Almost two months after loyal troops put down an attempted military coup against President Carlos Andres Perez of Venezuela, political life..has yet to return to normal. 1998 Guardian 24 Oct. 7 Their view is that Chilean fascism was essentially reactive; a swift move to put down communism and calm things down economically. 3. transitive. a. To depose from office or authority; to dethrone; to diminish in status or dignity.In later use esp. in echoes of Luke 1:52 (see quot. c1384). ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] outOE deposec1300 remuec1325 to put out1344 to set downc1369 deprivec1374 outputa1382 removea1382 to throw outa1382 to put downc1384 privea1387 to set adowna1387 to put out of ——?a1400 amovec1425 disappoint1434 unmakec1475 dismiss1477 dispoint1483 voidc1503 to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546 relieve1549 cass1550 displace1553 unauthorize1554 to wring out1560 seclude1572 eject1576 dispost1577 decass1579 overboard1585 cast1587 sequester1587 to put to grass1589 cashier1592 discompose1599 abdicate1610 unseat1611 dismount1612 disoffice1627 to take off1642 unchair1645 destitute1653 lift1659 resign1674 quietus1688 superannuate1692 derange1796 shelve1812 shelf1819 Stellenbosch1900 defenestrate1917 axe1922 retire1961 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke i. 52 He puttide [v.r. putte; a1425 L.V. sette] doun [L. deposuit] myȝty men fro seete. c1400 Brut 247 His fader was in warde in þe castel of Kenylworþ, and eke was put doun of his realte. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. Lear 261 in G. Haselbach & G. Hartmann Festschrift (1957) 223 (MED) They put hym doune..And partyd Bryttaine þame betuene. c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 229 (MED) Might many be founde..the whiche..haue ben beten..and put downe from the worship of knyghthode in the degre of seruing footmen. a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 2229, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 71 Ȝour sagis wald put ȝow dovn And ȝour son..Thai will mak king in to ȝour steid. ?1570–1 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis in Vernacular Writings (1892) 30 Ye lordis wald not consent to put down ye quene or derogat hir of hir authoritie in ony maner. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. ii. 37 Inspired with the spirit of putting down Kings and Princes. View more context for this quotation 1682 R. L'Estrange Remarks Growth & Progress Non-conformity 20 [He] advises the Parliament to put down the Bishops whether the Queen would or no. 1707 tr. Alcoran of Lewis XIV Pref. sig. A2^v His [sc. God's] Work is now begun, the great Work of putting down the Mighty from their Seat. 1708 R. Newcourt Eccl. Parochial Hist. Diocese London 308 Sir Nic. Carew..lost his Head..for devising to promote Reginald Pole to the Crown, and put down King Henry. 1766 E. Capell Refl. Originality in Authors 60 He [sc. the Earl of Warwick] made Kings and put down Kings almost at his pleasure. 1837 Times 27 Jan. 2/1 If that is the case, you will exclaim, why should not the Lords and Commons put down the King? 1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xlvii. 477 Judges..were almost tools of the king, who could set them up and put them down at his pleasure. 1913 H. Belloc in New Witness 1 May 818 You [soldiers] that put down the mighty from their seat, And fought to fill the hungry with good things; And..trailed your scabbards in the halls of kings. 1993 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 2 Jan. 1 e There's nothing new to..the recognition that God chooses the lowly and puts down the mighty. b. To bring down the presumption, pride, or self-esteem of (a person); to snub; to better in argument, to reduce to silence. Also (now chiefly): to disparage, find fault with, esp. in a humiliating or belittling manner. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)] anitherOE fellOE lowc1175 to lay lowc1225 to set adownc1275 snuba1340 meekc1350 depose1377 aneantizea1382 to bring lowa1387 declinea1400 meekenc1400 to pull downc1425 avalec1430 to-gradea1440 to put downc1440 humble1484 alow1494 deject?1521 depress1526 plucka1529 to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533 to bring down1535 to bring basec1540 adbass1548 diminish1560 afflict1561 to take down1562 to throw down1567 debase1569 embase1571 diminute1575 to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576 exinanite1577 to take (a person) a peg lower1589 to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589 disbasea1592 to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592 comb-cut1593 unpuff1598 atterr1605 dismount1608 annihilate1610 crest-fall1611 demit1611 pulla1616 avilea1617 to put a scorn on, upon1633 mortify1639 dimit1658 to put a person's pipe out1720 to let down1747 to set down1753 humiliate1757 to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789 start1821 squabash1822 to wipe a person's eye1823 to crop the feathers of1827 embarrass1839 to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864 to sit upon ——1864 squelch1864 to cut out of all feather1865 to sit on ——1868 to turn down1870 to score off1882 to do (a person) in the eye1891 puncture1908 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 to cut down to size1927 flatten1932 to slap (a person) down1938 punk1963 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 30 Þe toþer es tribulacyon, to putt hym down with many scharpnes. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 140 Lord, Lord, how the Ladies and I haue put him downe. View more context for this quotation 1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood Satyre iv. sig. E I scorne..To let a Bow-bell Cockney put me downe. 1683 J. Oldham Poems & Transl. 186 Ready of Wit, harden'd of Impudence, Able with ease to put down either H—. 1794 R. Cumberland Box-lobby Challenge iii. 26 By my soul, this fellow's impudence puts me down. 1831 T. B. Macaulay Boswell's Life Johnson in Ess. (1887) 181 With what stately contempt she put down his impertinence. 1888 W. J. Knox-Little Child of Stafferton xiv The peremptoriness with which Lady Dorothy put him down. 1923 G. M. Trevelyan Manin & Venetian Revol. vi. 112 The principal speaker was Avesani, an eloquent and able lawyer who at once put Palffy down when he tried to speak in a tone of authority. 1969 Down Beat 20 Mar. 31/3 It became fashionable to put him down as too much of a showman and not enough of a jazzman. 1988 J. Bradshaw Healing Shame that Binds You ii. viii. 159 She was contemptuous of her body and put herself down with comparisons and self-labeling. 2004 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 20 Nov. c1/5 Two girls gossip and put down another girl who isn't with them. †c. To lower in general estimation; to excel or surpass by comparison. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame shamec1400 to put down1494 extinguish1551 stain1557 overshadow1581 cloud1582 defacea1592 shend1596 to lay up1601 to shine down1623 dazzle1643 umbrage1647 foila1687 efface1717 eclipse1718 shade?1748 put into the shade1796 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 to put to shame1854 to leave (a person) standing1864 to lay over1869 blanket1884 upstage1921 1494 Loutfut MS f. 8^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Put And thairby is the noble office dymynit and put doune & gentilnes..litill prisit. 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. E2 Readie to..dye for greefe if hee bee put downe in Brauery neuer so little. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. iii. 572 Lucullus wardrope is put downe by our ordinary cittizens. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress Author's Apol. sig. A5 Holy Writ, Which for its Stile, and Phrase puts down all Wit. View more context for this quotation 1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 209 Her Rooms, anew at ev'ry Christ'ning drest, Put down the Court, and vex the City-Guest. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. x. 56 Your brother is indeed enough to put all other men down. 4. transitive. To kill, put to death. Now chiefly (euphemistic): to kill (an old, sick, or injured animal) in a humane manner. Cf. to put to sleep at sleep n. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 581 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 19 Þai may þe slepand tak And þan but mercy put þe dovne. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 10^v Lufe..slais the saull, and puttis the bodie down. 1589 Reg. St. John's Church Newcastle May in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 674 Alice Stokoe..did put downe herselfe [i.e. hanged herself] in her maister's house in her own belt. 1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) II. 55 We were fifteen well-made men,..And we were a' put down but ane, For a fair young wanton ladie. 1810 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (new ed.) II. 94 Little wist Marie Hamilton..That she was ga'en to Edinburgh town, And a' to be put down. 1827 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 21 446 Word came that Eppy Telefer had ‘put down’ herself over night, and was found hanging dead in her own little cottage at day~break. 1899 H. D. Rawnsley Life & Nat. Eng. Lakes 173 A dog that shows signs of worrying [sheep] is ‘put down’ at once. a1935 W. Holtby South Riding (1936) iv. v. 253 Best have him [sc. a dog] put down, mercifully. 1975 H. Ellison Gentleman Junkie 235 Any kid would say he was going to put his old man down, like that,..was something pretty odd. 2004 Horse & Hound 8 Jan. 7/5 A horse showing symptoms of paralytic herpes virus..has been put down in Kent. 5. transitive. a. To set down in writing, write down; to enter or record in a written document; to enter (one's or another's name) as a member, subscriber, etc., or as having opted or been selected for something. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing adighteOE to set on writea900 dightc1000 writeOE brevea1225 layc1330 indite1340 take1418 annote1449 printa1450 scribe1465 redact?a1475 reduce1485 letter1504 recite1523 to commit to writing (also paper)1529 pen1530 reduce?1533 token up1535 scripture1540 titulea1550 to set down1562 quote1573 to put down1574 paper1594 to write down1594 apprehend1611 fix1630 exarate1656 depose1668 put1910 society > communication > record > written record > record in writing [verb (transitive)] > enter on record writeOE setc1175 embreve?c1225 enrolc1350 enter1389 rollc1400 enact1467 act1475 enchroniclea1513 ascribe1532 re-enter1535 to put down1574 register1597 inscroll1600 emologea1639 spread1823 to book in1860 to sign on1879 log1889 sign1894 to sign out1916 to sign in1924 1574 T. Tymme tr. J. de Serres Three Partes Comm. Ciuill Warres Fraunce iii. 98 The Prince of Conde also declared his reasons more particularlye, and put downe this in writing as the summe of all his petitions. 1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. xv. 404 S. Augustine telleth them that as the Apostle hath put it [sc. the Greek word] downe with al the circumstances, there is no ambiguitie at al that might deceiue any man. a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 420 A note by some Reader put downe in the margine..for some memoriall and observation. 1678 in Shropshire Parish Documents (1903) 124 Ffor a Book to put down the Burials in Woollen. 1707 tr. M. Alemán Life Guzman d'Alfarache II. xxiii. 307 I paid him, and he immediately put my name down in the Roll of the Brethren. 1766 P. Playstowe Gentleman's Guide in Tour Through France 27 The curiousities are as follow, which I shall put down in French, as they will by that means be easiest found out. 1824 Examiner 397/2 Mr. Bolton put down his name for 200l. 1879 M. Pattison Milton iv. 47 Milton consented to put down his thoughts on paper. 1918 Stars & Stripes 1 Mar. 5/4 That..will probably result in his putting you down for service on the next raid. 1940 Hansard Lords 6 Aug. 148 The object was to enable noble Lords to put down questions which they would wish to see mentioned in the House. 1985 Financial Times 22 Aug. i. 13/1 If you can raise a laugh in Scarborough,..you can put your name down for a council house in the Falklands. 2001 Sci. Fiction Chron. July 14/3 Regardless of how many people put down Jedi as their religion..it is not up to us to recognize or not recognize religions. b. figurative. To attribute, charge, or credit (a circumstance, event, etc.) to (originally to the account of). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)] titleOE aretc1340 witena1375 witnea1375 reta1382 depute1382 wite1382 seta1387 layc1425 expoundc1430 imputec1480 attribue1481 assign1489 reckon1526 attribute1530 count1535 allot?1556 draw1578 object1613 prefer1628 entitle1629 implya1641 to score (something) on1645 intitule1651 put1722 to put down1723 charge1737 own1740 place1802 to set down1822 affiliate1823 1723 J. Reynolds Inq. State & Œcon. Angelical Worlds xxiii. 112 His Death was not Legally Due for and from himself, but might be put down to the Account of others. 1740 tr. A. Banier Mythol. & Fables Ancients IV. iii. vi. 113 All these great Events, were put down to his [sc. Hercules'] Account. 1833 W. G. Simms Bk. my Lady 121 [They] put it down to a spiritual influence. 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 572 Much of this precipitousness in judging must in candour be put down to Niebuhr's youth. 1892 E. Lytton Let. 18 Nov. in E. Lutyens Blessed Girl (1953) ix. 179 When he comes down cured..Sir Augustus puts it down to Eno's Fruit Salts. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xxxiv. 276 And it was all put down to poor Henry's account! 1934 A. L. Rowse Diary 5 Mar. (2003) 81 All that weekend I was in a dazed condition, not knowing what to do with myself:..I put it down to being fagged. 2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 54 Some get on a sight better than others. What do you put that down to—luck? c. To judge or presume (a person or thing) to be; to reckon or estimate as or at; to take for. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as telleOE talec897 seeOE letc1000 holdc1200 reckon1340 aima1382 accounta1387 counta1387 judgec1390 takea1400 countc1400 receivec1400 existimatec1430 to look on ——?c1430 makec1440 reputea1449 suppose1474 treatc1485 determinea1513 recount?c1525 esteem1526 believe1533 estimate?1533 ascribe1535 consider1539 regard1547 count1553 to look upon ——1553 take1561 reck1567 eye?1593 censure1597 subscribe1600 perhibit1613 behold1642 resent1642 attributea1657 fancy1662 vogue1675 decount1762 to put down1788 to set down1798 rate1854 have1867 mean1878 1788 Olla Podrida 42 He immediately put me down, as he said, for a dry fellow. 1839 R. Dawes Nix's Mate I. ix. 224 I suppose we may put her down at half that age, hey? 1890 Chambers's Jrnl. 7 June 358/1 I should..have put him down as a Yankee but for his accent. 1932 H. V. Morton In Search of Wales v. 83 A man..asks me for a match to light his pipe. We fall into conversation. I put him down as a miner; and I am right. 1959 J. Cary Captive & Free 211 The public is used to grievance-mongers and despises 'em—they'll put him down for a crack-pot. 1965 Listener 21 Oct. 640/2 A fellow thirteen-year-old confessed..to an adoration of Katherine Mansfield—and I..at once put him down as affected. 2005 C. Cleave Incendiary 145 I hadn't put her down for the sort of girl who has feelings. 6. transitive. To deposit or guarantee (a gambling stake); to pay (a deposit). ΚΠ a1708 T. Ward England's Reformation (1715) I. i. 68 The Stake put down, each Courtier Plays. 1726 Whole Art & Myst. of Mod. Gaming 81 A certain Gentleman and fair Lady..have been observed to put down their Money upon a certain Favourite Number. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iv. iv. 341 When I was a boy the te-totum had only four sides, each of them marked with a letter; a T for take all..and a P for put down, that is, a stake equal to that you put down at first. 1863 Times 23 Mar. 10/3 The cards having come to Garcia he put down a stake of 2,000f. 1959 ‘A. Gilbert’ Death takes Wife xv. 198 Put down money for a joint you didn't frisk in advance. 1991 Investors Chron. 16 Aug. 27/2 Holding currency positions in the forward or futures markets by putting down a deposit, or a percentage of the full value of the contract. 7. transitive. Cricket. (a) (Of a fielder or wicketkeeper) to hit or break (a wicket), dislodging a bail; (b) (of a batter) to stop or strike (a difficult delivery) without attempting to score; (c) (of a bowler) to deliver (a ball); (d) (of a fielder) to drop (a catch); to drop a catch from (a batter). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > dismissal of batsman > put out [verb (transitive)] > knock down wicket to put down1727 rip1831 to throw down1833 take1836 rattle1840 spreadeagle1868 to break the wicket1875 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > hit > hit with specific stroke take1578 stop1744 nip1752 block1772 drive1773 cut1816 draw1816 tip1816 poke1836 spoon1836 mow1844 to put up1845 smother1845 sky1849 crump1850 to pick up1851 pull1851 skyrocket1851 swipe1851 to put down1860 to get away1868 smite1868 snick1871 lift1874 crack1882 smack1882 off-drive1888 snip1890 leg1892 push1893 hook1896 flick1897 on-drive1897 chop1898 glance1898 straight drive1898 cart1903 edge1904 tonk1910 sweep1920 mishook1934 middle1954 square-drive1954 tickle1963 square-cut1976 slash1977 splice1982 paddle1986 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > field [verb (transitive)] > drop (a catch) to put down1893 grass1956 spill1975 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > bowl [verb (transitive)] bowl1739 pitch1772 trundle1849 to send down1871 to put down1924 1727 Articles of Agreem. for Two Cricket Matches (West Sussex Rec. Office: Goodwood 1884) No Player shall be deemed out by any Wicket put down unless with the Ball in Hand. 1775 New Articles Game of Cricket 4 If the Players have crossed each other, he that runs for the Wicket that is put down, is out. 1816 W. Lambert Instr. & Rules Cricket 38 If the Striker should move off his ground, with an intention to run, the Wicket-keeper will then do his best, and endeavour to put down the wicket, which is called stumping out. 1860 Baily's Monthly Mag. Oct. 41 With rare patience did he stop at home and skilfully put down the slows, rarely even attempting to hit them. 1893 R. Daft Kings of Cricket xv. 260 I have often seen little men put down with ease a bumping ball which many taller men would let hit their fingers. 1906 A. E. Knight Compl. Cricketer iv. 150 When bowlers or wicket-keepers neglect this precaution [of keeping behind the wicket], it may happen that the throw forces them back upon the wicket which they are unable to legitimately put down. 1924 A. C. Maclaren Cricket Old & New xiv. 140 On sticky wickets I should doubt if he ever put down a bad ball. 1955 I. Peebles Ashes vii. 67 He had another bit of luck when Hole put him down at first slip. 1994 I. Botham My Autobiogr. x. 191 From the first ball, to Graeme Wood, Mike Gatting put down a chance at slip. 8. †a. transitive. To cease to keep up (something expensive, as a private carriage); to abandon for reasons of economy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > something expensive to put down1733 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > cease to use leaveeOE to lay downa1450 abuse1471 disuse1487 to leave off1570 sink1705 to put down1733 to hang up (one's sword, gun, etc.)1826 1733 Dialogue between Mr. D’Anvers & Mr. Cut 4 I must needs be undone, Or 'bate of my former Expences; Put down Coach and Six..Or turn off, at least, half my Wenches. 1760 C. Johnstone Chrysal I. xi. 86 My wife's chariot shall not be put down, nor will I deny myself a bottle of claret. 1842 D. Boucicault Irish Heiress i. 7 If Supple will only keep it quiet, I might retrench. Aye,—but where? Could I put down my cab. 1860 Punch 24 Nov. 201/2 Papa should in all conscience have put down his expensive military establishment before he proceeded to ask for pecuniary assistance at the hands of his children. 1895 Times 20 June 10/5 In hard times one man put down his carriage, another his litigation. 1904 Gentleman's Mag. July 24 De Guiscard was obliged to put down his coach, dismiss most of his servants, and finally pawn his plate. b. transitive. U.S. colloquial. Chiefly in African-American use: to abandon, reject, spurn; to quit, give up. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] to let awaya1000 forcast?c1225 to lay downc1275 forthrow1340 flita1375 removea1382 to cast away1382 understrewc1384 castc1390 to lay awaya1400 to lay asidec1440 slingc1440 warpiss1444 to lay from, offc1480 way-put1496 depose1526 to lay apart1526 to put off1526 to set apart1530 to turn up1541 abandonate?1561 devest1566 dispatch1569 decarta1572 discard1578 to make away1580 to fling away1587 to cast off1597 doff1599 cashier1603 to set by1603 moult1604 excuss1607 retorta1616 divest1639 deposit1646 disentail1667 dismiss1675 slough1845 shed1856 jettison1869 shake1872 offload1900 junk1911 dump1919 sluff1934 bin1940 to put down1944 shitcan1973 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > reject awarpc1000 forwerpeOE warpc1000 nillOE warnc1300 reprovec1350 to put abacka1382 to throw awaya1382 repugnc1384 to put awaya1387 waivec1386 forshoota1400 disavowc1400 defyc1405 disprovec1430 repelc1443 flemea1450 to put backa1500 reject?1504 refutea1513 repulse1533 refel1548 repudiate1548 disallowa1555 project?1567 expel1575 discard1578 overrule1578 forsay1579 check1601 decard1605 dismiss1608 reprobate1609 devow1610 retorta1616 disclaimc1626 noforsootha1644 respuate1657 reluctate1668 negative1778 no-ball1862 basket1867 to set one's foot down1873 not to have any (of it, that, this)1895 to put down1944 eighty-six1959 neg1987 1944 C. B. Himes in Negro Story Dec. 18/1 I done put you down first. Me and George Brown is getting married. 1953 D. Wallop Night Light xii. 135 You really ought to put school down and play full-time. 1964 Amer. Folk Music Occas. No. 1. 62 My mother was the mother of all those kids and my father look like he wanted to put her down, leave her. 1973 M. H. Mathers Riding Rails 120 It was his last ride [as a hobo]; he was putting her down. 9. transitive. To sink or dig (a shaft, well, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > excavate or sink a shaft or tunnel drive1665 hole1708 to put down1778 shank1821 drift1849 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis ii. iii. 107 The adit in this place, seems to give the Miners some direction, how and where to put down their shaft. 1854 Illustr. Sydney News 5 Aug. 186/1 Hundreds of shicers (a name given to unproductive shafts) have been put down. 1875 R. F. Martin tr. J. Havrez On Recent Improvem. Winding Machinery 1 We found that we ought to put down an entirely fresh drawing pit. 1906 Indian Laws & Treaties III. 239 The sum of five thousand dollars..[is] appropriated..to enable the Secretary of the Interior to put down an artesian well. 1955 Winnipeg Free Press 1 Aug. 3/6 We intend to go right ahead and put down a shaft on the Irgon mining claim at Cat Lake. 2006 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 23 Sept. 20 JCI put down an exploration shaft in 1980 from which it reported average grades of 3.6 per cent copper. 10. transitive. To preserve and store (food); = to put up 1a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly North American. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] souse1387 conditec1420 comfit1484 pickle1526 confect1558 preserve1563 marl1598 murine1656 marble1661 mango1728 caveach1739 to put down1782 process1878 1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 248 Nevertheless the more judiciously it [sc. butter] is put down, the longer it will retain its sweetness. 1833 W. Cobbett Cottage Econ. vi. §152 The lard, nicely put down, will last a long while for all the purposes for which it is wanted. 1881 S. O. Jewett Country By-Ways 40 He's put down a kag of excellent beef. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 14 May 2/1 I have just bought eleven score of new-laid eggs..and put them down in water-glass to use all through the time when eggs are dear. 1959 Home Encycl. 22 While runner beans are plentiful, it is an excellent plan to put some down in salt for winter use. 1974 A. Munro Something I've been meaning to tell You 46 ‘I haven't got the right kind of stomach to trust what comes out of those tins, I can only eat home canning.’ I could have slapped her. I bet she never put down fruit in her life. 1983 Manch. Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 20 Nov. 23 No one ‘puts down’ eggs now—their cost is much the same year-long—nor does anyone salt butter. 2001 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 28 Nov. e1 For the most part, the preserving process is very easy, even for those who never saw their mothers put down fruits and vegetables in the fall. 11. transitive. To eat or drink, esp. in large quantities; to consume. Cf. to put away 3b at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)] brookc950 abiteOE haveOE afangOE takec1175 notea1200 usec1300 spendc1380 consumec1400 partake1602 pree1680 discuss1751 tuck1784 to put down1795 to be (also go) at the ——1796 go1830 kill1833 to put away1839 down1852 to put over1880 to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880 shift1896 1795 ‘P. Pindar’ Pindariana 66 Chloe..Could put down nought at last, but nice tid-bits. 1846 Spirit of Times 18 Apr. 92/2 He put down two gallons more to get up the drunk—drinked it right down without winkin'. 1875 J. G. Holland Sevenoaks xxii. 307 It beats all nater..how much boys can put down when they try. 1935 G. Greene Eng. made Me (1992) i. 25 ‘You do put it down, Kate,’ Anthony said... He didn't believe in girls drinking. 1980 S. Trott When your Lover Leaves (1981) 63 I watched Ishmael put down enough ham and eggs and potatoes for three men. 2003 Nation's Restaurant News 17 Feb. 14/2 A whitehaired gentleman who looks as if he might have put down a Butter Burger or two in his day. 12. transitive. To put (a child) to bed. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > put in bed or provide a bed for [verb (transitive)] bedc1175 to bring to bed, abedc1320 tuck1692 to put down1849 1849 E. C. Gaskell Hand & Heart i She'll tire you..you'd better let me put her down in her cot. 1871 G. MacDonald At Back of North Wind xxv. 231 There's baby fast asleep!... Shall I put him down, mother? 1944 F. Powdermaker & L. I. Grimes Intelligent Parents' Man. iii. 33 The mother should reduce the number of hours she puts her baby down to sleep. 1978 P. Niesewand Underground Connection 152 ‘Is the baby asleep?’ ‘I think so. She went off very quickly when I put her down.’ 1991 A. McCarten Modest Apocalypse & Other Stories 140 He'd fed the child semolina and put her down for the night. 13. transitive. a. To plant or propagate (a crop, etc.). ΚΠ 1865 Cornhill Mag. May 587 To put down some bedding-out plants. 1911 E. Glanville in S. Playne Cape Colony 661 He was also manuring his ground with kraal manure and it was possible for him to put down 1,000 acres of lucerne. 1978 B. Friel Living Quarters ii. 65 You should put down spuds in this garden next year. 2006 Delta Farm Press (Nexis) 10 Nov. 1 We all thought it was a good idea to put down a cover crop to hold off erosion. b. British. Shooting. To release (game birds reared in captivity) into an area for the shooting season. ΚΠ 1884 W. Carnegie Pract. Game Preserving x. 83 The best spot to put down partridges in spring is in a dry rough pasture. 1976 Shooting Times & Country Mag. 18 Nov. 28/2 Only a handful of redlegs are put down here, the majority of birds being wild grey partridges which flew well. 1990 Guardian (Nexis) 3 Feb. As many as 20 million pheasants may be ‘put down’..every year in order to satisfy the demand for shooty bangs up and down the country. 2006 Field July 6/2 We put down about 21,000 birds a year, there are 35 days with 17 drives and they are fully booked every season. 14. transitive. a. Angling. To cause (a fish) to swim deep in the water. ΚΠ 1891 Longman's Mag. Feb. 389 The descent of the mist..‘puts down’ the trout and prevents them from feeding. 1958 Times 19 Nov. 12/6 A heron had alighted on the far bank and I told myself that it was putting the fish down. 1991 Fly Rod & Reel July 72/2 Add in the frustration of putting fish down or simply being unable to raise fish. †b. Shooting. To cause (a hunting dog) to lie down to await the command to retrieve game. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1892 Field 7 May 695/3 Doon, who was put down by hand, moved a little as the gun was fired. 15. transitive. To replace (a telephone receiver), thereby ending a call. to put the phone down: to hang up (on a person). ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > communicate with by telephone [verb (transitive)] > replace receiver to put down1904 cradle1956 1904 Perry (Iowa) Daily Chief 30 July He put down the receiver with a sigh of thankfulness and proceeded to figure out how much he was in the telephone company's debt. 1941 Q. Reynolds Wounded don't Cry xx. 244 ‘Yes, I've got it. Yes, East End Avenue. Right away.’ She put down the phone. 1970 ‘M. Carroll’ Bait v. 67 He put the phone down on me before I could say a word. 1979 K. M. Peyton Marion's Angels v. 77 Geoff put down the receiver and explained gloomily to Marion what was expected of them. 2000 H. Fielding in N. Hornby Speaking with Angel 139 She put the phone down on me for the first time ever in our lives and then I went for a bourbon. 16. a. intransitive. Of an aircraft or spacecraft, or its pilot: to land. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > land land1784 alight1786 to sit down1926 to put down1933 to touch down1933 to hit the deck1943 1933 C. K. Stewart Speech Amer. Airman (M.A. thesis, Univ. of Akron) 85 Put down, to, to land. 1946 Sun (Baltimore) 21 Dec. 17/1 The badly damaged C-47 landed at Phillips Field, while the Eastern Airliner put down at Washington. 1976 New Scientist 24 June 683/1 If there are no hitches the Viking lander should put down early on 5 July. 2000 N. DeMille Lion's Game xiii. 110 They could jettison their bombs in the drink and put down at some airport in France or Spain. b. transitive. To land (an aircraft or spacecraft). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > land land1916 to touch down1935 to put down1939 1939 War Pictorial 6 Oct. 7/3 Orders are to ‘put down’ the machine on the two-acre landing-deck of a naval aircraft-carrier. 1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose i. 14 They put her [sc. a freighter] down at Launceston and taxied in. 1962 K. W. Gatland Astronautics in Sixties xi. 338 A Surveyor-type probe would be put down close to the desired landing point. 1985 M. Parfit South Light (1988) i. 8 A safe place to put down a large airplane in the extremity known as a whiteout. 17. transitive. a. U.S. colloquial. Chiefly in African-American use: to perform; to do; to say. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (intransitive)] dightc1275 dispensec1374 performa1382 to go througha1460 voyagec1500 to do one's do1650 to put down1943 1943 Yank 13 Jan. 20/3 ‘Those studs put down some fine actions,’ the cats would say. 1944 D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive 145 Put down, say, perform, describe, do. 1951 W. S. Burroughs Let. 5 May (1993) 86 I have seen a lot of people putting down a ‘I'm woman-oriented now’ routine when they aren't with it at all. 1973 D. Ellington Music is my Mistress 130 Almost everybody seems to dig what they're talking about, or putting down. 2003 V. O. Carter Such Sweet Thunder 140 He was more of a actor, Babe. He put down some deep stuff. I will never forgit 'im in The Count of Monte Cristo. b. Music (originally Jazz). To play or perform (music). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > specific style or technique > in jazz sock1927 groove1935 swing1936 to put down1952 1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. vi. 67 He put down a good walking beat. 1953 Down Beat 11 Feb. 16/3 Those old masters have really put something down, and it'll be a long, long time before those basic sounds change. 1968 Down Beat 7 Mar. 19/3 But the tenor saxophonists..reasoned that Coleman had been away from the source too long to know the hot licks that Harlem was putting down now. 1996 Source Aug. 12/2 Presiding over the bedlam is the ever sweat-coated Funkmaster Flex, puttin' it down on the turntables. c. Originally North American. To make a recording of (a song or piece of music). ΚΠ 1962 G. Gould Let. 26 June in Sel. Lett. (1992) 63 Getting back to solo piano endeavours, I think it is time to put down..another collection of Mozart sonatas. 1977 Zigzag June 19/2 [The band] Television put down ten tracks in four nights with Eno. 1992 Down Beat Dec. 17/2 In 1987, Marsalis went into the recording studio to put down the music that would be released as Majesty Of The Blues. 2002 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 8 Nov. 3 To record in a way that we feel works best for us..was a case of putting down as much as we can live because..we sound better live. to put forth 1. a. transitive. To show forth, display, present; = to put forward 4 at Phrasal verbs 1; (in later use only) to present or offer (oneself or another) as.In quot. 1482: †to expose to (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)] to set beforea1000 openOE showlOE to put forth?c1225 kithe1297 to make (a) showing ofc1330 presenta1398 representa1398 to lay forthc1420 splayc1440 discovera1450 advisea1500 to set to (the) show?1510 to stall out1547 outlay1555 exhibit1573 strew1579 wray1587 displaya1616 ostentate1630 elevate1637 re-exhibita1648 expound1651 unveil1657 subject1720 flare1862 skin1873 patent1889 showcase1939 society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > expose to public view [verb (transitive)] to put forth?c1225 to hit out1579 to set a-sunshining1601 to put forward1611 to hold out1613 expose1623 theatrizea1679 produce1686 parade1765 to bring forward1783 the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (reflexive)] profferc1300 to put fortha1393 proponea1500 offer1739 to put forward1849 the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > make subject to an action or influence obtain1425 subjecta1450 to put forth1482 to set out1579 expose1594 to lay (also leave) open1595 render1642 to get (also put, have, etc.) on the run1909 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 244 On þis ilke wise edmodnesse eadiliche bigileð ure lauerd &..schaweð forð hire pouerte. Put [c1230 Corpus Cambr. put, a1250 Titus putes] forð hire cancre, wepinde & graninde bi for godes echnen. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 (MED) Story weldeþ passyng doynges; storie putteþ forþ [L. prærogat; perh. read prorogat] hire professoures. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2288 Bot yit to putte him~selve forth, He moste don his besinesse. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 40 (MED) Tho put hym forth a piloure bifor pilat. 1482 Monk of Evesham 36 There we sawe..men and wemen..put forth to the gretnes of dyuers and inenarrabulle peynes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 672/2 Let hym alone, he can put forthe hym selfe as well as any man in this courte. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 171 Though I uncircumscrib'd my self retire, And put not forth my goodness. View more context for this quotation 1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom I. xxiii. 152 Our adventurer,..without putting forth a moiety of his terror, went home with twenty louis' clear gain. 1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. vii. 99 The..rifle..wants a strong arm, a quick eye, and great judgment in charging, to put forth all its beauties. 1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 548 Panaceas..put forth as checkers or curers of the disease. 1859 Times 22 Apr. 10/6 He put himself forth as the candidate of the Radical Reformers. 1900 Manitoba Morning Free Press 22 Dec. 4/2 He has always put himself forth as the fearless, unflinching champion of that principle. 1910 G. Meredith Ess. on Comedy 36 Rousseau..discusses the character of Alceste, as though Molière had put him forth for an absolute example of misanthropy. 1968 Independent (Pasadena, Calif.) 2 June c5/2 You..are careful not to put yourself forth as a powerhouse of intellect. 1991 C Users Jrnl. Nov. 6 The trouble is, unicode is being put forth as a multibyte code. b. transitive. To stretch forth, stretch out, extend (a part of the body, esp. a hand); to hold out (a thing held in the hand). Cf. to put out 5a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully to put forthc1300 thrustc1374 to put outa1382 proferc1400 outstretcha1425 to hold out1535 outhold1550 push1581 intend1601 stick1607 protrude1638 poke1700 blurt1818 c1300 St. John Baptist (Laud) l. 121, in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 33 Toward þe steorre he drovȝ, And putte forth is hond and wolde hire take. c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 312 Vrban..dar nat ones putte forth his heed; Men sholde hym brennen in a fyr so reed If he were founde. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 433 (MED) Y putte forþ [L. offero] myn heed to be i-smyte of, ȝif þe enemy axith by lawe of bataile. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vi. 25 ‘Petir,’ quaþ a plouȝman and putte forþ his hed. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 438 (MED) He profurd þe ryng vnto þe ymage fynger, and þe ymage put furth hur fynger streght. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xiv. 27 He put forth his staff that he had in his hande. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 792 Many..doe put forth their handes to be..striken with the ferula. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 345 First putting forth his hand. 1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. vi. vii. 415 Very small worms breed without the body..and stick in the skin, and will not come quite forth; but after you rub the child in a Bath they will put forth their heads like black hairs. 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) iii. 22 The hoary Majesty of Spades appears; Puts forth one manly Leg. 1762 T. Jefferson Let. 25 Dec. in Papers (1950) I. 4 Satan has not as yet put forth his hand to load me with bodily afflictions. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxi. 272 ‘You are very unwell,’ the visitor said, putting forth her hand to take Amelia's. 1912 H. Belloc Four Men 27 ‘It is to sharpen this pencil with,’ said the stranger, putting forth a stub of an H.B. much shorter than his thumb. 1959 M. Spark Memento Mori viii. 112 As she put forth her hand another, paler, spider-legged and fluffy creature on the pillow where the bed-lamp cast a shade caught her sight. 1994 Houston Chron. (Nexis) 24 Jan. (Sports section) 1 Smith..put forth the hand connected to his damaged right shoulder. 2. transitive. a. To set forth in words; to state, assert; to propound (a theory, etc.); to ask (a question). Formerly also: †to utter, speak; (reflexive) to express oneself in speech (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)] speakc900 sayOE sayOE tell?a1160 to put forth?c1225 posea1325 allegec1330 declarec1330 exponec1380 to bring fortha1382 expounda1382 terminec1384 allaya1387 express1386 proport1387 purport1389 cough1393 generalize?a1425 deliverc1454 expremec1470 to show forth1498 promisea1500 term1546 to set forward1560 attribute1563 to throw out1573 quote1575 dictate1599 rendera1616 preport1616 enunciate1623 remonstrate1625 state1642 pronunciate1652 annunciate1763 present1779 enounce1805 report1842 constate1865 lodge1885 outen1951 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 200 Ach þis he put forð bifor þe heorte echnen. c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 73 Afor ne honde þai shullen prechen priuelich, & þan hij shullen putten hem forþ [Fr. se mettront] apertelich aȝeins holy chirche. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xiii. 24 Another parable Jhesus putte forth [L. proposuit] to hem. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 18^v He puttiþ forþ accusasiouns & blames. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 230 The kynges nedes were put forth and promoted as touchyng the kyngdom of Fraunce. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job x. 1 Now will I put forth my wordes. 1564 tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Fruitfull & Learned Comm. 218 b Graue men wer wont to put forth ridles or problemes, omitting dangerous talke. 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. viii. 144 I have seene the man..that in most peaceable conversations, will put forth nothing, nor admit of nothing that is not a Dialemma, or a Syllogisme. 1654 E. Burrough & F. Howgil (title) Answers to severall queries put forth to the despised people called Quakers. 1715 W. Whiston Astron. Lect. xxviii. 322 Comes Paganus..laid hold in good Earnest on this Hypothesis as genuine and true; and put forth a Theory of the Planets grounded upon it. 1742 M. Jones Let. 25 Apr. in Misc. in Prose & Verse (1750) 214 Leave me a little of the Polish of the Age; and don't confine me always to the Province of puting forth unwelcome Truths. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 336 Such were the opinions put forth by Sir Thomas Browne. 1884 Brit. Q. Rev. Apr. 352 The Theory put forth by our brethren in the United States. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 16 Sept. 17/2 Much of the seriously intended eugenics put forth by the faddists..is quite as silly as the rules for choosing a husband, based on table manners. 1952 W. J. Miller Introd. Hist. Geol. (ed. 6) vii. 54 In 1796 Laplace published a remarkable work on astronomy, and in it..he put forth his now well-known hypothesis regarding the origin of the solar system. 1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 30 May 15/1 She thinks that she might have vaguely put forth the idea at dinner one night. b. To display, exhibit; to set out for sale or consideration. Also figurative.Not common in recent use in British English. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale cheapa1225 to set out13.. to put forthc1350 utter?c1400 market1455 offer1472 lovea1500 pitch1530 to set on (or a) sale1546 exposea1610 to bring to market1639 huckster1642 shop1688 deal1760 to put on the market1897 merchandise1926 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xviii.2 (MED) Þe daye putteþ forþe þe worde to þe day, and þe nyȝt sheweþ conyng to þe nyȝt. a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxvii. 17 Thei..puttiden forth [L. proposuerunt] in thi fayris bawm and hony and oyle. 1590 J. White Fifth Voy. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 294 The Admirall put forth a flag of counsel. 1591 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Huntington) 129 Laye forth, eych man ilych, what hee hath lafte of his liverye; And I wyll first put forth my pyche with my parte firste. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 641 His Regal State Put forth at full, but still his strength conceal'd. View more context for this quotation 1750 Minutes Proc. Trial Rear-Admiral Knowles 18 The Warwick shortning sail upon the Genoeze Flag being put forth, encreased the Distance between the Cornwall and Warwick. 1770 L. Nihell Rational Self-love vi. 49 These Writers..have been often accused of Disgracing and Calumniating human Nature, by..putting forth every hideous Feature of the Soul. 1858 Times 1 Jan. 9/4 The rich and drawing-room-like decorations of this magnificent church put forth all their splendours for the occasion. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 45 Light by light puts forth Geneva. 1901 E. Arnold Voy. Ithobal 32 Haran and Canneh there Put forth their stores of blue and 'broidered work. 1945 Kingston (N.Y.) Daily Freeman 19 Apr. 13/4 Preparing the printed matter putting forth the advantages of the locality for summer visitors. 1999 Southland (N.Z.) Times (Nexis) 27 Nov. 6 Voters can sit by and watch the politicians put forth their wares in the hope of getting another term. c. To publish, issue; to put into circulation. Cf. to put out 4b at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)] to put forth1482 to put out1529 to set forth1535 promulge1539 to set abroada1555 present1559 to set out1559 utter1561 divulge1566 publish1573 print?1594 emit1650 edition1715 edit1727 to give to the world1757 to get out1786 to send forth1849 to bring out1878 run1879 release1896 pub1932 1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion iv. xviii. f. ccv One Ambrose that put forth his bookes that be had wreton priueli. 1532 (title) A lytell booke of good maners for chyldren nowe lately compyled and put forth by Erasmus Roterodam. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Aii If he be mynded to publyshe and putforth his owne labours. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 71 A certaine dangerous seditious Pamphlet was of late put forth into print. 1669 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 313 Puttinge forth halfe-penys without the townes lycense. 1716 F. Hutchinson Compassionate Addr. to Papists 112 Mr. Cotton Mather, in New-England, hath put forth several Books of such Relations. 1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. 181 The book of sports was put forth by the pious, the religious, the sober Charles the 1st. 1826 Examiner 11/2 ‘John’..is about to put forth a new daily Morning Paper. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 455 Jeffreys..advised James to put forth an edict declaring it to be his majesty's will and pleasure that the customs should continue to be paid. 1876 F. G. Fleay Shakespeare Man. ii. ix. 242 I put forth in the year 1874 a chronological table of Shakespeare's plays. 1911 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 49 298 Several important works on Scandinavian roses have been put forth by the distinguished Swedish rhodologist, Dr. S. Almquist. 1952 Dock Leaves Spring 4 It is..to be hoped that someone will persuade a publishing house to put forth a badly-needed anthology of Anglo-Welsh poetry. 1992 New Age Jrnl. Feb. 43/1 His work..has made him history's single most prolific translator of primary East Asian sacred texts. To date Cleary has put forth more than thirty volumes of transcultural contraband. 1993 R. L. Zimdahl Fund. Weed Sci. xviii. 362 Many nations follow the standards put forth by the UN/FAO CODEX Committee on Pesticide Residues. 3. transitive. To put in operation, to bring into play; to employ or exercise (one's strength, or a quality or ability) to achieve a goal; (also) to lift up (one's voice). †to put it forth: to exert oneself, try hard (also reflexive in same sense) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] > put in effective operation yieldc1315 underbear1382 to put forthc1390 showa1398 apply?c1400 to put outc1400 exercisec1405 to put toc1410 employ?1473 enforce1490 exerce1535 adhibit?1538 addict1562 endeavour?1575 work1591 address1598 to give stream to?1611 to lay out1651 exsert1665 exert1682 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] tillc897 stightlea1375 stretcha1375 wrestlea1382 to put it forthc1390 to put one's hand(s) to (also unto)a1398 paina1400 takea1400 to do one's busy pain (also care, cure, diligence)?a1430 to make great force?c1450 makec1485 to stir one's stumpsa1500 to bestir one's stumps1549 to make work1574 put1596 bestira1616 operate1650 to lay out1659 to be at pains1709 exerta1749 tew1787 maul1821 to take (the) trouble1830 to pull outc1835 bother1840 trouble1880 to buck up1890 hump1897 to go somea1911 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)] afforcec1300 enforcec1386 virtuea1393 endeavourc1400 naitc1400 envirtue1477 exploit1490 to put it forthc1500 constrainc1510 efforce1512 lay1535 evirtuate1642 to exert oneself1736 hump1835 spread1843 to put about1983 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter leadOE givec1175 tell?c1225 talkc1275 to set upa1325 to put outc1350 soundc1374 to give upc1386 pronouncea1393 cough1393 moutha1400 profera1400 forth withc1400 utterc1400 to put forth1535 display1580 vent1602 accent1603 respeak1604 vocalize1669 fetch1707 go1836 outen1951 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. xi. 42 (MED) Þei..Bringeþ forþ Ballede Resouns..And puyteþ forþ presumpciun to preue þe soþe. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxxiii If þe hunters here þat þe houndes renne wele and putte it lustely forth. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 748 Well knew sir Palomydes whan sir Trystram wolde put forthe his strengthe and his manhode. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 963 Put the forthe boldly to ouerthrow Vertew. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. viii. A Doth not wysdome crie? doth not vnderstondinge put forth hir voyce? 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. L4 Virgill putteth himselfe forth to attribute to Augustus Cæsar the best of humane honours. View more context for this quotation 1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil XII Aeneids viii. 315 Whereat he by and by Put forth his strength, and rous'd it from the root, And it remov'd. 1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) i. 63 The good way of putting forth the Voyce gracefully. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature iv. 64 If men would be serious, and put forth themselves. 1792 R. Sydserff Treat. Bees i. 4 The poor captive is desirous of extricating himself by putting forth all his strength. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 434 It was to no purpose, however, that the good Bishop now put forth all his eloquence. 1892 Harper's Mag. June 81/1 They put forth their best pace. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xcviii. 517 The colossus put forth his strength, and..blundered into the semblance of victory. 1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem xii. 89 Hundreds of Saturday-night drunks and hopheads were standing about, weaving in and out the joints, putting forth their voices. 2006 Kansas City (Missouri) Star (Nexis) 7 Oct. 10 They all did a good job... It was a hot day out there and they put forth all the energy they had. †4. transitive. To dismiss or expel from employment, office, tenancy, etc.; to dispossess or deprive of. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > evict tenant to put forth1473 society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (intransitive)] > dismiss or discharge to put forth1564 1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 198 Lecens to bryng in tenandis and put furth at his awin discrecioun. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 248 Gif..the tothir had euill and falsly put him furth of his possessioun. 1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. viii. sig. O.viii^v Certain legions..he dismiste & put forthe of wages. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xxxv. 383 Hee put him forth of pay and tooke his horse from him by force. †5. transitive. a. To expel physically from a place, to drive out. Cf. to put out 3a at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession outshoveOE to do out of ——OE shovec1200 to put out of ——c1225 to cast out1297 void13.. usurpa1325 to put outa1350 outputa1382 outrayc1390 excludea1400 expulse?a1475 expel1490 to shut forth1513 to put forth1526 to turn out1546 depel?1548 disseisin1548 evict1548 exturb1603 debout1619 wincha1626 disseise1627 out-pusha1631 howster1642 oust1656 out1823 purge1825 the bum's rush1910 outplace1928 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. ix. f. xij As sone as the people wer put forthe a dores [1611 put foorth]. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 672/2 I shall put hym forthe at all adventures, put hym in afterwarde who wyll. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xiv. xxi. 524 They begot no children vntill they were put forth of Paradise. 1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Ess. Pathol. Brain viii. 58 To draw away the morbific serosities of the blood, apt to flow forth on the head or breast, and to derive them gently by other ways of evacuation, and to put them forth of doors. b. To send (esp. a child) away from home for education, apprenticeship, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > put out as apprentice to put forth1595 1595 tr. J. Taffin Amendm. of Life iii. 305 By this example may parents take warning, when they mean to put forth their children to anie trade or occupation, eyther to learning. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 7 Other men, of slender reputation Put forth their Sonnes, to seeke preferment out. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. vi. iv. 353 The usual way for rich people is to put forth their children to nurse. 1706 House-keeper's Guide v. 151 Parents when they mean to put forth their Children to any Trade or Occupation, either to Learning, they then ought carefully to see and enquire [etc.]. 6. a. (a) intransitive. Of a plant: to bud; to blossom; to come into leaf; = to put out 12c at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth spriteOE wrideOE brodc1175 comea1225 spirec1325 chicka1400 sprouta1400 germin?1440 germ1483 chip?a1500 spurgea1500 to put forth1530 shootc1560 spear1570 stock1574 chit1601 breward1609 pullulate1618 ysproutc1620 egerminate1623 put1623 germinate1626 sprent1647 fruticate1657 stalk1666 tiller1677 breerc1700 fork1707 to put out1731 stool1770 sucker1802 stir1843 push1855 braird1865 fibre1869 flush1877 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 672/1 This eglantyne tre putteth forthe very tymely. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. ii. 501 Plants put forth and bud too earely, by reason of the mild and warme aire. 1692 B. Keach Banquetting-house viii. 358 The Fig-Tree, Lord, does now put forth, The Summer doth draw near. 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 275 Many unheard-of kinds of Vegetables might put forth, and expose themselves to our Observation. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. I. ix. 413 At last the under shrubs and trees put forth in their order. 1865 Ld. Tennyson On a Mourner iii The beech and lime Put forth and feel a gladder clime. 1891 Bot. Gaz. 16 80 The plant puts forth very early. 1920 L. Bacon Sophia Trenton 26 In April dogwood-trees would blossom there And the young beech put forth. 1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies i. i. 5 Suddenly the rain would lift and the trees come erect again, putting forth to the sun which has as suddenly appeared. (b) transitive. Of a plant: to send out (buds, leaves, roots, flowers, etc.); = to put out 12b at Phrasal verbs 1. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth cast1340 burgeon1382 shoot1526 sprit1559 sprout1574 to put forth1592 to cast forth1611 to put out1614 emit1660 push1676 tiller1677 to throw out1733 to throw up1735 tillerate1762 flush1877 1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xxxix. 173 Our decent Church-Rites..Did then put forth her Braunches, and weare fruitfull in the bood. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. ii. 44 Her Hedges..Put forth disorder'd Twigs. View more context for this quotation 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §407 The standard [rose-tree] did put forth a fair green leaf. 1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 982 When the top-bud [of the tobacco plant] is gone, it puts forth no more Leaves, but Side-branches. 1735 P. Collinson Let. 24 Jan. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 4 The Warmth..had Occasion'd the Skunk Weed to putt Forth Two fine Blossoms. 1763 W. Stukeley Palæographia Sacra 51 Evening primrose and..others, put forth their flowers in the evening. 1851 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 24 July On the day of the coronation, this young olive tree put forth twelve blossoms. 1864 R. Spruce Let. 29 July in C. Darwin Corr. (2001) XII. 292 The stem puts forth claspers (roots) here and there, which adhere to the tree or even closely embrace it, if slender. 1937 S. F. Armstrong Brit. Grasses (ed. 3) ii. 21 Very soon the embryo puts forth a small number of ‘seminal’ rootlets. 1968 P. S. Beagle Last Unicorn xiv. 206 Squat, snaggly trees that had never yet bloomed were putting forth flowers. 1998 Interzone June 50/1 A work of fantasy coils itself around the core-stem of the genre, supporting itself connectedly as it puts forth its own particular garb of leaves and blooms, of pages, characters, and action. (c) intransitive. Of buds, leaves, etc.: to sprout, shoot out, come out. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth > of bud, etc. to put forth1594 to put out1603 pullulate1618 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. D^v Who plucks the bud before one leafe put forth? 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 132 In Acornes, Almonds,..the germ puts [printed pnts] forth at the remotest part of the pulp. 1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De natura rerum v. 146 When flowers put forth, and budding branches shoot. 1730 tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Compl. Herbal II. xi. 523/2 Along the bottom of the Stalk new Buds put forth every year. 1760–1 C. Lennox Lady's Museum No. 10. 789 Its leaf is not unlike that of the laurel, but when it first begins to put forth is a bright scarlet. 1844 M. Fuller Summer on Lakes vi. 204 We sleep soundly until the sun unchains the streams, and makes the tender buds put forth for our subsistence. 1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 282 The buds in the graft do not put forth into leaves till long after the graft has taken. 1924 R. Macaulay Orphan Island xx. 262 Like some lovely fruit that puts forth, ripens, and tumbles..to the ground. 1938 C. Connolly Enemies of Promise xvi. 175 The green shoots which continue to put forth from a tree that has been cut down. †b. transitive. Of an animal: to produce or develop (feathers, teeth, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > develop growth or excrescence [verb (transitive)] knot1697 to put out1737 to put forth1740 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 369 To Put forth Teeth, the First time about the Second yeare of Age. 1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel Compl. Horseman ii. iii. 6 This Excrescency ought not to be taken away till they have put forth all their Teeth. 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 215 A Two Year old Colt, that put forth a Bog-Spavin. 1778 R. Lowth Isaiah (ed. 12) xl. 31 75 They shall put forth fresh feathers like the moulting eagle. 1854 E. B. Eastwick tr. Anvár-i Suhailí i. 111 Their young ones, having gained strength and put forth feathers and wings, were able to move. 1905 J. A. Stewart tr. Plato Timaeus in Myths of Plato 297 The tribe of Birds, putting forth feathers instead of hair. †7. transitive. To gouge out (an eye); = to put out 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] > put out eyes to turn outc1450 to scratch out?1527 to put forth1534 poach1608 gouge1785 gouge1800 deoculate1816 1534 G. Joye tr. Jeremy Prophete Preface sig. A viii Whiche Zedechias..was led also captiue to Babylon, his eyen put forthe. a1547 in J. R. Boyle Early Hist. Town & Port of Hedon (1895) App. p. lxxxviii All them that putethe furthe anye men's or women's ees. 1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 31 [Phineus] put forth the eyes of his children had by his first wife. 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico vii. 43 The Areopagites censured the Boy that put forth the eyes of Quailes. 8. transitive. To cause to come out; to expel, discharge, emit. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] outc1390 issue1442 to put forth1540 dischargea1576 1540 in R. G. Marsden Select Pleas Court Admiralty (1894) I. 99 He toke the tronke in his hands and hallyd it up to the land and there put forth alle the fysh that was in the tronke into a basket. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man vii. f. 92 ^v Sistole is, when the hart by constriction putteth forth the same [spirit]. 1615 R. Hamor True Disc. Present Estate Virginia 20 She [sc. a pig] hath commonly seaven yong ones..which at her pleasure till they be a moneth olde or more she taketh up into her belly, and putteth forth againe without hurt to her selfe or them. 1749 W. Hawkins Henry & Rosamond i. iii. 12 The new-born Spring, When every Flower put forth its earliest Fragrance. 1905 Davenport (Iowa) Morning Star 28 Jan. 7/4 These [water] tanks put forth a stream of considerable size. 1971 Arizona Daily Sun 25 May 4/4 The coal-burning power plant..is putting forth hundreds of tons of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen and of particulates daily. 2000 S. E. Ambrose in Book July 56/1 The locomotives put forth so much smoke that the downwind side of the tracks on the cars was less desirable. 9. transitive. To pay out, expend (money), esp. with the expectation of profit; to invest; †to lend at interest (obsolete). Also figurative. Cf. to put out 10b at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)] utterc1483 to put forth1572 pass1579 to turn and wind1598 wind1598 vent1629 to put outa1719 expose1751 mobilize1864 monetarize1952 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest lenda900 ockera1382 to set out1533 to lend out (or forth)1549 bank1567 to put forth1572 leta1605 to let outa1616 usure1620 fenerate1623 loan1740 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest improve1461 occupy1465 to put out1572 vie1598 put1604 stock1683 sink1699 place1700 vest1719 fund1778 embark1832 to put forth1896 1572 T. Wilson Disc. Vsurye f. 147^v If any do put forth his money for vsurie, it shalbe well allowed in him that so boroweth, if he neuer pay the principal again, much lesse the vsury rising therupon. 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. i. sig. Fiii^v I am determined to put forth some fiue thousand pound, to be paid me fiue for one, vpon the returne of my selfe, my Wife, and my Dog, from the Turkes Court. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxxiv. sig. H4^v Thou vsurer that put'st forth all to vse. View more context for this quotation 1667 T. Vincent Christ's Appearance to Judgment xv. 287 Whatever gifts or graces you have, put them forth to usury, that you may give an account with joy to your Lord. 1693 J. Kirkwood New Family-bk. (ed. 2) 169 You put forth your Money into God's hands, who will not fail to repay it with Usury. 1721 J. Strype Hist. Memorials II. xx. 405 The Gentlemen..that were wont to put forth such Money in Banks..did now think better to keep it in Coffers, without Gains, than to put it in Hucksters Hands, and lose the Principal. 1896 Manitoba Morning Free Press 8 July 2/1 This desire of the advocates of the ‘national policy’ to put forth money and energy to work up a foreign trade. 1962 H. M. Groves et al. Reappraisal Business Taxation v. 44 The gross rates of return that are necessary to induce investors to put forth money for that which is necessary to economic growth go up to 15 and 20 per cent. 1985 Daily Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 23 Dec. 4 a/2 People put money forth in good faith. 2006 Jrnl. Rec. (Oklahoma City) (Nexis) 27 Sept. [They] put forth the most money on a single horse earlier in the season when they claimed stakes-caliber sprinter Lumbre for $35,000. †10. transitive. To extinguish (a flame or light); = to put out 7b at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light) aquenchc1000 quenchOE to do outa1425 extinct1483 to put outa1500 out-quencha1522 dout1526 pop1530 extinguish1551 to put forth1598 snuff1688 douse1753 douse1780 smoor1808 to turn out1844 outen1877 to turn off1892 to black out1913 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 371 By negligence of a scholler appointed by his Scholemaister, to put forth the lights of this Chappell, the Image of our Lady..was with all this apparrell, ornamentes and Chapple it selfe brent. 1661 E. Leigh Choice Observ. Kings Eng. 60 In every house they should then put forth their fire and lights, and go to bed. 11. intransitive. To set out, start on one's way, esp. to sea; to set sail; (also) to make one's way forward. Cf. to put out 11 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage to go to seac900 to take the seac1275 to go or fere to (the) saila1375 sail1387 to make saila1500 to set sail1513 lance1526 launch1534 to put off1582 to put out?1587 to put forth1604 to come to sail1633 underweigh1891 to take sail1904 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out forthfarec888 foundOE seta1000 to go forthOE to fare forthc1200 partc1230 to pass forthc1325 to take (the) gatec1330 to take the wayc1330 to take one's waya1375 puta1382 treunt?a1400 movec1400 depart1490 prepare?1518 to set forth1530 to set forward(s)1530 busklea1535 to make out1558 to take forth1568 to set out1583 sally1590 start1591 to go off1600 to put forth1604 to start outa1626 intend1646 to take the road1720 to take one's foot in one's hand1755 to set off1774 to get off1778 to set away1817 to take out1855 to haul out1866 to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873 to hit, split or take the breeze1910 hop1922 1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 186 The rest [of the ships] seeing that, put forth to Sea with great danger, being a South-east winde. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 156 If any Barke put forth, come to the Mart, Where I will walke till thou returne to me. View more context for this quotation 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 18 Cyrus putting forth a little before the rest, viewed both Armies at a good distance. 1707 J. Delme tr. P. Delmé Parable Sower 84 Many expert Mariners and Pilots, after they have put forth from one Port..are shipwreck'd at the very design'd Port. 1766 D. Lloyd State-worthies II. 412 Viscount Wimbleton and the earl of Essex..putting forth to sea, were much damaged with a furious storm. 1821 P. B. Shelley Time 9 Who shall put forth on thee, Unfathomable Sea? 1843 W. Wordsworth Grace Darling 50 Together they put forth, Father and Child! 1918 E. L. Masters Toward Gulf 10 The boats put forth for the ports. 1942 Times 13 Aug. 7/3 Many a ship might have been seen putting forth from Dover and other Channel ports laden with..treasures. 1994 Press Enterprise (Riverside, Calif.) (Nexis) 11 Sept. a14 Suppose..you heard this neighboring country will feed, clothe and house you at its taxpayers' expense if you put forth to sea? to put forward †1. intransitive. To press forward, advance, hasten on. Also: to come forward, offer oneself. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency shovec888 thringc893 thresta1225 wina1300 thrustc1330 pressa1375 throngc1440 wrestc1450 thrimp1513 to put forward1529 intrude1562 breast1581 shoulder1581 haggle1582 strivea1586 wrestle1591 to push on (also along)1602 elabour1606 contend1609 to put on?1611 struggle1686 worry1702 crush1755 squeege1783 battle1797 scrouge1798 sweat1856 flounder1861 pull?1863 tank1939 bulldozer1952 terrier1959 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] > intrude or interfere chop1535 shovel1540 to put (also stick, shove, etc.) one's oar in1542 intrude1573 to put in one's spoke1580 to put forward1816 neb1889 to butt in1899 to butt into ——1900 horn1912 muscle1928 chisel1936 1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters f. xxxiii Ye deuyll neuer ceacyd for hys parte dylygently to put forward. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. 361 For against these troupes and cornets of horse that thus violently put forward, the Samnites battaile stood unmoveable. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 217 Many make a profession, and put forward to an holy conversation. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. Scotl. (1655) sig. O3^v The banished Champion..put forward towards Loch.Maben. 1694 J. Dryden Love Triumphant iii. i. 45 Put forward, Man, I'll second you. 1780 C. Reeve Old Eng. Baron (ed. 2) 195 Mr. William and his servant put forward, and arrived several hours before the rest. 1816 J. Austen Emma II. i. 4 Always putting forward to prevent Harriet's being obliged to say a word. View more context for this quotation 1873 J. Chislett in T. B. H. Stenhouse Rocky Mountain Saints 318 Every man and woman..worked to their utmost to put forward towards the goal of their hopes. 2. transitive. To advance for consideration or acceptance; to propound, propose; to urge; to represent as. Also with that-clause as object. Cf. forward adv. 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration puta1350 purposea1382 propone1402 motion1505 exhibit1529 propound?1531 prefer1539 raise1566 to put forward1569 broach1579 start1579 offer1583 propose1614 first1628 to put it to a person1664 moot1685 suppose1771 pose1862 to put up1901 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. xiii. 126 The people woulde not consent thereto, but sharplie rebuked those whiche vrged and put forward the matter. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1198 Apollo..himselfe ministred and infused certeine imaginations, helping to put forward the loftie and learned kinde of language, as being much prized and esteemed. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey (1647) i. i. 4 If you have any good prayers, put 'em forward. 1702 R. Neve Apopiroscopy ii. 176 Some put forward, That the Air might have the faculty of nourishing Vegetables ascrib'd to it. 1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. 46 I'll put the matter forward, and make my lord invite her to the next ball. 1799 R. Jebb Reply to Pamphlet 48 Surely it argues a most contemptuous opinion of our understandings to put this forward as a serious argument. 1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 114/2 The emperor informed himself..of all the rights and claims put forward. 1876 Times 13 July 11/3 [He] said he was not putting forward that the horse running away caused the symptoms. 1889 H. D. Traill Strafford iv. 32 Several theories..have been put forward to account for Wentworth's apostasy. 1946 R.A.F. Jrnl. May 170 A suggestion was put forward to form an association or club. 1982 I. Hamilton Robert Lowell (1983) xix. 344 He had agreed that his name be put forward as a candidate for..the Professorship of Poetry at Oxford. 2006 Philos. Now Feb. 19/1 There is nothing new in the thesis put forward by postmodern philosophers. †3. transitive. To cause to make progress; to further, advance; to promote. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] furtherc888 to bring onc1230 advancea1250 speeda1300 nourishc1300 avaunt1393 promotec1433 pasture?a1439 advantage?1459 promove1475 preferc1503 conduce1518 to set forth1528 to set forward(s)1530 to take forth1530 fillip1551 help1559 farther1570 foster1571 shoulder1577 to put forward1579 seconda1586 foment1596 hearten1598 to put on1604 fomentate1613 succeed1613 expeditea1618 producea1618 maturate1623 cultivate1641 encourage1677 push1693 forward1780 progress1780 admove1839 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 899 Afterwards he attempted to put forward him selfe, and to practise in matters of state. 1613 A. Sherley Relation Trav. Persia 103 Though I stood in need of little helpe to put forward the kings affection towardes me. 1635 O. Cromwell Let. 11 Jan. in Writings & Speeches (1937) (modernized text) I. 80 It only remains now that He who first moved you to this, put you forward to the continuance thereof. 1664 E. Leigh Analecta Caesarum Romanorum 42 That by his own Example he might put forward the publick frugality, he himself..caused oftentimes to be served up to the Board viands dressed the day before. 1721 J. Perry Acct. Stopping Daggenham Breach 70 I us'd my utmost Application to put forward the Work to recover the lost time. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §288 Being wanted at Plymouth, to put forward the work of..the lantern. 4. transitive (in later use chiefly reflexive). To push into view or prominence, to make conspicuous; to offer (oneself or another) as. Cf. to put forth 1a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > expose to public view [verb (transitive)] to put forth?c1225 to hit out1579 to set a-sunshining1601 to put forward1611 to hold out1613 expose1623 theatrizea1679 produce1686 parade1765 to bring forward1783 the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (reflexive)] profferc1300 to put fortha1393 proponea1500 offer1739 to put forward1849 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xix. 33 And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Iewes putting him forward [1526 Tyndale thrustynge him forwardes] . View more context for this quotation 1727 J. Swift Let. to very Young Lady in Misc. II. 326 When both [sexes] are mixt and well chosen, and put their best qualities forward, there may be an intercourse of civility and good-will. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. iii. iv. 78 These very clergymen, that put you forward to blackguard for them will stand by laughing in their sleeves that you could be such a fool. 1849 G. P. R. James Woodman II. iii. 43 Who are you, my good friend, who put yourself so forward? 1863 C. Reade Hard Cash I. xii. 280 Mr. Tickell was put forward as interpreter. 1886 A. Sergeant No Saint xi People don't like to put themselves forward. 1923 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 15 Mar. 7/5 (advt.) Instead of hiding them you will be putting them forward. 1978 R. Rendell Sleeping Life ii. 16 I don't want to put myself forward, but I do read detective books. 1999 Wired Feb. 156/3 Anyone willing to put herself forward as an expert was instantly accepted. 5. transitive. To adjust (a timepiece) to show a later time, esp. (in later use) in order to conform to a change in local time; to move (the hands of a clock) forward. Cf. to put back 6a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set setc1400 temper1538 roll1583 rule1595 winda1616 to wind upa1616 to set forwarda1627 to set back1635 regulate1665 to put back1704 to put forward1741 to put on1826 time1873 1741 J. Parry True Anti-Pamela 226 Whilst I took a turn or two in the Garden, they (who the Devil will one Day trick) put the Clock forward 50 minutes. 1812 F. Shelley Diary 12 June (1912) v. 61 Her attendants endeavoured to deceive her, by putting the clocks forward. 1845 C. Dickens Chimes iii He saw some putting the hands of clocks forward. 1908 Times 3 July 13/4 There is nothing to be done but just to put the clocks forward by an hour. 1989 P. Farmer Thicker than Water (1991) i. 15 The clocks had already been put forward for summer time, at seven o'clock it was still light outside. 2005 Managem. Today (Nexis) 7 Feb. 34 Staff put the office clocks, and his watch, forward, and wrote on his forehead in green felt-tip, ‘Hi Stef’. to put in 1. transitive. a. To place within a receptacle or enclosing space; to insert, introduce; †to drive in, embed (obsolete).to put the boot in: see boot n.³ 1b. to put in the needle: see needle n. 18a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] to do ineOE to put ina1300 insetc1374 to throw ina1382 inducec1420 intriec1420 to set ina1425 tryc1440 enter1489 insert1529 turn1544 insere1557 infer1572 input1593 intromitc1600 introduce1695 to run in1756 a1300 Passion our Lord 200 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 43 (MED) Put in..þi sweord anon in þe stude. a1325 Holy Cross (Corpus Cambr.) 63 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 169 (MED) He putte in is heued as he bad and bihuld al aboute. c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 762 In an erthen pot..is..salt yput [v.r. ypitte] in and also papeer Biforn thise poudres that I speke of heer. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5823 (MED) He put his hand in, fair in hele, And vte he drogh it als mesel [a1400 Gött. mesele]. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 164 (MED) Yf thow sette a plaunte..Putte in a lytel moysty molde. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 236 (MED) Ther as the mene peple were fledde in-to caves for socour, thei putt in fier, and brent hem therynne. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xl. 130 When ther shypp was garnysshed, they put in theyr horses and ther armure. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. D7v Some put in naughty wool, and cause it to be spun & drawne into a very small thred. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 43 And now about the Cauldron sing..Inchanting all that you put in . View more context for this quotation 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iv. vi. 66 in Wks. II Come put in his legge in the middle roundell. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 200 When the Coffin was put in, the black Velvet Pall that had cover'd it was thrown over it. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery vii. 70 Butter the Inside before you put in your Batter. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 118 A Gardener putting in a graff. 1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks xii The old gentleman puts in his head at the door. 1910 Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 103/2 The methylator had not the slightest interest in putting in one drop more naphtha than the Excise officials compelled him to utilise. 1951 S. Plath Jrnl. July (2000) 79 Almost decided to put in hot coals to warm the sheets. 2005 D. Cowie Owen Noone & Marauder 291 I'd found our first album earlier... I put it in and pressed play. b. spec. (a) To place (seed or plants) in the ground; to sow, plant. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)] sowc1000 besowc1175 inseminate1623 to put in1657 sprain1744 shed1770 to get in1771 seminate1796 broadcast1807 seed1814 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)] setc725 planteOE impc1420 enroot1490 implant1610 to put in1657 to plant out1664 to put out1699 to stop in1826 to put down1865 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 69 We will put in a plant amongst the trees,..that is so like a sugar Cane as hardly to be discern'd, the one from the other. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Kalendar 40 Continue to put in Beans and Pease every fortnight, that there may be a succession of them through the season. 1798 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 2) iv. 50 Plants..are best put in by a small spade or trowel. 1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 425 Oats..are put in with the grass seeds in one ploughing. 1941 C. Milburn Diary 1 June (1979) 99 I..put in the rest of the snaps after raking out the rest of the tulips. 1973 A. Christie Postern of Fate ii. ii. 69 It's about time..you thought of putting some vegetables in. 2002 Water Gardener July 32 When the Calverts had cleared the ground and were ready for planting, they put in all kinds of bog plants. (b) To place (a horse, etc.) between the shafts of a cart, in a harness, etc.; to harness to a vehicle. Cf. sense 11f and to put to 2c at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness harness13.. putc1550 to put in1709 tackle1714 to put to1732 reharness1775 crupper1787 crup1880 tack1946 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [verb (transitive)] > yoke (a horse, cart, or carriage) join1377 couple1393 bind1535 to put in1709 to put to1732 to hook up1825 inspan1834 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 158 The Priestess..call'd for her Coachman, and bid him put in his Horses, for away would she go. 1814 J. Austen Let. 2 Mar. (1995) 255 We therefore did no more..than..sit in the Carriage while fresh Horses were put in, and proceeded directly to Cobham. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxi. 55 The horse was accordingly put in, and the chaise brought round. 1891 Strand Mag. Jan. 90/2 Tell them to put the horses in at once. 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxiv. 365 You want to go?.. I'll just have a horse put in. 1987 Carriage Driving Spring 32/3 Your horse certainly does not want to be put in too tightly, but..it is simplicity itself to adjust properly made harness. †(c) To post (a letter, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > sending items > send items [verb (transitive)] > put in post to put in1711 letterbox1807 mail1827 post1837 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 15 Dec. (1948) II. 439 I put in my letter this evening myself. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 122 When I came to the Post-House, as I went to put in my Letter, I saw a Man..talking to another. 1800 J. Hughes New Law List 241 Letters, whether from town or country, may be put in at either of the Two Principal Offices at least half an hour later for each Dispatch. 1844 R. Chambers Vestiges Nat. Hist. Creation 312 The number of letters put in without addresses is year by year the same. (d) To install (a fixture or feature) in a building, etc. ΚΠ 1880 Decatur (Illinois) Daily Republican 27 Jan. Haworth & Sons were among the first to subscribe for a phone, but the company was a little tardy in putting in the instrument. 1898 Weekly Gaz. (Colorado) 28 Dec. 15/6 Roberts & Bischoff, general contractors, erected the building; St. John Brothers put in the plumbing, steam and gas fitting, etc.; the El Paso Electric company installed the electric equipment. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 224 This bath had been put in lately, and was at once the pride and the terror of the servants. 1962 H. Jennings Societies in Making iv. 182 What's the use of trying to do repairs and decorations or re-tile the kitchen or put in a bathroom till we know what's happening to the street. 1984 ‘A. Cross’ Sweet Death, Kind Death (1988) xiii. 152 They put in a swimming pool some years ago, and recently they planted a lawn. 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Jan. x. 19/2 We're gonna put in showroom-style flooring and a sound system. 2. transitive. a. To install or appoint (a person) as the occupant of a particular office or position, to fulfil a particular function, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] setc1000 stevenOE assign1297 inseta1300 stable1300 ordaina1325 instituec1384 to put ina1387 limitc1405 point?1405 stablish1439 institutec1475 invest1489 assumec1503 to fill the hands of1535 establish1548 settle1548 appoint1557 place1563 assumptc1571 dispose1578 seat1595 state1604 instate1613 to bring ina1616 officea1616 constitute1616 impose1617 ascribe1624 install1647 to set up1685 prick1788 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 7 Whanne Odo was dede, þis Elsinus..gat slyliche a maundmente of þe kyng, and was i-put in [?a1475 anonymous translation was electe; L. intrusus est] at Caunterbury. c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 790 God forleseth the chirche..by hem that yeuen chirches to hem that ben nat digne, for they putten in theues that stelen the soules of Iesu Crist. a1450 (?1409) St. Patrick's Purgatory (Royal) 58 (MED) I was put in by þe prior of seint Mathew. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 21 Alssua jn the tyme of ane othir pape Benait was grete errour..for he was put out, and ane othir forsabily put jn. a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 232/6 The quene..put in new keparis in the castellis of Edinburgh [etc.]. 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. ii. 92 You..Haue causde him by new act of Parlement To blot our brother out, and put his owne son in. 1666 S. Pepys Diary 24 June (1972) VII. 180 He doth plainly diminish the commanders put in by the Duke. 1675 W. Cave Apparatus ii. p. xxxiv, in Bp. J. Taylor & W. Cave Antiquitates Christianæ He thrust out Onias the High Priest, and put in his brother Jason. 1745 R. Pococke Descr. East II. i. iv. viii. 267 The archbishop is put in by the patriarch of Constantinople. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. iv. xxxiii. 341 The old Squire..had been obliged to put in a new bailiff. 1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks xxii She..had to put in a couple, as caretakers, at so much per week. 1905 Sunday Gaz. & Tel. (Colorado Springs, Colorado) 12 Feb. The nephew who inherited it put in a caretaker. 1982 F. McGuinness Factory Girls i. 5/2 If this factory is in such a bad state why was a young fella put in to do a man's job? 1990 D. DiMaggio & B. Gilbert Real Grass, Real Heroes xii. 161 They were liable to get fired, and Gus would be put in as manager. b. Cricket. (a) To send (a player) in as batter; (b) to decide, having won the toss, that (a team, typically the opposing one) will go into bat, esp. first. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > put (person) in to bat to put in1823 to send in1857 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > put (team) in to bat first to put in1823 to send in1912 1823 Lady's Mag. July 390/2 David Willis, who, injudiciously put in first..was bowled out, without a stroke, from actual nervousness. 1836 New Sporting Mag. Oct. 360 Eton having won the toss, put Winchester in. 1888 A. G. Steel in A. G. Steel & R. H. Lyttelton Cricket (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) iv. 200 It is as well not to put in two hard-hitters together if possible, as it often tends to make one hit against the other. 1900 P. F. Warner Cricket in Many Climes 212 Lord Hawke, on winning the toss, put the other side in. 1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 78 It was to be his last as captain, after putting the Australians in and then losing the match. 2006 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 27 June 34 Put in after Denbighshire had won the toss, Gwynedd set a challenging total of 223-6. 3. a. transitive. To present formally, submit, or tender (a document, evidence, a plea, surety, etc.), esp. in a law court or to an official body. In later use frequently more generally: to make or register (an offer to purchase, a bid, a claim, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > lay before court leadc825 presenta1325 pursue1384 propone1400 to put in1447 enterc1503 table1504 to bring in1602 deduce1612 lodge1708 lay1798 to bring up1823 1447 in S. A. Moore Lett. & Papers J. Shillingford (1871) 19 (MED) Hit was seyde apoune the answerys of the Bysshop, Deane, and Chapitre, put yn and we to replye. 1459 J. Bokkyng in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 187 Þere be many and diuerse particuler billes put jnne but noon redde ner touchyng vs. 1557 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 265 Putyng yn suffycyent suirty for the payment. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 287 Kin. To prison with her... Dia. Ile put in baile my liedge. 1654 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 11 The Court ordered him a coppie thereof, and 14 dayes time to putt in his answere. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. ii. 181 If they have put in the Banns, I desire you will publish them no more without my Orders. View more context for this quotation 1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 281 Colette may put in a claim. 1829 Examiner 716/2 The conduct of Mr. Mores, in putting in an execution under these circumstances. 1835 J. J. Strang Diary 24 June in M. M. Quaife Kingdom of St. James (1930) 228 The officer refused to take me in custody and I went alone and put in bail. 1891 Law Times Rep. 63 733/1 At the trial..the plaintiff..put in an information sworn by the defendant. 1936 J. Cary Afr. Witch i. 11 He had already put in a formal claim. 1988 Oxf. Jrnl. Legal Stud. 8 351 On 15 March [1882] he put in a distress for that rent. 2000 A. Taylor Where Roses Fade (2003) xvi. 126 I've put in an offer for the house, Richard. Shipston accepted it this afternoon. b. intransitive. To present or advance one's own claim; to offer oneself as a candidate; to enter, bid, or apply for. Formerly also (with for): †to claim to be something specified (obsolete).In quot. a1616¹: to plead or intercede for a person. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > intercede or use influence for [verb (transitive)] entreata1425 mediate1578 to put ina1616 to speak up1705 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > claim to be claimc1330 to figure for1596 to put ina1616 society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > offer oneself for stand1467 to put ina1616 to declare for1669 society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] > enter a competition for to put in1712–13 a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 92 They had gon down to, but that a wise Burger put in for them. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. iv. 85 Luci. Put in now Titus. Tit. My Lord, heere is my Bill. View more context for this quotation 1627 J. Ussher Let. in R. Parr Life J. Usher (1686) Coll. cxvi. 376 Many most unfit Persons are now putting in for that place. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. E2/2 A woman..whose all-excelling Forme Disdaines comparison with any She That puts in for a faire one. 1712–13 R. Steele Guardian No. 6. ⁋5 He puts in for the Queen's plate every year. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. vi. 530 Clodius was putting in at the same time for the Prætorship. 1821 Ld. Byron Let. 2 Aug. (1978) VIII. 165 I know no man who looks so well for his years... So don't talk of decay, but put in for eighty. 1892 Sat. Rev. 16 July 65/1 Opposition without mercy to every Minister who puts in for re-election. 1903 Everyday Electr. I. 1 The competent contractor..will find it worth while to ‘put in’ for the work. 1974 J. McGahern Leavetaking ii. 177 When you put in for that leave of absence I supported you. 2003 Smash Hits! 12 Nov. 8/3 His spies tell him that Jamie put in for his test after just one lesson. 4. a. intransitive. To go in, enter; spec. (a) Nautical to enter a port or harbour, esp. as a deviation from the intended course (cf. sense 9c); †(b) to make an informal call or chance visit to a house, to drop in (obsolete); (c) Falconry (of quarry) to fly into cover for safety. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > reach land or port > temporarily touch1511 to put in1598 society > leisure > social event > visit > visiting > visit [verb (intransitive)] > visit informally to call in1573 to drop in1609 to look ina1616 to come round1620 to go round1636 to put in1668 to go around1742 to happen in1749 to run in and out1779 to come around1822 to pop in and out1846 to happen in with1883 to stop in1904 stop1905 the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > quarry > action of quarry [verb (intransitive)] > fly to covert to put in1883 a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 98 (MED) Ouer þat certayne nomber..none be resseyuid in þe same hous wiþowte special licence..it schal be þan ordeynid how many persones may þer putte inne ouer the nombre of olde time. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. i. 1/2 Lisbone, where some of our Fleet put in, and left vs. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 66 Cas. Now, who has put in? 2 Gent. Tis one Iago. View more context for this quotation 1668 S. Pepys Diary 16 Feb. (1976) IX. 72 Mr. Hollier put in and dined with my wife and me. 1704 Boston News-let. 23 Oct. 2/2 He was bound for Boston, but proving very Leaky put in here. 1799 tr. F.-G. Ducray-Duminil Ambrose & Eleanor 123 He acts the same with respect to vessels which unfortunately put in here for repairs. 1858 R. M. Ballantyne Coral Island xxiii. 277 The only place among the southern islands where a ship can put in and get what she wants in comfort. 1883 F. H. Salvin & W. Brodrick Falconry in Brit. Isles (new ed.) Gloss. 152 The place..where the quarry has ‘put in’. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 436/1 A decree requiring that every vessel navigating within sight of its lights should put in there. 1970 T. Williams Let. 2 Dec. in Five O'Clock Angel (1991) 221 We put in at Honololu on Xmas Eve. 1992 E. Ford Falconry: Art & Pract. xiii. 160/1 Young grouse will sometime put in on short or burnt heather where they have no cover. †b. transitive. To drive in; to compel to go in; spec. (a) Nautical (of the weather) to drive (a ship) into a port (cf. sense 5b); (b) Falconry (of a hawk) to drive (quarry) to cover. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (transitive)] > drive (of weather, etc.) put1511 to put in?1614 the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [verb (transitive)] > drive into water or covert enew1486 to put in1826 ?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ix. 131 Whom stormes put in there, are with stay embrac't. 1633 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 115 The Richard..was forced to bear up, and was put in at Weymouth. 1795 Ld. Nelson Let. 25 July in Pearson's Catal. (1886) No. 9. 29 The Agamemnon is put in here by bad weather. 1826 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 25 If the bird is put in, the second may be in the right style, as the hawk will then have time to get up to his pitch. 1867 M. Gibaud in W. B. Stewart Life on Line (1997) vii. 92 The Government Schooner La Canadienne arrived here 4th instant, put in by bad weather. 1891 J. E. Harting Bibliotheca Accipitraria Gloss. 226 A Goshawk,..having ‘put in’ a covey of partridges,..takes stand, marking the spot where they disappeared from view. 5. transitive. To supply or provide in addition; to insert as an addition or supplement; to add. ΚΠ 1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis 314 We must put in the casuall [read causal] word Fear not Abram: bycause I am thy buckler. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. ii. 153 These are arts Would not mis-become you, though you should put in Obedience and duty. 1643 J. Angier Lancashires Valley of Achor 7 But when God put the work into their hands, he put in skill. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) False Quarter,..is an unsound Quarter [of a horse's hoof], seeming like a piece put in, and not all entire. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 114 Amended and rectified, by putting in the words St. Stephen's near. 1858 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night ii. v He..put in an untrained bass to her well-taught soprano. 1891 B. J. L. Adams Bonnie Kate I. i. 17 As though a painter had touched them with a brush fresh from ‘putting in’ a sunset. 1903 W. D. Howells Lett. Home ii. 17 That would allow me to put in some Thackeray touches..and I could use my own experience. 1955 K. Amis Let. 27 Feb. (2000) 422 I have put in a gloss on ‘hwyl’, which is such a well-known Welsh word that I should like to retain it. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 20 Apr. ii. 28/1 String parts are sent to the principal players, who study them and put in bowing directions. 6. a. transitive. To interpose (a blow, shot, etc.); to intervene with; to get in (a word or remark). Also with direct speech as object.to put one's oar in: see oar n. Phrases 1. to put in one's spoke: see spoke n. 3a. to put in the leather (colloquial): to kick, esp. brutally (cf. to put the boot in at boot n.