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单词 behalf
释义

behalfn.

Brit. /bᵻˈhɑːf/, U.S. /bəˈhæf/, /biˈhæf/
Forms:

α. Middle English behalue, Middle English bihalue, Middle English bihalve, Middle English bihelue, Middle English byhalue, Middle English byhalve, Middle English–1500s behalve, late Middle English beholve, 1500s behave; also Scottish pre-1700 behalue, pre-1700 behalve, pre-1700 behaw.

β. Middle English– behalf, late Middle English behalff, late Middle English behoef, late Middle English byhalfe, late Middle English–1500s bihalf, late Middle English–1600s behalfe, 1500s behalffe, 1500s behaulf, 1500s behaulfe; also Scottish pre-1700 behaiff, pre-1700 behalf, pre-1700 behalfe, pre-1700 behalff, pre-1700 behaulf.

plural late Middle English bihalvez, 1500s–1600s behalfes, 1500s– behalfs, 1600s behalues, 1600s– behalves; also Scottish pre-1700 behalfis.
Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: be- prefix, half n.
Etymology: Apparently < be- prefix + half n., after bihalve prep. and adv., bihalves prep. and adv., and on (also in) a person's half at half n. Phrases 1b. Compare also by a person's half at half n. Phrases 1b(b) (rare; compare quot. c1330 at half n. Phrases 1b(b)).The word may have arisen from a prepositional phrase with by prep., although the phrase by half does not appear in fact to be attested in a corresponding sense. In the α. forms continuing the inflected form of the noun after a preposition (showing the reflex of an original dative singular; compare the β. forms at half n.). In the β. forms (chiefly from the 15th cent. onwards) after the uninflected form of the noun; see α. forms at half n. and compare discussion at half n. Use where the possessive denotes more than one person. Like the earlier phrase on (also in) a person's half at half n. Phrases 1b, in early use the word always has the second element in the singular even when the possessive denotes more than one person (in e.g. on our behalf ); the plural form remains significantly less common. In sense 1b use of the plural seems to be a little more common (compare in all behalfs at sense 1b). Use with prepositions. Some usage guides and commentators have distinguished between the constructions with preposition in and on , recommending the avoidance of on in sense 2c. This distinction does not appear ever to have been widely observed, but is still occasionally found in the United States.
Only in constructions with preceding preposition (frequently with possessive).
I. Senses to do with abstract relationships.
1. in (†the) behalf of; in my (also your, his, her, etc.) behalf.
a. In the name of a person, organization, etc.; as the agent or representative of; for. U.S. in later use.Cf. sense 2a, and in a person's half at half n. Phrases 1b(a).
ΘΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > as deputy or representative [phrase] > on behalf of or in the name of
on behalf of1303
in behalf ofc1320
in ——'s namec1325
a (also in, of) party1372
in my voicea1616
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 192 (MED) Þe seuen wise þai grette In þemperours bihelue.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 38 We forbede him in almiȝti Goddis behalue..þe entre of þe kirk.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cviii. 130 Ther is no persone in his behalfe, that wyll stoppe you of your way.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida (1623) v. iii. 22 And rob in the behalfe of charitie.
1722 W. Willymott in tr. Thomas à Kempis Of Imitation of Christ To Rdr. sig. A4v To the Statute-Breakers, I, in the behalf of good King Henry, enjoyn as a Penance, the reading and considering well one Chapter of the Imitation..every Morning before their Coffee.
1863 Jrnl. 80th Ann. Convent. Protestant Episcopal Church Maryland 57 The undersigned, in behalf of the Record Committee of the Diocese, has the honor to make the following report.
1908 Catholic Encycl. IV. 657/1 These associations enjoined upon their members various duties in behalf of the departed, such as..giving assistance to the alms-folks.
1991 R. Rainey in J. Monfasani & R. G. Musto Renaissance Society & Culture xiv. 224 Having been cited to appear before the judge inquiring into such cases, Lucia's lawyer appeared in her behalf.
b. With respect to; regarding. Chiefly in in this (or that) behalf: in this (or that) respect; in this (or that) matter. Formerly also in †in all behalfs: in all respects (obsolete).In later use usually formal, esp. in legal contexts.Cf. sense 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > in respect of or with regard to
in wise ofc1290
by (also for) reason ofa1350
as to (the) regard ofc1392
in regard of or toc1392
upon the side ofa1393
with regard toc1392
in respect of?a1425
in this (also that) behalf1458
upon the feat of1483
for (the) respect of1489
as pertains to1526
in order to1526
with respect1556
ad idem1574
on this behalf1581
in or with reference to1593
quoad hoc1601
in point of1605
with intuition to (of)1626
in the mention of1638
in terms of1704
how and about1753
as regards1797
as concerns1816
w.r.t.1956
1427 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 263 Þe wardeins and oþer persones..suche as by lyklihode shuld have most knowleche in þat behalf.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xv. sig. Ciiijv Takyng of gode kepe vpon hys peple in this byhalue.
1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. B.3 In this behalfe we be bounde to folowe nature as a gyde.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 310 The cases of Pericles & Pompeius [were] muchewhat of a rate in all behalfes.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iii. iii. 65 Not hoping to finde him cruell in his behalfe..but rather fauorable.
1621 First & Second Bk. Discipline (Church of Scotl.) 84 To assist and fortifie the godly proceedings of the Kirk in all behalfes.
1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 316 Our statute law, in this behalf..is directed by the same spirit.
1824 in Petition W. L. Mackenzie, Executor to Estate R. Randall (Legislative Assembly Canada) (1852) 7 I..am otherwise qualified..to be elected and returned Member, in the Commons' House of Assembly, according to the tenor and true meaning of the Act of Parliament in that behalf.
1989 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 8 Aug. (City ed.) (Clearwater Times section) 2 This is a battle I began waging five years ago. You even published one of my letters in this behalf.
2020 Indian Express (Nexis) 9 Oct. In such matters utmost confidentiality is required to be maintained. In our view, the High Court completely failed in that behalf.
c. In the interests of; in support of; for the benefit of.Cf. sense 2c.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > in support of or on the side of [phrase]
in favour of1556
in behalf ofa1616
1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia 104 in J. Smith Map of Virginia I haue presumed to say this much in his behalfe for that I never heard such foule slaunders, so certainely beleeued, and vrged for truthes by many a hundred, that doe still not spare to spread them.
c1613 ( in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 17 My Lord Chauncler has given in commaundment..to make prossis against my Coussin Godfrey..: and therfore provide by your wisdome such remmede in his behalfe, as you semes best.
1736 Bayle's Gen. Dict. Hist. & Crit. (new ed.) IV. 129/1 He spoke one day in behalf of Justice, and the next day against it.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xv. 134 She should immediately have interposed in his Behalf . View more context for this quotation
1897 Denver Evening Post 31 Mar. 4/1 It is said that the devil looks after his own and there can be no question..that he has been particularly active and enthusiastic in the behalf of Doyle, Fidel and Young.
1902 G. S. Shuckburgh Hist. Rome xxxi. 515 The historian Polybius, who used his credit among the nobility at Rome in their behalf.
2014 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 4 Apr. This position has allowed me to rub shoulders with the most incredible, selfless and dedicated individuals who work tirelessly in behalf of our students.
2. on (also upon) (the) behalf of; on (also upon) my (also your, his, her, etc.) behalf.
a. In the name of a person, organization, etc.; as the agent or representative of; for.Cf. sense 1a, on a person's half at half n. Phrases 1b(a).
ΘΠ
society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > as deputy or representative [phrase] > on behalf of or in the name of
on behalf of1303
in behalf ofc1320
in ——'s namec1325
a (also in, of) party1372
in my voicea1616
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 589 (MED) Þenne seis Seraphe, ‘scheuȝ me myn hache’..‘Haue her-on,’ seis þe white kniht, ‘vppon my bihalue; God sende þe þis’.
1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 1st Roll §59. m. 17 And gafen hem fulle auctorite..for to say the wordes that we salle say to yowe in her name and on thair be halve.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 68 So say ye to hym on my behalue.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. xxv. 6 Salute him frendly on my behalfe.