³ 1b). to put in a (good) word for: to speak favourably on behalf of; to commend; cf. to say a good word for (also about) at good word n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > stroke with weapon > strike with a weapon [verb (transitive)] > interpose a stroke to put in1644 the mind > language > speech > interruption > interrupt (speech) [verb (transitive)] > interpose interpone1523 interpose1605 to throw in1630 to edge in1683 to put in1693 interject1791 interjaculate1853 to drag in (into)1868 to chip in1872 interpolate1881 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. in Euphues (new ed.) f. 99 Camilla not thinking to be silent, put in hir spoake as she thought into the best wheele. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. viii. 57 A nimble fencer will put in a thrust so quicke, that the foile will be in your bosome, when you thought it a yard off. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 207 Give me leave to put in a word. View more context for this quotation 1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 30 A Man can no more put in a word with you, than with..some of our Coffee-House Holders-forth. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 145 At last the Seaman put in a Hint that determin'd it. 1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 Chron. 199/2 After a few feints on each side, Ryan put in the first blow. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto IV xlix. 95 The third..took The blows upon his cutlass, and then put His own well in. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 493 Wallop sate down; and Baxter himself attempted to put in a word. 1862 Mrs. H. Wood Channings I. xi. 157 ‘Gently, Tom!’ put in Mr. Channing. 1889 C. Larking With Everything against Her III. v. 97 You may depend upon my putting in a word for you whenever I can. 1907 A. Wright Keane of Kalgoorlie 107 ‘It's red 'ot,’ put in Dave, ‘th'way these 'ere owners makes er pore man give 'em a lump in th' sweep.’ 1943 J. Phelan Lett. from Big House ii. 30 Almost before he reached the ground the party piled on him. Some punched and cursed, others..‘put in the leather’. 1961 J. B. Wilson Reason & Morals ii. 120 J. R. Lucas..even puts in a good word for the religion-game. 1996 Eat Soup Dec. 130/2 I must put in my ‘two pennyworth’ in response to Johnny Acton's Why I Hate Coriander. b. intransitive. To intervene; to interrupt. Now U.S. regional. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > act in another's business or intervene [verb (intransitive)] to step in1474 to go (etc.) between the bark and the tree1546 to make in1575 intermediate1610 interposea1616 to put in1631 intervene1646 to strike ina1715 to wade in1905 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre Induct. sig. A4^v in Wks. II Hee has..kick'd me three, or foure times..for but offering to putt in, with my experience. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xc. 180 Unless your Majestie put in betwixt my misery, and my Creditors rage. a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 254 [A Man] of a Temper so throughly Peaceable, that he had not hitherto put in at all. 1855 Harper's Mag. Oct. 602/1 Oh, Moses, if you have any love for your brother, put in, and divide this fight! 1901 W. N. Harben Westerfelt 290 You wus tellin' me..'at the lan' an' house wus in yore name an' her'n, an' 'at I had no right to put in. 1967 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 393/2 Could I put in? 7. transitive. a. To contribute as (one's share of) work or duty; to perform (a spell or stint of work, etc.), esp. as part of a larger effort.to put in an appearance: see appearance n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > among other occupations to put in1890 1818 ‘A. Burton’ Adventures Johnny Newcome ii. 68 The phrase of, ‘putting in a watch’; We mean, we should have let you know That John was ‘Watched’, and long ago Familiarized to all the rout Of turning in and rousing out. 1890 Standard 14 Feb. 2/8 The Dark Blues resumed work yesterday..and put in some useful practice. 1892 Pict. World 9 Apr. 670/2 Nothing could induce that man to put in more than four chapels a week. 1933 M. Lowry Ultramarine 111 I've just been putting in some overtime. 1968 F. Exley Fan's Notes iii. 117 I had one more ‘tour of duty’ to put in at the funny farm. 2003 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 8 Apr. 10 We cannot pray for the harvest, without putting in our share of the work. b. colloquial. To pass or spend (a period of time) in a specified or implied activity. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > in some activity spenda1300 addict1604 busy1629 to put in1863 do1897 1863 C. B. Gibson Life among Convicts II. viii. 105 A man with a sentence of twelve years, no matter how exemplary his conduct, must put in nine years. 1882 R. L. Stevenson Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. 308 If he had to wait for a dish of poached eggs, he must put in the time by playing on the flageolet. 1920 R. Macaulay Potterism ii. i. 67 Johnny, putting in a fairly amusing time with his own friends. 1955 J. P. Donleavy Ginger Man xix. 216 I've come back to this place after putting in a half year of loneliness. 1972 J. Aiken Butterfly Picnic i. 9 The hours I have put in hanging about for her on station platforms. 2004 Carmarthen Jrnl. (Nexis) 11 Aug. 7 Hopefully when business picks up I can put in more hours. c. To contribute or invest (money). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > contribution > contribute [verb (transitive)] contribute1530 confera1538 to scat and lot1560 to kick in1908 to put in1915 1915 W. Cather Song of Lark v. ii. 355 You'd put in your talent..and hard work, and I'd put in the money. 1932 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 23 Apr. 1/4 ‘How much did you put in?’ ‘About $500,000.’ 1938 ‘N. West’ Let. 21 Oct. in Novels & Other Writings (1997) 788 Please don't mention a word of Joe and I having put money in to anyone... It may be a case of throwing good money after bad, but I felt I had to do it. 1995 Guardian 5 Dec. ii. 2/5 Everyone puts in £2.50 to pay for the sports hall. 8. transitive. To let in, engage (the clutch of a motor vehicle). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a motor vehicle > operate clutch or gears throw1804 to put in1902 to slip (in) the clutch1904 shift1910 to let in1933 double-clutch1938 to let out1958 1902 J. E. Hutton in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) xv. 337 When he got to the bottom he put in the clutch on the second speed, and essayed to run up the other side. 1928 J. Galsworthy Swan Song iii. iv. 246 ‘This is where I put in my clutch,’ she said, ‘as they say in the “bloods”!’ 1976 ‘E. McBain’ Guns (1977) vii. 174 Colley puts in the clutch and manipulates the gear shift. 2006 Essex Chron. (Nexis) 22 June 23 If the lights ahead turn red, gently decelerate and put the clutch in to cut the engine revs and fuel consumption. 9. transitive. Australian slang. To send to prison, to convict (cf. to put away 2f at Phrasal verbs 1). Also: to inform on, ‘turn in’ (cf. to put away 4 at Phrasal verbs 1). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)] > secure the conviction of to put in1911 to sew up1927 society > communication > information > informing on or against > inform on or against [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 meldeOE bimeldena1300 forgabc1394 to blow up?a1400 outsay?a1400 detectc1449 denounce1485 ascry1523 inform1526 promote1550 peach1570 blow1575 impeach1617 wheedle1710 split1795 snitch1801 cheep1831 squeal1846 to put away1858 spot1864 report1869 squawk1872 nose1875 finger1877 ruck1884 to turn over1890 to gag on1891 shop1895 pool1907 run1909 peep1911 pot1911 copper1923 finger1929 rat1932 to blow the whistle on1934 grass1936 rat1969 to put in1975 turn1977 1885 Once Month (Melbourne) Dec. 430 As many as sixty diggers, handcuffed together like convicts, have been marched to the camp and put in the ‘logs’.] 1911 A. Wright Gambler's Gold (1923) 82 I ain't wantin' anythin' ter do with th' police... They put me in fer six weeks after your affair. 1951 S. Mackenzie Dead Men Rising i. 52 Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to put you in, only that's about the one thing I've never done in my life. 1975 Sydney Morning Herald 3 July 11/1 A lagger is someone who puts people in to the police. to put off 1. transitive. To postpone to a later time; to defer. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] forslowc888 eldc897 forsita940 gele971 lengOE drilla1300 delayc1300 onfrestc1300 tarryc1320 jornc1330 dretchc1380 defer1382 forbida1387 to put offa1387 to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393 dilate1399 fordrawa1400 to put overc1410 latch?c1422 adjournc1425 prolongc1425 proloynec1425 rejournc1425 to put in respite1428 sleuthc1430 respitea1450 prorogue1453 refer1466 sleep1470 supersede1482 respectc1487 postpone1496 overseta1500 respett1500 enjourna1513 relong1523 retract1524 tarde1524 track1524 to fode forth1525 tract1527 protract1528 further1529 to make stay of1530 surcease1530 prorogate1534 to fay upon longc1540 linger1543 retard?1543 slake1544 procrastine1548 reprieve1548 remit1550 suspense1556 leave1559 shiftc1562 suspend1566 procrastinate1569 dally1574 post1577 to hold off1580 drift1584 loiter1589 postpose1598 to take one's (own) timea1602 flag1602 slug1605 elong1610 belay1613 demur1613 tardya1616 to hang up1623 frist1637 disjourn1642 future1642 off1642 waive1653 superannuate1655 perendinate1656 stave1664 detard1675 remora1686 to put back1718 withhold1726 protract1737 to keep over1847 to hold over1853 laten1860 to lay over1885 hold1891 back-burner1975 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 441 Þe kyng was i-meved to helpe þe chirche þat so was hevedles and wedwe, and wolde putte it of [?a1475 anonymous translation made this excuse; L. differebat] wiþ a meke answere. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 12^v Angels..serueþ god..& doþ his hestes..in an instant, and puttiþ nouȝt of for to a morwe. c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 20 (MED) Þat may be reiorned, or put of to þe werkeday of serueabul werkes. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. iii–v. sig. av They fell oute at that tyme that it was put of tyll Candelmas, And thenne all the barons shold mete there ageyne. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 673/2 It is put of for this tyme. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. C1 Farre from delaieng, or putting of poore mens causes. 1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies i. ii. 11 All things are now in Readiness, and must not Be put off. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. cv I am oblig'd to put off the Others to another opportunity. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xi. 254 The departure of the galeon was put off. 1783 S. Johnson Let. 26 Aug. (1994) IV. 190 I would not have you put off your journey, for all my motions are uncertain. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxiv. 206 As he opened the letter he trembled lest the dinner should be put off on which he was calculating. 1889 A. M. Jocelyn Distracting Guest II. xv. 227 I shall assuredly put our wedding off. 1903 G. B. Shaw Man & Superman iii. 80 It is the custom..always to put off business until to-morrow. 1948 Life 6 Sept. 103/3 (advt.) If you've never used Wildroot Cream-Oil, don't put it off any longer. 1992 Watertown (N.Y.) Daily Times 20 Jan. 25/5 The city manager has also talked about erecting a new building for the Department of Public Works in the next few years, but that may also have to be put off for a while. †2. transitive. To drive off or away; to force back, repel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away feezec890 adriveeOE aflemeeOE off-driveeOE flemeOE withdrivec1000 adreveOE to drive outOE biwevea1300 chasec1300 void13.. catcha1325 firk1340 enchasec1380 huntc1385 to catch awayc1390 forcatch1393 to put offa1398 to cast awaya1400 to put outc1400 repel?a1439 exterminate1541 chasten1548 propulse1548 keir1562 hie1563 depulse1570 band1580 bandy1591 flit1595 ferret1601 profugate1603 extermine1634 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 48^v Wiþ swete melodye somtyme fendes ben I-put of & compelled to passe out of bodyes. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 24 (MED) Þanne moot þe reulores of þe oost ordeyne alle þe horsmen & half þe foot men to defende and putte of [L. ad propulsandum] þe enemyes. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 369 He ves sa fortravalit To put of thame that hym assalit. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. i. §1 To put theym of at theire landyng. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiii. 61 If we be put off, charge them with all your great and small shot. 1714 Court of Atalantis 145 He made up boldly to him, and demanded the Favour... But the Great Man put him off with his Hand saying, Fellow, I don't know you. 1818 J. Keats Let. 10 July (1947) 184 A drunken Man came up to me—I put him off with my Arm. 1862 Times 14 Jan. 10/6 The burglars..succeeded in making a hole in the window-shutter sufficiently large to admit a man's hand, but were put off. 3. transitive. a. To remove, take off, divest oneself (or, in early use, †another) of (a garment, a hat, etc.); to doff. Cf. to put on 2a(a) at Phrasal verbs 1.Now usually somewhat archaic in standard English, the usual expression being take off. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing to do offeOE to lay downc1275 to weve offc1290 stripc1320 doffa1375 loose1382 ofdrawa1393 casta1400 to take offa1400 warpa1400 to cast offc1400 to catch offc1400 waivec1400 voidc1407 to put off?a1425 to wap offc1440 to lay from, offc1480 despoil1483 to pull offc1500 slip1535 devest1566 to shift off1567 daff1609 discuss1640 to lay off1699 strip1762 douse1780 shuffle1837 derobe1841 shed1858 skin1861 peel1888 pull1888 ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 31 Þai putte [ Man.(1) don] off þaire hose and þaire schone. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 349 By fortune he mette with his brother, sir Gawayne; and there..he put of his helme. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1058 Than he putte of hys helmette to drynke. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 673/2 Put of his bridell and gyve hym a locke of haye. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song of Sol. v. 3 I haue put off my cote, how can I do it on agayne? 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. A3 ^v Euery Stationers stall they passe by whether by day or by night they shall put off their hats too, and make a low leg. a1625 J. Fletcher Pilgrim iv. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hhhhh4/2 I put my cloths off, and I dizend him. 1698 J. Crull Antient & Present State Muscovy I. 152 Their Way of Saluting is by putting off their Caps. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant 29/1 Their Law expresly enjoyns them to put off their Pabouches or Slippers at the Porch of the Mosque. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 135 Should he be so weak or ill as to require a servant to put off and on his clothes. 1851 R. C. Trench Poems (1862) 183 They put the sordid grave clothes off. 1884 W. Besant Dorothy Forster III. xxxi. 119 He had put off his cassock, and now, dressed like a plain citizen of London, was come to see the dismal show. 1927 E. B. Levack Old Lossiemouth 11 A wis juist pittin' aff ma claes, gaen tae ma bed. 1971 Jrnl. Relig. in Afr. 4 216 Entering the house of worship, all put off their shoes. 1994 H. Chappell Oysterback Tales 58 Every time they put off their gumboots and take a shower, you can smell them downwind of a seafood plant. b. figurative. To cast off or abandon (a trait, habit, manner, etc.). Cf. to put on 2a(b) at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] to let awaya1000 forcast?c1225 to lay downc1275 forthrow1340 flita1375 removea1382 to cast away1382 understrewc1384 castc1390 to lay awaya1400 to lay asidec1440 slingc1440 warpiss1444 to lay from, offc1480 way-put1496 depose1526 to lay apart1526 to put off1526 to set apart1530 to turn up1541 abandonate?1561 devest1566 dispatch1569 decarta1572 discard1578 to make away1580 to fling away1587 to cast off1597 doff1599 cashier1603 to set by1603 moult1604 excuss1607 retorta1616 divest1639 deposit1646 disentail1667 dismiss1675 slough1845 shed1856 jettison1869 shake1872 offload1900 junk1911 dump1919 sluff1934 bin1940 to put down1944 shitcan1973 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Coloss. iii. 9 Ye have put off the olde man with his workes, and have putt on the nue. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. ii. 232 Put off your Maiden Blushes. View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Winthrop Declar. Former Passages 6 A Narrowganset Indian.., faining himselfe to be of Conecticot, spake in that dialect, but could not put off the Narrowganset tone. 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης vi. 55 Putting off the Courtier he now puts on the Philosopher. 1704 E. Arwaker Thoughts well Employ'd 143 With our flesh we shall put off all the failings and infirmities of it. 1794 G. Morris Let. 21 Jan. in Amer. State Papers, Foreign Relations (1833) I. 403 Putting off the character of minister to put on that of intriguant. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) ix. 239 It comes to whomsoever will put off what is foreign and proud. 1889 C. Smith Repentance Paul Wentworth I. iv. 59 She met him very kindly... Certainly she had put off the scornful princess for the day. 1922 19th Cent. Oct. 594 Even sordidness itself has put off all its vileness, and is seen superinvested in beauty. 1951 L. P. Hartley My Fellow Devils i. 4 He put off his hauteur. 1985 A. Brookner Family & Friends viii. 103 He will put off the obedience of his youth and be his own man at last. 4. transitive. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). To kill, do away with. Cf. to put down 4 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 148 Jt war than spedefull, yat sik a man war put off for the better. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 176 Now Lucius king of Britannie is put affe. 1742 J. Cockburn Lett. to Gardener (1904) 85 Keeping the Chickens and by degrees put of all the old Cocks and Hens. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 394 ‘Hev ye heared at au'd Mally at t' work'us has putten herself off?’ ‘Hast'ee putten t' au'd dog off, Jamie?’ 1900 Shetland News 2 June in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. 146/1 Ir ye gaun ta pit aff da auld koo, Bawby? 5. transitive. †a. To dismiss from one's thoughts, put out of one's mind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration to put out of ——a1250 to lay awaya1400 to set asidec1407 to lay by1439 to lay asidec1440 to let (something) walkc1450 to set apart?1473 reject1490 seclude?1531 to let go1535 to put offc1540 to set by1592 sepose1593 to think away1620 to look over ——a1640 prescind1650 seposit1657 decognize1659 inconsider1697 to set over1701 shelf1819 sink1820 shelve1847 eliminate1848 to count out1854 discounta1856 defenestrate1917 neg1987 c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2664 Hedis to þat, And puttis of þat purpos; let paris not wend. b. To dismiss from employment or service; to discharge. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss or discharge to put awaya1387 discharge1428 dismiss1477 to put out of wages1542 discard1589 to turn away1602 to put off1608 disemploy1619 to pay off1648 to pay off1651 to turn out1667 to turn off1676 quietus1688 strip1756 trundle1794 unshop1839 shopc1840 to lay off1841 sack1841 drop1845 to give (a person) the shoot1846 bag1848 swap1862 fire1879 to knock off1881 bounce1884 to give (a person) the pushc1886 to give (a person) the boot or the order of the boot1888 bump1899 spear1911 to strike (a medical practitioner, etc.) off the register1911 terminate1920 tramp1941 shitcan1961 pink slip1966 dehire1970 resize1975 to give a person his jotters1990 1608 E. M. Wingfield Disc. Virginia in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 80 Mr Kendall was put of from being of the Counsell, and comitted to prison. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. ii. 33 The Clothiers all not able to maintaine The many to them longing, haue put off The Spinsters, Carders, Fullers, Weauers. View more context for this quotation a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 58 Having put off his Husbandry, he had put off with it most of his Servants. 1724 D. Defoe Fortunate Mistress 256 We cannot put off Servants, and Coach and Horses,..all in a Moment; Servants must have Warning. 1902 R. H. Barbour Behind Line 190 He stood bewildered while they accused him of every sin in the football decalogue. Devoe..threatened to put him off, if he didn't wake up. 1977 ‘R. Lewis’ Nothing but Foxes iii. 94 Joe Heddon used to work around here, but never was a good 'un... So Mr Prentiss-Stewart put him off. †6. transitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To pass, get through, while away (time); to waste (time). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] overdoOE adreeOE wreaka1300 to draw forthc1300 dispend1340 pass1340 drivea1375 wastec1381 occupyc1384 overpassa1387 to pass over ——a1393 usec1400 spend1423 contrive?a1475 overdrive1487 consumea1500 to pass forth1509 to drive off1517 lead1523 to ride out1529 to wear out, forth1530 to pass away?1550 to put offc1550 shiftc1562 to tire out1563 wear1567 to drive out1570 entertainc1570 expire1589 tire1589 outwear1590 to see out1590 outrun1592 outgo1595 overshoot1597 to pass out1603 fleeta1616 elapse1654 term1654 trickle1657 to put over1679 absorb1686 spin1696 exercise1711 kill1728 to get through ——1748 to get over ——1751 tickc1870 fill1875 c1550 Clariodus (1830) v. 2559 With joy and pleasance pat thay afe the night. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 141 Than..scho..put of as scho micht That langsum day, quhill it come to the nicht. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 376 I am here, Sir, putting off a part of my inch of time. a1704 T. Brown Dialogues of Dead in 4th Vol. Wks. (1720) 204 But what will serve the Turn full as well, to put off half an Hour or so of Conversation. ?1772 D. Williamson True Narr. Sufferings 41 I walked about till church time, then went to church, thinking there to put off time till half past twelve. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well III. xi. 280 I am as stupid as he, to put off my time in speaking to such an old cabbage-stock. 1859 M. Oliphant Laird Norlaw xvii. 87 I would not advise you to put off your time seeking Mary Huntley. 1899 J. B. Salmond My Man Sandy iv I cud never pet aff my time gaen aboot doin' naething. 1912 D. McKie Fables frae French 40 Aft pittin' aff the time to aid until It suits oor ain convenience an' will. 7. transitive. a. To dismiss or get rid of (an awkward or unwanted person or thing), esp. by evasion; to baulk, thwart, or forestall (a person) in the achievement of a goal, desire, etc., by offering something inferior or unsatisfactory; to fob off with.Sometimes overlapping with sense 1: to dismiss until a later time, to make (a person) wait. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > evade [verb (transitive)] > put off pop1530 to put off1569 to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1591 to shift offc1592 foist1598 to fob off1600 fub1600 to shuffle off1604 doffa1616 jig1633 to trump upa1640 whiffle1654 to fool off1664 sham1682 drill1752 to set off1768 to put by1779 jilt1782 palm1822 stall1829 job1872 to give (a person) the go-around1925 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > evade (responsibility or obligation) > a person or demand with an excuse to put off1569 fub1600 daffa1616 to put by1618 the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > contrive to escape or evade > treat with evasion to put by1618 to put off1630 stave1646 parry1687 to pass off1811 to stall off1819 to stand off1871 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > an argument elude1612 to put by1618 to put off1675 to shift offa1768 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 141 The king put them of for that season and warned them to sue him about Mighelmas. 1592 R. Cosin Conspiracie for Pretended Reformation 60 Then would he..by frustratorie kindes of answeres goe about to put off such interrogatories. 1602 N. Breton Mothers Blessing lxvi. sig. D3^v If he importune thee with borrowing,..Or daily put thee off with morrowing, Till want do make thee wearie of thy lending. 1630 R. Sanderson Serm. II. (Prov. xxiv. 10) §8. 254 Let no man think to put off this duty with the Lawyers question,—But who is my neighbour? 1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 70 ‘Upon my honour I have none left now.’ ‘Nay, nay I have known you deny your China before now, but you shan't put me off so.’ 1718 Free-thinker No. 16. 1 You may put them off with Shells and Pebbles, or any Trumpery. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 37 A nobleman, who was not to be put off with ministerial shifts. 1846 D. Jerrold Mrs. Caudle xv. 51 Of course you've some story to put me off with. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 2 Psychology has been put off with complimentary acknowledgments. 1902 H. James Wings of Dove I. v. xii. 260 She had come alone, putting her friend off with a fraud: giving a pretext of shops, of a whim. 1954 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 112 (advt.) Don't be put off with anything but the best. 1968 G. S. Haight George Eliot viii. 241 Sara Hennell, put off by Lewes on the pretext of Marian's headache..came on 31 July. 1991 J. Connor Distortions 25 My father tried to put him off with a curt nod but Mr Cuthbertson didn't take the hint. b. To dissuade, divert, or (in later use esp.) distract (from a purpose or action).In quot. 1642: to debar, prevent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)] letc888 shrenchc897 forstanda1000 amarOE disturbc1290 impeachc1380 stopc1380 withstandc1385 hinder1413 accloy1422 hindc1426 to hold abackc1440 appeachc1460 impeditec1535 inhibit1535 obstacle1538 damp1548 trip1548 embarrass1578 dam1582 to clip the wings ofa1593 unhelp1598 uppen1600 straiten1607 rub1608 impediment1610 impedea1616 to put out1616 to put off1631 scote1642 obstruct1645 incommodiate1650 offend1651 sufflaminate1656 hindrance1664 disassist1671 clog1679 muzzle1706 squeeze1804 to take the wind out of the sails of1822 throttle1825 block1844 overslaugh1853 snag1863 gum1901 slow-walk1965 the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > demotivate [verb (transitive)] > discourage remove?a1425 discourage1437 revoke1447 disporta1450 to take offa1616 to work off1627 to put off1631 dishearten1634 disinvitea1641 to put or set (anyone) by1768 eyebrow1876 the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc. withdraw1340 distractc1380 waive1390 wresta1400 to turn aside1535 avocate1543 detract1548 to turn off1573 take1574 swaya1593 to put out1616 to put off1631 sidetrack1887 to turn off1951 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse i. iv. 68 in Wks. II Nor can his mirth, With whom I make 'hem, put me off. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. x. §646. 276 This exception shall not put off the grauntee of the piscarie in the same poole. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 276 We could not by any means put off the second Brother out of an Humour [that] had taken him to accompany us. 1751 E. F. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless 217 He would fain have put me off from visiting his charge here. 1796 F. Burney Camilla I. ii. ii. 178 As to the women,..there's nothing will put 'em off from their pleasure. 1837 W. H. Wills Law of Land ii. i. 21 This is some trick to put me off from learning the real cause of your misery. 1890 G. M. Fenn Double Knot II. vi. 114 Millet was put off from resuming the subject. 1964 R. Gover Here goes Kitten 36 I was not put off by her tactics. 2001 B. Hill Getting Started in Online Personal Finance v. 113 The unfortunate color scheme of this site should not put you off from recognizing it as an underrated gem. c. To cause (a person) to lose interest or enthusiasm; to discourage, deter; (also) to cause to feel dislike or distrust, to repel. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > feeling against or a settled dislike > impulse of aversion > turn away from or regard with aversion or reject [verb (transitive)] > repel resist1609 repulse1816 to put off1909 to turn off1951 off-put1970 1909 F. L. Barclay Rosary ix. 77 I am so afraid of her putting Dal off. He is so fastidious. 1920 ‘O. Douglas’ Penny Plain xiv. 141 He might be so shy and unforthcoming that he would put people off. 1928 Observer 19 Feb. 6/3 The prefatory note, with its apparently exaggerated claim, rather put me off. 1932 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Thank Heaven Fasting i. ii. 34 A man is very quickly put off, if he thinks that a girl hasn't even taken the trouble to remember what he looks like. 1964 New Statesman 10 Apr. 571/1 English readers shouldn't be put off by Professor Shattuck's Texan manner of what he calls ‘cinching’ an argument. 1973 L. Meynell Thirteen Trumpeters v. 80 I'm in grave danger of becoming virtuous. To see those acres of fat Germanic flesh spread out by the pool is enough to put me off for life. 2002 Observer 14 July (Food Monthly Suppl.) 62/1 Don't let the nopalitos cactus on the breakfast menu put you off. d. To cause to lose concentration; to disconcert, confuse, ‘throw’. Also: to cause to be mistaken, to mislead. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > disconcert blemish1544 blank1548 to put out1598 unsettle1644 disconcert1695 to put off1909 to put (someone) off (his) strokea1914 to bend (a person) out of shape1955 to throw off1978 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)] abobc1330 confusec1350 confoundc1374 cumbera1375 passc1384 maskerc1400 mopc1425 enose1430 manga1450 overmusec1460 perplex1477 maze1482 enmuse1502 ruffle?a1505 unsteady1532 entangle1540 duddle1548 intricate1548 distraught1579 distract1582 mizzle1583 moider1587 amuse1595 mist1598 bepuzzle1599 gravel1601 plunder1601 puzzle1603 intrigue1612 vexa1613 metagrobolize?a1616 befumea1618 fuddle1617 crucify1621 bumfiddlea1625 implicate1625 giddify1628 wilder1642 buzzlea1644 empuzzle1646 dunce1649 addle1652 meander1652 emberlucock1653 flounder1654 study1654 disorient1655 embarrass?1656 essome1660 embrangle1664 jumble1668 dunt1672 muse1673 clutter1685 emblustricate1693 fluster1720 disorientate1728 obfuscate1729 fickle1736 flustrate1797 unharmonize1797 mystify1806 maffle1811 boggle1835 unballast1836 stomber1841 throw1844 serpentine1850 unbalance1856 tickle1865 fog1872 bumfuzzle1878 wander1897 to put off1909 defeat1914 dither1919 befuddle1926 ungear1931 to screw up1941 1909 Spectator 12 June 927/1 People..forget that a horse can be ‘put off’ as easily as a man. 1918 A. Bennett Pretty Lady xxii. 146 ‘That's not you, Frankie!’ said the Major with a start of recognition... ‘Yes, sir,’ said Molder... ‘It was the red hat put me off,’ the Major explained. 1937 Times 9 Apr. 6/2 He was put off by a cinematograph at the 15th, which meant a 5 instead of a 4. 1998 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 8 Jan. 3 I'm aware of it but it doesn't put me off. When you're actually in there doing your programme it takes quite a bit to break your concentration. 8. a. Nautical. (a) intransitive. To set off from the land, or from a larger vessel; to set out or start on a voyage. Cf. sense 9c. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage to go to seac900 to take the seac1275 to go or fere to (the) saila1375 sail1387 to make saila1500 to set sail1513 lance1526 launch1534 to put off1582 to put out?1587 to put forth1604 to come to sail1633 underweigh1891 to take sail1904 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxxix. 162 They did shoote such abundance of arrows..y^t they made our men put off. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vii. 71 Let me cut the Cable, And when we are put off, fall to their throates. View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Cole Of Death 90 The ship is putting off. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 72 A Boat put off from One of them. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iii. 153 The six, who..remained in the barge, put off with her to sea. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 178 The boat now put off. The old man remained looking after it as it made rapidly towards the brig. 1885 Cent. Mag. July 495/1 All who could keep themselves afloat With cask, spar, life-preserver, boat..Put off. 1890 S. Lane-Poole Barbary Corsairs i. ix. 98 In the summer..Barbarossa put off to sea. 1916 E. R. Burroughs Beasts of Tarzan vi. 90 There was no response, and finally the boat put off without them. 1998 Lloyd's List (Nexis) 7 Sept. 8 He decided that he was not going to be told by a third officer..to sit down in a wildly rocking boat as we put off to the ship. †(b) transitive. To launch (a vessel); to send off from land, or from a larger vessel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > put out a (boat or ship) to put out1621 to put off1639 to set out1694 1639 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 312 He caused the boatsmen to put off the boat. c1694 Acct. Tryalls Manch. (1864) 9 Lunt..pull'd a pistoll from under his coat and sett it cock't to the master's breast, threatning to shoot him if he did not imediately put off his boat. 1740 G. Whitefield Contin. Jrnl. (ed. 2) 11 But as soon as ever my Friend put off his Boat to fetch them, the Commander of the Ship made Sail and left them. 1776 Addr. People Great Brit. 47 Will you in such a Moment of critical Emergency, instead of putting off your Boats to her Assistance, muster yourselves on the Shore with the determined Resolution to oppose her landing? 1892 Black & White 2 Jan. 25/2 It was too rough to put a boat off. 1910 Fort Wayne (Indiana) News 12 Feb. 14/1 Only such a miracle as saved my life could have saved others, for there was no time to put off the life boats. b. intransitive. gen. To set off, depart, make one's way; to make off. Cf. sense 7b. Now rare (U.S. colloquial in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE atwendOE awayOE to wend awayOE awendOE gangOE rimeOE flitc1175 to fare forthc1200 depart?c1225 part?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 biwitec1300 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to draw awayc1330 passc1330 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 voidc1374 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 waive1390 to pass out ofa1398 avoida1400 to pass awaya1400 to turn awaya1400 slakec1400 wagc1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 muck1429 packc1450 recede1450 roomc1450 to show (a person) the feetc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 devoidc1485 rebatea1500 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 to go one's ways1530 retire?1543 avaunt1549 to make out1558 trudge1562 vade?1570 fly1581 leave1593 wag1594 to get off1595 to go off1600 to put off1600 shog1600 troop1600 to forsake patch1602 exit1607 hence1614 to give offa1616 to take off1657 to move off1692 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 sheera1704 to go about one's business1749 mizzle1772 to move out1792 transit1797–1803 stump it1803 to run away1809 quit1811 to clear off1816 to clear out1816 nash1819 fuff1822 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 mosey1829 slope1830 to tail out1830 to walk one's chalks1835 to take away1838 shove1844 trot1847 fade1848 evacuate1849 shag1851 to get up and get1854 to pull out1855 to cut (the) cable(s)1859 to light out1859 to pick up1872 to sling one's Daniel or hook1873 to sling (also take) one's hook1874 smoke1893 screw1896 shoot1897 voetsak1897 to tootle off1902 to ship out1908 to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909 to push off1918 to bugger off1922 biff1923 to fuck off1929 to hit, split or take the breeze1931 to jack off1931 to piss offa1935 to do a mick1937 to take a walk1937 to head off1941 to take a hike1944 moulder1945 to chuff off1947 to get lost1947 to shoot through1947 skidoo1949 to sod off1950 peel1951 bug1952 split1954 poop1961 mugger1962 frig1965 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. iii. sig. Kiii^v How long should I be ere I should put off To the Lord Chancellor's tombe? View more context for this quotation 1757 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery (new ed.) 12 The coachman, ready to put off, whipped his horse. 1803 C. Pettigrew Let. to E. P. (Univ. N. Carolina MS.) in Dict. Amer. Eng. (1942) III. 1865/1 [His impudence] made me threaten him, on which he put off. 1858 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 22 July Over fifteen thousand persons have deserted their homes in California, and put off by every means of conveyance for Fraser's river. 1859 D. Crockett Life Col. D. C. x. 116 I thought it was time for us all to wet our whistles a little; and so I put off to the liquor stand. 1886 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 13 Feb. A gaunt convict..was selected for the run. He was told to put off quickly, circle in the woods, [etc.]. 1982 ‘C. Bess’ Story for Black Night 49 She put off quickly for town because it was coming to be dark, which was no time to waste in the bush. 9. transitive. a. To dispose of deceptively or fraudulently; to pass off (a thing) for something else; to palm off; †to foist (a person) on someone (obsolete). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > dispose of fraudulently put1603 to bob off1605 to put off1612 impose1650 palm1679 sham1681 cog1721 slur1749 pawn1763 to play off1768 to pass off1799 to work off1813 to stall off1819 to fob off1894 1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. G1 ^v For base rogues that vndo yong Gentlemen, By taking vp commodities: for pollitick bankroupts: Onely to put off horses and slight iewels, Clockes, defac't plate, and such commodities. 1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme iii. i. 108 To sophisticate Metalls, & then put them off for true Gold and Silver. 1707 J. Shirley Triumph of Wit (ed. 5) 204 The first was a Coiner... The second a Voucher to put off his Gold. 1740 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1932) (modernized text) II. 440 A plagiary is a man who steals other people's thoughts, and puts them off for his own. 1820 Times 8 Apr. 2/4 There was another indictment against the prisoner for putting off counterfeit coin. 1856 C. Mathews False Pretences ii. iii. 35 What embarrassed you? Was it a counterfeit he wanted to put off on you? 1892 Harper's Mag. Jan. 243/2 Do you think it was quite right..to put him off on your uncle, if you didn't like him yourself? 1897 Atlanta Constit. 17 Oct. 20/3 (advt.) No chance to get old goods put off on you. Our stock is entirely new from one end to the other. 1937 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 10 July 4/4 There was a group of forgers who were ‘putting off’ forged bonds in various countries in Europe. 1957 K. Scott Counterfeiting Colonial Amer. ix. 178 [He] was arrested in New York City and committed to jail for putting off counterfeit twenty shilling bills. †b. To dispose of (a commodity) by sale; to sell. Formerly also: to marry off (a woman). Obsolete.In quot. 1631 figurative, perhaps with a pun on sense 3b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] to sell awayc1230 to set to (for, on) sale, a-salec1275 sella1330 to make sale (of)c1430 market1455 to make penny of1464 vent1478 to put away1574 dispatch1592 money1598 vent1602 to put off1631 vend1651 hawk1713 realize1720 mackle1724 neat1747 to sell over1837 unload1884 flog1919 move1938 shift1976 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > marry [verb (transitive)] > get (someone) married to put off1631 to get off1677 1631 B. Jonson New Inne ii. i. sig. C2^v They [sc. tailors] all grow rich by breaking, More then their words; their honesties, and credits, Are still the first commodity they put off. 1637 J. Shirley Gamester v. l. 102 A brace of thousands Will, shee has to her Portion, I hop'd to put her off with halfe the summe. 1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 454 As if it were of little more importance to marry a child, than it is to put off a horse or cow at a fair. 1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 390 He may put off every Pipe for the worth of Twopence. 1749 G. G. Beekman Let. 20 Nov. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 94 Most of my Customars have Left me for Endeavouring to put of that Rum at Markit Price. 1801 B. Hunt in Chester County (Pa.) Hist. Soc. Bull. (1898) 4 This day I put off my stock of goods to Abraham Bailey to amount of $1022,5. 1864 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 25 ii. 295 As to oxen, I put off two lots in the year, one from the grass and the other from the yards. 1884 J. Winsor Narr. & Crit. Hist. Amer. 327 Large quantities of truck-goods..were put off to advantage for furs brought to the factories by the Indians. †10. transitive. To make (something) appear attractive; to set off. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off becomec1314 commend1535 advancea1555 comely1573 outseta1578 countenance?1578 to set out1586 to stick off1613 to set offa1616 suit1655 to put off1700 advantage1748 approve1849 flatter1904 1700 J. Wallis in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 326 Riding the great horse..is the expedient for putting-off the great house to good advantage. 1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 234 A Mackrel, dressed as soon as taken,..requires no Goosberries or rich Sauce to put it off. †11. transitive. Farriery. To discharge, pass, excrete. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excrete [verb (transitive)] yetOE to put outa1350 void1398 expelc1405 avoid1562 ejaculate1578 excern1578 regurgitate1578 egest1607 evacuate1607 vent1607 expurgate1621 excrete1669 pass1698 to put off1740 re-ejaculate1826 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. iv. 84 Low Feeding..causes a Horse to put off his Meat before it has been sufficiently acted upon by the Stomach. 12. transitive. To set (a person) down from a vehicle; to disembark (a person) from a boat; to drop off. Cf. sense 8a(b), and also earlier to put down 1c at Phrasal verbs 1, put-off n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > set down to set down1669 to put down1795 to leave off1848 land1853 to put off1867 drop1961 1867 M. J. Holmes Cameron Pride xxv. 222 The fear that the conductor would forget to put her off at the right place. 1892 S. P. McLean Greene Vesty of Basins xv. 165 The five were put off from the sinking craft in Gurdon's boat. 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) ix. 134 Don't go out of your way, George... Just put me off at the corner. 1985 C. Phillips Final Passage 157 Ask the conductor to put you off at the stop before Marble Arch. 2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 24 Mar. 11 If I was going to a less salubrious part of the city, the taxi driver would say, ‘I'll put you off here, nurse.’ to put on 1. transitive. To place or set on or upon something; to lay on the top of something; to attach. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > position upon > be upon (something) [verb (transitive)] > place (a thing) upon onlayOE overlayOE to put ona1382 overcast?a1400 dight1572 superimpose1712 superposit1742 superpose1798 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] fastenOE fasta1225 tachec1315 to-seta1340 catcha1350 affichea1382 to put ona1382 tacka1387 to put to1396 adjoina1400 attach?a1400 bend1399 spyndec1400 to-tachc1400 affixc1448 complexc1470 setc1480 attouch1483 found?1541 obligate1547 patch1549 alligate1563 dight1572 inyoke1595 infixa1616 wreathe1643 adlige1650 adhibit1651 oblige1656 adent1658 to bring to1681 engage1766 superfix1766 to lap on1867 accrete1870 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxviii. 48 God..shal pute on anyrun ȝok opon þy scolle. 1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 290 To cary the pailȝoun treis..to the castel to put on the bandis and platis on thaim. 1530–1 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 111 And quhen he vas putand one this lok and bandis. 1613 J. Rovenzon Treat. Metallica sig. C2^v When the top is put on, and when fastened and luted, it may then serue for the ventible to make the blast. 1697 in Mem. Alloa (1874) 66 To put on a tirlace gate, with lock and key thereto. 1747 R. Maxwell Pract. Bee-master 21 Let such as choise Straw, be sure to put it on thick. 1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer iii. 111 He hired a carpenter, who put on a roof and laid the floors. 1828 Sporting Mag. 23 33 His head is not well put on. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling vii. 228 The slightest ‘flick’ or ‘crack’ [in throwing the line] will necessitate putting on a new fly. 1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist ii. 35 When King is led, second player, if he holds Ace, puts it on (‘covers’, is the technical expression). 1900 Engin. Mag. 19 678 The margin plates of the tank top are put on, and the tank-top plating itself. 1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral ii. 42 There was only the de-icing paste to be put on, and the perspex to be polished for the night. 1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 51 You've a pole from the front wheels to the cart-axle, and then you've your front wheels to put on: and then you put the top on. 2006 News Tribune (Tacoma, Washington) (Nexis) 21 Nov. e1 Pour into glass jars. Put lids on once the cream is cool. 2. spec. a. (a) transitive. To place (an item of clothing, footwear, headgear, etc.) on a part of the body, so as to be wearing it; to don. Also figurative. Cf. to put off 3a at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on to do oneOE graitha1375 puta1382 to take on1389 to let falla1400 takea1400 to put on?a1425 endow1484 addressa1522 to get on1549 to draw on1565 don1567 to pull on1578 dight1590 sumpterc1595 to get into ——1600 on with1600 array1611 mount1785 to cast on1801 endoss1805 endue1814 ship1829 ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 138 (MED) Þen put on þe girdel and festen þe girdel wele. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 226 (MED) He did on his maister clothyng, & putt on his ryng on hys fynger. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 518 Unnethe he myght put on hys helme and take hys horse, but they were in hondis with hym. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. xiii. 14 Put ye on the lorde Jesus Christ [Gk. ἐνδύσασθε]. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Ephes. vi. 11 Put on the armour of god. 1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 227 Not knowing how to put on a paire of hose, made his wife holde them with both her hands abroade. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xxi. sig. E1 Hee has not put on the quaint Garbe of the Age. 1691 London Gaz. No. 2653/3 Then the King put on the Blue Ribon with the George. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. xiv. 290 She..begged Joseph to conduct him into his own Apartment, where he should stay himself, till she had put her Clothes on. View more context for this quotation 1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. v. 271 Pray put on your hat. 1828 W. Sewell Oxf. Prize Ess. 80 Socrates..had done what he rarely did, washed, put on a pair of shoes, and blown his nose. 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. vi. i. 268 It was a lovely May sunset, and the birch trees..had put on their new leaves. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out vii. 106 He put on his spectacles to contemplate the scene. 1949 C. P. Snow Time of Hope i. iii. 34 She was putting on a large straw hat. 1988 M. Gardiner Scattering Memories 129 When it was very late and time to go, I stood by the front door putting on my coat. 2006 New Yorker 9 Oct. 35/2 He..put on a helmet and a climbing harness, and ascended the other end of the rope. (b) transitive. figurative. To take upon oneself, adopt, assume (a trait, habit, or manner). Cf. to put off 3b at Phrasal verbs 1.to put on airs: see air n.¹ Phrases 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] > be transformed into to put on1526 metamorphose1576 metamorphize1587 endenize1610 convert1934 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Coloss. iii. 9 Ye have put off the olde man with his workes, and have putt on the nue. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xxxiii This kyng..determined with hymself to put on the shape of a new man. ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. A4^v In Italie I put my knighthoode on. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 179 The Duke hath put on a Religious life. View more context for this quotation 1641 Ld. J. Digby Speech in Comm. 21 Apr. 3 Judges wee are now, and must put on another personage. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 206 In a style of waywardness so prettily put on, and managed, as to render it..ten times more poignant. 1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 113 A young stripling..who puts on airs of gravity. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xii. i. 376 Whim..determined her to put on the stranger, and receive my compliments with..coldness. 1890 Harper's Mag. June 20/1 The streets had put on their holiday look. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 13/3 After I'd managed to put on a stiff upper lip she told me about my father's death and all. 1972 J. Gathorne-Hardy Rise & Fall Brit. Nanny iii. 74 Everybody has time to put on a look of good behaviour before she arrives. 2007 Mercury News (San Jose, Calif.) (Nexis) 2 Jan. Matt Damon cashes in his million-dollar smile and puts on a somber appearance. (c) intransitive. Originally: †to put on a hat (obsolete). In later use (Scottish and Irish English): to dress, don clothing. Also (occasionally) in same sense. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (intransitive)] > in specific way > in specific clothing to cover (one's head)c1340 boot1600 to be covered1611 to put on1611 robea1626 cloak1774 wrap1847 tuck1888 gown1896 flannel1919 to suit up1927 to dress down1941 1611 G. Chapman May-day ii. i. 23 Tem. When your yong man came to me; I pray let him put on, vnlesse it be for your pleasure. Leo. He..can endure the cold well enough bare-headed. 1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence i. i. sig. B2^v Nay pray you Guardian, and good Sir, put on. 1788 A. Shirrefs Jamie & Bess ii. ii I thank you Branky, what's the news in town? Pit on, pit on; How's Simon? 1810 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (new ed.) II. 93 O slowly, slowly, raise she up, And slowly put she on. 1853 W. Watson Poems 46 It chaws ye, my leddy, it chaws ye, I see, That ye canna pit on like my dochters an' me. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 265/1 Put on,..dress yourself. b. transitive. To apply (make-up, cosmetics, etc.) to the face or body. ΚΠ a1625 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey (1647) i. i. 4 Bid the coy wench put on all her beauties, All her enticements, out-blush damask roses. 1715 S. Garth Claremont 91 When Dress was monstrous, and Fig-leaves the Mode, And Quality put on no Paint but Woade. 1778 J. R. Forster Observ. Voy. round World 591 The New-Zeeland ladies never failed to put on the same kind of rouge mixed with grease. 1857 Putnam's Monthly Mag. May 452/2 He has put on his war-paint, and is prepared for death. 1875 M. D. Landon Eli Perkins 82 There's no use of my trying to dress without rouge. I do wish they would learn how to put on pearl white here—why, every wrinkle shows through. 1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square vii. 154 She began to powder her face: putting on the stuff with a big lambskin puff. 1986 D. Hogan New Shirt i. 12 Her mouth was put on that day like a pagan red rose. 2001 Men's Health June 38/1 Put the cream on before bed. c. transitive. To put (a kettle, pan, etc.) on a fire, stove, or other heat source.Later use with reference to kettles is sometimes indistinguishable from sense 7d. ΚΠ 1750 S. Richardson Lett. Particular Friends (ed. 4) lxxvii. 109 She rung for the Maid, and bid her put on the Tea-kettle. 1777 Whole Proc. Jockey & Maggy (rev. ed.) iv. 23 Up gets auld Maggy..puts on the kettle, and maks her Yool sowens. 1827 Lady Marjorie in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 235 'O wha will put on the pat,' they said, 'Or wha will put on the pan?' 1890 E. Favenc in C. Taylor Tales of Austral Tropics (1997) 66 He returned the stranger's greeting as a matter of course, and with the usual bush hospitality made up the fire and put the billy on. 1933 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Cloud Howe ii. 115 Sit down, will you Else? I'll blow up the fire and put on the kettle. 1998 N. Lawson How to Eat (1999) 154 Put a griddle (smooth side) or cast-iron pan on to get really hot. d. transitive. To start to play (a record, compact disc, video, etc.). ΚΠ 1919 ‘W. N. P. Barbellion’ Jrnl. Disappointed Man 82 Mugged about all day. Put on a gramophone record [etc.]. 1926 J. M. March Wild Party (1928) ii. iii. 44 She stopped the Vic, And put on a record so blue it was sick. 1964 A. S. Byatt Shadow of Sun ix. 204 She put on a record of Ravel's Bolero , turned it up as loudly as possible, and decided to have a bath. 1999 Sun 27 Mar. i. 9/1 He gave her wine and put on a porn video. 2003 New Yorker 21 Apr. 64/3 He put on a Black Sabbath CD—‘post-Ozzie, I'm afraid’. †3. transitive. Apparently: to lay on, inflict (a blow). (In quot. figurative) Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 109 My Lady goes to kill hornes, but if thou marrie, hang me by the necke, if horns that yeere miscarrie. Finely put on . View more context for this quotation 4. †a. transitive. To urge onward, encourage; to incite, impel; (also) to promote, help to bring about. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] furtherc888 to bring onc1230 advancea1250 speeda1300 nourishc1300 avaunt1393 promotec1433 pasture?a1439 advantage?1459 promove1475 preferc1503 conduce1518 to set forth1528 to set forward(s)1530 to take forth1530 fillip1551 help1559 farther1570 foster1571 shoulder1577 to put forward1579 seconda1586 foment1596 hearten1598 to put on1604 fomentate1613 succeed1613 expeditea1618 producea1618 maturate1623 cultivate1641 encourage1677 push1693 forward1780 progress1780 admove1839 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 351 He was likely, had he beene put on, To haue prooued most royall. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. iv. 190 That you protect this course, and put it on [1608 put on] By your allowance. a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 170 They haue put them on to the shedding of blood. 1689 G. Bulkeley People's Right to Election in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 86 Tis onely..my reall desire of the Common good which puts me on. 1721 G. Booth tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Libr. (ed. 2) xvii. 792 Credit was more easily given afterwards to his Accusers,..and to others who affirm'd that they were put on to it by him. b. intransitive. To go faster; to push forward, hasten on; to go on, proceed. Now rare (Scottish and English regional in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency shovec888 thringc893 thresta1225 wina1300 thrustc1330 pressa1375 throngc1440 wrestc1450 thrimp1513 to put forward1529 intrude1562 breast1581 shoulder1581 haggle1582 strivea1586 wrestle1591 to push on (also along)1602 elabour1606 contend1609 to put on?1611 struggle1686 worry1702 crush1755 squeege1783 battle1797 scrouge1798 sweat1856 flounder1861 pull?1863 tank1939 bulldozer1952 terrier1959 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move with urgent speed rempeOE fuseOE rakeOE hiec1175 i-fusec1275 rekec1275 hastec1300 pellc1300 platc1300 startc1300 buskc1330 rapc1330 rapec1330 skip1338 firk1340 chase1377 raikc1390 to hie one's waya1400 catchc1400 start?a1505 spur1513 hasten1534 to make speed1548 post1553 hurry1602 scud1602 curry1608 to put on?1611 properate1623 post-haste1628 whirryc1630 dust1650 kite1854 to get a move on1888 to hump it1888 belt1890 to get (or put) one's skates on1895 hotfoot1896 to rattle one's dags1968 shimmy1969 ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads viii. 217 When none, though many kings put on [Gk. πολλῶν περ ἐόντων], could make his vaunt. 1653 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 12 I am clearly of opinion he will now very speedily put on to make himself or some other..to be elected K. 1662 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 3rd Pt. 21 No stop nor halt in their way, but ever putting on. 1746 in G. Sheldon Hist. Deerfield, Mass. (1895) I. 548 I came up with Othniel Taylor, on horseback, and ordered him to put on faster. 1765 E. Kimber Maria (ed. 2) I. xi. 152 The Driver put on at a pretty great Rate as soon as he came into the great Road. 1811 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 31 447 If she walks, put on; if she puts on, run. a1860 J. Younger Autobiogr. (1881) 92 Put on, mak' in at him or he notice us. 1881 J. Sargisson Joe Scoap's Jurneh 6 He put on a canny bit faster ner yan wad ha thowt wih sec a leead. a1903 J. P. Kirk in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 656/1 S. Nottinghamshire When a got off the gress, a begun to put on. c. transitive. To set (a timepiece) to show a later time; to move (the hands of a clock) forward; = to put forward 5 at Phrasal verbs 1. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set setc1400 temper1538 roll1583 rule1595 winda1616 to wind upa1616 to set forwarda1627 to set back1635 regulate1665 to put back1704 to put forward1741 to put on1826 time1873 1826 R. H. Froude in Remains (1838) I. 150 When the old covenanter, in the act of putting on the clock, was interrupted by the clatter of Claverhouse's horses. 1865 G. Meredith Rhoda Fleming xl My belief, sir, is the clerks at Mortimer and Pennycuick's put on the time. 1891 F. W. Robinson Her Love & his Life v. i We can afford to put on the hands of the clock a few more weeks. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xviii. [Penelope] 710 I wanted to put on the old stupid clock to near the time. 1941 Times 8 May 5/5 As we have put on the clock another hour, the Post Office adjusts its activities accordingly. 2006 Waikato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 25 Mar. 9 When we put the clock on an hour next spring, let's keep it that way. 5. transitive. colloquial. a. To affect, feign, pretend. Also with clause as object. Cf. sense 2a(b), and put-on adj. 1. to put it on: to pretend or exaggerate something (chiefly in progressive tenses). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] deceivec1330 defraud1362 falsec1374 abuse?a1439 fraud1563 visure1570 cozen1583 coney-catch1592 to fetch in1592 cheat1597 sell1607 mountebanka1616 dabc1616 nigglea1625 to put it on1625 shuffle1627 cuckold1644 to put a cheat on1649 tonya1652 fourbe1654 imposturea1659 impose1662 slur1664 knap1665 to pass upon (also on)1673 snub1694 ferret1699 nab1706 shool1745 humbug1750 gag1777 gudgeon1787 kid1811 bronze1817 honeyfuggle1829 Yankee1837 middle1863 fuck1866 fake1867 skunk1867 dead-beat1888 gold-brick1893 slicker1897 screw1900 to play it1901 to do in1906 game1907 gaff1934 scalp1939 sucker1939 sheg1943 swizz1961 butt-fuck1979 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, simulate, feign [verb (transitive)] mitheeOE bipechec1000 huec1000 feigna1300 unlikena1382 counterfeitc1400 pretend1402 dissimulec1430 dissimule1483 simule?a1500 semble1530 counterfeit1534 dissemblea1538 suppose1566 countenance1590 mock1595 assume1604 to put on1625 assimulate1630 personate1631 to take on1645 simulate1652 forge1752 sham1775 possum1850 to turn on1865 fake1889 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [phrase] makec1275 to make wise1447 make as though?c1450 to let fare1483 to make a show ofa1500 to set a face1560 to take on (also upon) one(self)?1560 to make (a) miena1657 to make believe1773 to put it on1888 to play (the) fox1894 1625 R. Bolton Some Gen. Direct. for Comfortable Walking with God 47 Some there may be, who..put on a show of religious deportment, at least, in the company of such as are ready and forward to commend their conformity and forwardnesse that way. 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iii. ii. 33 'Twas all put on that I might hear and rave. 1738 R. Courteville Mem Life & Admin. Baron Burleigh 15 The Lord Paget..was too much in the Interest of the Royal Family to be well with this great Duke, and too honest a Man to put on any feigned Submissions. 1788 J. Coopert tr. A. Berquin Children's Friend (new ed.) II. 133 George put on a feigned embarrassment at this reproof, which was another thing that he wanted. 1806 Lady Jerningham in Jerningham Lett. (1896) I. 270 The first days the Duke supposed the illness a little Put on. 1882 H. Caine Recoll. D. G. Rossetti iii. 117 He took the remonstrance with great good-nature (observing that he perceived I thought he was putting it on). 1888 H. R. Haggard Col. Quaritch x I wonder if he puts it on or if he deceives himself. 1949 D. Smith I capture Castle (U.K. ed.) xiv. 290 ‘We shall be ashamed of our callousness if father really is going off his head.’ ‘He isn't—he's putting it on or something.’ 1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! xxxix. 375 I put on I was giving the goofy idea some thought. b. Originally U.S. To deceive, hoax (a person), esp. in a joking manner; to tease; to have (a person) on. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > exploit or take advantage of > specifically a person to prey upon1610 impose1667 picaroon1681 live1712 to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748 to get over ——1784 exploit1838 to play (it) low down (on)1864 to avail upona1871 pole1906 to put on1958 1958 Amer. Speech 33 225 When a hipster puts someone on he is pulling his leg (perhaps putting him on a stage to be laughed at). 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 vi. 167 Has it ever occurred to you, Oedipa, that somebody's putting you on? That this is all a hoax? 1986 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 5th Ser. Episode 5. 313 Rodney. Guess who's in charge of the project? Mickey. You' re putting me on! 1997 M. Fabi Wyrm ii. 36 He looked at me as if he was trying to figure out whether I was putting him on. 6. transitive. To add, make an addition of. a. To develop additional (weight, flesh, fat, etc.). Also with it as object.In quot. 1626: to cause to take on (weight). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump farce14.. alarda1425 plum1561 enseam1562 lard1579 engross1587 impinguate1620 to put on1626 rotund1650 pinguedinize1656 bloat1677 to take ona1750 round1830 pinguefy1893 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum i. 9 (margin) Experiments Solitary touching the Condensing of Aire, in such sort as it may put on Weight [in plants], and yield Nourishment. 1832 S. A. Ferrall Ramble Six Thousand Miles x. 297 He seemed to have put on flesh, and looked somewhat more contented. 1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 ii. 580 [They] put on no meat until they were put up to feed. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 4 The woman returned..in a state of robust health, having put on a stone in weight. 1933 E. Hemingway Winner take Nothing (1934) 35 It's terrible..the way I put it on. 1967 A. Diment Dolly Dolly Spy vii. 98 She had put on a lot of weight. 1997 Earth Matters Winter 30/1 Some turkeys put on 50 or 60 pounds if they are destined for the burger and turkey roll market. b. To add or cause to be added (an amount) to a cost or price; (occasionally) to add to, put up (a price). to put it on (colloquial): to add to the price, to overcharge. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (intransitive)] > make excessive charges to lay it ona1593 to stick it into1797 to put it on1843 society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices) > add to price to put on1843 1843 G. P. R. James Commissioner xx. 122 ‘Very few customers will be fools enough to give twenty per cent. more for goods because they are exhibited behind plate-glass.’ ‘Pardonnez moi, monsieur,’ replied Joey in a sweet tone; ‘I believe they might put on thirty.’ 1880 Times 14 May 6/1 Coals at 6s. to 7s. per ton are estimated to put 2s. on each quarter of wheat ground. 1890 H. James American i. 201 It will make them put on their price, sir! 1909 N.E.D. (at cited word) Half-a-crown for that job! They know how to put it on! 1939 Times 4 Mar. 7/6 These various increases added together would put on an additional 1s. 6d. a ton. c. Sport (originally Cricket). To add (runs, points, etc.) to the score for one's team. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > score get1634 make1680 score1742 notch1836 steal1836 to put up1860 rattle1860 to put on1865 tally1875 net1907 to rack up1921 slam1959 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > play football [verb (transitive)] > add (goal) to score to put on1865 1864 Times 17 Aug. 12/5 Before Mortlock left he had put on the score 55, ably gained.] 1865 Times 1 July 12/6 Sussex soon after commenced their second innings with 46 ‘on’, and were putting on runs fast. 1891 Standard 6 Nov. 6/5 After crossing over the visitors could only put on one more goal. 1921 Glasgow Herald 17 Oct. 13/7 In the second half P. R. Johnstone scored, and afterwards G. A. Able put on another for Stepps. 1975 Cricketer May 19/1 The opening pair put on 85 in the first 20 overs, a splendid rate on an extremely wet outfield. 1989 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 20 Mar. The Knights put on 12 points in the last minutes of the first half. 2006 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 7 Dec. Together..the duo had rebuilt India's wrecked innings and put on 115 runs in fairly quick time. 7. transitive. a. To acquire additional (speed); to start to employ (a fast or faster pace). ΚΠ 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche ii. lxxix. 19/1 Watchfull Charis..Now put on speed. 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar v. i. 70 Put on thy utmost speed to head the Troops Which every moment I expect t'arrive. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. lxxix. 269 When we were within five miles of Harlowe-place, I put on a hand-gallop. 1773 H. Mackenzie Man of World II. xvi. 157 They put on a very quick pace, and in a short time Lucy imagined herself pretty safe from pursuit. 1892 Black & White 16 Jan. 78/1 The whole fleet put on good speed, and stood nearly due west. 1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross I. xvii. 262 He put on a fine turn of speed, and rang the bell. 1946 J. Masefield Poems 419 He put on pace down the Rood Hill Bend. 2000 A. Taylor Where Roses Fade (2003) xliv. 311 First came a few scattered but heavy drops. He put on speed, hoping to reach the Bull before the worst of the downfall. b. To bring to bear (something intended to increase speed or effectiveness); to exert (a burst of effort).to put on steam: see steam n. 7d. ΚΠ 1833 T. S. Fay Crayon Sketches II. 43 Just as the small bell had rung to put on the steam, the breeze slackened. 1867 Good Words 8 68/2 Now and then he even put on ‘a spurt’, as rowers say. 1955 Times 9 June 3/5 [He] slowed down perceptibly during the middle of the last lap, but he put on a burst round the last bend. 1962 ‘C. Marchant’ Heritage of Folly i. 10 If she wanted to get there before it was really dark she must put a spurt on. 1990 ‘B. Vine’ Gallowglass vi. 71 He couldn't put a spurt on and leave it behind because he had to keep in the slow lane. c. To bring (a device or mechanism) into action, to activate; to cause to have effect; to apply (pressure, etc.) by operating a device or mechanism.Also figurative, in to put on pressure, the screw: see the nouns. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] work1591 act1597 to put onc1842 operate1847 trip1897 the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > bring into activity or activate enter1563 inact1583 active1620 activate1624 yoke1630 animate1646 inactuate1651 to bring (also call, put) into (also in) play1799 to put onc1842 to bring on1860 mobilize1871 derepress1962 c1842 S. Smith Let. to Ld. J. Russell in Wks. (1859) II. 300/1 Gently down hill. Put on the drag. 1889 G. Allen Tents of Shem III. xxxviii. 62 The driver put on the brake quick and hard. 1902 F. T. Bidlake in Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. Aug. 360/1 Any further brake pressure put on by the lever will remain locked on by the twisting handle. 1913 Times 2 Apr. 8/5 When the fireman shouted to me to stop I put on the regulator. 1990 N. Hill Death grows on You (1992) xv. 206 A small white car shot out of the Lodge gates in front of her at such speed that she had to put her brakes on suddenly. d. To cause (esp. an electrical device) to begin to operate or function; to switch on, turn on. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > circuit > device to open or close circuit > connect or disconnect [verb (transitive)] to turn on1824 disconnect1826 to turn down1855 switch1881 to put on1892 to turn off1892 key1929 1892 Times 1 Mar. 4/6 It now appeared the plaintiffs could not put on the electric current, consequently the defendants could get no light. Mr. Poole..said his company had no power to put on the light where the particular premises happened to be. 1909 Times 11 Jan. 6/4 The electric lamps suddenly went out... ‘Light; please put on the light; the dinner is getting cold,’ went the message over the telephone to the works. 1949 F. Towers Tea with Mr. Rochester (1952) 135 Florence put on the light and poked the banked-up fire. 1969 J. Gaskell Sweet Sweet Summer 151 I put on my torch because it is almost dark. 1989 W. McIlvanney Walking Wounded 178 He put on television and watched a programme for children. 2004 C. Bateman Driving Big Davie xxxi. 305 A pair of love bugs were mating on our windscreen. A few days ago I would have put the wipers on and squished them. Now I let them be. 8. transitive. a. To set or appoint (a person) to work or an occupation, or to do something, esp. as a short-term measure, or to deal with a particular contingency. Also: to lay on (a train, etc.) to make a particular journey, or to accommodate additional passengers. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work setc1175 put1608 to put on1822 to turn to1836 society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > travel on (public vehicle) [verb (transitive)] > supply with public transport > appoint to make regular journeys to put on1822 1822 Times 4 Apr. 4/2 (advt.) In consequence of the numerous applications having been made to him for the article, he has been induced to put on several additional hands, for the immediate supply of his present demands. 1831 W. E. Gladstone Diary 14 Nov. in J. Morley Life Gladstone (1903) I. i. iii. 78 I was only put on in eight books besides the Testament. 1858 Times 19 Nov. 5/5 One witness after another had proved that the General Company put on omnibuses wherever they had any. 1891 Standard 12 Mar. 3/3 It was only when the day was well advanced that men were put on to clean it up. 1935 N. L. McClung Clearing in West xl. 341 The C.P.R. put on an excursion train. 1964 Parade (Austral.) Mar. 47/2 They came in such numbers that the Austrian [sc. Wilhelm Reich] was forced to put on a staff of orgonomists. 2006 Indianapolis Star (Nexis) 26 Mar. 1 d For every single problem Toyota has, they put a team on to fix it. b. Cricket. To send (a person) in to bowl. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > bowl [verb (transitive)] > put in to bowl to take the ball1832 to put on1845 to bring on1860 bowl1862 1845 Times 12 Aug. 4/5 The score increased rapidly, when Mr. Hartopp and Barker were put on to bowl. 1897 ‘Tivoli’ Short Innings vi. 95 ‘I can't bowl slows,’ expostulated Tuckett. ‘Then put someone else on,’ returned the inexorable senior. 1947 Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 13 Oct. 14/1 Kenneth Weeks..was put on to bowl one over before the lunch interval. 1992 Wisden Cricket Monthly (BNC) Sept. 40 Love put himself on to bowl his offbreaks. c. Hunting. To lay (a hound) on the scent. ΚΠ 1846 W. Elliott Carolina Sports 132 ‘Put on the hounds, and they will soon tell who is right.’ We brought them to the trail. 1930 C. Frederick et al. Fox-hunting v. 59 Their hounds..will fly to their huntsman at the slightest word without having to be ‘put on’ to him by a whipper-in. 1938 Times 21 Mar. 4/6 The fox was seen to leave. Hounds were put on and ran..to Stinnon, where the fox went to ground again. 9. transitive. To stake or bet (a sum of money); to place (a bet). Originally in to put on the pot (also to put the pot on): (slang) to stake a large amount (cf. pot n.¹ 11a). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > bet (money, etc.) laya1300 wed1362 to lay downc1430 setc1460 jeopardc1470 wage1484 holda1500 pary?a1505 to stake down1565 stake1591 gagec1598 bet?a1600 go1607 wagera1616 abet1617 impone1702 sport1706 stand1795 gamble1813 parlay1828 ante1846 to put on1890 plunge1919 1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang at Pot ‘I shall put on the pot at the July meeting’, signifies that the speaker will bet very high (at races), or up to thousands... Lord Abingdon once declared ‘I will put on the pot to-day’, and he did so with a vengeance. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxiv. 250 Altamont put the pot on at the Derby, and won a good bit of money. 1890 Standard 21 July 4/4 The Defendant ‘put on’ for her 10l. upon Oberon for the Lincolnshire Handicap. 1910 J. Frankau Let Roof fall In i. 13 The little group who had been watching the race through their field-glasses shut them up with a cheery word or two. For nobody had ‘put the pot on’ for the Tally Ho, and it is always amusing when a fine rider like Jim gets thrown. 1953 Landfall 7 250 Put on a quid for me, for a place—I've got the hoot. 1981 S. McAughtry Belfast Stories i. 17 When the bet's put on, you would think the whole thing would be over and done with when the result comes in, wouldn't you? 2006 Mirror (Eire ed.) (Nexis) 24 July 10 At first, I'd just put on £100,..but then it started creeping up into the thousands. 10. intransitive. slang. Of a cab or its driver: to join a rank. Also with complement (indicating the position of the cab in the rank). Cf. to put on —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare. ΚΠ 1864 Times 18 Nov. 9/5 A cabman named Francis Williams said he had been in the habit of ‘putting on’ at complainant's rank. 1930 ‘A. Armstrong’ Taxi xii. 164 A driver will say he ‘put on sixth cab at the so-and-so’, meaning he came on the so-and-so rank when there were only five other cabs there. †11. transitive. To impose (a fine or charge). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > impose as a charge to charge1850 to put on1879 1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxi. 210 The fines were not fixed sums; the king could put on just what he liked. 1891 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 5/3 If any ‘brother’ comes out with profane language we put on a nominal fine. 12. transitive. To stage (a play, opera, etc.); (more generally) to present or organize (a public entertainment or event). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)] enact1430 to set out1540 to bring (a person) on or to the stage1602 to bring on1768 to get up1782 to put up1832 stage1879 to put on1885 1885 J. K. Jerome On Stage 53 I have known a three-act comedy put on without any rehearsal at all, and with half the people not even knowing the patter. 1924 A. Huxley Let. 29 Apr. (1969) 229 Playfair..seems to think that it will make a very good entertainment and has some hopes of getting it put on for a run. 1951 M. Kennedy Lucy Carmichael v. i. 239 If I had that hall I'd put on a Walkathon. 1990 D. Shekerjian Uncommon Genius iii. xiv. 215 Ellen was putting on a show a week on a stage the size of a table. 2006 New Musical Express 28 Jan. 21/1 We used to put on our own gigs down here with all our favourite local bands. 13. transitive. To pass (a person) a telephone in order to talk with someone who is on the line; to connect (a person) to another on the telephone. ΚΠ 1924 Ironwood (Mich.) Daily Globe 14 Aug. 2 Yes, this is Underwood... All right. Put him on. 1969 N. Freeling Tsing-Boum xvi. 121 Ruth's here. I'll put her on in a sec. 1990 S. Schwartz Lives of Fathers (1991) 54 ‘She's still in her bathrobe.’ ‘Put her on.’ ‘She can't talk.’ to put out 1. transitive. To gouge out (an eye); to blind (an eye). Also figurative. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Num. (Claud.) xvi. 14 Wilt ðu, la, ut apytan ure eagan?] lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Domitian A.viii) anno 796 Ceolwulf Myrcna cing..gefeng Eadberht Præn,..& let him pytan ut his eagan & ceorfan of his hand. c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3260 They bounde hym faste and putten [v.r. putte] out his eyen. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 20 (MED) The Philistienes..had put out his eyen & schauen his hed. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. kij^v/1 I shal..also put out thyn eyen. 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cviii Who toke Sidechias prisoner, & put out both hys eyes? 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 56/1 We shall se such gret villaneis, that they are inough to put out our eyes. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 56 Will you put out mine eyes?.. Hub. I haue sworne to do it: And with hot Irons must I burne them out. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 33 Betray'd, Captiv'd, and both my Eyes put out . View more context for this quotation 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 109 You are so robustious, you had like to put out my Eye. 1814 J. B. Scott Diary 6 Sept. in E. Mann Englishman at Home & Abroad (1930) iii. 69 Numbers of quails, whose eyes are put out to prevent them being afraid to chirp, are kept in cages. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 155 One of the hostages was brought close to the East Gate, and his eyes were put out in the sight of both armies. 1937 C. Carmer Hurricane's Children 105 He wore waistcoats that would put your eyes out. 1984 A. Carter Nights at Circus i. ii. 23 Her one eye, a sailor having put the other out with a broken bottle the year of the Great Exhibition. 1999 Renaissance No. 13. 44/1 (caption) Sharp spikes protruded from the inside of the doors [of the Iron Maiden], including two at face-level to put out the victim's eyes. 2. transitive. a. To remove or turn out of office, employment, or possession; to depose, dismiss; to dispossess. Cf. to put out of —— 3 at Phrasal verbs 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] outOE deposec1300 remuec1325 to put out1344 to set downc1369 deprivec1374 outputa1382 removea1382 to throw outa1382 to put downc1384 privea1387 to set adowna1387 to put out of ——?a1400 amovec1425 disappoint1434 unmakec1475 dismiss1477 dispoint1483 voidc1503 to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546 relieve1549 cass1550 displace1553 unauthorize1554 to wring out1560 seclude1572 eject1576 dispost1577 decass1579 overboard1585 cast1587 sequester1587 to put to grass1589 cashier1592 discompose1599 abdicate1610 unseat1611 dismount1612 disoffice1627 to take off1642 unchair1645 destitute1653 lift1659 resign1674 quietus1688 superannuate1692 derange1796 shelve1812 shelf1819 Stellenbosch1900 defenestrate1917 axe1922 retire1961 1344 P.R.O.: 192.9580 in Middle Eng. Dict. at Bresten [Someone] putte out Margerie of hire heritage. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Isa. xxii. 19 I shal putten þee out fro þi stonding, & fro þi seruyse I shal depose þee. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 137 (MED) As ferforth as we conne caste, Theodorus putte out Wilfridus wrongfulliche. c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 345 He deposid & put out the Mayre of London. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 22 And had nocht bene haly sanct Lowis the gude king of fraunce, the verray pape sanct jnnocent had bene put out vtterly. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxii^v Dysseysyn is proprely where a man entreth in ony landes or tenementes where his entre is not lefull, and putteth hym out that hath the fraunke [tenement]. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 He was baylyffe of the towne, but the lorde hath put hym out. 1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 195 The same day..that AB. Sancroft was put out. 1750 R. Bolton Justice of Peace for Irel. i. xliii. 244 The Justice of Peace may break open the House by Force, to reseize the same, and to put the Party, so put out, in Possession again. 1774 Decisions Court of Session till 1764 4 270 An assignee to a liferent-tack was found to have power to put tenants out and in. 1852 Amer. Law Reg. 1 120 The former owner..cannot claim such record in evidence of the State's title, in an action brought by the State to put him out. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Sept. 4/3 ‘If the Government don't put 'em (the planters) out, we will,’ said one of the men to me. 1964 R. Braddon Year Angry Rabbit x. 91 So what'd my Gary do to get himself knighted? Kill his dad, who was thinking next time of putting you [sc. the Government] out? 1999 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 26 Apr. 5 The policy principles..were put in place in September 1989, just before the council election that put Labour out. b. (a) Cricket and Baseball to cause (a batter or runner) to be out (out adv. 3c); (b) Sport to cause to be out of a competition, to knock out. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > dismissal of batsman > put out [verb (transitive)] to put out1735 take1828 to get out1833 remove1843 to send back1870 dismiss1875 out1899 get1901 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > put out to put out1848 society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > win > put out of competition eliminate1865 to put out1890 sideline1913 1735 London Evening Post 17 June Upon London's second Innings, four of them were put out before they headed the Country. 1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket iii. Argt. 17 Bryan is unfortunately put out by Kips. 1832 Brighton Gaz. 19 July 3/4 Mr. J. W. Osborne..did not give a chance, and was not put out in either innings. 1848 By-laws & Rules Knickerbocker Base Ball Club 13 A runner cannot be put out in making one base, when a balk is made by the pitcher. 1890 Field 24 May 776/2 Although nearly put out..in the fifth round, his steady shooting eventually enabled him to win. 1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch 107 Snodgrass was put out trying to get to third base. 1952 Times 27 May 9/4 The last six batsmen were put out for 47 runs in 50 minutes after luncheon. 1995 Vietnam News 25 Aug. 12/3 Legia Warsaw put out Gothenburg, who won their group in last season's Champions' League. c. Originally (Boxing): to knock out. Later also more generally: to render unconscious, esp. with anaesthetic. Cf. out adv. 17e. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > knock down or out to knock (formerly also hit, etc.) out of time1821 to send to dorse1822 dorse1825 to knock out1883 to put out1895 stop1895 K.O.1922 kayo1923 starch1930 1895 Washington Post 19 Nov. 8/4 (heading) Griffo–Gans match a fake. The former agreed beforehand not to put his opponent out. 1910 J. Driscoll Ringcraft iii. 84 I have..not infrequently put opponents ‘out’ with a blow on the neck. 1976 M. H. Clark Where are Children? xi. 61 Give her a needle to relax her but not to put her out. 2001 A. Solomon Noonday Demon (2002) iii. 121 A short-acting IV general anaesthetic is given, which will put the patient out completely for about ten minutes. 3. transitive. a. To thrust, drive, or send out of a place; to expel or eject by force. Also figurative. Cf. output v. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excrete [verb (transitive)] yetOE to put outa1350 void1398 expelc1405 avoid1562 ejaculate1578 excern1578 regurgitate1578 egest1607 evacuate1607 vent1607 expurgate1621 excrete1669 pass1698 to put off1740 re-ejaculate1826 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > put outdoors to put outa1350 to turn out1546 output1588 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > put out outdoc1300 to do out of ——a1325 to put outa1350 outset?1533 output1588 to turn out1654 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession outshoveOE to do out of ——OE shovec1200 to put out of ——c1225 to cast out1297 void13.. usurpa1325 to put outa1350 outputa1382 outrayc1390 excludea1400 expulse?a1475 expel1490 to shut forth1513 to put forth1526 to turn out1546 depel?1548 disseisin1548 evict1548 exturb1603 debout1619 wincha1626 disseise1627 out-pusha1631 howster1642 oust1656 out1823 purge1825 the bum's rush1910 outplace1928 a1350 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 260 (MED) Penaunce þe tid alle gate buen yput out at þe ȝate. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 99 (MED) Þe Saxones..putte out Gurmund, the Irische kyng, wiþ his Pictes. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 169 (MED) Alle þese þingis..ben comprehendid in..þe vttere wombe, in whiche ben lacertis for to helpe putte out [L. ad exprimendum] þe fecis & wijnd & vrine. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 2 Kings xiii. 17 Putte thou out [L. Eiice] this womman fro me, and close thou the dore aftir hir. a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 29 (MED) After þat..þe mater is put out [L. Post..euacuationem], þou shalt rype the carbocle. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. f. lj Then he put them all out..and entred in. 1617 Lady A. Clifford Diary Jan. (1923) 48 He put out all that were there and my Lord and I kneeled by his chair sides. 1847 J. J. Oswandel Notes Mexican War (1885) i. 16 The police attempted to put them out when they cried out ‘Go in, Killers!’ ‘Go in, Killers!’ which caused a regular row. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 128 He is..put out by the constables. 1936 Hammond (Indiana) Times 10 Nov. 3/2 They entered the class-room..and refused to leave. They were put out by the police. 1988 Independent 4 Oct. 6/3 We have done this as humanely as possible. Nobody has been put out on the street. b. To drive out, expel, dismiss (something immaterial). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away feezec890 adriveeOE aflemeeOE off-driveeOE flemeOE withdrivec1000 adreveOE to drive outOE biwevea1300 chasec1300 void13.. catcha1325 firk1340 enchasec1380 huntc1385 to catch awayc1390 forcatch1393 to put offa1398 to cast awaya1400 to put outc1400 repel?a1439 exterminate1541 chasten1548 propulse1548 keir1562 hie1563 depulse1570 band1580 bandy1591 flit1595 ferret1601 profugate1603 extermine1634 c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 163 (MED) Parfit charite putteþ out drede. a1450 (a1396) W. Hilton Eight Chapters on Perfection 23 (MED) Þat wondirful loue..is sufficient..for to put out her malice fro þe mynde of her soule. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iii. sig. c.vi Hym [sc. the man childe] lyked to put out all thy fraudes & decepcyons. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 238 The thoughts of this Booty put out all the thoughts of the first. 1914 Master Mind Mag. Oct. 17 You put out darkness by bringing in the light, and you put out evil memories by bringing in good ones. 2006 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 13 May 10 d All we need to do is..put out all thoughts of the postseason, or the next ACC team..and just go back to basics, one pitch at a time. c. To displace (a bone) from its normal position in the joint; to dislocate, put out of joint; (also) to strain (the back); to experience pain or spasm in (the back). Cf. to throw out 16 at throw v.¹ Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > affect with disorder of joints [verb (transitive)] > dislocate unjointa1393 twist?1515 dislocate1608 dislock1609 luxate1623 to put out1640 lux1708 slip1728 to throw out1885 pop1914 1640 J. Shirley St. Patrick v. sig. H^v I never knew any man strike the devill, but he put out his necke bone or his shoulder blade. 1658 R. Baxter Call to Unconverted 249 Some others have by their heedlesness sprained a sinnew or put out a bone. ?1747 Brit. Mag. 360 He struck up his Heels, and by the Violence of his fall put out his Shoulder. 1780 J. Woodforde Diary 15 July (1924) I. 289 John had a fall lately..and put out his shoulder bone, being a little merry. c1820 M. M. Sherwood Penny Tract 8 (Houlston's Juv. Tr.) Francis..had the misfortune to put out his ancle. 1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 567/2 He put out his shoulder in one of the most dangerous deadlocks. 1949 W. G. Roelker Corr. B. Franklin & C. R. Greene ii. 38 Franklin confessed that he had put his shoulder out in another fall from his horse. 1980 J. O'Faolain No Country for Young Men xv. 319 Mary let her slip in the bath and she put her hip out. 1981 Daily Mail 30 May 11/3 (caption) Dick Slaney really put his back into picking up girls yesterday—while an unfortunate rival put his back out trying the same thing. 2006 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 13 Jan. One lad slipped on a cone and..landed on another lad and put his ankle out. 2014 L. Millar Hidden Girl 115 He was already shuffling one of the shelf units through the study doorway. If Will tried that, he'd put his back out. 4. transitive. †a. (a) To express in speech or writing, to utter; (b) to vent or give expression to (an emotion) (rare). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter leadOE givec1175 tell?c1225 talkc1275 to set upa1325 to put outc1350 soundc1374 to give upc1386 pronouncea1393 cough1393 moutha1400 profera1400 forth withc1400 utterc1400 to put forth1535 display1580 vent1602 accent1603 respeak1604 vocalize1669 fetch1707 go1836 outen1951 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xliv. 1 (MED) Myn hert put out gode worde; y saye my werkes to þe kynge of glorie. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. e v ^v The first worde to the houndis that the hunt shall owt pit Is at the kenell doore when he openys it. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Aiij^v Put out no puffes, nor thwackyng words Words of to large assyce. 1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 71^v No wanton word would she put out. 1888 ‘S. Tytler’ Blackhall Ghosts II. xix. 120 All his anger was put out on poor me. b. To put into circulation; to publish, issue; to broadcast. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] sowc888 blowc1275 dispeple1297 to do abroadc1300 fame1303 publyc1350 defamea1382 publisha1382 open?1387 proclaima1393 slandera1400 spreada1400 abroachc1400 throwc1400 to give outa1425 promote?a1425 noisec1425 publicc1430 noisec1440 divulgea1464 to put outc1475 skail1487 to come out witha1500 bruit1525 bruita1529 to bear out1530 divulgate1530 promulgate1530 propale?1530 ventilate1530 provulgate1535 sparple1536 sparse1536 promulge1539 disperse1548 publicate1548 forthtell1549 hurly-burly?1550 propagate1554 to set abroada1555 utter1561 to set forth1567 blaze1570 evulgate1570 scatter1576 rear?1577 to carry about1585 pervulgate1586 celebrate?1596 propalate1598 vent1602 evulge1611 to give forth1611 impublic1628 ventilate1637 disseminate1643 expose1644 emit1650 to put about1664 to send abroad1681 to get abroad1688 to take out1697 advertise1710 forward1713 to set abouta1715 circulate1780 broadcast1829 vent1832 vulgate1851 debit1879 float1883 society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)] to put forth1482 to put out1529 to set forth1535 promulge1539 to set abroada1555 present1559 to set out1559 utter1561 divulge1566 publish1573 print?1594 emit1650 edition1715 edit1727 to give to the world1757 to get out1786 to send forth1849 to bring out1878 run1879 release1896 pub1932 society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > put into circulation [verb (transitive)] utterc1483 to put forth1572 pass1579 to turn and wind1598 wind1598 vent1629 to put outa1719 expose1751 mobilize1864 monetarize1952 c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 64 (MED) Erippides..said vnto theim of Athenes whiche prayde him that he wolde put oute a sentence of a tragedie, [etc.]. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 223/1 Tyndal hath put out in hys own name another booke entitled Mammona. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iv. 351 To peruse those bookes of Citties, put out by Braunus, and Hogenbergius. 1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 141 There is a Primmer put out for the Quaker Children, by W. Smith. a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. iii. 538 He put out a Coin, that on the reverse of it had a ship tossed on the waves to represent the Church. 1760 T. Brett Diss. Anc. Versions Bible 71 Afterwards he put out another Edition. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Specimens of Table Talk (1835) I. 162 There is a great decay of devotional unction in the numerous books of prayers put out now-a-days. 1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxxv, in Monthly Packet Apr. 317 Injunctions were put out this winter..against carrying candles on Candlemas Day. 1957 BBC Handbk. 136 These transmissions [of colour television]..were put out in the London area. 1965 G. Melly Owning-up xi. 135 His version of ‘Rock Island Line’..was put out as a single and rose to be top of the Hit Parade. 1996 J. Guinn & A. Grieser Something in Blood i. 9 Since 1990 I'd been putting out this little vampire fanzine called VAMPS. 2002 L. Purves Radio (2003) i. 13 The broadcasters often put out stern warnings to residents in certain streets to stop causing interference to their neighbours. c. To distribute or make available for purchase; to introduce into or place on the market. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale > establish or promote (a product) launch1870 to put out1883 market1922 package1946 1883 Colman's Rural World (St. Louis, Missouri) 15 Nov. 4/2 They can therefore put out their product and reap a good profit. 1922 Milk Dealer Nov. 73 The milk company..had planned to put out a chocolate milk. 1973 E. A. Clasen in Social Marketing 199 You cannot put out a product that meets every standard in the marketplace. 2001 Business Week 2 July 71/3 Nike insisted on putting out its own Nike brand of skates. 5. a. transitive. To stretch out or extend (a part of the body, esp. a hand); to cause to stick out, jut out, or project. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully to put forthc1300 thrustc1374 to put outa1382 proferc1400 outstretcha1425 to hold out1535 outhold1550 push1581 intend1601 stick1607 protrude1638 poke1700 blurt1818 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iii. 22 Now þenn lest parauentour he putte out his honde & take also of þe tree of lyf. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. 