1608 S. Hieron 6 Serm. ii. 28 The apostle is a suter to God on the behalfe of the Ephesians.
1685 in J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. (1792) I. 511 It shall and may be lawful to and for the English, or any on their behalfs, to apprehend the said Indians.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 429 Things which a servant may do on behalf of his master..proceed upon this principle, that the master is answerable for the act of his servant, if done by his command, either expressly given, or implied.
1872 T. Rogers in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 14/2 The labour of a stockbroker consists in purchasing securities on behalf of his customers.
1977 H. Sanoff Methods Archit. Programming 175 Traditional design consists of a process of people making decisions on the behalf of other people.
1985 Alcalde (Univ. Texas) Sept.–Oct. 25/3 Major George W. Littlefield, acting as chairman, extended a welcome upon behalf of the city.
2008 Wall St. Jrnl. 11 Dec. a16/5 Drug dealers and gang members may be encouraged to recruit..youngsters who commit crimes on their behalf.
†b. With respect to; regarding. Also on this (also that) behalf: in this (or that) respect; in this (or that) matter. Obsolete.Cf. sense 1b.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > in relation to [phrase] > in respect of or with regard to
in wise ofc1290
by (also for) reason ofa1350
as to (the) regard ofc1392
in regard of or toc1392
upon the side ofa1393
with regard toc1392
in respect of?a1425
in this (also that) behalf1458
upon the feat of1483
for (the) respect of1489
as pertains to1526
in order to1526
with respect1556
ad idem1574
on this behalf1581
in or with reference to1593
quoad hoc1601
in point of1605
with intuition to (of)1626
in the mention of1638
in terms of1704
how and about1753
as regards1797
as concerns1816
w.r.t.1956
1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §20. m. 10 That the seid partie compleynyng, be preferred to have execution before eny seiser for the kyng to be hadde on this behalf, notwithstondyng that they that shall so make defaute, shall be atteint of treason.
1534 tr. Lyndewode's Constit. Prouincialles i. 10 Yt is forbeden by the law..without the popes dyspensacion before had on that behalfe.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 431 Your utter destruction, which..is much to be feared on your behalfes.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxvii. 21 It shall be a statute for euer..on the behalfe of [Coverdale among] the children of Israel. View more context for this quotation
1623 W. Lisle Test. Antiq. Introd. The common taught doctrine of the Church of England on this behalfe.
1697 M. Tindal Ess. Concerning Power of Magistrate 199 It's evident the King's Licence is antecedently necessary to their making..any new Canons; and that they are to be punished, unless they have the King's Authority on that behalf.
c. In the interests of; in support of; for the benefit of.Cf. sense 1c.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [phrase] > to or for the advantage of
in favour of1556
to (also for) the behalf of1562
in the interest (interests) of1716
for the benefit of1752
on behalf of1791
1682 R. L'Estrange Observator 16 Sept. This Mouthing Vociferator, on the behalf of Juries, as the most Precious Badges of English Liberty, is himself the Subverter of them.
1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. ii. 215 That very Transcendence, said he, is an Argument on its behalf.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 87 I will not interpose on their behalf.
1854 Edinb. Christian Mag. 6 No. 1. 4/1 The liberal man occupies his thoughts, and exerts his energies, and devotes his time on behalf of the poor.
1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) xx. 174 A petition on behalf of Sydney was sent to the House of Commons.
1923 Daily Mail 24 May 8 Mr. William Jennings Bryan..has been exerting the full force of his great eloquence in a campaign on behalf of what is termed ‘Fundamentalism’.
2003 C. J. Adams in H. Williams Ethics of Diet p. xi Some new arguments on behalf of vegetarianism have appeared, prompted by the emergence of factory farming.
d. On the part of. Preceded by a noun (often one denoting a feeling or attitude) and used to indicate the person, organization, etc., experiencing or responsible for this, e.g. reluctance on behalf of someone, a mistake on someone's behalf, etc.
Π
1835 C. A. Mylius Let. 10 Apr. in Mémoire pour Habitans de l'île Maurice (1836) App. xxii. 105 The Registry Law, when first received, was a very unpopular one, and complied with with that reluctance, on behalf of the Inhabitants, which any unwelcome innovation usually creates.
1972 Fuel & Energy Resources Pt. 1: Hearings before Comm. Interior & Insular Affairs (U.S. House of Representatives, 92nd Congr., 2nd Sess.) 164 I would just like to observe that I detect a slight note of cynicism on behalf of the gentleman with regard to long-range predictions.