175 (MED) Þe paume hath powere to put [v.r. pittyn] oute alle þe ioyntes, And to vnfolde þe folden fuste. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxxviii. E The one put out his hande. 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cvij^v Mycterismus. Subsannatio, a skornyng by some testure [perh. read gesture] of the face, as by wrythinge the nose, putting out the tonge. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 28 Let each take some: Nay put out all your hands. View more context for this quotation 1662 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 120 The Fowler stands before the bird, and if hee put out an arm, the bird stretcheth out a wing. 1728 J. Arbuthnot Acct. State of Learning in Lilliput 16 At that..he put out his Under-Lip. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued IV. xxiii. 213 He did not skate with a stump leg,..but put out a broad foot with which he could have a good flat tread. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vi. 126 When she put out her hand to save a pirn, it perked up in her face in the form of a pistol. 1889 F. M. Crawford Greifenstein I. vii. 203 Putting out his hand to prevent the act. 1943 G. Greene Ministry of Fear ii. ii. 152 Johns put out a weak hand and laid it on the newspapers. 1998 A. Warner Sopranos 201 He put his tongue out and there was a silver stud in the middle towards the tip. †b. intransitive. U.S. Of a river or piece of land: to extend or stretch out, esp. in relation to a specified point; to jut out. Cf. sense 6c. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > extend in a certain direction liec1000 shootc1000 drawc1180 stretcha1387 streek1388 bear1556 trend1598 tend1604 take1610 to make out1743 to put out1755 trench1768 make1787 1755 in New Jersey Archives XIX. 532 One Mile from Shrewsbury River, and about three Quarters of a Mile from a good Landing that puts out of said River. 1840 C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer I. 116 A ledge of bald rock to the left yonder..puts out from the ridge. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds 311 Commenced the ascent of the Buckskin, a low range of partially-wooded hills, putting out across the plateau nearly to the Colorado. 1912 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 3 Apr. 6/6 We sailed from St. Pierre and rounded the rocky promintory [sic] that puts out into the sea. 6. transitive. a. To place or set in an accessible, visible, or exposed position, or so as to be available for use. ΚΠ c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3732 And at the wyndow out she putte [v.r. pitte] hir hole. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 193^v (MED) Clanse it & putte it out to þe sunne to dryen for to þe watir be al wastid awey. 1566 in S. Young Ann. Barber-surgeons London (1890) 181 No Barber shall..put out any bason or basons..upon his poule on Sundays or Holy days. 1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 741 Making a strong corps of garde, and putting out good centinels. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 265 The Cramp..so often kills those [sc. Turkeys] kept in the House, when they are put out in the Dew. 1773 Art of tanning & currying Leather 194 When perched, they [sc. sheepskins] are put out to dry, oiled on the grain,..and brightened. 1790 J. Macdonald Trav. Europe, Asia, & Afr. 194 I opened up my little case with wine, and put it on the table... I put out the travelling-pye, and the gentleman had another. 1831 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 68 Having put out my dresses for my favourite Portia for to-night. 1879 ‘Cavendish’ Card Ess. 69 He put out four cards and took in the stock. 1926 N.Y. Times 30 May xx. 9 In northern Yucatan he found Indians putting out bowls of posole (a drink made of corn) as offerings to the Wind God. 1962 I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose iii. xiv. 130 Each night she put out the milk for her hedgehogs. 1990 Sunday Mirror 4 Feb. 28 Rushing round getting ready for an interview I couldn't find the bra I had put out. b. To unfurl, hang out, display (a flag, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [verb (transitive)] > fly or hoist flags, etc. stretchc1400 to put outa1450 show1488 wear1558 to set out1573 to set up1585 to put abroad1625 fly1655 hoist1697 rehoist1765 run1815 a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1973 Pryd, put out þi penon of raggys and of rowte. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xi. 46 b The port, at the entring wherof were put out all the flags..of our gallies. 1624 G. Carleton Thankfull Remembrance Gods Mercy v. 47 They put out a white flagge and demaunded parley. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 14 When he had put out the Colours of St. Mark, we shewed ours. 1705 Boston News-let. 16 Apr. 2/2 The other Sloop also put out French Colours, & came so near as to Nail Fowles. 1748 J. Campbell Lives Admirals II. iv. 175 Immediately Sir Robert went on board The Fanfan, and put out his Flag. 1863 W. D. Bickham Rosecrans' Campaign with 14th Army Corps xxxii. 347 Some of them prepared to put out a white flag. 1871 Appletons' Jrnl. 22 July 99 From their windows hung the flags of all the European nations. We had seen them put out in the afternoon. 1911 Mansfield (Ohio) News 3 Feb. 1/1 American and other foreign flags were at once put out by the foreign residents. 1944 D. Thomas Let. 27 July (1987) 517 They worshipped dogs there, too, and when a pom was born in one house the woman put out the Union Jack. 2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 8 June 42 The next day we drove home and our neighbours had put out bunting in the streets: it was like the Coronation. 7. transitive. †a. To put an end to; to destroy, abolish, obliterate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to undoc950 shendOE forfarea1000 endc1000 to do awayOE aquenchc1175 slayc1175 slayc1175 stathea1200 tinea1300 to-spilla1300 batec1300 bleschea1325 honisha1325 leesea1325 wastec1325 stanch1338 corrumpa1340 destroy1340 to put awayc1350 dissolvec1374 supplanta1382 to-shend1382 aneantizec1384 avoidc1384 to put outa1398 beshenda1400 swelta1400 amortizec1405 distract1413 consumec1425 shelfc1425 abroge1427 downthringc1430 kill1435 poisonc1450 defeat1474 perish1509 to blow away1523 abrogatea1529 to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529 dash?1529 to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531 put in the pot1531 wipea1538 extermine1539 fatec1540 peppera1550 disappoint1563 to put (also set) beside the saddle1563 to cut the throat of1565 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to make a hand of (also on, with)1569 demolish1570 to break the neck of1576 to make shipwreck of1577 spoil1578 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579 cipher1589 ruinate1590 to cut off by the shins1592 shipwreck1599 exterminate1605 finish1611 damnify1612 ravel1614 braina1616 stagger1629 unrivet1630 consummate1634 pulverizea1640 baffle1649 devil1652 to blow up1660 feague1668 shatter1683 cook1708 to die away1748 to prove fatal (to)1759 to knock up1764 to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834 to put the kibosh on1834 to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835 kibosh1841 to chaw up1843 cooper1851 to jack up1870 scuttle1888 to bugger up1891 jigger1895 torpedo1895 on the fritz1900 to put paid to1901 rot1908 down and out1916 scuppera1918 to put the skids under1918 stonker1919 liquidate1924 to screw up1933 cruel1934 to dig the grave of1934 pox1935 blow1936 to hit for six1937 to piss up1937 to dust off1938 zap1976 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 277 His [sc. goottes] galle putteþ oute [L. depellitur] dymnesse of yhen. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 84 (MED) I ordeynede my sone a seruaunt..þat þe inobedience of Adam schulde be putt out. a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) ix. 12 Their renown, which seem'd so like to last, Thou dost put out. a1661 T. Fuller Life H. Smith in H. Smith Serm. (1675) sig. A4^v Those who..bury their Talents in the ground, putting them out because they will not put them out, extinguishing their Abilities because they will not imploy them. ?1701 W. Hope Addit. Representation to Parl. 3 He had almost put out her Life with his Feet. 1756 M. Calderwood in Scotsman (1884) 13 Dec. 9/6 To see the odds of clergymen in one country from another..entirely puts out bigotry. 1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 180 An odour which put out the former perfume. 1890 Field 24 May 776/3 A sharp left-hander put out Mr. Ellis's chance. b. To extinguish (something burning, or giving off light); to douse; to turn off (an electric light). Also figurative and in figurative contexts.Formerly also: †(of a light) to be so bright as to render (a dimmer light) invisible, to eclipse (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > make dark [verb (transitive)] > quench (light) aquenchc1000 quenchOE to do outa1425 extinct1483 to put outa1500 out-quencha1522 dout1526 pop1530 extinguish1551 to put forth1598 snuff1688 douse1753 douse1780 smoor1808 to turn out1844 outen1877 to turn off1892 to black out1913 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)] aquenchc1000 quenchc1175 sleckc1175 slockena1300 bleschea1325 sleckena1340 sleaka1400 asteyntea1450 stancha1450 mesec1480 slockc1480 extinct1483 redd1487 to put outa1500 out-quencha1522 squench1535 extinguish1551 out1629 smoor1721 douse1842 a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 348 Ofte..the devel putteth out the fire of charitee. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Liiii No wynde ne rayne coude quenche it ne put it out. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 Rake up the fyre and put out the candell. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxix. xxxi. 732 Unlesse they put out this sparkle of fire betimes,..it will be their chaunce to be caught therewith. a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) i. ii. 8 Her nose the candle... Put out your nose good Lady. You burn day-light. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. Ep. Ded. sig. A6^v It is your Glory, that you like not so to shine, as to put out the least Star. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 58. ⁋1 All my idle Flames are extinguish'd, as you may observe, ordinary Fires are often put out by the Sunshine. 1757 B. Franklin Poor Richard xxv. 1290 Scarlet, Silk and Velvet, have put out the Kitchen Fire. 1816 B. Waterhouse Jrnl. Young Man Mass. (1911) xii. 381 There was an order that all lights should be put out by eight o'clock at night in every prison. 1889 A. Sergeant Esther Denison i. x A draught from the door put out the candles. 1909 Chatterbox 111/1 Here's the hot-water can..nip with it to the galley before the cook puts his fire out. 1958 ‘J. Castle’ & A. Hailey Flight into Danger xi. 154 Put out your runway lights, except zero-eight. 1992 Rolling Stone 10 Dec. 130/3 It was easier to go and sit in at a lunch counter all day and let a lighted cigarette get put out in your hair. †c. To strike out or delete (something written or drawn); to erase; (hence) to remove or expunge from a text or document. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > efface, obliterate [verb (transitive)] > writing, etc. deface1340 razea1393 blot1530 to put out1530 delete1540 dispunct1570 obliterate1578 expunct1596 expunge1602 erase1605 dele1612 dispunge1622 retrench1645 liturate1656 excise1663 to scratch out1712 efface1737 extrapolate1831 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 There was a writynge upon his grave, but the weather hath put it out. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 675/1 Here was a horse properly paynted, but all his heed is put out. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms l[i]. 9 Turne thy face fro my synnes, and put out all my myszdedes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 103 He sent to the foure Bishops againe, that they should put out that poynt of restitution. 1610 A. Willet Hexapla in Danielem 356 When he portraiteth the picture he putteth out the first lines [= outlines]. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Obelise,..to make a long stroke in writing, to signifie somewhat to be put out. a1708 W. Beveridge Thes. Theologicus (1710) II. 312 The Constantinopolitan Bishops put a patre into the Creed, the Western Churches filioque..; Leo III put it out, and Nicolaus put it in again, and so arose the schism. 1795 Trials High Treason 1794 (ed. 2) 219 The paper is to be read as it is; and, if there are words put out, or words put in, without striking out, the whole of the paper must be read and seen. c1859 in S. M. Schmucker Life & Times George Washington App. ii. 395 In some places..sentences and words put out, and others put in their place. d. British slang. To kill (a person). Cf. to put out of the way at way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 2h(c)(i). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > man-killing or homicide > murder or assassination > murder or assassinate [verb (transitive)] amurderOE murderc1175 homicidec1470 murdresc1480 murtrish1490 manquell1548 slaughter1582 massacre1591 assassinate1600 remove1609 assassin1620 to do the business for a person1759 Septembrize1794 croak1823 square1888 shift1898 to take out1900 to bump off1907 bump1914 to do in1914 to put out1917 to knock off1919 terminate1920 to give (a person) the works1929 scrag1930 snuff1932 wash1941 waste1964 wipe1968 to terminate with extreme prejudice1969 neutralize1970 snuff1973 stiff1974 1917 W. Owen Let. 25 Apr. (1967) 452 For twelve days we lay in holes, where at any moment a shell might put us out. 1935 E. Wallace & R. Curtis Mouthpiece xvii. 225 That's the offer the gentleman made—five hundred quid to put you out and keep me mouth shut. 1975 ‘E. Lathen’ By Hook or by Crook xii. 114 The minute his stomach started acting up, he would've been yelling for the cops. He had to be put out fast. 8. a. transitive. To bring into play, to employ, exercise; to exert. Cf. to put forth 3 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] > put in effective operation yieldc1315 underbear1382 to put forthc1390 showa1398 apply?c1400 to put outc1400 exercisec1405 to put toc1410 employ?1473 enforce1490 exerce1535 adhibit?1538 addict1562 endeavour?1575 work1591 address1598 to give stream to?1611 to lay out1651 exsert1665 exert1682 c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. i. 116 (MED) For pride þat he put out, his peyne haþ non ende. 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 295 To Putt out voce or strenght, exero. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 147 Pray you put vp your dagger, and put out your wit. View more context for this quotation 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iii. iv. 23 in Wks. II With purpose, yet, to put him out I hope To his best vse? 1667 Guthrie's Christian's Great Interest (ed. 4) 117 Unless a man..put out faith in Christ Jesus..he cannot be saved. 1755 Guthrie's Trial 167 The spirit of God whose proper work it is to put out the foresaid noble operations. 1856 Titan Mag. July 4/1 I'm not putting out my strength. 1887 H. S. Holland Christ or Eccles. (1888) 96 God..would put out His strength to correct, to righten, to redeem. 1952 Traverse City (Mich.) Record-Eagle 17 Apr. 16/6 ‘I'm giving it my best shot now,’ he says firmly. ‘I'm putting out every last ounce.’ 1982 A. Tyler Dinner at Homesick Restaurant (1983) iv. 117 Like she can't be bothered putting out the effort. Not a bit of lipstick, and those crayony black lines around her eyes. 2006 Time Out N.Y. 12 Jan. 8/1 To put out minimal effort while coasting to retirement. b. intransitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To exert oneself; to bring effort or energy to bear. ΚΠ 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling 397 Pity hit take a thing like this to make you put out. 1961 Ada (Okla.) Evening News 3 Aug. 7/5 The players have been putting out for him and that's about all that Manager Sam Mele can expect. 1995 Arena Dec. 15/2 The good name of Arena meant that quite a few of us put out for him, and offered ourselves for audiences with the guy. 9. transitive. †a. To thwart, foil, baffle (a person). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat shendc893 overwinOE overheaveOE mate?c1225 to say checkmatea1346 vanquishc1366 stightlea1375 outrayc1390 to put undera1393 forbeat1393 to shave (a person's) beardc1412 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 adawc1440 supprisec1440 to knock downc1450 to put to the worsta1475 waurc1475 convanquish1483 to put out1485 trima1529 convince1548 foil1548 whip1571 evict1596 superate1598 reduce1605 convict1607 defail1608 cast1610 banga1616 evince1620 worst1646 conquer1655 cuffa1657 trounce1657 to ride down1670 outdo1677 routa1704 lurcha1716 fling1790 bowl1793 lick1800 beat1801 mill1810 to row (someone) up Salt River1828 defeat1830 sack1830 skunk1832 whop1836 pip1838 throw1850 to clean out1858 take1864 wallop1865 to sock it to1877 whack1877 to clean up1888 to beat out1893 to see off1919 to lower the boom on1920 tonk1926 clobber1944 ace1950 to run into the ground1955 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. liij/2 He beyng put out alle fro hys purpose, toke leue of the kyng. b. To cause to lose one's self-possession; to disconcert, discompose; to confuse; to embarrass. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > disconcert blemish1544 blank1548 to put out1598 unsettle1644 disconcert1695 to put off1909 to put (someone) off (his) strokea1914 to bend (a person) out of shape1955 to throw off1978 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 102 Euer and anon they made a doubt, Presence maiesticall would put him out . View more context for this quotation 1653 J. Shirley Sisters ii. 13 I think her impudence will make him blush, And put him out. 1769 I. Bickerstaff & S. Foote Dr. Last i. xiv. 23 They only does this to put me out now, because I'm no collegian. 1820 M. Edgeworth Let. 19 Aug. (1979) 216 They had not expected us..but M. de Staël is remarkably well-bred..and this did not put him out at all. a1849 E. A. Poe Diddling in Wks. (1864) IV. 268 He is never seduced into a flurry. He is never put out. 1886 R. C. Praed Miss Jacobsen's Chance II. xiii. 203 You are so cool and composed, and nothing puts you out. 1939 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. VI. 173 Stoic and Epicurean philosophers..apparently were not put out by the incongruity between their rotativist conception of the nature of Reality and their ethical aim of Detachment. 1985 R. Carver Fires 176 They weren't embarrassed or put out by any of the activities that went on in our house. †c. To cause (a person) to be distracted or interrupted in a course of action, speech, etc.; to cause to perform badly, make a mistake, or lose concentration. Cf. to put off 7d at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)] letc888 shrenchc897 forstanda1000 amarOE disturbc1290 impeachc1380 stopc1380 withstandc1385 hinder1413 accloy1422 hindc1426 to hold abackc1440 appeachc1460 impeditec1535 inhibit1535 obstacle1538 damp1548 trip1548 embarrass1578 dam1582 to clip the wings ofa1593 unhelp1598 uppen1600 straiten1607 rub1608 impediment1610 impedea1616 to put out1616 to put off1631 scote1642 obstruct1645 incommodiate1650 offend1651 sufflaminate1656 hindrance1664 disassist1671 clog1679 muzzle1706 squeeze1804 to take the wind out of the sails of1822 throttle1825 block1844 overslaugh1853 snag1863 gum1901 slow-walk1965 the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] fortogglea1300 to call away1529 scatter1530 forhale1579 to draw away1586 diffuse?1587 to call off1606 divert1609 to put out1616 avoke1623 disjoint1628 to take a person out of himself (herself, etc.)1631 to draw off1646 divertise1648 to take off1670 dissipate1684 to turn off1741 to throw out1821 to turn away1848 the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > lack of concentration, distraction > distract [verb (transitive)] > from a purpose, etc. withdraw1340 distractc1380 waive1390 wresta1400 to turn aside1535 avocate1543 detract1548 to turn off1573 take1574 swaya1593 to put out1616 to put off1631 sidetrack1887 to turn off1951 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. iii, in Wks. I. 536 He will salute..a lady when she is dauncing in a masque, and put her out . View more context for this quotation 1673 W. Wycherley Gentleman Dancing-master iv. i My aunt is here, and she will put me out: you know I cannot dance before her. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. v. iv. 137 She was playing one of her Father's favourite Tunes..when the Muff fell over her Fingers, and put her out . View more context for this quotation 1771 Trial Atticus before Justice Beau 51 I have stood a long time in astonishment to hear the Lawyer talk, but held my tongue that he might not twit me of putting him out again. 1831 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III. 53 They put us out terribly in one scene by forgetting the bench on which I have to sit down. 1890 Sat. Rev. 9 Aug. 165/1 The bill-brokers..are therefore put out in their calculations. 1910 E. Nesbit Magic City iv. 106 I wish you wouldn't interrupt, Master Philip. You put me out. d. To cause to lose one's equanimity; to distress, upset; (in later use esp.) to annoy, irritate, vex. Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] gremec893 grillc897 teenOE mispay?c1225 agrillec1275 oftenec1275 tarya1300 tarc1300 atenec1320 enchafec1374 to-tarc1384 stingc1386 chafe?a1400 pokec1400 irec1420 ertc1440 rehete1447 nettlec1450 bog1546 tickle1548 touch1581 urge1593 aggravate1598 irritate1598 dishumour1600 to wind up1602 to pick at ——1603 outhumour1607 vex1625 bloody1633 efferate1653 rankle1659 spleen1689 splenetize1700 rile1724 roil1742 to put out1796 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 roughen1837 acerbate1845 to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846 nag1849 to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859 frump1862 rattle1865 to set up any one's bristles1873 urticate1873 needle1874 draw1876 to rough up1877 to stick pins into1879 to get on ——1880 to make (someone) tiredc1883 razoo1890 to get under a person's skin1896 to get a person's goat1905 to be on at1907 to get a person's nanny1909 cag1919 to get a person's nanny-goat1928 cagmag1932 peeve1934 tick-off1934 to get on a person's tits1945 to piss off1946 bug1947 to get up a person's nose1951 tee1955 bum1970 tick1975 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. x. xiv. 542 I can't say but what I'm a little put out, that Indiana should forget poor Mrs. Margland. 1822 C. Lamb Let. 20 Mar. (1935) II. 319 Deaths over-set one and put one out long after the recent grief. 1871 Mrs. H. Wood Dene Hollow III. ii. 24 Sir Dene [was]..thoroughly put out with the ex-captain. 1930 Punch 2 Apr. 376/1 They often began like that when they were rather put out with one another. 1960 B. Crowther Hollywood Rajah xiii. 210 Mayer's associates, even some he thought his closest, were seriously put out with him. 1994 Wedding & Home June 103/1 Apart from being a bit put out because he hadn't whisked me off to a luxury hotel, we just argued the whole week about little things. e. To put (a person) to trouble or inconvenience. Frequently reflexive and in negative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > inconvenience > affect with inconvenience [verb (transitive)] trouble1516 misease1530 incommodatea1575 inconveniencea1656 run1697 incommode1702 disannul1794 disconvenience1821 to put about1825 to put out1851 to jerk around1877 to bugger about1921 to dick around1944 to fuck around1955 to bugger around1961 to screw around1967 to fuck about1975 to cock around1990 to dick about1996 to cock about2009 1851 R. F. Burton Scinde II. xix. 129 The khan did not put himself out to come and meet us. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. xvi. 290 Don't you lose heart because he won't put himself out for you. 1880 J. Payn Confidential Agent I. 154 Stephen..was not the man to ‘put himself out’—that is to say, to make the least sacrifice of independence. 1915 J. Turner Let. 19 Apr. in C. Warren Somewhere in France (2019) 7 My dear little sister..do not, I beg of you, so put yourself out because a fellow goes out of his way to write a glowing acknowledgement of them [sc. deReszke cigarettes]. 1934 L. Charteris Boodle i. 19 I don't want to put you out at all, but it's getting a bit late. 1966 G. Jackson Let. 20 Oct. in Soledad Brother (1971) 101 I wanted to know if I was going to remain here..before I asked you to put yourself out in sending it. 1994 J. Galloway Foreign Parts viii. 124 Cassie put her hands in her pockets and pretended to glare at the frog. I'm putting myself out for you here. 10. transitive. a. (a) To send (one's child) to be nursed by another woman; (more generally) to place (a person, esp. a child) away from home to be cared for, as an apprentice, etc. Frequently with to. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another > specifically a person > away from his or its home to put out1533 1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. iv. ix. f. ccxv The fathers and the mothers oftentymes put out theyr chyldren to other folke to nurse. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. iv. sig. H3^v As some weake breasted dame Giueth her infant, puts it out to nurse. 1676 W. Dugdale Baronage Eng. II. 227 For the placing out of poor Children of the said Parish of St. Giles, to be Apprentices, whereof two to be put out every year—200 l. 1706 Boston News-let. 11 Feb. 2/2 Any person that wants to put out a Child a Nursing on the Breast, may repair unto John Campbell Post-Master of Boston. 1751 S. Whatley England's Gazetteer at Bromsgrove A ch[arity] s[chool]..for teaching, cloathing, and putting out 12 boys apprentices. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby lx. 594 The child was put out to nurse a long way off, his mother never saw him. 1869 W. Longman Hist. Edward III I. xix. 343 Their children were often put out to wet nurse with the native Irish. 1913 Times 14 May 10/2 A statute was passed forbidding parents to put out a son or daughter as an apprentice unless they..had 20 shillings a year in land or rent. 1975 M. Hewitt Wives & Mothers in Victorian Industry x. 145 Operatives put out their first child to be nursed while the mother returned to the mill. 1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Apr. 41/2 Jonno Lynch, a wild outcast lad put out to fosterage, shows him how to steal apples. (b) To send (an animal) out to feed, esp. to graze, or for exercise, etc.; to send (a domestic pet) out of the house, esp. at night.to put out to pasture: see pasture n. 6. to put out to grass: see grass n.¹ Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > pasture leasowc950 feed1382 pasturec1400 grassc1500 graze1564 to put out1600 summer1601 impasture1614 depasture1713 run1767 range1816 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [verb (transitive)] > put out dog or cat to put out1917 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 414 There were the labouring beasts put out to grasse & pasture. 1639 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 65 Every Swyne that shalbe put out at liberty shalbe well and sufficiently Ringed. ?1715 Gentleman's Compl. Jockey 67 Thus having fitted him for the Field, put him out in a warm, dry day. 1789 G. Campbell tr. Four Gospels II. 313 Having put out his sheep, he walketh before them. 1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. ix. 79 Meaning to remain some time in a certain town to which he came, the Captain had his horse put out to pasture. 1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 i. 25 In the morning she [sc. a cow] was put out to grass. 1917 D. F. Canfield Understood Betsy ii. 46 Mother, did you put Shep out? 1925 P. G. Wodehouse Carry on, Jeeves ii. 40 When he has put the cat out and locked up the office for the night, he just relapses into a state of coma. 1987 Nat. World Winter 16 (caption) Pigs are put out for pannage in the autumn. 2005 R. Tope Cotswold Killing xiv. 195 She didn't think she'd put the dogs out..for a bedtime widdle—but it seemed to her now that she must have done. (c) To plant out (seedlings, etc.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)] setc725 planteOE impc1420 enroot1490 implant1610 to put in1657 to plant out1664 to put out1699 to stop in1826 to put down1865 the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > plant out to put out1699 to plant out1793 1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 204 The Orangery, or Winter Conservatory..contains 3000 Cases of greens... They did not think fitting to put them out this Year till the latter end of May. 1851 E. C. Gaskell Let. 7 Apr. (1966) 149 We are sowing very few annuals this year..& relying on putting out the greenhouse things for a summer show. 1892 Field 17 Sept. 442/2 To raise plants from seed, and..[have] a vigorous healthy stock to put out annually. 1942 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 22 168 He..entered the number of thousand of tobacco plants put out. 2001 Org. Gardening Jan. 20/2 If you are going to risk it outdoors, hold off the transplanting until May, then put them out under large cloches. b. To pay out (money) with the expectation of profit; to lend at interest; to invest. In later use also: to expend, spend. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > invest improve1461 occupy1465 to put out1572 vie1598 put1604 stock1683 sink1699 place1700 vest1719 fund1778 embark1832 to put forth1896 1572 T. Wilson Disc. Vsurye f. 90 Suche of the Cleargie, as put out their money for vsurie,..shalbee degraded from all theire degrees of ecclesiasticall office. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 198 No meane Lordes..and Gentlemen in our Court had in like sort put out money upon a horserace. 1690 E. Gee Jesuit's Mem. 230 The said Dowry..is put out to Rent, and assurance given for it. 1734 J. Ward Introd. Math. (ed. 6) ii. xii. 254 What Principal or Sum of Money must be put (or Let) out to Raise a Stock of 385l. 13s. 7½d.? 1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 248 Employing it to do good is to put it out to the highest interest. 1806 Times 22 Jan. 3/4 The money received has been uniformly put out at interest for the benefit of the fund. 1884 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 13 Sept. If the opposing candidate did not have a rich father-in-law, who will put out money freely. 1931 Economist 1 Aug. 210/1 In the total due to foreigners the chief changes were a reduction of $164 millions in foreign funds ‘put out’ in American acceptances. 1950 N. Cassady Let. 7 Nov. (2005) 192 If I stay here..I'll have to now put out $1 a day for another room..so where do I gain? 1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 26 Sept. b2/1 No lender can be said to be under pressure to put his money out. 2007 S. Florida Sun-Sentinel (Nexis) 24 Jan. There's no cap on coaches' salaries and Jones won't hesitate to put out the money for the man he wants. c. To arrange for (work) to be done off the premises or ‘out of house’ (by contractors, freelancers, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > send work off premises to put out1653 farm1666 contract1897 subcontract1898 subbie1983 1653 R. Verney Let. in M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family Commonwealth (1894) iv. 112 I will keepe but one woeman kind, who must wash my small Linnen (bed & board linnen shall bee put out). 1745 E. Montagu Let. in E. J. Climenson Elizabeth Montagu (1906) I. 225 He is to have..six pounds wages the first year... He is to put out his washing. 1770 A. Young Course Exper. Agric. I. i. i. 188 When men are sought for, they will take advantage of every circumstance; and, besides the imposition which they always practise when new kinds of work is [sic] put out to them, they [etc.]. 1834 New Monthly Mag. 42 117 The farmer has availed himself of the power..to put out, as it is termed, the reaping of his wheat. 1853 Times 5 May 3/5 The work was put out to men residing in villages; if the work was badly done a deduction was made. 1884 I. Banks Sybilla III. 49 Mrs. Price did not put out her washing. 1932 C. K. Rogers Story Two Lives ii. 7 She had put out the work she was engaged to do. 1976 Daily Courier (Connellsville, Pa.) 4 May 1/3 Buffone put the work out to anyone and everyone. 1991 Metalworking Production Sept. q7 (caption) In-house calibration of plunger and level dial gauges—better for users than the delay and cost of putting out calibration. 11. a. Nautical. (a) intransitive. To set off from the land; to go out to sea; to set out on a voyage. Cf. sense 9c. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage to go to seac900 to take the seac1275 to go or fere to (the) saila1375 sail1387 to make saila1500 to set sail1513 lance1526 launch1534 to put off1582 to put out?1587 to put forth1604 to come to sail1633 underweigh1891 to take sail1904 ?1587 R. Leng True Descr. Voy. Sir F. Drake (1863) 14 We all put out to sea..: videlicet..the Golden Lyon, vize-admirall; the Dreade-naughte, reare admirall [etc.]. 1598 W. Phillip tr. Descr. Voy. E. Indies 11 We put out with a North wind, the Bay stretching Northeast and Southwest. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 191 If any ship put out, then straight away. View more context for this quotation 1672 C. Manners in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 25 Our Navy puts out again to sea stronger than at first. 1708 D. Jones Compl. Hist. Europe 1707 342 They put out from Plymouth on the 9th, and next day fell in with the Dunkirk and Brest Squadron. 1764 E. Seymour Compl. Hist. Eng. I. 137 The master was ordered immediately to weigh anchor, which he declined, alledging, the hazard of putting out to sea in such squally and boisterous weather. 1848 T. B. Macaulay Armada in Lays Anc. Rome (new ed.) 165 Many a light fishing-bark put out to pry along the coast. 1860 All Year Round 21 July 344 The life-boat can brave storms in which a coast-guard boat or fisher boat could not venture to put out. 1941 N. M. Gunn Silver Darlings iv. 82 From every cottage door within sight, eyes watched the fleet of boats as in the late afternoon they put out to sea. 1994 Chapman No. 77. 76 My grandmother grew up with..the fishing boats putting out and returning. (b) transitive. To launch (a vessel); to send off from land, or from a larger vessel; to take out to sea. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > put out a (boat or ship) to put out1621 to put off1639 to set out1694 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania iv. 531 They perceiued a Squire to put out the long Boat and make towards them. 1671 Voy. Spitzbergen i. i. 4 in Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) We saw a Whale not far off from our Ship, we put out four Boats from on board after him. 1728 P. Aubin Life & Adventures Young Count Albertus iv. 73 Having made a Fire, they left him, and went to put out their Boat. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 353 The Prince Frederick privateer being the nearest vessel, put out her boats. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. ii. 14 Through the deep brine ye fearless may put out Your vessel. 1864 Times 30 Mar. 9/4 The only thing that could be done was to put out the boats and to obtain assistance from shore. 1919 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 12 Nov. 4/4 There was no single hitch in putting out the boats and abandoning ship. 1986 Today's Guide Apr. 11/2 Small rowing boats..were put out from the large ships. 2005 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 3 Jan. His 22-year-old daughter pleaded with him to put out his boat. b. intransitive. Chiefly U.S. To depart, leave, esp. in haste; to make off; to set out for. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away suddenly or hastily fleec825 runOE swervea1225 biwevec1275 skip1338 streekc1380 warpa1400 yerna1400 smoltc1400 stepc1460 to flee (one's) touch?1515 skirr1548 rubc1550 to make awaya1566 lope1575 scuddle1577 scoura1592 to take the start1600 to walk off1604 to break awaya1616 to make off1652 to fly off1667 scuttle1681 whew1684 scamper1687 whistle off1689 brush1699 to buy a brush1699 to take (its, etc.) wing1704 decamp1751 to take (a) French leave1751 morris1765 to rush off1794 to hop the twig1797 to run along1803 scoot1805 to take off1815 speela1818 to cut (also make, take) one's lucky1821 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 absquatulize1829 mosey1829 absquatulate1830 put1834 streak1834 vamoose1834 to put out1835 cut1836 stump it1841 scratch1843 scarper1846 to vamoose the ranch1847 hook1851 shoo1851 slide1859 to cut and run1861 get1861 skedaddle1862 bolt1864 cheese it1866 to do a bunkc1870 to wake snakes1872 bunk1877 nit1882 to pull one's freight1884 fooster1892 to get the (also to) hell out (of)1892 smoke1893 mooch1899 to fly the coop1901 skyhoot1901 shemozzle1902 to light a shuck1905 to beat it1906 pooter1907 to take a run-out powder1909 blow1912 to buzz off1914 to hop it1914 skate1915 beetle1919 scram1928 amscray1931 boogie1940 skidoo1949 bug1950 do a flit1952 to do a scarper1958 to hit, split or take the breeze1959 to do a runner1980 to be (also get, go) ghost1986 1835 Niles' Reg. 22 Aug. 436 Apprehending judge Lynch's law, he put out in a hurry. He was pursued and caught. 1856 G. D. Brewerton War in Kansas 42 We ‘put out’ in search of fire and a shelter. 1919 Outing Mar. 293/1 Then he started, saw us,..and put out for the bush with every indication of panic. 1932 Somerset Year Bk. 47/2 He put out for hooäm so vast as ur could. 1968 Amer. Speech 43 217 He [sc. the trapper] was always..just puttin' out for elsewhere. 12. a. intransitive. Of a leaf, bud, etc.: to sprout, to appear, come out. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth > of bud, etc. to put forth1594 to put out1603 pullulate1618 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 585 What els hath given Poets occasion..to compare it [sc. the life of man] unto the leaves of trees, which put out in the Spring season, fade and fall againe in Autumne. 1696 J. Cockburn Enq. into Nature, Necessity, & Evid. Christian Faith vi. 47 In some [plants] the Flower puts out first, in most others it is last. 1754 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 4) II. at Kiggelaria In the Spring of the Year these Leaves fall off a little before the new Leaves put out. 1823 J. G. Percival Poems (new ed.) 225 The scarlet maple buds put out. 1923 Science 57 Suppl. p. xii/2 Both bloom before the leaves put out. 1972 Ruston (Louisiana) Daily Leader 27 Dec. 5/2 Cut your twig just before the leaves put out in the spring. b. transitive. Of a tree or plant: to send out (a root, bud, leaf, etc.). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth cast1340 burgeon1382 shoot1526 sprit1559 sprout1574 to put forth1592 to cast forth1611 to put out1614 emit1660 push1676 tiller1677 to throw out1733 to throw up1735 tillerate1762 flush1877 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit send971 stretchc1275 casta1300 sheda1325 manda1350 to throw outa1413 yielda1450 devoida1475 render1481 reflair1509 sup out1513 to give out1530 utter1536 spout1568 to give fortha1586 to let fly1590 to put out1614 eject1616 evacuate1622 ejaculate1625 emit1626 fling1637 outsend1647 exert1660 extramit1668 exclude1677 emane1708 extromita1711 evolve1772 emanate1797 discharge1833 exsert1835 to give off1840 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > develop growth or excrescence [verb (transitive)] knot1697 to put out1737 to put forth1740 1614 G. Markham 2nd Bk. Eng. Husbandman ii. iii. 62 The smooth, small, long Plants..haue put out hardly any branches. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §653 They forsake their first root, and put out another more towards the top of the earth. 1688 Bp. G. Burnet Three Lett. State of Italy 138 The Trees had not yet put out their Leaves. 1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxx. 442 If the Sore seem to put out fungous or spungy Flesh. 1763 J. Wheeler Botanist's & Gardener's New Dict. 8 The common horse-chestnut will be more than twice the size of the other, and frequently put out shoots below the graft. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 413 As soon as they have put out the rough leaf, they should be transplanted. 1856 Titan Mag. Aug. 161/2 Roses..too sickly to put out their flowers. 1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden ix. 80 The roses..might put out leaves and buds as the weather got warmer. 1973 K. Lines Greek Legends 42 Without her care the barley could not ripen, nor the flowers bloom, nor the trees put out new leaf in springtime. 2003 Times (Nexis) 21 June (Weekend) 7 The willow hurdles put out shoots, and the whole structure becomes stronger as the willow takes root. c. intransitive. Of a tree or plant: to bud; to blossom; to come into leaf. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth spriteOE wrideOE brodc1175 comea1225 spirec1325 chicka1400 sprouta1400 germin?1440 germ1483 chip?a1500 spurgea1500 to put forth1530 shootc1560 spear1570 stock1574 chit1601 breward1609 pullulate1618 ysproutc1620 egerminate1623 put1623 germinate1626 sprent1647 fruticate1657 stalk1666 tiller1677 breerc1700 fork1707 to put out1731 stool1770 sucker1802 stir1843 push1855 braird1865 fibre1869 flush1877 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Celtis It is none of the earliest Trees in putting out in the Spring of the Year. 1755 T. Hitt Treat. Fruit-trees 82 In some springs trees are more backward in putting out by near a month, than they are in others. 1806 P. Gass Jrnl. 17 June (1807) 227 The grass and plants here are just putting out. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 340 Early in May, the..trees, just putting out amidst the pine woods around the pond, imparted a brightness..to the landscape. 1953 Charleston (W. Virginia) Gaz. 26 Jan. 4/1 The willow is..the first to put out in the spring. 1994 H. F. Mosher Northern Borders v. 130 The maple trees were just putting out and the hills above Lost Nation Hollow were light gold with tiny new leaves. 13. intransitive. slang (originally U.S.). Chiefly of a woman: to offer or consent to sexual intercourse. Also with for. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [verb (intransitive)] > of woman: make herself available to turn up?1616 to put out1928 slut1946 tart1949 lay1955 1928 Our Army Nov. 19/1 Don't them laundry queens put out good enough to suit you? 1961 J. Heller Catch-22 xiii. 131 Aarfy..tried to dissuade them from ever putting out for anyone but their husbands. 1975 D. Lodge Changing Places vi. 232 If she won't put out the men will accuse her of being bourgeois and uptight. 2003 E. Noble Reading Group 205 I can't afford to waste a Saturday night here with some married bird who isn't putting out. 14. transitive. Of a mechanical or electrical device: to produce or generate (a particular level or amount of power). ΚΠ 1943 Science 11 June (Suppl.) 12/2 Pancake diesel engines..put out a horsepower for every four pounds of weight. 1948 Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram 12 Sept. (Southland Mag.) 14 (advt.) That's the car Mauri Rose won the Indianapolis Race with this year. Puts out 450 horsepower. 1982 N.Y. Rocker Jan. 26/2 It was a 23-knob mixer and an amplifier that was able to put out 1100 watts. 2000 Scootering 5 Mar. 30/1 Their 125 and 180cc..engines would put out the same power as their liquid cooled two-stroke counterparts. to put over 1. transitive. To defer, postpone; = to put off 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly North American.Frequently in legal contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] forslowc888 eldc897 forsita940 gele971 lengOE drilla1300 delayc1300 onfrestc1300 tarryc1320 jornc1330 dretchc1380 defer1382 forbida1387 to put offa1387 to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393 dilate1399 fordrawa1400 to put overc1410 latch?c1422 adjournc1425 prolongc1425 proloynec1425 rejournc1425 to put in respite1428 sleuthc1430 respitea1450 prorogue1453 refer1466 sleep1470 supersede1482 respectc1487 postpone1496 overseta1500 respett1500 enjourna1513 relong1523 retract1524 tarde1524 track1524 to fode forth1525 tract1527 protract1528 further1529 to make stay of1530 surcease1530 prorogate1534 to fay upon longc1540 linger1543 retard?1543 slake1544 procrastine1548 reprieve1548 remit1550 suspense1556 leave1559 shiftc1562 suspend1566 procrastinate1569 dally1574 post1577 to hold off1580 drift1584 loiter1589 postpose1598 to take one's (own) timea1602 flag1602 slug1605 elong1610 belay1613 demur1613 tardya1616 to hang up1623 frist1637 disjourn1642 future1642 off1642 waive1653 superannuate1655 perendinate1656 stave1664 detard1675 remora1686 to put back1718 withhold1726 protract1737 to keep over1847 to hold over1853 laten1860 to lay over1885 hold1891 back-burner1975 c1410 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 451 (MED) Ther þow hast deseruyd euerelastyngliche his wrathe and to be dampned for euere, he putteth-ouer his vengeaunce and..suffreth vs to amende owre defautes and punysscheth vs but a while. 1524 King Henry VIII in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. xiii. 28 By delaies the matier was alwaies tracked, and put over without any fruteful determination. 1618 J. Hales Let. 2 Dec. 14 in Golden Remains (1659) Both these questions were put over to the next Session. 1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 210 I heard last weeke the day was putt over till Wensday last. 1702 Three Questions Resolved 29 If the Presbytery be divided in their Opinions, the Question is, under an injoined silence, put over to the next Synod. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. To put over,..to defer; to postpone. The court put over the cause to the next term. 1871 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 55 If you can without fail issue the book on the 15th of May—putting the Sketch book over till another time. 1926 J. Black You can't Win xxii. 343 We went to court again the next day, but were put over twenty-four hours on the plea of the police that witnesses were on their way from Canada. 1978 H. Kemelman Thursday Rabbi walked Out (1979) xxx. 145 The only thing to do is to put it over for a week. 2006 Calgary (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 13 July 24 Dagenais remains in custody and the case was put over until tomorrow. 2. transitive. a. Falconry. Of a hawk: to pass (food) from the crop to the stomach. Also intransitive. Cf. endue v. 2a.Formerly also (occasionally) more generally: †to digest (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > actions of hawk, etc. mutea1475 mutessa1475 to put overa1475 feat1508 to check at the fista1529 feakc1575 souse1589 to clip it1616 embowel1618 unenterpen1647 gather1674 enterpen1736 scatter1771 the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (transitive)] > actions of hawks, etc. enterpena1475 rousea1475 mutea1529 to put over1575 souse1589 hawk1825 a1475 Dis. Hawk (Harl. 2340) f. 33^v, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Putten At þe nexte fedyng, take A grete morcell, alsomych as sche may put ouer..& lat hyr hete þat. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. a vij An hawke puttith ouer when she remeuith the mete from hir goorge in to hir bowillis. 1565 J. Hall Expositiue Table 81 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. Sodden egges are of harde concoction, of grosse nourishment, and are hardly put ouer. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 332 Sometimes..a Hawke cannot well indew nor put ouer hir meate. 1648 Bp. J. Hall Select Thoughts 150 Death did but taste of him, could not devour him, much less put him over. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. xi. 435 How to remedy that Hawk which endeweth not, nor putteth over as she should do. 1704 Dict. Rusticum at Enseams If she have put over her Meat, so as that there is nothing left in her Gorge, then give her warm Meat. 1908 D. C. Phillott in tr. Taymūr Mīrzā Bāz-nāma-yi Nāṣirī xxii. 107 By that time she would have ‘put over’ the whole of her food: nothing would remain in the crop. 1992 E. Ford Falconry: Art & Pract. ii. 23/2 After flying, the hawk should be returned to her perch to put over her crop in peace. †b. Scottish. To swallow, ‘get down’; to consume; (also) to make (something) easier to swallow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > [verb (transitive)] brookc950 abiteOE haveOE afangOE takec1175 notea1200 usec1300 spendc1380 consumec1400 partake1602 pree1680 discuss1751 tuck1784 to put down1795 to be (also go) at the ——1796 go1830 kill1833 to put away1839 down1852 to put over1880 to wrap (oneself) (a)round1880 shift1896 1880 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) at To Put owre ‘I canna put it owre;’ ‘Tak some milk to put owre your bite.’ 1895 A. G. Murdoch Sc. Readings III. 10 ‘Here, pit owre that,’ handing the well-filled china cup to her visitor. 1929 in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. IX. ii. 81 Whin dey hed pittin ower a' da whiskey, an' waar a' croos. 3. transitive. †a. To transfer (a right, property, etc.); to make over to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)] assign1297 bequeathc1305 alienc1400 analy1405 releasea1425 alienate?a1475 to make over1478 convey1495 transport1523 to put over1542 dispone?1548 design1573 pass1587 to set over1594 transfer1598 abalienate1646 attorn1649 demise1670 enure1736 to will away1773 divest1790 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 227 The thirde piece he putte ouer to Arius a burgoise of the same citee. 1632 H. Hawkins tr. J.-P. de la Serre Sweete Thoughts Death & Eternity 59 Laertius Neuola puts ouer the right of Maiority to his brother, and consequently his richest pretensions. a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 381 It were good he..paid his sister her £100 which he promised when I put over his land to him. 1653 D. Dickson Brief Explic. Other 50 Psalmes 226 Albeit people in covenant with God..be justly plagued by seeing holy ordinances put over in the hands of profane men for their cause. b. To refer (a matter) to a person for consideration, decision, etc. (formerly with other constructions); †to refer (a person) to an authority, source, etc. (obsolete). rare after 18th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > ask advice of or seek counsel from > refer (a matter, etc.) to a higher authority submitc1449 refer1469 defer1490 reject1533 to put over1573 revoke1599 consult1618 compromise1651 subcommit1652 relegate1846 1573 T. Cartwright Replye to Answere Whitgifte 28 I will put you ouer to the learned treatises of the godly newe wryters which doe refute this distinction. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 62 For the certaine knowledge of that truth, I put you o're to heauen, and to my mother. View more context for this quotation a1653 H. Binning Wks. (1842) 343 The matter is put over upon a mediator. 1714 C. Mather Perfect Recovery 30 I will put the Matter over into the Hands of a Preacher. 1792 J. Gutch tr. A. à Wood Hist. & Antiq. Univ. Oxf. I. 516 The King..put over the decision of the matter to the Archb. of Canterbury, [et al.]. 1979 Rep. Consumer Health Warnings Alcoholic Beverages (U.S. Congress & Senate Subcommittee Alcoholism & Drug Abuse) 73 Why do we not put it over to FDA, where they have expertise and let them do it. 4. a. transitive. To transport to the other side of a body of water. Cf. over adv. 5a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > across overcarrya1382 to set overc1540 to put over1569 to take over1573 traject1635 put1636 cross1804 to pass over1832 to get across1909 society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > sail across oversail?a1400 to put over1569 transfrete1595 transfretate1653 ply1700 passage1987 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander ii. iii. 48 When Eumenes see nyght drawe on, and the greate difficultie and hardenesse to put ouer the baggage, hee caused those that were already passed, to returne. c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 36 To give them a faire gale to putt them over to the maine. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 49 By swimming they put the horses over. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 154 So putting themselves over, he directed them to leave the Boat. 1868 E. Bennett Phantom of Forest xii. 161 If you will give us something more to eat, and then put us over, we will always think well of Methoto. 1904 J. C. Harris Tar-baby 28 Here de creek come a-risin'... ‘Brer Rabbit,’ sez de 'Gater,..‘Dis one time I'll put you over.’ 1919 J. Buchan Mr. Standfast viii. 153 In the mellow gloaming I strolled into the clachan and got a boat to put me over to the inn. 1985 A. R. Burn in I. Gershevitch Cambr. Hist. Iran II. vi. 293 The people, not daring to keep him, put him over to the neighbouring island of Lesbos. †b. intransitive. To sail or go across a body of water; to cross. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > travel across or beyond to come overeOE overfareOE overstridea1200 overgoc1225 to go over1415 cross1486 forpass1486 to make over1488 to put over1590 to make through1606 traject1711 1590 J. White Fifth Voy. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) 291 Not finding any of our consorts at y^e Matanças, we put ouer again to the cape of Florida. 1617 Abp. G. Abbot Briefe Descr. Worlde (ed. 4) sig. T3^v Cartagena, a citie in the maine Land, to which he put ouer. a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 391 He put over from thence to Phocaea. 1720 H. Cornwall Observ. Several Voy. India 4 I advise you to run nearest sixty Leagues by Account up the Æthiopia Side from Mount Felix before you put over. 1760 G. Walker Voy. & Cruises II. 168 In case they had been obliged to put over to the Morocco coast, he likewise gave further directions. 1854 Times 21 Apr. 8/3 They seemed as if they intended, as soon as it became possible, to put over to Revel. 5. transitive. Chiefly Scottish and Irish English (northern). To get over, get through, esp. to succeed in passing (time); to survive, make it through (a period of time). Also intransitive: to last out, survive; to get by, manage, ‘make it’. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restoration of a person > recovery from misfortune, error, etc. > [verb (transitive)] overcomea1225 recoverc1330 overputa1382 overpassa1387 passa1500 digest1577 to put over1593 outwear1598 overseta1600 to make a saving game of it1600 repassa1631 to get over ——1662 overgeta1729 overcast1788 overa1800 the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] overdoOE adreeOE wreaka1300 to draw forthc1300 dispend1340 pass1340 drivea1375 wastec1381 occupyc1384 overpassa1387 to pass over ——a1393 usec1400 spend1423 contrive?a1475 overdrive1487 consumea1500 to pass forth1509 to drive off1517 lead1523 to ride out1529 to wear out, forth1530 to pass away?1550 to put offc1550 shiftc1562 to tire out1563 wear1567 to drive out1570 entertainc1570 expire1589 tire1589 outwear1590 to see out1590 outrun1592 outgo1595 overshoot1597 to pass out1603 fleeta1616 elapse1654 term1654 trickle1657 to put over1679 absorb1686 spin1696 exercise1711 kill1728 to get through ——1748 to get over ——1751 tickc1870 fill1875 1593 Passionate Morrice sig. F Which bad beginning was carelesly put ouer with the conceiued ioy of his presence. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 14945 But ydilnes for till put ouir the dais. 1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. iii. 345 To engage him in discourse, and so put over the time, and make him forget his pain. 1712 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1841) I. 217 I have put over some of my weary hours in this place..by writing and publishing some thoughts. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. vi. 104 Ye'll be wanting eilding now, or something to pitt ower the winter. 1823 J. Wilson Trials Margaret Lyndsay iv. 29 The stranger offered..money; but she..said they could all put over very well till their father was set free. 1851 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling ii. iv. 176 There..he might put over the rigorous period of this present year. 1880 W. Robbie Heir of Glendornie xvii. 151 I never thocht I wid hae pitten ower the nicht. 1896 M. Hamilton Across Ulster Bog 10 The doctor has very bad behopes he'll put over the winter. 1920 D. H. Edwards Muirside 228 I'm unco busy the nicht, but if ye could pit ower till Monday I'll make you sure o't syne. 2007 community.livejournal.com 31 Jan. (O.E.D. archive) Ye've murdered men wha ainly did whit they had tae in order tae pit ower. 2020 I. Howat in Lallans 97 16 Quate vices Telt o thaim is pit ower the waur Jist tae dee in hame watters. †6. transitive. colloquial. To knock over or down. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. Geoffry Hamlyn III. iv. 87 I've put over a parrot at twenty yards with it [sc. a pistol]. 7. transitive. a. Baseball. = to put across 1 at Phrasal verbs 1. Frequently in to put it over. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of pitcher pitch1848 curve1877 to put over1891 scatter1892 save1899 to put across1903 walk1905 fan1909 plunk1909 southpaw1911 whiff1914 sidearm1921 sidearm1922 outpitch1928 blow1938 hang1967 wild pitch1970 1887 Daily News (Frederick, Maryland) 30 Aug. Driscoll was afraid to put the ball over the plate. Whenever it came in reach the Westminster boys had to ‘chase leather’.] 1891 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 25 Apr. 7/2 Rusie put the ball over and Long hit it out. 1897 Chicago Tribune 11 June 6/3 They wouldn't swing at all sorts of pitches and made the Duquesne twirler ‘put it over’. 1909 Washington Post 23 Aug. 4/3 Johnson started to pass Cobb... Then he put one over, to which the batter, of course, paid no attention. 1985 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 30 Apr. b5/6 When their pitcher put the ball over, we didn't hit it. 2001 G. D'Amato in J. Canfield et al. Chicken Soup for Baseball Fan's Soul iii. 131 Just put it over. He ain't gonna swing. b. colloquial (originally U.S.). (a) to put one over (also to put it over): to inflict a defeat or gain an advantage on a person; to get the better of someone. Cf. to put it all over at Phrases 11. ΚΠ 1901 National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 9 Mar. 10/4 He gave me a bloody good hiding at Jacksonville; but at that I think I could put one over on him the next time we meet. 1907 Washington Post 3 Nov. 16/4 Spoiled Greeley's scoop. Newspaper man tells how he put one over on editor. 1958 People 4 May 8/3 I cannot see her letting any of the Italian or French sex~pots put one over on her. 1972 P. G. Wodehouse Pearls, Girls, & Monty Bodkin x. 150 You can't do the dirty on a business competitor just to stop him from putting it over on you in a business deal. 1995 Independent 13 Oct. 19/1 He is now the senior former prime minister, putting one over on Baroness Thatcher. (b) To perpetrate (a deception or hoax) on a person; to achieve by deceit. Chiefly as to put one over. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of undergoa1325 circumvene1526 crossbitec1555 circumvent1564 gleek1577 outreach1579 fob1583 overreach1594 fub1600 encompassa1616 out-craftya1616 out-knave1648 mump1649 jockey1708 come1721 nail1735 slew1813 Jew1825 to sew up1837 to play (it) low down (on)1864 outfox1872 beat1873 outcraft1879 to get a beat on1889 old soldier1892 to put one over1905 to get one over on1912 to get one over1921 outsmart1926 shaft1959 1905 Chicago Tribune 19 June 2/5 Anson fools the police... ‘I put one over on the umpires that time,’ he said gleefully. 1912 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily News 5 Apr. 1/2 He declares that the public service corporations of this city are trying to put one over on us by secretly working for the commission charter. 1924 W. M. Raine Troubled Waters xix. 209 What are you trying to put over on me? Why don't you go to Mac and ask him? 1928 A. S. W. Rosenbach Books & Bidders 117 One of the greatest hoaxes ever planned was put over by a French forger. 1976 Church Times 30 July 7/2 She may have been fleeced in Florence, robbed in Ravenna, grossly overcharged in Ostia..; but Baedeker at least has not tried to put one over on her. 2000 J. Goodwin Danny Boy xi. 234 Bollocks, mate. Carl's puttin one over on you to get his stringy corpse on the telly. 8. transitive. To present convincingly or effectively; to communicate, convey. Cf. to put across 3 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > communication > [verb (transitive)] > successfully to put over1908 to put across1910 the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)] > by assertion tella1275 assurea1535 over-talk1605 to talk over1734 to put over1908 to put across1910 1908 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Tribune 14 Nov. 9/4 The burnt cork artist..put over a fair turn. His coon dialect was somewhat labored but acceptable. 1928 Weekly Disp. 24 June 8/4 Mr Hayes's humour is not at all easy to ‘put over’, mechanically [sc. on gramophone records]. 1966 Listener 17 Mar. 380/2 I did not know how to select what I wanted to do or really put over emotion. 1978 D. Murphy Place Apart iii. 59 They agreed with his anti-ecumenism..but they didn't like the way he put it over. 2006 Halifax Courier (Nexis) 15 Nov. Even though he is not the best singer in the business at least he puts over the songs with feeling. to put through 1. transitive. Originally U.S. a. To help or cause to pass through a process; to bring to a conclusion; to carry through (successfully).With quot. 1908, cf. sense 21b(c). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > successfully floor1852 to put through1888 to bring off1928 1847 Knickerbocker Dec. 563 ‘Elder,’ says I, ‘I've come down to have you put me through.’ 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxxi. 173 I used to, when I fust begun, have considerable trouble fussin' with 'em and trying to make 'em hold out... Now, you see, I just put 'em straight through, sick or well. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xliv. 163 Becoming accomplices in the jobs or ‘steals’ which these members were ‘putting through’. 1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxx. 338 I'd love to be a teacher. But..Mr. Andrews says it cost him one hundred and fifty dollars to put Prissy through. 1929 T. H. Burnham Engin. Econ. xv. 199 Rush orders are difficult to put through, even in well-organized works. 1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 54 Put through a second lot of tailings, but not from the same place. 1995 Church Times 3 Mar. 7/2 The Declaration..comes before the Governing Body of the Church in Wales..in April, and the Welsh bishops plan to put it through by an accelerated procedure in September. b. colloquial. = to put (a person) through it at Phrases 8. Now rare. ΚΠ 1853 J. G. Baldwin Flush Times Alabama & Mississippi 26 Many a witness..‘slunk his pitch mightily’ when old Kasm put him through on the cross-examination. 1866 Secret Hist. Votary of Pleasure 63 Let's ‘sweat’ him; let's ‘put him through’; let's make him ‘shell out’ some of his extra cash to you. 1872 G. P. Burnham Mem. U.S. Secret Service p. vii Put 'em through, subjecting persons to a thorough searching ordeal. 1935 H. R. Driggs Pony Express goes Through 109 Then I put him through pretty hard to make the close schedule they had set for us. Well, we made it all right, but it cost the life of that horse. 2. transitive. To connect (a telephone caller) to another via an exchange or operator; to divert or connect to a particular location. Also: to make or connect (a telephone call). ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > communicate with by telephone [verb (transitive)] > methods or procedures to put through1880 multiple1906 place1907 offer1950 switch1971 to camp on1977 1880 Times 23 Dec. 8/6 A gentleman desiring to communicate with his place of business from which he is some short distance away steps into one of these shops, and for a small sum can be ‘put through’ to his own office. 1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 86 Ask to be put through to the inquiry office. 1928 D. L. Sayers Unpleasantness at Bellona Club viii. 59 That phone-call you asked me to trace..was put through..from a public call-box. 1949 A. Christie Crooked House xvii. 139 He lifted the receiver—listened and then said: ‘Put her through.’ 1974 ‘M. Innes’ Appleby's Other Story vii. 55 He put through a 999 call to the police. 2002 Big Issue 17 June 13/1 I call the Woolwich and explain the situation. The main office puts me through to customer care. to put to †1. transitive. To add (to what is already present, has already been done or said, etc.). Also intransitive. Cf. sense 30a. Obsolete (archaic and rare after 17th cent.). ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xx. 10 Amasa waitide not weel þe knijf þat Joab hadde, þe whiche smoot hym in þe sijde..ne þe secounde wounde he putte to [a1425 L.V. addide; L. apposuit]. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Matt. vi. 27 Who of ȝou thenkinge may putte to [L. adjicere] to his stature oo cubite? a1402 J. Trevisa tr. Dialogus Militem et Clericum (Harl.) 36 (MED) Þe kyng..may putt to priuyleges & lawes, & wiþdrawe & chaunge & redresse euereche þat erreþ. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 431 And þere were put to [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. added] with ham þe drye rootes of lilye..of yreos, of aaron. a1500 R. Roos tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy 500 I may not put to, nor take away. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. xvi. sig. m.vi ^v Over the .x. commaundementes of god..holy chirche hath put to fyue. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iv. xxii. 71 Pulling away some, putting to other some. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Nn4^v When hee commeth to a particular, he shall haue nothing to doe, but to put too Names, and, times, and places. View more context for this quotation 1638 A. Cant Serm. 13 June (1741) 22 It is not little that will awaken sleeping sinners, therefore he puts to an oyes. 1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta II. v. 135 The village Sheykh Sâlih..put-to his word that Aly had reason! 2. transitive. †a. To attach, affix (a seal or signature) to a document, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > attach as writing to put to1396 to set toa1400 putc1436 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)] fastenOE fasta1225 tachec1315 to-seta1340 catcha1350 affichea1382 to put ona1382 tacka1387 to put to1396 adjoina1400 attach?a1400 bend1399 spyndec1400 to-tachc1400 affixc1448 complexc1470 setc1480 attouch1483 found?1541 obligate1547 patch1549 alligate1563 dight1572 inyoke1595 infixa1616 wreathe1643 adlige1650 adhibit1651 oblige1656 adent1658 to bring to1681 engage1766 superfix1766 to lap on1867 accrete1870 society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > seal [verb (transitive)] > affix seal to put1379 to put to1396 fix1569 1396 in Sc. Antiq. 14 218 To the part of this indentoure remaynand with the forsaid Scher Jone the sele of the sayd earle is put to. 1416 in T. Madox Formulare Anglicanum (1702) 16 (MED) Wee..have to these Vewes afore writton putto our sealles. c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 8 (MED) To this present wrytyng, my sele I haue put to. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 145 Both partyes maade hit stronge by puttyng to þere seelys, euerych to oþer. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxxi^v In wytnes whereof y^e partyes beforesayd interchaungeably haue put to theyr seales. 1552–3 Inventory Church Goods in Ann. Diocese Lichfield (1863) IV. 2 In wittenes wherof..we..to thes presents interchaungeabli have putto our handes. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 3 Kings vii. 36 They semed not to be engrauen, but put to round about. 1693 J. Tyrrell Bibliotheca Politica (1694) vii. 473 Only I shall take notice of the date of this Letter, to which the King also put to his Seal. †b. To introduce (a male animal) to a female animal for breeding. Cf. sense 11e. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > rear animals [verb (transitive)] > breed > put to for breeding put?1523 to put to?1523 match1530 matea1593 submit1697 couple1721 breed1886 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xx Euery man may nat put to there rammes all at one tyme. c. To harness (a horse, etc.) to a vehicle; (occasionally) to attach (a locomotive) to a train. Also intransitive. Cf. sense 11f and to put in 1b(b) at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [verb (transitive)] > tack or harness harness13.. putc1550 to put in1709 tackle1714 to put to1732 reharness1775 crupper1787 crup1880 tack1946 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [verb (transitive)] > yoke (a horse, cart, or carriage) join1377 couple1393 bind1535 to put in1709 to put to1732 to hook up1825 inspan1834 society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [verb (transitive)] > provide locomotive for > attach locomotive to put to1862 1732 R. Gwinnett et al. Pylades & Corinna II. vii. 25 But the Horses are put to, and I shall lose my Breakfast if I write any more. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 103 I..bid him..get the horses put to. 1816 J. Austen Emma II. viii. 165 You know how impossible my father would deem it that James should put-to for such a purpose. View more context for this quotation 1841 E. Bulwer-Lytton Night & Morning i. i Tell the post-boy to put-to the horses immediately. 1862 Temple Bar 5 142 A Scotch engine was being put to at Berwick. 1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman xx. 301 When he was bidden, put-to the greys he..made all haste to obey the order. 1988 Carriage Driving June 47/4 Peter Munt's gelderlanders will take the coach from Merstham to the Chequers at Horley, where Lex Ruddiman's grey Hungarians will be put to. 1997 Your Horse Nov. 127/3 When ready to put-to (put the horse in the carriage), put on the bridle. 3. a. transitive. To exert, apply; to bring to bear, put forth. Frequently (now only) in to put to one's hand (also hands): to lend a hand; to set to work, fall to; (Scottish) to help oneself (to food, etc.). Now rare (chiefly Scottish in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > cause to operate [verb (transitive)] > put in effective operation yieldc1315 underbear1382 to put forthc1390 showa1398 apply?c1400 to put outc1400 exercisec1405 to put toc1410 employ?1473 enforce1490 exerce1535 adhibit?1538 addict1562 endeavour?1575 work1591 address1598 to give stream to?1611 to lay out1651 exsert1665 exert1682 the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] underfoc893 fandOE onfangOE undernimc1000 takec1175 to take tillc1175 to take toa1250 underfongc1330 undertakea1340 to take in (also on) handa1350 undertakec1385 attamec1386 to take in (also on) handc1390 embrace1393 emprisec1410 to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410 to go upon ——c1450 enterprise?1473 to set (one's) hand to1477 go?a1500 accept1524 assume1530 to hent in (also upon) handc1540 to swallow up1544 to take to task1546 to go into ——?1548 to set in hand1548 to fare about1563 entertain1569 undergo1606 to set about ——1611 to take up1660 to come at ——1901 the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] beginc1000 onginOE aginOE ginc1175 to go tillc1175 to take onc1175 comsea1225 fanga1225 to go toc1275 i-ginc1275 commencec1320 to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400 to lay to one's hand(sc1405 to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410 to set toc1425 standa1450 to make to1563 to fall to it1570 to start out1574 to fall to1577 to run upon ——1581 to break off1591 start1607 to set in1608 to set to one's hands1611 to put toa1616 to fall ona1625 in1633 to fall aboard1642 auspicatea1670 to set out1693 to enter (into) the fray1698 open1708 to start in1737 inchoate1767 to set off1774 go1780 start1785 to on with1843 to kick off1857 to start in on1859 to steam up1860 to push off1909 to cut loose1923 to get (also put) the show on the road1941 to get one's arse in gear1948 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] help?c1225 to shove at the cart1421 supply1446 assist?1518 to lend a hand (or a helping hand)1598 to hold handc1600 to put to one's hand (also hands)1603 seconda1609 subminister1611 to give (lend) a lift1622 to lay (a) hand1634 to give a hand1682 to bear a hand1710 to chip in1872 c1410 tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 153 He..prayed to the pope þat, in þe emperoures stede and wiþ þe emperours costage, he wolde putte to [L. apponat] his handes. a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Gen. xix. 10 The men putten to hoonde, and brouȝten into hem Loth. 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 22 Preamb. Endevoir youre self and put to your hand and spare no cost. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 70 (MED) Ye must put to grete besynesse to take the Duke. 1537 J. Whalley Let. 4 Feb. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/8/55) f. 76 The beste lerned men in Englond hathe putto theyre handes. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 134 Putting to their diligence and industrie. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1115 Whereunto also Clement..put to his helping hand. a1625 J. Fletcher & J. Shirley Night-walker (1640) ii. sig. D2^v Put to your strength and make as little noise. 1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 173 That so all Parties concerned may put to their fires at the same time. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles xiv. 134 We must not rest on the sabbath-day, if a Work of Necessity or Charity calls us to put to our hands. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess ii. 86 Among us a' a ravell'd hesp ye've made, Sae now, put too your hand, an help to red. 1801 W. Beattie Fruits Time Parings 8 Come, Mains, will ye put too yer hand. 1861 T. S. Muir Characteristics Old Church Archit. Scotl. 134 If you but put to your hand to do a few odd jobs for your own behoof, eschew vulgar airs, and feel full of your object. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxviii. 33 People think of the government as a great machine which will go on, whether they put their hand to or not. 1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. vii. 125 ‘All I want is to learn my work, and put to my hand.’ ‘To make your fortune?’ said Miss Jean. 1952 in Sc. National Dict. (1960) V. 28/1 Jist pit tee yer han', dinna weyt t' be prigget. †b. intransitive. To set to work. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] beginc1000 onginOE aginOE ginc1175 to go tillc1175 to take onc1175 comsea1225 fanga1225 to go toc1275 i-ginc1275 commencec1320 to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400 to lay to one's hand(sc1405 to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410 to set toc1425 standa1450 to make to1563 to fall to it1570 to start out1574 to fall to1577 to run upon ——1581 to break off1591 start1607 to set in1608 to set to one's hands1611 to put toa1616 to fall ona1625 in1633 to fall aboard1642 auspicatea1670 to set out1693 to enter (into) the fray1698 open1708 to start in1737 inchoate1767 to set off1774 go1780 start1785 to on with1843 to kick off1857 to start in on1859 to steam up1860 to push off1909 to cut loose1923 to get (also put) the show on the road1941 to get one's arse in gear1948 a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 279 My Wife..deserues a Name As ranke as any Flax-Wench, that puts to Before her troth-plight. View more context for this quotation 4. transitive. To pull or push to (a door, etc.) into a position where it is shut or nearly shut. See to adv. 4. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) shutc1000 steek?c1225 makec1300 speara1325 yark toc1400 to shut toc1450 to put toa1500 warpc1540 enclose1563 to pull to1673 dub1753 a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 82 (MED) Anon he put to [v.r. shitte] the dore ayen with all his myght. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iii. 23 Ehud gat him out at the backe dore, & put to [1611 shut] y^e dore after him, and lockte it. 1582 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1882) IV. 253 The dur wes nocht lokkit bot onelie putt to and slottit. a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C2/1 Put to the doores a while there. 1637 S. Rutherford Let. 16 Feb. (1848) xcix. 187 Alas, that my Father hath put to the door on my poor harlot-mother! 1723 in H. Paton Minnigaff Parish Rec. (1939) 431 [She] owns she put to the door; denyes that her husband wrestled to keep it open. 1775 R. Cumberland Choleric Man v. iii. 85 I'll put the shutters to. 1828 Examiner 588/1 Shut the door and put to the window shutters. 1859 S. Smith My Thirty Years out of Senate lix. 301 He turned round and put the door to, and begun to speak in a little lower tone. a1878 C. J. Mathews Patter versus Clatter (1881) ii. 13 She put to the shutters, and bolted the door. 1931 H. W. Duncan in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. 148/1 Hinmist in pits tee the door. 1954 ‘F. Marton’ Mrs. Betsey i. 183 The footman touched his hat and stepped back. The woman put the door to. 2007 20six.co.uk 2 Feb. (O.E.D. archive) He came in without knocking. ‘Hi Lena,’ he said as he put the door to. 5. transitive (in passive). To be placed in difficulty or hardship; to find it difficult or awkward to do something. Now chiefly in to be hard put to: = to be hard put to it at Phrases 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > have difficulty to be hard put to1631 to have a job1832 1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian vi. 90 Hope I had, with such two noble Greekes, (Though hard put-to, as I) to finde some ease. 1693 T. Shadwell Volunteers iii. i. 28 There's one thing [sc. ice] we shall be miserably put to for, have you no way to come at it. 1694 T. Taylor tr. N. Malebranche Treat. Search after Truth ii. 184 A thing which the greatest Divines are hard put to, to explain. 1791 J. Woodforde Diary 8 Aug. (1927) III. 291 We were rather put to for a Dinner in so short a time. 1803 Pic Nic No. 6. 6 He is,..like myself, hard put to at times for a little money. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge I. iv. 54 We must needs be put-to for want of a wholesome crust. 1924 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 111 204/1 The production would reach almost unbelievable figures and the world would be hard put to for fuel. 1961 Times 18 Oct. 15/4 They..are the product of the world at large and would be hard put to to enunciate a consistent moral philosophy. 2000 J. S. Jones Welsh Boys Too 34 Gethin was hard put to to detect an ill-formed mutation or a confused gender; Mr Bateman spoke better Welsh than many native speakers. 6. intransitive. Nautical. To put in to the shore, to make landfall; to take shelter inshore. Cf. sense 9c. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (intransitive)] > take or be forced into shelter cove1631 to put to1801 1801 P. Buckner Diary 17 Mar. in William & Mary Q. (1926) 6 185 The wind rose & we put to at about 7 o'clock & stayed untill about 9 o'clock, then put off. a1844 F. Baily Jrnl. Tour N. Amer. (1856) 195 We pushed off..and after going about twenty miles, were obliged to put-to on account of the wind. 1947 A. B. Guthrie Big Sky xvii. 129 Jourdonnais put to on the point of land between the rivers. to put together 1. transitive. To bring into proximity, or into contact; to place side by side; to juxtapose.In quot. a1382: spec. to place together for the purpose of comparison, to compare.to put their heads together: see head n.¹ Phrases 2e(a). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (transitive)] evenOE comparisonc1374 measurea1382 remenec1390 compare1509 confer?1531 to lay togethera1568 lay1577 paragona1586 paragonize1589 set1589 sympathize1600 confront1604 to name on (also in) the same day1609 collate1612 to lay down by1614 sampler1628 to set together1628 matcha1649 run1650 vie1685 to put together1690 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job xxviii. 19 Wisdam forsoþe is drawyn of hidde thingis, ne þer shal ben maad euene to it topasie of ethiope, ne to þe moste cleene steynynge shal ben put togidere [v.r. shal be comparisound; a1425 L.V. schulen be had..in comparisoun; L. componetur]. a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxiv. 4 Tak to a beest moost fat; Put [a1425 L.V. gadere] togidre [L. Congere] the gobetis of it. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 417 Put to-geder, but not onyd, contiguus. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xiii [He] put to gyder grete habondance of straws..and kyndeled it with fyre. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 686/2 If a fire that hath but little woode, wax out, wee put the brandes together, and blowe it, that it may burne. 1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xiii. 82 All which reasons..being put together, as of themselues, theie proue [etc.]. 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. sig. C3 That you marking as well as I, we may put both our markes togither, when they are gone, and confer of them. 1669 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 4 902 When I transplant Melons from the Nursery-bed, I put commonly two roots together. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. ii. 9 Upon the first Occasion, that shall make him put together those Idea's in his Mind, and observe whether they agree or disagree. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Clear Starching The two Selvages put together, then the Ends together, and wash it the Way the Selvage goes, to prevent the Fraying. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 590 Otherwise the door, when put together, will be out of truth. 1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xvii. 124 I will put a few things together. 1911 F. M. Farmer Catering for Special Occasions ii. 32 Spread with pimiento butter, put together in pairs, and arrange on a fancy plate covered with a doily. 1990 Paris Rev. Fall 155 The books are episodic, aren't they? Almost as if you had put together a string of short stories. 2. transitive. a. To combine or bring together (parts or elements) to make a whole or unity. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct workOE dighta1175 to set upc1275 graitha1300 formc1300 pitchc1330 compoundc1374 to put togethera1387 performc1395 bigc1400 elementc1400 complexion1413 erect1417 framea1450 edifya1464 compose1481 construe1490 to lay together1530 perstruct1547 to piece together1572 condite1578 conflate1583 compile1590 to put together1591 to set together1603 draw1604 build1605 fabric1623 complicate1624 composit1640 constitute1646 compaginate1648 upa1658 complex1659 construct1663 structurate1664 structure1664 confect1677 to put up1699 rig1754 effect1791 structuralize1913 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > marry [verb (transitive)] > join in marriage wedOE join1297 spousec1325 bind1330 couplea1340 to put togethera1387 conjoin1447 accouple1548 matea1593 solemnize1592 espouse1599 faggot1607 noose1664 to give (also conjoin, join, take) in (also to, into) marriage1700 rivet1700 to tie the knot1718 buckle1724 unite1728 tack1732 wedlock1737 marry1749 splice1751 to turn off1759 to tie up1894 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > combine [verb (transitive)] compoundc1384 combind1477 consolidate1511 combinea1535 conjoin1554 consociate1566 associate1578 mingle1587 symbolize1590 compack1605 cojoina1616 to run into ——1640 to put together1651 amalgamate1802 integrate1802 conferruminate1826 amalgam1827 synthetize1828 synthesize1830 portmanteau1902 team1939 synchronize1973 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 3 Solempne and wise writeres of arte and of science..be worthy to be hiȝeliche..i-preysed, as þey it were putting and medlynge to gidre [?a1475 anon. tr. makenge a commixtion of; L. commiscentes] profiȝtes and swetnes. 1520 in W. Fraser Chiefs of Grant (1883) III. 64 To caus thame be handfast and put togiddir..for mariage to be completit. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 671/2 Sythe they be ones put togyther by the lawes of holy churche, I wyll never put them asonder. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xiii. sig. G.iv^v Clowtyd crayme and rawe crayme put togyther. 1620 Swetnam Arraigned by Women iv. iii. sig. K4^v Lor. Be pleas'd to ioyne these Louers hands Into sacred nuptiall bands. Sfor. Nothing but put vm both together, Sir. 1651 H. More Second Lash of Alazanomastix in Enthusiasmus Triumphatus (1656) 218 It is you that have put things together so ill-favouredly. 1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 217 Customary or Figurative Syntax is that which is used in the Forms of Speech..wherein Words are put together according to a Metaphorical or borrowed Sense. 1783 R. Cumberland Mysterious Husband 43 He said he'd tell the plot to Dormer, make them both desperately in love afresh, and put them together. 1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. viii. 218 The milk and the fat pot-liquor and meal are, when put together, called, in Long-Island, swill. 1886 H. James Bostonians I. v. 54 I have no self-possession; no eloquence; I can't put three words together. 1909 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 659/2 Work in connection with the other Zeppelin air-ships is so far advanced that as soon as the halls..are ready it will only be necessary to put the parts together. 1953 S. K. Langer Introd. Symbolic Logic (ed. 2) i. 32 In every proposition and every inference there is..a certain form, a way in which the constituents of the proposition or inference are put together. 1994 J. Farman Suspiciously Simple Hist. Sci. & Invention (new ed.) vi. 104 A Frenchman called Dumas had this weird idea of cutting up maps into little pieces and then putting them together again. †b. reflexive. Of people: to join together; to combine, unite. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (reflexive)] join13.. fellowshipa1382 adjoin1533 to put together1556 piece1579 sort1579 mixture1582 troopa1592 consort1597 identify1718 associate1881 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. Q2 The quene and the ladies put them againe to gether for to geue vnto Affranio a verrey bitter sopper. 1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges f. 21^v The persons which first put them selues together in the Vniuersitie of Duay the yere 1568, yelding to Collegial forme of studie and discipline vnder one President. 1678 tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civil Wars France xv. 706 It was for the most part composed of ships and men that were Voluntiers, who had put themselves together under the conduct of the Earl, to make prize upon the Coasts of Spain. c. To make or form (a whole) by the combination of parts or elements; to construct, compile, compose. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct workOE dighta1175 to set upc1275 graitha1300 formc1300 pitchc1330 compoundc1374 to put togethera1387 performc1395 bigc1400 elementc1400 complexion1413 erect1417 framea1450 edifya1464 compose1481 construe1490 to lay together1530 perstruct1547 to piece together1572 condite1578 conflate1583 compile1590 to put together1591 to set together1603 draw1604 build1605 fabric1623 complicate1624 composit1640 constitute1646 compaginate1648 upa1658 complex1659 construct1663 structurate1664 structure1664 confect1677 to put up1699 rig1754 effect1791 structuralize1913 society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > a compilation > compile (a work) [verb (transitive)] compilea1387 quilt1605 to put together1862 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 276 Ringes of yron..are fastened vppon the extreame partes of the poyntes or corners of euerie peece of the bridge, and for euerie peece foure Ringes, one at euery corner, which beeing prepared, the bridge may be put together entyre and whole. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 18 Our mind putteth the whole figure out of those visible parts together. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 108/1 Trussing a Barrel, is putting it together from Boards or Staves within a Hoop. 1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 82 Three fourths of the white wine drank in this kingdom are compositions put together here. 1825 New Monthly Mag. 15 212/2 This figure can be taken to pieces and put together with the greatest ease. 1862 Temple Bar 6 404 I put together some account of a series of incidents. 1902 J. Conrad Typhoon i. 4 It was..as impossible for him to take a flight of fancy as it would be for a watch-maker to put together a chronometer with nothing except a two-pound hammer and a whip-saw. 1942 W. Booth In Darkest Eng. ii. ii. 122 It is like the puzzle maps of children. When you are putting one together, you suddenly come upon some awkward piece that will not fit in. 1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. 29/2 The Mexican authorities have put together a protection plan for tourists including special safe corridors for travel in and around the capital city. 3. transitive. To consider as a whole or at the same time; to add or combine conceptually. Frequently as past participle. to put this (also that) and that together: to draw a conclusion after consideration of two or more facts or circumstances (obsolete). Cf. also to put two and two together at two n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > combine [verb (transitive)] > mentally to put together1566 1566 N. Sanders Supper of Our Lord (new ed.) ii. f. 86 If we put this together, I require no more, but that he be an honest man, who shall construe the place of Cyrillus. 1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word 117 And therefore all this put together doth make it more then Turkish impietie to put in print such infamous stuffe agaynst the Maiestie of so high a prince by name. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 195 All this put together..was nothing, being compared with her retirednesse of life. 1683 W. Charleton Three Anat. Lect. 24 All the veins of a Sanguineous Animal taken together, are larger or more capacious..than all the Arteries put together. 1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. 405 Put that and that together. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. i. 4 All these things put together, excited their curiosity. 1837 W. Tayler Diary 10 May (1962) 33 There is considered to be as many advertisements in that [sc. TheTimes] as there is in all the rest of the papers put together. 1854 T. Taylor & C. Reade Two Loves & Life i. 3 One expects the young Pretender; one hears a noise, one naturally puts this and that together. 1909 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 1 Oct. 13/1 The enemies of Paul put this and that together, drew certain inferences, came to certain conclusions, and the mob was the result. 1933 E. A. Powell Slanting Lines of Steel x. 150 The little yellow card..was the equivalent of Aladdin's lamp and the magic carpet put together so far as seeing the war was concerned. 1957 F. Hoyle Black Cloud (1960) 101 I planned that Nortonstowe would be able to handle at least a hundred times as much as all other transmitters on the Earth put together. 2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xix. 463 Putting all such thoughts together, some primatologists..now conclude that the earliest primates must be at least 30 per cent older than the oldest known fossils. 4. transitive. Cricket. Of a batter or pair of batters: to accumulate, score (a number of runs). ΚΠ 1866 Times 10 Aug. 5/4 The latter got his runs well and soon put together 17. 1890 Field 31 May 784/3 Webbe and O'Brien..put together thirty-nine runs for the third wicket. 1900 P. F. Warner Cricket in Many Climes 90 Mead put together 86 without a mistake. 1968 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 9 Feb. 1/3 They put together 49 when Boycott played on from Hall. 1992 Daily Express 8 June 51/1 They put together a partnership of 93 at four an over. 5. transitive. To establish favourable circumstances for the conclusion of (a financial arrangement or deal); to conclude (a deal). ΚΠ 1956 Tri-City Herald (Washington) 16 May 1/1 Zoning of vineyard land to ‘commercial’..should help put a deal together whereby the City will get access to land on which to extend First Avenue. 1970 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald Jrnl. 15 Dec. 21/1 One American company..is trying to put together a deal adding up to as much as a billion dollars in investment. 1989 L. Deighton Spy Line xiii. 187 Werner had made a lot of money from..putting together import and export deals so that the DDR didn't have to part with hard currency. 2003 Amer. Econ. Rev. 93 17/2 The IMF worked closely with the principal creditors, the banks, and the debtor countries to put together financing packages. to put under †1. transitive. To defeat, vanquish, overcome; to subdue; to put down, oppress. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat shendc893 overwinOE overheaveOE mate?c1225 to say checkmatea1346 vanquishc1366 stightlea1375 outrayc1390 to put undera1393 forbeat1393 to shave (a person's) beardc1412 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 adawc1440 supprisec1440 to knock downc1450 to put to the worsta1475 waurc1475 convanquish1483 to put out1485 trima1529 convince1548 foil1548 whip1571 evict1596 superate1598 reduce1605 convict1607 defail1608 cast1610 banga1616 evince1620 worst1646 conquer1655 cuffa1657 trounce1657 to ride down1670 outdo1677 routa1704 lurcha1716 fling1790 bowl1793 lick1800 beat1801 mill1810 to row (someone) up Salt River1828 defeat1830 sack1830 skunk1832 whop1836 pip1838 throw1850 to clean out1858 take1864 wallop1865 to sock it to1877 whack1877 to clean up1888 to beat out1893 to see off1919 to lower the boom on1920 tonk1926 clobber1944 ace1950 to run into the ground1955 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 99 (MED) Bot love is of so gret a main, That..Ther mai nothing his miht withstonde..Virgile also was overlad, And Aristotle was put under. c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 299 (MED) Prayere..dystruyes syne and puttes it vndire. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 158 (MED) The counte of Langdok, whanne it was takyn and put vndir by Kyng Iohn, chaungid their goodly array. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 701 Till eyther he had lost his awne naturall lyfe, or vtterly..put vnder hys foes. 1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) 2667 in Wks. (1931) II. 255 Throch laws consistoriall... The common peopill ar put sa vnder. 2. transitive. colloquial. To bury (a person); (also) to kill. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)] swevec725 quelmeOE slayc893 quelleOE of-falleOE ofslayeOE aquellc950 ayeteeOE spillc950 beliveOE to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE fordoa1000 forfarea1000 asweveOE drepeOE forleseOE martyrOE to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE bringc1175 off-quellc1175 quenchc1175 forswelta1225 adeadc1225 to bring of daysc1225 to do to deathc1225 to draw (a person) to deathc1225 murder?c1225 aslayc1275 forferec1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 martyrc1300 strangle1303 destroya1325 misdoa1325 killc1330 tailc1330 to take the life of (also fro)c1330 enda1340 to kill to (into, unto) death1362 brittena1375 deadc1374 to ding to deathc1380 mortifya1382 perisha1387 to dight to death1393 colea1400 fella1400 kill out (away, down, up)a1400 to slay up or downa1400 swelta1400 voida1400 deliverc1400 starvec1425 jugylc1440 morta1450 to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480 to put offc1485 to-slaya1500 to make away with1502 to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503 rida1513 to put downa1525 to hang out of the way1528 dispatch?1529 strikea1535 occidea1538 to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540 to fling to deathc1540 extinct1548 to make out of the way1551 to fet offa1556 to cut offc1565 to make away?1566 occise1575 spoil1578 senda1586 to put away1588 exanimate1593 unmortalize1593 speed1594 unlive1594 execute1597 dislive1598 extinguish1598 to lay along1599 to make hence1605 conclude1606 kill off1607 disanimate1609 feeze1609 to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611 to kill dead1615 transporta1616 spatch1616 to take off1619 mactate1623 to make meat of1632 to turn up1642 inanimate1647 pop1649 enecate1657 cadaverate1658 expedite1678 to make dog's meat of1679 to make mincemeat of1709 sluice1749 finisha1753 royna1770 still1778 do1780 deaden1807 deathifyc1810 to lay out1829 cool1833 to use up1833 puckeroo1840 to rub out1840 cadaverize1841 to put under the sod1847 suicide1852 outkill1860 to fix1875 to put under1879 corpse1884 stiffen1888 tip1891 to do away with1899 to take out1900 stretch1902 red-light1906 huff1919 to knock rotten1919 skittle1919 liquidate1924 clip1927 to set over1931 creasea1935 ice1941 lose1942 to put to sleep1942 zap1942 hit1955 to take down1967 wax1968 trash1973 ace1975 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)] bedelveOE begraveOE burya1000 beburyc1000 bifel-ec1000 layc1000 to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE tombc1275 gravec1300 inter1303 rekec1330 to lap in leadc1340 to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340 lie1387 to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400 to lay lowa1425 earthc1450 sepulture1490 to put awaya1500 tyrea1500 mould1530 to graith in the grave1535 ingrave1535 intumulate1535 sepult1544 intumil?c1550 yird1562 shrinea1566 infera1575 entomb1576 sepelite1577 shroud1577 funeral1578 to load with earth1578 delve1587 to lay up1591 sepulchrize1595 pit-hole1607 infuneral1610 mool1610 inhumate1612 inurna1616 inhume1616 pit1621 tumulate1623 sepulchrea1626 turf1628 underlay1639 urna1657 to lay to sleep, asleep1701 envaulta1745 plant1785 ensepulchre1820 sheugh1839 to put under1879 to lay away1885 1779 W. Alexander Hist. Women I. viii. 175 Would to God, my mother had put me under ground the moment I was born!] 1879 R. A. Sterndale Afghan Knife II. vii. 75 I wanted to see your bonny face once more, in case these blackguards put me under. 1918 R. D. Holmes Yankee in Trenches xiii. 124 ‘Put him under with only one, you blinking idiot,’ said I. 1958 C. Watson Coffin scarcely Used iii. 27 There'll be some pressure to have him put under without any unseemly inquiries. 1982 S. Bellow Dean's December xiii. 240 Those guys will listen to any crazy broad who wants to put you under. 3. transitive. To render unconscious, as by the use of an anaesthetic; (also) to hypnotize. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > practise anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. [verb (transitive)] > anaesthetize stony1382 astonish1530 astone1543 stounda1617 etherize1847 letheonize1847 anaesthetize1848 apathize1848 chloroform1848 chloralize1878 chloroformize1880 to put under1889 1849 G. Mantell Jrnl. 29 May (1940) 236 We put her under the influence of Chloroform.] 1889 J. M'Lachlan Appl. Anat. (ed. 3) I. v. 44 The bulk required is less, it is more agreeable to the patient, is more easily administered as it requires no special apparatus, and the patient is more easily put under. 1962 L. Payne Too Small for his Shoes v. 94 Given him something to put him under. Be right as rain. 1963 E. Lanham Monkey on Chain xiv. 207 He put Dora under and learned conclusively that she went down to Bleecker Street. 1988 Dirt Bike Rider Sept. 4/3 As the doctor came up with injection to put me under I asked him the time. 2000 TV Quick 13 May 33/3 A woman is put under by a creepy hypnotist and discovers that in a past life she was possessed by the spirit of an underwater monster. to put up 1. a. transitive. (a) To place in a receptacle for safe keeping or for future use; to store, stow away; to lay aside, put by; (in later use also) to pack or make up into a parcel, in a basket, etc. Also figurative. Cf. to put away 3c at Phrasal verbs 1, to put by 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now chiefly U.S. regional (southern and south Midland).to put up one's pipes: see pipe n.¹ Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] again-layOE to put upc1330 to lay up?a1366 bestow1393 to set up1421 reserve1480 powder1530 store1552 uplay1591 garnera1616 storea1616 revestry1624 reposit1630 barrel1631 magazine1643 stock1700 to salt down1849 reservoir1858 tidy1867 larder1904 the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > deposit or put away to put upc1330 to lay up?a1366 leavea1375 disposec1420 stowc1485 reposea1500 repose?c1525 commit1531 reject1541 dispatcha1566 tuck1587 to put away1607 reposit1630 repositate1716 to stow away1795 park1908 c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 388 (MED) Þe hors was seld..For to hundred schillinges, & [he] put it vp apliȝt. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 21^v Memoratiua, þe vertu of mynde, puttiþ vp in saue warde liknes of þinges & kepiþ hem. c1425 tr. J. Arderne Treat. Fistula (Sloane 6) (1910) 98 It is better if it be euery ȝere renewed and bette newly with oile roses, and putte vp agayne vnto it nede. c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint unto Pity 54 I have put my complaynt up ageyn, For to my foes my bille I dar not shewe. 1591 R. Greene Second Pt. Conny-catching sig. C4 They see him drawe his purse, then spying in what place he puts it vppe, the stall or the shadowe..meets the man at some straight turne & iustles him. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 106 Thou hast mistaken his letter..Here sweete, put vp this. View more context for this quotation 1620 T. Gataker True Contentm. 15 They might not pocket or put vp ought to carry away with them. 1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 291 A Grocer's Basket, such as they put up their Malaga Raisins in. 1755 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 22 Sept. (1967) III. 90 In the next Box put up..3 of Pinchbec's watches, [with] shagrine cases and enamell'd Dial plates. 1773 J. Johnson Let. 4 Aug. in Joshua Johnson's Letterbk. (1979) 91 The very day before we were to have shipped, the goods packed and trimmings put up for them in a different package. 1802 M. Cutler Jrnl. 16 Nov. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 112 Very busy in putting up a box of [botanical] specimens for Mr. Paykull. 1883 M. E. Mann Parish of Hilby iv If you aren't for any more whist,..we may as well put up the cards. 1892 Field 21 May 778/1 The housekeeper..had put us up plenty of edibles and drinkables. 1912 J. Masefield Widow in Bye St. in Poems (1946) 89 ‘Put up your toys,’ he said, ‘and come along.’ 1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral ix. 236 They settled that she should get some tea put up into a thermos flask. 1969 C. Carey Show-jumping Summer i. 17 Aunt Prisca cut doorsteps of bread and butter and put up slabs of shop cake and bottles of lemonade. 1979 D. Gillespie & A. Fraser To be, or not to Bop 384 I went upstairs and put up my camera and came back and went with him. 2003 ‘B. Mac’ Maybe you never cry Again 13 Everybody, put up your books... Bernie gonna tell a story. (b) spec. To preserve and pack away (food); (also) to make (a preserve). ΚΠ 1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 125 Put it up in bottles. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Marinated Fish,..Fish fryed in Oyl, and then put up in Pickle. 1776 P. Van Cortlandt Let. 2 Dec. in J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family (1977) ii. 137 If we tho't it advisable to have the Cattle killed & put up we have no Salt. 1777 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 420 Put the quinces up in pots. 1834 J. M. Peck Gaz. Illinois 42 Few families in the west and south put up their pork in salt pickle. 1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. v. 56 Fired with a housewifely wish to see her store-room stocked with home-made preserves, she undertook to put up her own currant jelly. 1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 2 July 4/5 Sidney women..have started putting up jam for the boys at the front. 1971 R. Thomas Backup Men v. 34 He's helping me put up some marmalade. 1980 M. Gordon Company of Women ii. iv. 158 ‘What do you think Muriel put up this year?’..‘Oh, yes, pears. Pickled pears.’ 2002 M. Kurlansky Salt (2003) ix. 160 Most of the catch was put up in salt. Originally, the anchovy salters used local sea salt from Laplame. b. transitive. To replace (a weapon, originally a sword) in a sheath, scabbard, holster, etc.; (more generally) to cease to deploy (a hand-held weapon). Formerly also intransitive.In quot. 1608 figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > strike with sword [verb (transitive)] > sheathe (sword) to put upa1425 sheathec1430 scabbard1579 sheathe1607 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > use or fight with sword [verb (intransitive)] > sheath sword to put up1602 a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) 70 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 22 (MED) Be noght vengeable; put vp thy swerde. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 2571 (MED) Put vp þi swerde, & no blood ne shede! 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d Thai..Put vp thair brandis sa braid burly and bair. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xviii. f. cxlvij^v Put vppe thy swearde into the sheath [Gk. βάλε, L. mitte]. 1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. G3^v Font... I am arm'd, let them come in... Imp... Goe, goe, put vp. 1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. 164 To be wary how we carry our tongues, that they be safely put up from doing of hurt, and never unsheathed. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 78 Christian..was forced to put up his Sword, and betake himself to another weapon. View more context for this quotation 1716 J. Addison Drummer iii. i. 29 Put up your Sword, or I must never see you again. 1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals v. iii Put up, Jack, put up..—how came you in a duel? 1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. i. 4 None shall fight duellos here... Put up both of you. 1852 C. Duncan Autobiogr. iv It is not time to shoot now. Put up your gun. 1906 J. London White Fang iv. v. 247 He's got intelligence, and we've got to give that intelligence a chance. Put up the gun. 1942 Charleston (W. Virginia) Gaz. 2 Dec. 20/2 ‘You may put up your sword,’ he said, setting example by sheathing his own weapon. 1987 Herald (Melbourne) (Nexis) 28 Dec. I put up my gun and have not touched one since. 2005 Irish Times (Nexis) 1 Oct. (Weekend section) 6 Putting up their swords, the families battle with exchanged volleys of fresh pizza dough. c. transitive. Agriculture. To shut up or confine (an animal), esp. for fattening. Also: to enclose or set aside (an area of land). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > place in house, stall, etc. stall1390 to take up1482 to put up1607 cote1630 shed1850 lair1890 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivation of specific crops > [verb (transitive)] > crop with grass or hay > close meadow to grow hay to lay in1600 to lay down1608 to shut up1765 to put up1892 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 668 They put vp a Hog to fatting. 1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick xiv. v. 317 They must be put up to fat four Moneths, you need give them nothing else but Barley-Meal, and Wheat-meal three times a day. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 410 The underling hog put up with the rest, is longest a fatting. 1799 G. Washington Writings (1893) XIV. 225 Before the period arrives for putting them up as porkers. 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 401 The stall beasts are..put up in sheds in October. 1892 J. C. Blomfield Hist. Heyford 2 ‘Ings’, or meadows put up for hay. 1933 Times 15 May 20/3 The surplus cockerels from breeding farms..should be put up for fattening. 1969 Fond du Lac (Wisconsin) Commonw. Reporter 29 Apr. 21/3 (advt.) 10 acres of land..to be put up for hay. 1975 E. Wigginton Foxfire 3 235 When I come in at night I'd put m' mules up an' ungear 'em. d. (a) transitive. Originally: to stable (one's horse). Later: to accommodate, provide lodging for (a person or animal) temporarily. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [verb (transitive)] > provide with temporary accommodation innOE harbourc1150 gestena1300 guestc1330 hostelc1330 receivec1384 sojourn1390 harbry14.. shroudc1450 bestow1577 accommodate1592 board1600 quarter1603 stow1607 to put up1635 billet1637 lodge1741 room1840 to fix (a person) up1889 summer-board1889 shack1927 1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) iv. xx. 400 Putting up his horse in an Inne, hee a little before supper time, goes to his father in law Morons house. 1699 Tryal Spencer Cowper 46 He..came to Hartford about 8 of the clock the same afternoon, and put up his Horse at the sign of an Inn there. 1720 D. Manley Power of Love 216 He ordered his Servant to put up the Horses in a strange Inn, and stay for him there 'till he returned. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. iii. 56 The hired horse that we rode was to be put up that night at an inn. 1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 23 375 Mr. Hunt..was ‘put up’ in the ground-floor of his Lordship's house. 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xx. 170 Mr. Robarts went to the inn, put up his horse, and then..sauntered back up the street. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 129 Can you put us up for the night? 1939 P. Barry Philadelphia Story (1942) i. 20 I'm putting them up for over the wedding. 1941 T. Kitching Diary 26 Dec. in Life & Death in Changi (1998) ii. 10 They have arrived in Kuala Lumpur: do I know where they can sleep? We put them up. 1980 B. Pym Few Green Leaves (1981) xxviii. 202 It had been kind of them to put her up, but she would have preferred to stay with Miss Lee. 1995 Visit'n (Vermont Folklife Center) 31/2 Most of the people when we have finished the ride are happy to come in the barn with me when I put up the horses. 2005 D. McWilliams Pope's Children vii. 104 He will have done an off-season deal with a hotel, putting them all up in decent suites for half nothing. (b) intransitive. To stop or stay somewhere temporarily. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc. gesten?c1225 innc1390 host?c1450 bait1477 to be (or lie) at hosta1500 hostela1500 sojourn1573 to take up1607 guest?1615 to set upa1689 to keep up1704 to put up1706 lodge1749 room1809 hotel1889 dig1914 motel1961 1706 tr. P. M. de la Martinière New Voy. to North 14 When we came to Steckby we were obliged to put up, the Night coming on. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. iii. 21 We put up for the night at an obscure inn in a village by the way. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry I. vii. i. 135 The Captain fell in company with one who had the Cincinnati eagle at his breast, and riding on together, put up at the inn. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xxxv. 134 Let's either go on to London, sir, or put up at once. 1884 D. C. Murray in Graphic Xmas No. 5/3 Would it not be better..to put up here for the night? 1901 L. Woolf Let. 12 Sept. (1990) 20 We got caught in the rain & had to put up in a lonely cottage right out on the coast. 1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues 89 My wife Bonnie was putting up with some relatives and I knew she was O.K. 1992 TV Quick 19 Dec. (Central Region ed.) 101/1 Dean Jones puts up for the night at Blackbeard's Inn in the small town of Godolphin. e. transitive. To settle (a person) to rest; to settle (a patient) in bed. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > apply type of treatment [verb (transitive)] > put to bed to bring to bed, abedc1320 to put up1800 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 36 I just applied simple dressing,..putting him up in blankets, with no hope of his recovery. 1860 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (rev. ed.) iv. 74 Everything you do in a patient's room, after he is ‘put up’ for the night, increases tenfold the risk of his having a bad night. 1969 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 395/2 Put her up—put the baby to sleep. 2. a. transitive. (a) To submit or present (a petition, application, complaint, etc.) for consideration; to send or hand up to a superior. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > petition > present (a petition) to put up1384 porrectc1425 to put it to a person1664 overturea1856 1384 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 25 (MED) John More was on of the chief cause to procur that a bille sholde be put vp be the comunes conseyl. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iv. 34 (MED) Þanne com pes into þe parlement & putte vp a bille. 1439 Rolls of Parl. V. 9/1 A Petition putte up to the Kyng. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 676/1 I wyll put up a complaynt agaynst the. 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Ciij^v The reuerend Elders of Martinisme had neuer put vppe any Billes of endightment against her the last Parliament. 1602 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1898) II. 13 They willed vs to bring our probations for the Grauamina we had put up against the Archpriest. 1665 J. Buck in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. B. p. xc There are no supplicats put up for King's College Fellows. 1708 A. Boyer Hist. Reign Queen Anne: Year the Sixth 374 The Viscount Charlemont having put up a Complaint against the Earl of Peterborough,..the same was referr'd to a Council of General Officers. 1766 Ld. Kames Remarkable Decisions Court of Session 1730–52 65 Begbie occasionally hearing that his decree was suspended, put up his protestation in common form. 1864 J. Fulton Free Govt. in Eng. & Amer. viii. 317 Let us put up a petition of right; not that I distrust the king, but that I cannot take his trust but in a parliamentary way. 1920 T. Seltzer tr. L. Andreyev Love of one's Neighbour in R. Shay & P. Loving Fifty Contemp. One-act Plays 219 Of course we must put up a complaint [to the Government]. 1946 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 18 Sept. 14/1 The Rev. R. A. L. Knight..came before the House Committee on Social Services to put up a request. 1986 D. C. Potter India's Polit. Administrators i. 49 Masterman's two ministers were in the habit of simply initialling whatever he put up to them. 2000 O. Chapuis Last Emperors Vietnam iii. 53 Phan Thanh Gian, then governor of Vinh Long, put up a formal resignation, which was rejected by the court. (b) To offer (a prayer, esp. a petition for help) to God or a god; to make (a plea) to a person. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (transitive)] workOE servec1175 usea1250 solemnize1382 exercisea1400 observec1425 solennizec1440 officyc1443 officec1449 execute1450 solemn1483 celebratec1487 solemnizate1538 frequenta1555 to put upa1628 officiate1631 ceremony1635 liturgy1716 a1628 J. Preston Life Eternall (1631) xvii. 165 He knowes the way to put up a prayer to him, and he shall finde a present helpe upon all occasions. 1657 N. Billingsley Brachy-martyrologia v. 167 Dear Christian friends,..put up prayers to the Throne of grace In my behalf. 1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xlvi. 502 Our church..put up prayers to God in the behalf of it. 1757 D. Hume Nat. Hist. Relig. in Ess. & Treat. (1758) 500 The Lacedemonians..put up their petitions very early in the morning, in order to..pre-engage the gods in their favor. 1822 J. Galt Provost xxix. 220 During the remembering prayer, Mr. Pittle put up a few words for criminals under sentence of death. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lix. 536 The coarse tyrant..to whom she had been forced to put up petitions for time, when the rent was overdue. 1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxv. 260 At dinner I heard him put up thanks for what he was to receive. 1915 M. Aldrich Hilltop on Marne i. 11 May I humbly and reluctantly put up a plea for my health, and hope for a sympathetic hearing? 1947 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 15 Oct. 4/3 Standing still he put up a prayer for help. 1998 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 8 Oct. 22 It is not enough to put up a prayer and avoid my responsibility for what is happening in the world. b. transitive. To bring (a person) before a judge, magistrate, etc.; to bring into court on a charge; to accuse formally. Also: to bring (a witness) to the stand in a court. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > lay to one's charge, impute witec893 challenge1297 weena1300 to bear upon —c1300 likenc1400 layc1425 to put upa1438 object1447 establish1483 impose1484 reproach1490 annotea1513 lade1535 appoint1553 burden1559 clap1609 to charge (a fault, etc.) on, upon, against (a person)1611 upcast1825 society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] wrayc725 forwrayOE beclepec1030 challenge?c1225 indict1303 appeachc1315 aditea1325 appeal1366 impeachc1380 reprovea1382 arraigna1400 calla1400 raign?a1425 to put upa1438 present?a1439 ditec1440 detectc1449 articlec1450 billc1450 peach1465 attach1480 denounce1485 aret1487 accusea1500 filea1500 delate1515 crimea1550 panel1560 articulate1563 prosecute1579 impleada1600 to have up1605 reprosecute1622 tainta1625 criminatea1646 affect1726 to pull up1799 rap1904 run1909 a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 109 (MED) Sche was putt vp befor þe Bischop of Worcetyr..& moneschid to aper be-for hym þer he lay. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 121 (MED) Som tyme..þer was a fysscher þat was a fornicatur, & on a tyme he was ferd to be putt vp at þe sene [L. in synodo accusari]. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. x. f. xiij When they put you vp, take no thought howe or what ye shall speake. 1753 Trial William Smith 12 Court. Put up Elizabeth Wall [sc. a witness] again. 1847 Times 7 June 7/4 She attended voluntarily..to answer the defendant's charge, and..was put up in the dock. 1912 J. Galsworthy Justice ii, in Plays II. 59 Judge. Call the next case. Clerk of Assize. (To a warder) Put up John Booley. 1949 F. Sargeson I saw in my Dream 75 He'd been sacked and put up for it, and he'd only got six months probation. 1964 ‘J. Prescot’ Case for Court ix. 175 Mr. Rose asked for the Sorensens to be put up at once so that the Chief Constable might make his application... The two accused were brought up into the dock. 1997 Mirror (Nexis) 14 Oct. 5 We were all put up before magistrate in prison today, and told to plead guilty to assault if we wanted to go home. c. (a) transitive. To propose for election or membership, or (in later use) for an honour or award; to nominate. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (transitive)] > propose as candidate purposea1382 nominate1560 propound1573 to put up1573 propose1675 run1765 to hold up1813 society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > [verb (transitive)] > nominate for acceptance as member propound1573 propose1770 to put up1840 society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [verb (transitive)] > propose for membership of club to put up1840 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] > name or designate honourably > nominate for honour or award to put up1966 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 2 Sinc mi grace amongst the rest was put up in the hous. 1682 Modest Enq. Election Sheriffs London 31 [They] both put up and Voted for Sir Humphrey Nicolson, and Mr. Box. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cxvi The Beasts Met in Councel to Chuse a King. There were Several Put up. 1718 P. Rae Hist. Late Rebellion 7 The Mob..insulted the honest Gentlemen that were put up for Members. 1769 New & Compl. Hist. & Surv. London xxxviii. 273 On the election of sheriffs, those aldermen who have not served that office, are put up in the order of their seniority. 1840 E. Bulwer-Lytton Money (ed. 4) i. 30 Shall I put you up at the clubs? a1854 R. M. Bird News of Night i. i, in America's Lost Plays (1941) XII. 145 Put him up for sheriff—I'll vote for him, I swear I will. 1924 M. Baring C xix. 222 You have been put up as a candidate for the Quadranglers. 1966 N. Marsh Death at Dolphin (1967) vi. 154 We'll put you up for the Police Medal. 1994 Bk. & Mag. Collector June 46/1 Michael had been ‘put up’ for the Savile Club. 2007 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 17 Jan. 8 They have to nominate articles and photographs they think should be put up for an award. (b) transitive. To call upon, bring forward, or make available to speak.For a similar use with reference to the calling of a defendant or witness into court see sense 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > deliver (a speech) [verb (transitive)] > bring forward (a person) to speak to put up1694 1694 J. Strype Memorials T. Cranmer i. xxii. 88 He was put up to preach at Paul's Cross the first Lent after King Edward came to the Crown. 1716 D. Ryder Diary 30 Jan. (1939) (modernized text) 173 Mr. Newcome..has put up a man of Whiggish sentiments to preach. 1846 Times 14 July 4/5 The Chancellor of the Exchequer..was put up to speak by Lord J. Russell. 1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 597/1 He was the only speaker the Conservatives could put up..to answer or criticise Mr. Gladstone. 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent ii. 30 I was always put up to speak by the leaders at a critical moment. 1957 P. Carrington Early Christian Church I. vii. 139 There was a rowdy and disorderly gathering of the citizens in the enormous theatre, at which a Jew named Alexander was put up to speak. 2001 A. Theaker Public Relations Handbk. xv. 187 The company did not put up a spokesperson until Watchdog had featured the problem several times. (c) intransitive. To stand as a candidate for election. Also: to apply for a position or job; to offer one's services.In quot. 1892: to offer oneself as the person who will do what is required, to set oneself up. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > choose for office [verb (intransitive)] > offer oneself as candidate stand1542 to put up1705 offer1766 run1806 candidate1848 campaign1884 announce1892 1705 T. Hearne Jrnl. 20 Dec. in Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 134 He..modestly declin'd it. The like did also D^r. Hudson, who was desir'd by divers to put up. 1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orations xvi. 643 Did you not desert him, when he put up for being a septemvir? 1794 J. Trapp tr. D. H. Stoever Life C. Linnæus vii. 152 Linnæus put up for this vacancy,—and..obtained the professorship of physic and anatomy in 1741. 1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss III. vii. ii. 251 Young Guest will put up for the borough at the next election. 1892 Quiver Sept. 872/2 I am not master enough of the occult sciences to put up for defending Dan's character as a charmer. 1912 M. Swayne Sporting Instinct xxxi. 297 It occurred to me I might put up for the job. There's a small salary..and the work is the sort of stuff I understand. 1953 N. Gash Polit. in Age of Peel ix. 210 At the ensuing general election the Earl of Mulgrave put up as candidate. 1969 ‘R. Gordon’ Facts of Life 140 I spend all my time putting up for jobs. 2006 Guardian (Nexis) 1 June 35 In 1974 Tony agreed to put up for parliament himself—as a Liberal. d. transitive. Originally: to invite bids for (a lot) at an auction; to auction. Later also: to make the subject of a competition; to invite competing offers or tenders for (a business proposition, etc.); to offer for sale. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > sell by public sale [verb (transitive)] > sell by auction > offer for sale by auction to set upc1535 to put up1678 to bring (also send, put up) to the hammer1828 the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer for competition to put up1892 1678 J. Vernon Compl. Compting-house 195 If it shall so happen that they cannot decide the Difference,..then the same Lot is put up again, and (if possible) better order is observed in the bidding. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4287/3 The Buyer to pay down 2 Guineas each Lot, or to be put up again. 1717 J. Hughes tr. Suetonius Lives XII. Cæsars II. 314 His whole Effects were by a Decree of the Prefects put up to Sale. 1769 T. Smollett Adventures of Atom I. 177 That blessed farm, which, were it put up to sale, would not fetch one sixth part of the sum. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xxv. 412 The most considerable offices in church and state were put up to sale. 1856 Leisure Hour 5 279/2 The lot was put up again, to be knocked down for six and threepence. 1892 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 Dec. 773/2 Oughtn't the post..to have been put up for public competition? 1931 S. Kaye-Smith Susan Spray i. 47 The farm..would be put up for auction. 1967 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 28 July 9/5 Plans and specifications for the access roads will be put up for tender. 1991 A. A. Aidoo Changes iv. 27 Once he knew he was about to die, he had put the house up for sale to spite his family. e. transitive. To send or hand in (a communication, esp. banns of marriage) to be read out in church during a service; (hence) to read out, publish (banns). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > perform rite(s) [verb (transitive)] > forward communication for service to put up1685 1685 S. Sewall Diary 26 Mar. (1973) I. 59 I put up a Note to pray for the Indians. 1779 Coxheath-Camp I. xiv. 97 They had been about to put up the banns twice; but his mother each time fell sick. 1830 Examiner 396/2 I then went and put up the banns. 1892 Cornhill Mag. July 46 Their banns had been put up in the East End parish. 1911 Racine (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 17 May 8/3 Mr. Trent..was round here this morning to tell Father Conroy to put up the banns for himself and Olive Fletcher. 1957 E. Hanson Verlaine vii. 122 The evening before he had to put up the banns, three weeks before the wedding date, he arrived at the rue Nicolet in great good humor. 1999 Daily Mail (Nexis) 30 July 10 Come with me—we're going to put up the banns. f. transitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To present or submit (a question, statement, etc.) to a person for consideration or response. Esp. in to put it up to a person: = to put it to a person at sense 23a(b). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > ask, enquire [verb (transitive)] > ask a question askOE puta1350 inquirea1400 speera1500 demand1502 pose1862 to put up1901 lob1952 the mind > mental capacity > belief > suggestion, proposal > suggest [verb (transitive)] > for consideration puta1350 purposea1382 propone1402 motion1505 exhibit1529 propound?1531 prefer1539 raise1566 to put forward1569 broach1579 start1579 offer1583 propose1614 first1628 to put it to a person1664 moot1685 suppose1771 pose1862 to put up1901 1901 N.Y. Tribune 26 Oct. 2/2 If this be not true, the candidate does not deny it. Much as we have put it up to him, we cannot wring an answer from Shepard. 1903 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 23 May 4/4 Secretary Johnston,..in common parlance, has put up the question to the Railroad Commission in the matter of abolishing the Galveston-Houston differential. 1906 Harper's Mag. June 68/1 When he finally put it up to me what I would do,—‘It would depend,’ I answered, ‘on what it was the woman has done.’ 1950 F. B. Gilbreth & E. G. Carey Belles on their Toes xxi. 228 When Ernestine put the proposition up to Mother the next day, she might as well have saved her breath. 1957 H. V. Harper Days & Customs All Faiths iii. 82 He had been told in a vision that God had put it up to him to make the selection for her. 1991 E. P. Herring in M. A. Baer et al. Polit. Sci. in Amer. 37 We got him down to my office and put it up to him, you know, for the good of the cause. g. transitive. To offer or give up (a child, pet, etc.) for adoption. ΚΠ 1919 Fresno (Calif.) Republican 2 Dec. 15/4 The five-months-old baby who has been put up for adoption. 1956 Social Probl. 3 144 A legitimate but unwanted child being put up for adoption. 1970 N.Y. Times 14 May 52/1 (caption) An engaging pure-bred Boston terrier, one of [the] puppies put up for adoption by the North Shore Animal League. 1996 F. McCourt Angela's Ashes (1997) i. 10 You shoulda stayed single, put the child up for adoption, and you'd be a free woman today. 3. a. transitive. (a) To place in a high or higher position; to raise, lift.to put a person's back up, to put up the shutters: see the nouns. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise heave971 hevenOE onheaveOE rearOE highOE arearc1175 to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275 upbraidc1275 to set upc1290 lifta1300 upheavea1300 upraisea1300 upreara1300 enhancec1300 araise1303 hance1303 uplifta1340 lift1362 raisec1384 upbear1390 uphancec1390 advancea1393 haut?a1400 to put upa1400 verec1400 hainc1440 inhigh1483 elevate1497 uphigh1513 alifta1522 height1530 heighten1530 exalt1535 extol1549 sublevate1559 rouse?1567 attol1578 elate1578 vaunce1582 dight1590 higher1592 tower1596 to fetch up1612 relevate1620 screwa1625 transcend1635 stilt1649 allevate1696 stiltify1860 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5833 (MED) Þe water o þe flum þou ta And put it vp apon þe land. a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 243 (MED) As hit a-proched to þe prince, he put [v.r. heeld] vp his hed For comfort of þe cloþ. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 49 (MED) Þat kyng..pytte hys hond vp, schewyng hym þe sterre. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 164 The purpour sone..Throw goldin skyis putting vp his heid. 1655 W. Sales Theophania i. 24 He beseeched him..(putting up his own beaver) fo [read so] far to honour him, that he might know his face. 1687 A. Behn Emperor of Moon iii. i. 43 (stage-direct.) Har. unseen, puts up the Back of his Calash, and whips off his Frock, and goes to drive on. 1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless IV. xxi. 263 He saw her lovely hand frequently put up to wipe away the tears that fell from her eyes. 1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 20 Oct. 1/5 A coach window glass that cannot be put up when it is down, nor down when it is up. 1897 F. Montgomery Tony (1898) 17 You will put up the windows in the tunnels, won't you? 1901 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 692/1 Here one sits and waits till a seal puts up his head. 1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent i. 78 ‘Very nice, dear Mabel,’ said Lavinia, putting up her lorgnon. 1988 Which? May 247/1 We..hesitated to ask a question. Eventually I put up my hand. 2006 F. Kiernan & G. Hemphill Still Game I. iii. 88 (stage direct.) Boabby is putting up whisky bottles into the optics. (b) To arrange or dress (the hair) in such a way that it does not hang loose over the neck; to pin up. Formerly sometimes used allusively, with reference to this being a sign of a girl's coming to adulthood. ΚΠ 1641 Diurnall Occurr. 3 Nov. 1640–3 Nov. 1641 101 Then taking his leave of all the Lords, [he] put off his Doublet himself,..and put up all his hair under his Cap, and so laid himself on the block. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 75 Married Women put up their hair within their Caps or Coifs. ?1715 E. W. tr. A. de Castillo Solórzano Life Donna Rosina (new ed.) ii. 86 [She] went along with him just as she was, without putting up her hair, which hanging over her shoulders added much to her beauty. 1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall iv. 34 Her hair..is frizzled out and put up with pins. 1897 E. W. Wilcox Three Women 52 He has worshiped her since first she put up her tresses, And let down the hem of her school-girlish dresses. 1914 Let. in New Fun 5 Dec. 16/2 My cousin Rita, as soon as she attained seventeen, was allowed to put her hair up and go into long frocks and become quite grown up. 1967 S. Marshall Fenland Chron. ii. vii. 224 Then she'd do her hair afresh, perhaps putting it up in a chignon bag, and put a clean white apron on. 2003 Daily Tel. 20 June 20/3 Turning my D & G jean jacket inside out..and putting my hair up, I slip in..to join the elegants who are playing blackjack and roulette. (c) To set (a person) on horseback. Hence in Horse Racing: to employ (a person) as a jockey, esp. for a particular race. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > mount (a horse or other animal) > set on horseback mount?1507 to put up1848 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > ride horse in race [verb (transitive)] > employ as jockey to put up1848 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > ride horse in race [verb (transitive)] > mount jockey to put up1848 1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys II. ii. 46 Brien was saddled..and Pat was put up. 1888 Times 26 June 4/5 Would they put up a jockey they believed to be dishonest? 1907 Washington Post 31 Mar. (Sporting section) 2/2 The young turf partners will put up Jimmy Hennessey on all of their starters. 1953 E. Coxhead Midlanders i. 32 Don't suppose you've yet been on horseback, miss? We'll put you up and see how you like it. 2004 Racing Post (Nexis) 25 July 19 I can understand that people might find it hard to put up a jockey who has been out a long while on a fancied horse. (d) colloquial. In the imperative phrase put 'em up (also, less commonly, put them up): (a) ‘put your hands above your head!’, ‘hands up!’; (b) ‘raise your fists!’, ‘get ready to fight!’ ΚΠ 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxxix. 565 Put up your hands! Don't you go for a weapon! Put 'em up! 1881 A. Trollope Dr. Wortle's School II. ix. 182 It's a decent widow woman as keeps this house, and I won't see her set upon. Put 'em up. 1905 E. Turner & R. Hodder Purloined Prince xxiii. 348 He seemed to change his mind, and, lowering his arms, placed his hands in his pockets... ‘Put them up again,’ said the Prince quietly, as he stepped out from behind the Count and raised his revolver. 1923 E. Wallace Captains of Souls xliv. 240 I'm going to give you the damnedest lacing you ever had..put 'em up! 1940 P. Kerry Cobbers A.I.F. 17 Put 'em up, yeh lousy lair! 1997 Mirror (Nexis) 23 Oct. 24 We'd shout: ‘Put 'em up!’ and all these old bags would jump with shock. b. (a) transitive. Hunting. To cause (game) to rise or emerge from cover. Also more generally: to rouse, start (an animal). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > beat beata1400 to put upa1475 tuft1590 tusk1592 fowl1611 flaxa1848 brush1876 the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > drive from lair or cover starta1393 raisec1425 to put upa1475 rear1486 uprear1486 to start out1519 rouse1531 uncouch?a1562 to den outa1604 dislodge1632 tufta1640 draw1781 jump1836 a1475 Diseases Hawk (Harl. 2340) f. 26^v When þu puttist vp A pertrych, þofe þi hawke A bate, holde fast, & marke it & lat þi spanell retryue it. ?a1500 Hunting of Hare in H. Weber Metrical Romances (1810) III. 285 The yomon rode and cryed: ‘So hoo!’ And putte the hare vp with his boo. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 113 Let him which hath the Hearoner (that is the male Hawke) put vp the Hearon. 1629 H. Burton Truth's Triumph 308 A spaniell..puts vp many a foule. 1659 N. Hardy Pious Votary 40 The Hare, that is put up by the Hunter and pursued by the hounds,..makes back to her fourme. 1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 299 The Footmen advance first, rushing into the Thickets, with their Dogs and Spears, to put up the Game. 1789 Eaton Chron. (Cheshire) 128 A noble fox was put up. 1803 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) I. 345 Camp is in good health, and put up a hare. 1890 Longman's Mag. June 222 We put up a couple of tigers. 1932 A. Bell Cherry Tree vii. 82 The occasional single partridge that one put up on one's walk seemed a sad thing somehow. 1988 Country Walking May 28/1 Many a walker will have put up a fox as he or she crashes through the undergrowth. 2006 Dogs Monthly July 17/1 Whenever a wolf was either put up by the extended line of mounted beaters or flushed out of-the woods by scent hounds. †(b) intransitive. Of a fish: to rise, swim towards the surface. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1781 G. Washington Let. 4 May in Writings (1937) XXII. 30 There is a quantity of Fish putting up on this River, of which the Troops at the Northward, may also have a proportion. 1874 F. Francis By Lake & River viii. 76 When walking home in the evening (there being a good rise on) I saw some rather fine fish putting up in the deep still dubs in that part. 1890 Field 31 May 799/1 The trout that put up here and there were after a tiny speck of midge-like character. †c. intransitive. Of sap: to rise. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. liv. 363 When as the sappe putteth vp and commeth to the barke. d. transitive. To cause to spring up or grow; to put forth (a tooth). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > cause to sprout or grow multiplya1550 germinate1610 shoot?1610 to put up1626 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §549 It is reported, that hartshorn shaven, or in small pieces, mixed with dung and watered, putteth up mushrooms. 1829 Virginia Lit. Museum 16 Sept. 221 Whenever a field is not in cultivation, it puts up every where a rich luxuriant crop of a sort of wild vetch. 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 321 These teeth are put up when the calf is six months old. 1952 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 2 Oct. 25/5 If you have some clusters of bulbs which put up leaves but few blooms, perhaps they are unduly crowded. 1970 Ecol. Monogr. 40 9/2 The deciduous shrubs leafed out..and forbs, such as Bahia absinthifolia, put up shoots and bloomed. 2006 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 25 Mar. s5 It's a sign when the amaryllis puts up its first leaf: That festive time of year is just around the corner. e. transitive. (a) To place (a notice, sign, etc.) in a position where it may be seen; to post up. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill > put up a placard, notice, or bill stickc1425 to set upc1540 to stick up1562 post1647 to put up1693 poster1938 1693 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin New Hist. Eccl. Writers VI. 92 He published the Sixth Council anew, put up the Picture of it, and caused the Acts to be written out again by the Deacon Agatho. 1696 T. Dogget Country Wake iv. ii. 47 Every thing within Doors is ready; and there is nothing wanting without but the Sign to be put up. 1712 J. Arbuthnot Lewis Baboon iv. i. 3 He had hardly put up his Sign, when he began to debauch my best Customers from me. 1771 Votes & Proc. Lower House of Assembly of Maryland 79 Using his best Endeavours to procure Buyers, by Notices put up. 1833 Act 3 & 4 William IV c. 46 §113 Such rules..shall..be put up, either in print or in writing, on such place..as the..council shall think proper. 1890 Globe 7 June 1/4 He put up notices requesting visitors to leave the plants alone. 1934 Times 19 Feb. 13/5 Flaring neon signs have been put up to announce that the houses on which they are placed are hotels. 1992 Out Summer 29/2 Sonnabend sided with those who fought to put up safer-sex informational posters in the gay bathhouses. (b) Sport (originally Cricket). To achieve as a score. Cf. post v.¹ 3e.In North American use now frequently in to put up (big, good, etc.) numbers: to score highly or freely; (hence, also in extended use) to play or perform well. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > score get1634 make1680 score1742 notch1836 steal1836 to put up1860 rattle1860 to put on1865 tally1875 net1907 to rack up1921 slam1959 1860 Baily's Monthly Mag. 1 428 Grundy put up 11 and 16. 1894 Lowell (Mass.) Daily Sun 22 Feb. 1/1 The five Vesper rollers put up a score of over 2900 for three frames on their own alleys. 1932 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 23 Feb. 15/8 Batting first, the Free Foresters put up 244 for 8. 1975 News (Port Arthur, Texas) 27 Apr. 5 c Good numbers put up by the women included Pat Malcomb at 594. 1977 R.A.F. News 30 Mar. 18/1 The only WRAF rider, SACW Jennie Hye of West Drayton, put up a plucky 44·42. 1997 Barron's 18 Aug. 31/3 I have a passion for running money and am committed to putting up big numbers. 2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 116 I didn't care what atrocities we were inflicting on a credulous public... I was putting up serious numbers, and holding my own with the best of the lifers. 2006 Express & Echo (Exeter) (Nexis) 23 Aug. 52 Simon Wragg put up 70 for Exeter's first wicket. (c) British. Military. To display (an indication of rank, medal ribbon, etc.) on one's uniform. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > carry or wear (insignia) [verb (transitive)] bearOE to put up1944 1944 Punch 12 July 42/3 I've just heard he [sc. a subaltern] has put up his third pip. 1959 M. Gilbert Blood & Judgement xiv. 147 He could easily have put up a medal ribbon he wasn't entitled to. 1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army iv. 39 They can then ‘put up their stripe’. f. transitive. Cricket. To hit (a ball) or make (a shot) high into the air (thus rendering it easy to catch). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > hit > hit with specific stroke take1578 stop1744 nip1752 block1772 drive1773 cut1816 draw1816 tip1816 poke1836 spoon1836 mow1844 to put up1845 smother1845 sky1849 crump1850 to pick up1851 pull1851 skyrocket1851 swipe1851 to put down1860 to get away1868 smite1868 snick1871 lift1874 crack1882 smack1882 off-drive1888 snip1890 leg1892 push1893 hook1896 flick1897 on-drive1897 chop1898 glance1898 straight drive1898 cart1903 edge1904 tonk1910 sweep1920 mishook1934 middle1954 square-drive1954 tickle1963 square-cut1976 slash1977 splice1982 paddle1986 1845 W. Denison Cricketer's Compan. 1844 p. ix Had the chances from the ball being put up been taken advantage of. 1890 Field 31 May 790/2 Holden next put a ball up to long-on. 1926 Times 22 July 7/3 The former put up a ball for Brown, running from forward to short leg, to make a simple catch. 1955 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 16 June 12/1 Holt..put up a catch to Favell at leg slip, but the fieldsman dropped it. 2002 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 3 Aug. 2 Mistakes soon followed as Powell and Matthew Maynard put up catches to deep mid-off. 4. transitive. To erect, set up (a building or other structure); to construct, build. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct workOE dighta1175 to set upc1275 graitha1300 formc1300 pitchc1330 compoundc1374 to put togethera1387 performc1395 bigc1400 elementc1400 complexion1413 erect1417 framea1450 edifya1464 compose1481 construe1490 to lay together1530 perstruct1547 to piece together1572 condite1578 conflate1583 compile1590 to put together1591 to set together1603 draw1604 build1605 fabric1623 complicate1624 composit1640 constitute1646 compaginate1648 upa1658 complex1659 construct1663 structurate1664 structure1664 confect1677 to put up1699 rig1754 effect1791 structuralize1913 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] timbera900 workOE betimberOE craftOE buildc1275 lifta1300 stagec1330 upraise1338 wright1338 edifya1340 to make outa1382 to make upa1382 biga1400 housea1400 risea1400 telda1400–50 to work upa1450 redress1481 levy1495 upmake1507 upbuild1513 exstruct?c1550 construct1663 to run up1686 practise1739 to lay up1788 elevate1798 to put up1818 to lay down1851 practicate1851 1543 in J. D. Marwick & R. Renwick Charters rel. Glasgow (1906) II. 198 The said Andro to put wp ane sufficient spowit of leid. 1596 in Coll. for Hist. Aberdeen & Banff (1843) 386 That..his maister..in hamelenes had causit put up the cott for saftie of his sheip in euil wedder. 1657 in Extracts Rec. Royal Burgh of Lanark (1893) 159 To put up thrie putes to the south wall for ane flesh merkat. 1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 25 There are an infinite number of Busto's of the Grand Monarque every where put up by the Common People. 1717 Boston News-let. 11 Mar. 2/2 (advt.) Good Sash Glass, with Lead Lines, Rolls and Pins fitting for the same, the glass being framed ready to put up. 1763 Newcastle Courant 1 Oct. in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 20 The lamps put up in the streets..were lighted up for the first time. 1818 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 573 The making a Bridge and putting up the Gates at the end of that walk. 1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. xi. 287 Here are lighthouses we have put up to prevent shipwrecks. 1901 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 326 Soon fires were twinking all around, tents were put up, and after a hearty meal refuge from the cold was sought beneath the blankets. 1968 N. Mosley Impossible Object 188 The hotel was new and had been put up to attract tourists. 1989 Which? Jan. 24/3 It's a popular choice as a way of putting up shelves at home. 2003 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Mar. g14/6 Mr. Foster, who is selling the property himself, expects a buyer to flatten the existing buildings and put up a stylish mansion. 5. †a. transitive. figurative. To submit to, endure, or suffer quietly or patiently (an insult, injury, etc.). Obsolete.Perhaps originally a figurative use of sense 1a(a) (for a similar sense-development cf. pocket v. 7a). Now superseded by to put up with. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate forbearc897 tholec950 bearOE abidec1300 bidea1325 takec1330 suffer1340 wielda1375 to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384 supportc1384 to sit with ——c1400 sustainc1400 thulgec1400 acceptc1405 to away with1528 brook1530 well away1533 to bear with —1538 digest1553 to comport with1565 stand1567 purse?1571 to put up1573 well away1579 comport1588 fadge1592 abrook1594 to come away1594 to take up with1609 swallow1611 embracea1616 to pack up1624 concocta1627 to set down bya1630 to take with ——1632 tolerate1646 brook1658 stomach1677 pouch1819 1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 48 All this I put up quietly. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 91 Abuses..which, with honour, he can neuer put vp at their hands. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 184 I will indeed no longer indure it, Nor..put vp in peace, what already I haue foolishly sufferd. View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) iv. sig. B8 He can put vp any iniury sooner then this. 1702 Reasons for War with France & Spain 11 We ought not..to put up such an Injury to a Prince that has endear'd himself to us by his Justice, Valour and Clemency. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. v. 193 He must be a scandalous fellow indeed, who would put up a Drubbing whilst the Law is open to revenge it. View more context for this quotation 1832 Philol. Museum 1 477 The ridicule which the minister..might put up from his jocose friend. b. intransitive. to put up with: to submit to, suffer uncomplainingly; (more generally) to endure, bear; to accept, tolerate. ΚΠ 1641 G. Abbot Vindiciæ Sabbathi 90 As if sanctification which alwayes signifieth to set apart to an holy use should be properly interpreted by resting from worke: as if God would put up with negative service only. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxi. 52 That is nothing at all, but a Rebuke to the Pride of his high Condition, which he did not expect, and knows not how to put up with. 1755 Connoisseur (1756) No. 100. 605 All these indignities I very patiently put up with. 1783 Miss Elliott Portrait I. 16 Did I not know you to be a good, aye, and an affectionate hearted girl too, I should not so easily put up with it. 1839 T. De Quincey Dinner in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 829/2 Whether Pope ever put up with four o'clock dinners again, we have vainly sought to fathom. 1887 A. Jessopp Arcady viii. 235 [An] organ grinder..hunted out of London streets, where they will not put up with him. 1948 T. Heggen Mister Roberts viii. 109 I don't have to put up with talk like that and I don't intend to! 1976 S. Wales Echo 27 Nov. 6/3 People will have to go on putting up with a badly pot-holed road. 2006 Today's Golfer May 194/4 My three mates and I played anywhere that would put up with a bunch of enthusiastic hackers. †6. intransitive. Probably: to advance or move up to, to address oneself to. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1677 T. D'Urfey Fond Husband ii. iii. 18 Oh!—here she is;—and ifack I'll put up to her now I have found her. How dost thou do, Girl?—Hah! how dost thou do? Give me thy hand. a1745 J. Swift Discovery in Wks. (1755) IV. i. 298 With this he put up to my lord, The courtiers kept their distance due. 7. transitive. To raise, give voice to (a cry, etc.); to utter loudly. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (transitive)] > raise (a shout) arearc1380 rearc1400 raisea1425 to put up1730 1730 Gen. Hist. Turks, Moguls, & Tatars I. ix. iii. 247 Every time that Din Mahamet Sultan put up a Cry, the Lord who conducted him cry'd on his part Risha! 1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 276 I put up the shrill whoop of friendship. 1829 W. Irving Chron. Conquest Granada II. 314 They put up loud shouts of triumph. 1892 Quiver Mar. 359/1 They put up a great shout of admiration. 1942 L. D. Rich We took to Woods ii. 40 When the end of the string comes abreast of the surveyor, he puts up a shout and the rodman stops and makes his blaze. 1960 Times 30 Sept. 10/2 After the first explosion, the huge crowd immediately put up a shout of ‘paredon, paredon’ (firing squad). 2003 C. Mitchell George Washington's New Jersey xvii. 97 When the American artillery was running short of paper wadding to hold the powder and balls in their cannons, they put up a loud cry. 8. transitive. Cards. To lay down (a card), esp. in a trick-taking game in which players are partnered; to play (a card). ΚΠ 1742 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist 30 If your Adversary..puts up a Trump which your Partner cannot win,..he will return your Partner's Lead. 1760 A. Murphy Way to keep Him ii. 46 C leads his Suit, D puts up the King then returns the Suit. 1840 Madison (Wisconsin Territory) Express 5 Sept. [He] had spent many a silent hour studying..faro, brag, poker, seven-up, and..‘stocking’ and ‘putting up’ cards. 1900 Chicago Sunday Tribune 23 Dec. 20/7 South put up the ace of spades at trick No. 1. 2004 Bridge Mag. Mar. 28/1 Consider..playing East for the doubleton king rather than putting up the queen. 9. transitive. colloquial. a. With to. To make (a person) conversant with or aware of something, esp. something kept secret or not generally known; to inform of, instruct in. Cf. to put on to —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > inform (a person) to teach a person a thingc888 meanOE wiseOE sayOE wittera1225 tellc1225 do to witc1275 let witc1275 let seec1330 inform1384 form1399 lerea1400 to wit (a person) to saya1400 learn1425 advertise1431 givec1449 insense?c1450 instruct1489 ascertain1490 let1490 alighta1500 advert1511 signify1523 reform1535 advise1562 partake1565 resolve1568 to do to ware1594 to let into one's knowledge1596 intellect1599 possess1600 acquainta1616 alighten1615 recommenda1616 intelligence1637 apprise1694 appraise1706 introduce1741 avail1785 prime1791 document1807 to put up1811 to put a person au fait of1828 post1847 to keep (someone) straight1862 monish1866 to put next to1896 to put (one) wise (to)1896 voice1898 in the picture1900 to give (someone) a line on1903 to wise up1905 drum1908 hip1932 to fill (someone) in on1945 clue1948 background1961 to mark a person's card1961 to loop in1994 1811 T. E. Hook Trial by Jury ii. ii. 27 How shall I put him up to the trick? 1824 Hist. Gaming Houses 18 in Compl. Hist. Murder Mr. Weare Those who had been ‘put up’ to the secrets, or made acquainted with the manner of doing the flats. 1828 Examiner 589/1 I want you to put the people at the inn up to my not coming. 1891 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 357 He put me up to one or two things worth knowing. a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) lix. 268 How was it that all the clever people of Cambridge had never put him up to this simple rejoinder? 1946 G. B. Shaw Let. 22 Oct. in L. W. Conolly Sel. Corr. (2002) IV. 154 I put him up to the tricks of Romeo's top scene at Mercutio's death, and he was convinced, or pretended to be. b. To incite, encourage, or persuade (a person) to an action, or to do something, esp. something illegal, mischievous, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 1812 J. Galt Maddalen iii. vii, in Tragedies 50 Dear aunt, What prompting spirit put you up to this? 1829 W. B. Fowle New Speaker 310 She never would have touched what was not her own, if her vagabond lover had not put her up to it. 1892 Good Words Sept. 584/1 He put me up to try to get into Harris's secrets. 1935 ‘A. Bridge’ Illyrian Spring ix. 111 He put Aunt Gina up to write tactfully to that God-awful Roseneath woman..to find out about her movements. 1980 W. Golding Rites of Passage (1982) 78 Always one for a joke, Mr. Deverel... He put him up to it. 2000 N. Barr Deep South (2001) xviii. 332 Do you think he was the one put the boys up to alligatoring your garage? c. To annoy (a person); to ‘wind up’, stir up. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex gremec893 dretchc900 awhenec1000 teenOE fretc1290 annoyc1300 atrayc1320 encumberc1330 diseasec1340 grindc1350 distemperc1386 offenda1387 arra1400 avexa1400 derea1400 miscomforta1400 angerc1400 engrievec1400 vex1418 molesta1425 entrouble?1435 destroublea1450 poina1450 rubc1450 to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450 disprofit1483 agrea1492 trouble1515 grig1553 mis-set?1553 nip?1553 grate1555 gripe1559 spitec1563 fike?1572 gall1573 corsie1574 corrosive1581 touch1581 disaccommodate1586 macerate1588 perplex1590 thorn1592 exulcerate1593 plague1595 incommode1598 affret1600 brier1601 to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603 discommodate1606 incommodate1611 to grate on or upon1631 disincommodate1635 shog1636 ulcerate1647 incommodiate1650 to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653 discommodiate1654 discommode1657 ruffle1659 regrate1661 disoblige1668 torment1718 pesta1729 chagrin1734 pingle1740 bothera1745 potter1747 wherrit1762 to tweak the nose of1784 to play up1803 tout1808 rasp1810 outrage1818 worrit1818 werrit1825 buggerlug1850 taigle1865 get1867 to give a person the pip1881 to get across ——1888 nark1888 eat1893 to twist the tail1895 dudgeon1906 to tweak the tail of1909 sore1929 to put up1930 wouldn't it rip you!1941 sheg1943 to dick around1944 cheese1946 to pee off1946 to honk off1970 to fuck off1973 to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977 to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983 to wind up1984 to dick about1996 to-teen- 1930 H. G. Wells Autocracy Mr. Parham iv. i. 266 This cheap Mussolini at Westminster is putting us up some! 1960 T. McLean Kings of Rugby xi. 160 Hill's protest was more likely to restore the true spirit of the game than..some other method of retaliation by the Canterbury men who believed that they were being put up. 10. transitive. Originally Criminals' slang. To collaborate or conspire with others to perpetrate (a robbery, deception, etc.); to plan in advance, prearrange, preconcert. Esp. in to put up a job. Cf. earlier put-up adj. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > plan a theft to put up1829 1829 Times 23 Sept. 3/4 Although nothing transpired to warrant her further detention, she is still suspected of having ‘put up’ the robbery. 1865 N.-Y. Times 5 Feb. 8/5 He resigns, asseverating, meantime, that his comrades have ‘put up a job’ to compass his expulsion from the department. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xiv. 251 He was convinced that the manager, in a spirit of mean revenge, had put up a job on him. 1942 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 4 Oct. 32/5 Were they putting up a job on Hitler, subjecting him to a blitz of nerves? 1965 P. Baker Wild Bunch at Robber's Roost viii. 102 Tom would go out of his way any day to ‘put up a job’ on someone. Sometimes the hoax was rather elaborate. 11. transitive. a. To stage or produce (a play or other entertainment); = to put on 12 at Phrasal verbs 1. to put up an (also †one's) appearance: to put in an appearance (see appearance n. 2). to put up a show: see show n.¹ 4a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)] enact1430 to set out1540 to bring (a person) on or to the stage1602 to bring on1768 to get up1782 to put up1832 stage1879 to put on1885 1832 H. Martineau Demerara in Tales Polit. Econ. II. iv. i. 10 A few of the sluggards who had not put up their appearance at the proper hour. 1838 C. Dickens Let. ?Nov. (1965) I. 465 I don't know what they put up at the Theatre for that night. 1852 Punch 11 Dec. 257/1 The entertainments this week have been of a slight and desultory character, the management being..glad to ‘put up’ anything they could get. 1891 New Rev. Dec. 506 A manager..may ‘put up’ the ‘Midsummer Night's Dream’. 1905 W. C. Hazlitt in Newcastle Daily Chron. 21 May 4/5 The only showman who used to put up an appearance was old Tommy Elliott, an itinerant exhibitor, with his peep-show. 1958 Arizona Daily Sun 12 July 1/8 I would have liked to get that kind of dough to put up a production over here. 1996 East Afr. (Nairobi) 13 May 24/8 That excellent drama Pambazuka they put up recently in Nairobi. b. To exhibit or give (a (usually good) account of oneself) in a struggle, fight, argument, sporting contest, etc. Later also: to make (a protest, disturbance, etc.); to ‘kick up’. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist > make show of resistance show1577 baya1657 to show the bull-horn1833 to put up1881 1881 Washington Post 8 Feb. 2/5 His principal pleasure is in stock gambling, and..he must put up a great game now and then on the public to enjoy himself. 1882 Atlanta Constit. 18 Aug. With a plucky leader they [sc. the democrats] are going to put up a fight that will satisfy their opponents. 1926 Lincoln (Nebraska) Sunday Star 17 Jan. 2/1 The specialist grain farmer will put up a fuss in times of low corn prices. 1928 H. Crane Let. 27 Mar. (1965) 320 I put up quite a fight, but neither of us were in much condition. 1966 ‘L. Lane’ ABZ of Scouse 111 Tripe-hound, a mongrel dog. Also applied to a racing greyhound that persists in putting up a disappointing performance. 1988 A. N. Wilson Tolstoy i. 16 He ordered his troops to fire on the rebels, and they fled without putting up any resistance. 2003 Backwoods Home Mag. Nov. 9/2 A disgruntled, sourpussed organized fringe group just puts up a fuss, and a community..caves in. 12. transitive. To raise, increase (a price, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices) raise?a1513 enhance1542 enhaulse1600 exhance1667 inflamea1687 to run up1709 rise1740 to put up1838 hike1904 up1934 price-gouge1940 uplift1962 1838 Times 25 Dec. 2/6 Our millers have determined upon putting up the price of flour to 62s. again. 1890 Harper's Mag. Oct. 758/1 His governor..had quite lately put his allowance up a hundred pounds. 1914 N.Y. Times 21 Aug. 5 From the local market came the complaint of the Kosher delicatessen men that the manufacturers had put up prices. 1949 K. Ferrier Let. 18 May (2004) iii. 79 I pointed out they hadn't put up my fee for next year, and got it put up on the instant! 1966 Listener 12 May 687/3 The Rhodesian crisis put up the price of copper from Zambia, and then Chile put up the price of its copper. 1993 C. MacDougall Lights Below 177 That's the bloody Tories for you, put up the price of everything and blame the working man. 13. Originally U.S. a. transitive. To stake or provide (money); to pay up. Also more generally: to supply, come up with. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > payment > pay money or things [verb (transitive)] > pay up or out to pay out1438 to pay over1668 to shell down1801 pony1819 tip1829 to fork out, over, or up1831 to stump up1833 to put up1838 stump1841 pungle1851 to ante up1880 cough1894 to peg out1895 brass1898 1838 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. Sept. 428 He put up the money again in stakes. 1853 H. Melville Bartleby ii, in Putnam's Monthly Mag. Dec. 609/1 ‘Done!’ said I, ‘Put up your money.’ 1879 E. Harrigan Mulligan Guard Ball (typescript) i. i. 7 Aint he putting up all the meat for the ball supper to-morrow night? 1892 Harper's Mag. May 870/1 Prussia, together with the remaining states, puts up sixteen army corps. 1967 T. Cade Bambara Playin with Punjab in Gorilla, my Love (1972) 73 He'd..put up bail a couple of times for some of the star pupils. 1993 M. Gee Going West (1994) 61 The big companies were not interested. The smaller had no money to put up. b. intransitive in same sense. to put up or shut up (colloquial): to take action, ‘come up with the goods’, or to stop talking about something; ‘to put one's money where one's mouth is’ (usually in imperative). ΚΠ 1858 Marysville (Ohio) Tribune 21 July Now, if he means business, let him put up, or shut up, for this is the last communication that will come from me in regard to this fellow. 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xl. 512 This was a plain case of ‘put up, or shut up’. 1899 ‘R. Connor’ Sky Pilot xv. 202 The boys ginerally put up for what they wanted without no fuss. 1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards 237 You're putting up for it, and I ought to be much obliged. 1943 Z. N. Hurston Let. 25 July in Life in Lett. (2002) 493 I am one of those people who put up or shut up. 1952 Manch. Guardian Weekly 1 May 3/4 The old alternatives will be revived: put up or shut up—get out or get on to the Yalu and beyond. 1996 T. Clancy Executive Orders liv. 738 You blue-suits been telling us for years how ballsy those Aegis cruisers are. Put up or shut up, okay? 14. transitive. Angling. To prepare (a cast of flies); (also) to fasten (a fly) to a line. ΚΠ 1860 C. Kingsley in Fraser's Mag. Sept. 334/2 An imitation of these little ground bees is a deadly fly the whole year round... There are those who never put up a cast of flies without one. 1863 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 455/2 John Hossack..was on the back of the dog-cart with the rods,..putting up a cast of flies. 1892 Field 17 Sept. 454/1 When putting up a new fly, the wings, hackle, and body are painted over with the paraffin. 1901 Field 9 Nov. 739 I put up a fine cast with three biggish flies tied on fine gut (a March brown, a Zulu, and a black palmer). 1958 Times 5 July 9/4 It is one thing to put up a fly at the boot of the car, or to change calmly to a fresh one on the terra firma of the river bank when no fish is being engaged. 1975 B. Clarke Pursuit of Stillwater Trout i. 37 I want to get them [sc. trout], and every time I slip on a wader, and put up a fly, it is with this in mind. †15. transitive. U.S. To judge, regard, or assess (a person, situation, etc.) in a particular way. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > take the measure of measure?a1425 gauge1583 to sum up1631 measure1684 to touch off1766 to take (also get) the measure of1790 to get (also take, etc.) a person's number1853 reckon1853 to put up1864 size1884 to weigh up1894 to read the room1975 1864 Chicago Tribune 11 May 3/4 There is no longer any doubt in my mind concerning the matter. I will tell you how I put it up, and take the consequences. 1877 ‘M. Twain’ in Atlantic Monthly Nov. 590/1 Would you like to have me explain that thing to you?.. Now, this is the way I put it up. 1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 674/2 And Jack says to himself, ‘Well,..I done what I could! What is to be will be.’ That's about the way I put it up. PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses. to put at —— Scottish. intransitive. To take action against (a person); †to proceed against, prosecute (obsolete); to importune, press.In later use sometimes in prepositional passive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > urgently or persistently pressa1425 instandc1450 to put at ——1534 importune1548 push1595 to put upon ——a1617 drum1833 what-the-hell1924 opportune1941 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] pursue1389 suea1422 pleada1425 proceed1425 pleac1450 to wage one's (or the) law1455 to go to (the) law?a1513 to put at ——1534 to prosecute the law against (also upon)1535 law?a1550 to follow a suit1571 prosecute1611 to go to suit1690 litigate1726 1534 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 138 Helyne, he is ane slawe payar, put at hyme. 1547 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 69 The autorite to putt at thame baith in thair personis, landis, and gudis, quhill tha cum to obedience. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 322 The Douglassis pat sair at the Lord Lyndsay. 1583 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 599 Thay ar persewit and put at for the said publict act. 1616 Sir C. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 Sir Robert Rich puts hard at them for the extent of his land. 1685 in W. Mackay & G. S. Laing Rec. Inverness (1924) II. 332 That the nonsolvents may be put at to pay their proportiones according to their bonds. 1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire (Philol. Soc.) 127 Pit-at, to dun; as ‘The bankers beginnin' t' pit-at him for the bill’. 1907 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. IV. iii. 73 Argyle advised Carstares that Simon should not be put at for this. 1956 C. M. Costie Benjie's Bodle 130 Agnes wisno hard-pitten at for money. to put on —— 1. transitive. To entrust or commit to the ruling or verdict of. Chiefly (now only) reflexive. Frequently in to put oneself on one's (also the) country (see country n. 7). Now chiefly historical.In early use occasionally more generally: †to commit oneself to (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear causes [verb (intransitive)] > submit to trial by jury to put oneself on one's (also the) countrya1425 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > commit oneself to the verdict of to put on ——a1425 to put upon ——a1470 a1425 Long Charter of Christ, C Text (Royal 17 C.xvii) (1901) l. 607 (MED) On holy wryte I may put me, Wedyre I be curtas or noȝt to þe. c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 33 (MED) The tenaunt shal putten hym on God and on the oth of xij men goode, lawful, and trewe..which of hem hath more right to holden the tenement axed. a1635 R. Sibbes Learned Comm. 2 Cor. i. (1655) xii. 303 When he [sc. Abraham] had put himself on God, and left his Countrey, and his fathers house, God guided him. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 532 The King being now resolved to live on his revenue, without putting himself on a Parliament, he was forced on a great reduction of expence. 1869 W. Longman Hist. Edward III I. ii. 39 Thomas de Berkeley, accused..‘put himself on his country’, and was consequently tried by a jury of twelve men. 1948 C. C. Olson & M. M. Crow Chaucer's World i. 16 Ralph denied any grounds for John's assault; they put themselves on the country. 1977 J. B. Given Society & Homicide 13th-cent. Eng. v. 97 One person who refused to put himself on a jury was returned to prison. Another man, who also refused to submit to a jury trial, was allowed to abjure the realm. 2002 Law & Hist. Rev. 20 19 A defendant who denied plaintiff's description of the covenant could put himself on a jury or wage his law to prove his denial. †2. intransitive. Scottish. To urge; to importune. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune depressc1400 nurnc1400 pressc1440 labourc1450 instancea1513 instanta1513 importune1530 to lie at, upon1535 apply1559 urge1568 importunate1574 ply1581 to put on ——?a1600 flagitate1623 besiege1712 earwig1804 bone1856 tout1920 S.O.S.a1936 opportune1941 ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 368 How everie wyfe on vther puttis, Bidding the bischop pay for his guttis. 3. intransitive. Of a cab or its driver: to join (a rank). Cf. to put on 10 at Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare. ΚΠ 1860 Times 9 June 11/5 He afterwards put on the rank on Holborn-hill, and then took a fare to the Waterloo Station.] 1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? 22 I decide to put on a hotel rank. to put on to —— colloquial. 1. transitive. To provide (a person) with information about or knowledge of something; to ‘let (a person) in on’; to tip off about. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > pointing out > point out [verb (transitive)] > to a person refer1549 to put on to ——1846 1846 G. W. M. Reynolds Myst. London II. clxvi. 83/1 They have put us on to all that we have done up to the present time. P'raps we should do better to wait for the information that they can give us. 1876 R. M. Jephson Girl he left behind Him I. i. 22 Captain Garstang proceeded to..give him a few ‘straight tips’ and ‘put him on to a good thing’ or two. 1883 Davenport (Iowa) Weekly Gaz. 28 Nov. [He] visited the Police Station..to put the police ‘onto’ the fact that their store was burglarized Sunday night of several overcoats, [etc.]. 1902 H. G. Wells Let. 2 Sept. in H. Wilson Arnold Bennett & H. G. Wells (1960) 83 Accept I pray you my warmest thanks. And also for putting me on to that quite brilliantly done..book. 1924 A. Christie Poirot Investigates vii. 165 A friend of mine in the City put me on to a very good thing, and..I have money to burn. 1996 T. Parker Violence of our Lives i. 16 One night I told him I'd be interested in pulling a job if one was going, and asked him could he put me on to something. 2. transitive. To refer or introduce (a person) to another specified person. ΚΠ 1849 Times 20 Nov. 7/5 He said, ‘Some kind friend, I suppose, has put you on to me,’ and I took him to the station-house. 1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. xii. 227 She's niver asked you all this time, an' if she does, put her on to me. I'll keep it from her as long as I can. 1949 A. Christie Crooked House xii. 93 I could put you on to a couple of the tame psychiatrists who do jobs for us. 1989 N. Sherry Life Graham Greene I. xl. 663 He asked Parsons to put Greene on to people who would be useful to him in Mexico. 2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze xxviii. 318 ‘Who's your contact?’ ‘Bill Peterson put me onto you.’ to put out of —— Cf. to put out at Phrasal verbs 1. 1. transitive. a. To remove or expel from a place; to send or take out of somewhere.In early use sometimes: †to exclude or bar from church, synagogue, etc. (obsolete).to put out of the way: see way n.¹ and int.¹ Phrases 2h(c)(i). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession outshoveOE to do out of ——OE shovec1200 to put out of ——c1225 to cast out1297 void13.. usurpa1325 to put outa1350 outputa1382 outrayc1390 excludea1400 expulse?a1475 expel1490 to shut forth1513 to put forth1526 to turn out1546 depel?1548 disseisin1548 evict1548 exturb1603 debout1619 wincha1626 disseise1627 out-pusha1631 howster1642 oust1656 out1823 purge1825 the bum's rush1910 outplace1928 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] unteeOE to take out of ——c1175 forthdraw?a1300 out-takea1350 to take outa1382 excludec1400 dischargec1405 to get outc1432 tryc1440 extraya1450 out-have1458 to take fortha1550 extract1570 reave1640 eliciate1651 roust1658 uncork1740 to put out of ——1779 to break out1840 c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 578 (MED) Ah he forgulte him anan, þurh þe eggunge of eue, & wes iput sone ut of paraise selhðen. c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1073 (MED) Þine barouns..sschal..Put þe out of þi kinges sete And sette him stede inne þine. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges ix. 41 Gaal & hise felawis he putte out of þe cite [L. expulit de urbe], ne in it he suffride to dwellyn. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §27 Thilke penau[n]ce..is in two maneres, as to be put out of holy chirche in lente. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) John xii. 2 That thei schulden not be put out of [L. eiicerentur] the synagoge. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 114 (MED) The preest þat put ȝewe out of Chirch, shall lede ȝew in ageyn. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxviii. 99 God..made her to become lepre, in soo moche that she was put oute of the town. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cclxxxi. 421 They can nat..put you out of your realme by their smokes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 95 They were of the Countrie of Germany, and put out of their Countrie by a maner & sort of a Lot. a1615 Balnagown MS in W. R. Baillie Breve Cron. Earlis of Ross (1850) 17 He was sinistruously and wrongously put out of the Abbay. 1677 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 395 Dr. Bathurst is no great freind to the M[aste]rs and hath said it often that many of them deserve to be put out of the house. 1779 G. Keate Sketches from Nature (ed. 2) II. 92 The new India silk handkerchief..which..he had forgot to put out of his pocket. 1853 E. E. Stuart Let. 26 Feb. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) I. 481 This has put Whiggery out of Michigan, & the cry now is Protestantism against Popery. 1874 J. A. H. Caird Notes on Sheepfarming in N.Z. iii. 23 A small door for each shearer to put his shorn sheep out of the shed, and into the counting out pens. 1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 160 They had threatened to put out of the temple anyone who espoused him. 1999 C. Tóibín Blackwater Lightship (2000) vii. 224 She can put people out of her nice house in Wexford if she likes, but she can't put people out of here. b. To drive from a person's thoughts, memory, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration to put out of ——a1250 to lay awaya1400 to set asidec1407 to lay by1439 to lay asidec1440 to let (something) walkc1450 to set apart?1473 reject1490 seclude?1531 to let go1535 to put offc1540 to set by1592 sepose1593 to think away1620 to look over ——a1640 prescind1650 seposit1657 decognize1659 inconsider1697 to set over1701 shelf1819 sink1820 shelve1847 eliminate1848 to count out1854 discounta1856 defenestrate1917 neg1987 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 39 Þet heo pute euerich worldlich þing..ut of hire heorte. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 968 Kan I naught seyn..If sorwe it putte out of hire remembraunce. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) x. xxvii. sig. C.iiij He putte all that oute of his thoughte. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 72 (MED) All suche goodis as ye haue hadde..ye haue to sone put them owt of your knowlege. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xii. 42 They..besought God, that the fawte..might be put out of remembraunce. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxix^v To obliterate and put oute of memorie that note of infamie. 1589 R. Lane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 745 I sent to Pemisapan to put suspition out of his heade, that I ment presently to goe to Crotoan. 1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events iii. 44 I have done all that I can to put this idle fantasie out of my head. 1687 R. L'Estrange tr. M. de Cervantes in Spanish Decameron 309 He could no ways..put out of her thoughts in the least, the contradiction of this unfortunate News. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 85 The Servant went for the Ale, but some Hurry in the House, which perhaps, employed her otherways, put it out of her Head; and she went up no more to him. 1769 B. Franklin London lxvii. 841 The surprize may put all out of your mind. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. xiv. 310 You said something just now that put every thing out of my head. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiii. 226 The chatter of French politics..had quite put most of the old legends out of mind. 1935 L. MacNeice Poems 13 The evil bells Put out of our heads, I think, the thought of everything else. 1974 D. Goines Daddy Cool x. 133 She didn't believe the john would have enough nerve to accost her on the street, so she just as quickly put him out of her mind. 2006 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 22 Jan. (You Mag.) 44 Any thoughts of a career in music were put out of her head by an early marriage and the arrival of her son. 2. transitive. a. To release or relieve from a condition of pain, distress, or discomfort. to put (a person or animal) out of (his or her) misery (also pain): to kill (a wounded or suffering person or animal); (also) to release (a person) from suspense or anxiety by informing him or her of something. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] areddec885 leeseOE reddOE winc1220 deliver?c1225 ridc1225 quita1250 betellc1275 casta1300 to cast outa1300 liverc1330 rescuec1330 wrechec1330 borrowc1350 to put out of ——c1350 to bring awaya1400 redea1400 wreakc1400 rescourec1425 rescousa1450 savec1480 relue1483 salue1484 redeem1488 recovera1500 redressa1500 eschewc1500 rescours1511 to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526 recourse1533 withtakec1540 redeem1549 vindicate1568 retire1578 repair1591 reprieve1605 to bring off1609 the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > kill for specific reason [verb (transitive)] > mercy killing to put out of (one's) painc1375 to put (a person or animal) out of (his or her) misery (also pain)1792 euthanatize1873 euthanize1975 c1350 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 58 (MED) Godes holi modir..In pais þou put vs out of paine, Turnand þe name of eue againe. c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 716 (MED) I puit ȝou holly out of drede. a1500 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 173 To be put owt of dystress. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlvi. 154 His grete youthe put hym out of his sorow. 1685 W. Clark Grand Tryal vii. 48 Since thou canst..by one word destroy This Creature, why shouldst so much time employ In Torturing of it..And not by one blow put me out of pain. 1792 J. Woodforde Diary 16 May (1927) III. 351 My poor old Horse, Punch..was shot by Ben this Morning to put him out of his Misery. 1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies xxiv. 183 After the first shot or two, we had reconciledit to our feelings, by the old plea of puttingthe poor animal out of his misery. 1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! III. xii. 353 Writhing in his great horror, he called to Cary to kill him and put him out of his misery. 1915 E. Corri Thirty Years Boxing Referee 175 The way in which a gamekeeper puts a rabbit out of pain. 1923 G. Atherton Black Oxen xxvi. 145 Tell them all about it... Put them out of their misery. 1936 R. Frost Further Range 33 To put these people at one stroke out of their pain. 1995 T. Parks Ital. Educ. 152 [They] find an early lizard with one leg missing, and there is the usual discussion about whether to put the thing out of its misery. b. To remove from, or cause to be no longer in, a specified condition.to put out of countenance: see countenance n.¹ 6b. to put out of joint: see joint n.¹ 2. to put a person's nose out of joint: see nose n. Phrases 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition > put out of a state or condition to put out of ——c1425 pluckc1475 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2004 (MED) Sche put hem out of al suspeccioun, For openly þer was no tokne sene. c1480 in D. Gray & E. G. Stanley Middle Eng. Stud. (1983) 141 But yff we be r[e]formede, I put yow out of dowte, The lylye wyll avoyde vs that we shall hytt neuer see. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxv To put the matter out of doubt. 1660 S. Pepys Diary 9 Mar. (1970) I. 84 I made a promise..to drink no strong drink this week, for I find that it..puts me quite out of order. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 34 Which put the Vizier so out of Patience. 1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. Self-deceit in Wks. (1874) II. 481 Who would choose to be put out of humour with himself? a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) iii. 141 Enough to put us out of Conceit of such Defenders. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvi. 685 The English Commons had sometimes put him out of temper. 1884 Manch. Examiner 15 May 5/4 The opposition of the Board of Trade..put that out of the question. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out v. 77 By one of those accidents which are liable to happen at sea, the whole course of their lives was now put out of order. 1942 C. Headlam Diary 23 Apr. in S. Ball Parl. & Politics in Age Churchill & Attlee (1999) viii. 308 [They] succeeded in blowing holes in the bottom of Queen Elisabeth and a cruiser, putting them out of action for months. 1999 J. R. Nicolson Shetland Fishermen ii. 29 The skipper's first task was to put the engine out of gear. 3. transitive. a. To force (a person) from the state of being in possession of something; to do out of something. In later use chiefly: to deprive of work or business. ΚΠ a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 48 (MED) Me wole..puten þe widuten of alle þine þincge.] 1399 Rolls of Parl. (2005) III. 423/2 It es noght my wille that..I wold disherit any man..no put hym out of that that he has and has had by the gude lawes and custumes of the rewme. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 7340 (MED) Þai wit-in a tuel-moth stage War put vte o þair heritage. 1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 45/1 Oure Soverain Lorde..was robbed and dispoyled and put oute of his..godys. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 23 (MED) After þe synne, he put me out of myne heritage. 1623–6 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Exauthorate, to put men of warre out of wages. 1672 T. Manley Νομοθετης: Cowell's Interpreter sig. Z2b Disheritor, one that disinheriteth, or puts another out of his Inheritance. 1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino v. 8 The Landlord cannot forfeit the Farm to him, he cannot put him out of his Inheritance. 1792 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (new ed.) vii. 249 A number of men with their families..had been put out of employment and subsistence. 1866 S. B. Warner Word I. xvii. 219 Driven from home, her boy put out of his birthright, disowned and disgraced, she felt no doubt very forlorn. 1936 N.Y. Woman 23 Sept. 48/3 Praying for the time when cellophane puts the cleaners out of business. 1995 Wired June 211/1 The Luddite cottagers thought it was inhuman to be put out of work by machines. b. To depose or dismiss from office or authority. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] outOE deposec1300 remuec1325 to put out1344 to set downc1369 deprivec1374 outputa1382 removea1382 to throw outa1382 to put downc1384 privea1387 to set adowna1387 to put out of ——?a1400 amovec1425 disappoint1434 unmakec1475 dismiss1477 dispoint1483 voidc1503 to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546 relieve1549 cass1550 displace1553 unauthorize1554 to wring out1560 seclude1572 eject1576 dispost1577 decass1579 overboard1585 cast1587 sequester1587 to put to grass1589 cashier1592 discompose1599 abdicate1610 unseat1611 dismount1612 disoffice1627 to take off1642 unchair1645 destitute1653 lift1659 resign1674 quietus1688 superannuate1692 derange1796 shelve1812 shelf1819 Stellenbosch1900 defenestrate1917 axe1922 retire1961 the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] > take upon oneself > to expel or remove from office to put out of ——?a1400 eject1576 to take off1745 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 112 (MED) He exiled þam & schent, Þat had kept þe land þorgh Mald þe Emperice; Þat were hir wele willand were putt out of office. c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 171 Thanne be he put out of [Fr. enouste] his offys in the maner afornseyd. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xvi. f. ciij When I am put out of my stewardshippe. ?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 390 Serg[ean]t Wylde..after many services was putt out of his place of Chiefe Baron by the Prot[ecto]r. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §102. 468/2 The King..of Bohemia..is proscribed and put out of his Electorship. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 474 [The Duke of York] moved that the Duke of Monmouth should be put out of all command. 1837 Times 28 Aug. 2/5 We should almost be afraid lest the ‘girl’..should take it into her head some fine morning to put him out of office. 1895 New Eng. Mag. Feb. 700/1 Instead of denouncing the criminals who govern our cities, the decent citizens ought first to put the criminals out of office. 1914 N. D. Harris Intervention & Colonization Afr. i. 10 Disraeli..was put out of office in 1880 because his acts failed to meet with popular favor. 1938 C. A. Ellwood Hist. Social Philos. xxiii. 364 He was put out of his position in 1844. 1993 R. M. Thomas & A. Diver-Stamnes What Wrongdoers Deserve iii. 34 The congressman was obviously lying, so he deserves to be put out of office. to put upon —— 1. transitive. = to put on —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 2. Chiefly (now only) reflexive. Frequently in to put oneself upon one's (also the) country (see country n. 7). Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > judge or determine judicially [verb (transitive)] > commit oneself to the verdict of to put on ——a1425 to put upon ——a1470 a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 165 Yondir is a knyght..Lette hit be putt uppon hym, and as he demeth hit, so shall hit be. 1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. xxiii. 83 Thou..hast beene endicted of such a felonie and thereof arraigned, thou hast pleaded not guiltie, and put thy selfe vpon God and thy Countrie, they haue found thee guiltie. 1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides (1679) 110 And for his Tryal hath put himself upon God and the Countrey, which Countrey you are. 1793 ‘A Barrister at Law’ Treat. Law & Proc. Cases High Treason iv. 118 A peer cannot waive his trial by peers, and put himself upon the country, that is upon twelve freeholders. 1811 W. Scott in Misc. Prose Wks. (1835) XVII. xii. 307 The verses prefixed announce a determination in the author to step out of the common road of composition, and to put himself upon his country for the issue of his trespass. 1965 Times 7 Dec. 13/3 In criminal offences a man has the right to ‘put himself upon the country’. †2. intransitive. Scottish. To urge; to importune. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > urgently or persistently pressa1425 instandc1450 to put at ——1534 importune1548 push1595 to put upon ——a1617 drum1833 what-the-hell1924 opportune1941 a1617 J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1827) 21 It were time for us, by prayer, to put upon our master-pilot, Jesus, and to cry, ‘Master, save us; we perish’. 1630 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. vii. 54 It were time for us, by prayer, to put upon our master-pilot Jesus, and to cry, ‘Master, save us: we perish.’ 3. intransitive (a) To impose on, take advantage of (a person), to victimize. †(b) To play a joke or trick on (a person), to fool, dupe Obsolete.Chiefly in prepositional passive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > trick, hoax [verb (transitive)] jape1362 bejape1377 play1562 jugglea1592 dally1595 trick1595 bore1602 jadea1616 to fool off1631 top1663 whiska1669 hocus1675 to put a sham upon1677 sham1677 fun?1685 to put upon ——1687 rig1732 humbug1750 hum1751 to run a rig1764 hocus-pocus1774 cram1794 hoax1796 kid1811 string1819 to play off1821 skylark1823 frisk1825 stuff1844 lark1848 kiddy1851 soap1857 to play it (on)1864 spoof1889 to slip (something) over (on)1912 cod1941 to pull a person's chain1975 game1996 society > authority > strictness > make more strict or severe [verb (transitive)] > exact too much from exact1564 to put upon ——1857 1687 A. Behn Amours Philander & Silvia 237 She bid him furnish himself with all he wanted;..but he fear'd himself put upon, which..made him less consider than he would perhaps otherwise have done. 1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia iii. i. 47 He shall use me no more like a Dog: he shall put upon me no longer. 1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iii. i. 24 Sir Joseph has found out your Trick, and does not care to be put upon. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. vi. 113 [He] advised him not to carry the Jest too far, for he would not endure being put upon . View more context for this quotation 1748 C. Dibdin Lionel & Clarissa ii. ii. 28 I'm come of people that won'd'nt see me put upon; there are those that wou'd take my part against the proudest he in the land. c1830 M. M. Sherwood Houlston Tracts III. lxxxi. 10 I was so far up to Anne Simpson, that..I would not be put upon by her. 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. ii. 54 ‘I should not have fancied Miss Harvey the sort of person to set up herself in defiance of me.’ ‘The more reason, Sir, if you'll forgive me, for your not putting upon her.’ 1890 Mrs. H. Wood House of Halliwell II. iii. 58 You remember..how she used to put upon me. 1910 E. H. Cooper Newmarket Squire 52 The French maid was very old, the English cook young and gay and strongly opposed to being ‘put upon’. 1990 J. Y. Brooks Guests of Emperor i. xxv. 304 She felt both frightened and put upon. 2006 Company Nov. 220/2 Someone who owes you big time tries to put upon you yet again, but don't let them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c1300n.²1629n.³1688v.OE
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putn.1

putn.2

Compounds

putn.3

putv.

Phrases

Phrasal verbs

putn.¹

putn.²

putn.³