1989 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 26 June (Late ed.) 1 We all make mistakes, and that was a big mistake on my behalf.
2016 L. P. Muller in K. Friis & J. Ringsmose Conflict in Cyber Space vii. 121 This is not unwillingness on behalf of the private sector to cooperate with the public sector.
†3. in (also on) one's behalf: as far as one is concerned; for one's own part. Obsolete.Cf. in a person's half at half n. Phrases 1b(b).
Π
a1400 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Egerton) l. 4131 In thy behalf [c1330 Auch. Wiltow graunte be þen helue, Þat ich and þow mote fiȝte vs selue?]
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (1872) §2987 Tellynge hem on youre bihalue [c1425 Petworth bihalf, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 behalue] þat if they wole trete of pees..þat they shape hem..to comen vn-to vs.
1475 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) App. 314/1 in Parl. Papers (C. 673) XXXIII. 337 As we thynke ye in your behalf lykewyse disposid and reformed as late hit hath lykyd your gentylnys and louylynys to wrete so on to us by your letters and credens.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 858 In like wise, to sey yow in substance, On here behalf she was somwhat dismayde.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 8 They turkys wyl surely say on theyr behalfe that theyr lyfe ys most natural & polytyke..the sarasyn contrary apon hys behalfe wyl defend hys pollycy.
†4. of the behalf of; of my (also your, his, her, etc.) behalf.
a. In the name of a person, organization, etc.; as the agent or representative of; for. Obsolete.Cf. senses 1a, 2a.
Π
1415 in L. T. Smith York Plays (1885) p. xxxiv (MED) We comand of ye kynges behalue and ye Mair and ye shirefs of yis Citee yat no mann go armed.
1532 Mother of Nurture in Wks. G. Chaucer f. ccxxxiiiiv/2 I haue besought my ladyes sapyence Of thy behalfe, to accept in game Thyn inabylite.
?1567 M. Parker Def. Priestes Mariages 90 If there be anie Priestes..whiche doe lie in the crime of fornication: we forbidde them or interdicte them of the behalfe of God the father almightie..once to entre the Churche, till thei be repentant.
b. On a person's part or side. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > in his, its, etc., self > for one's own part
a (also in, of) party1372
for one's (own) parta1393
of his behalfa1500
for one's particular1565
on (also upon) one's own account1609
for my (his, etc.) share1643
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xv. 241 The londe that cometh of youre be-halue ne may I not lese.
?1518 Virgilius sig. aiiijv This Remus had a Knyght of his moders behalfe.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Rv The loue and honoure whiche of theire behalfe is dewe to God.
1583 M. M. S. tr. B. de las Casas Spanish Colonie sig. G2 Let it nowe bee considered, and well weyed,..what are the good examples of Christianitie of the behalfe of the Spanishe, that sayle to the Indies?
†5. to (or for) the behalf of; to (or for) my (also your, his, her, etc.) behalf: to the interest or advantage of; for the benefit of. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [phrase] > to or for the advantage of
in favour of1556
to (also for) the behalf of1562
in the interest (interests) of1716
for the benefit of1752
on behalf of1791
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Diiv My damoisell Selfloue..whom woorthily I holde therfore in steede of my syster: so busely she trauaileth to my behalfe in euery place.
1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth f. 6, in Apol. Priuate Masse Ye neuer affirmed masse to be priuate, but to pertaine to the behalfe of all states and sortes of men.
1566 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 255 For the behave of my wif and children.
a1607 A. Dent Opening of Heauen Gates (1610) sig. B2 He it is that..causeth trees, herbes, flowers, and euery little grasse to sprout and spring, to the behalfe of all liuing creatures.
1662 A. Brome Rump (new ed.) i. 292 Now here doth lurk the key of the work, And how to dispose of the Crown Dexteriously, and as it may be For your behalf and our own.
†II. Senses to do with physical location.
6. With reference to geographical location: side. In quot. in on this behalf: on this side of. Obsolete.
ΘΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition]
on behalf ofc1503
c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold Chron. f. x/1 Other sherefs on this behalfe trente.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).
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