purgativeadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈpəːɡətɪv/, U.S.

/ˈpərɡədɪv/

Forms: Middle English purgatif, Middle English purgatyf, Middle English purgatyue, 1500s–1600s purgatiue, 1500s– purgative.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purgatif; Latin purgativus.

Etymology: < Middle French purgatif (French purgatif ) that causes purgation, laxative (1372 in a medical context; the corresponding use as noun in sense B. 1 is apparently not paralleled until 1669), serving to cleanse and purify (1530) and its etymon post-classical Latin purgativus that causes purgation (5th cent.), serving to cleanse or purify (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin pūrgāt- , past participial stem of pūrgāre purge v.¹ + -īvus -ive suffix. In sense B. 1 after post-classical Latin purgativum purgative medicine (13th cent. in a British source). Compare Spanish purgativo (first half of the 15th cent.), Portuguese purgativo (15th cent.), Italian purgativo (a1320).

A. adj.

1. Medicine. That causes purgation (purgation n. 4a); spec. that causes emptying of the bowels, (strongly) laxative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [adjective] > purgative

outrunningeOE

laxativea1398

purgativea1398

openinga1400

abstersive?a1425

purging?c1425

solublec1503

minorative1543

purgy1562

relaxing1562

solutive1564

benedict1576

aperitive1582

scouring1597

apertive1605

dejective1605

relaxative1611

subductory1620

calastic1621

aperient1626

cathartic1639

dejectory1640

relaxant1651

spurginga1652

cathartical1656

anastomotic1657

ecphractic1657

ecphractical1657

rhyptical1657

rhyptic1659

loosening1665

eccathartic1681

fluxing1702

chalastic1704

loosinga1722

hypactic1753

evacuatory1789

evacuant1800

relaxatory1925

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 81^v Þe pacient..schal be laten blood & vse metisines purgatif [L. medicina purgatiua].

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 158 (MED) A medicyne purgatyue..is þat þat auoideþ yuel chyme.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 96 (MED) Vche sawle..hauys..vij strenghes; of stryngthe attractyue, and retractyf, of stryngthe digestyf, and purgatyf, of strengthe nutrityf, and infirmatyf, and sustantyf.

1588 J. Read tr. F. Arcaeus Compend. Method i. v. f. 17^v I will adde that purgative medicine which Hippocrates willeth to be given.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 57 What Rubarb, Cyme, or what Purgatiue drugge Would scowre these English hence.

1631 E. Jorden Disc. Nat. Bathes vii. 41 The purgatiue faculty of medicines.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 248 The Juice of an unripe Cucumber is purgative.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxx. 416 A purgative pill was administered.

1877 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Chem. II. 605 Convolvulin..is a gummy mass having a strong purgative action.

1926 Amer. Mercury July 328/1 Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was equally well known..as the designer of a purgative combination of jalap and calomel.

1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse x. 137 The local water was brackish and purgative.

1991 R. J. Pankhurst & J. M. Mullin Flora of Outer Hebrides (BNC) 57 Martin recorded several plants which indicated diuretic properties, some of which had purgative effects.

a. Serving to cleanse or purify, esp. morally or spiritually; that frees of sin or evil; (Theology) designating the first stage of spiritual advancement.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > relating to moral purification > morally purifying

purgatory?c1225

cleansinga1300

purgatoryc1390

purgative1489

purificatory1610

purgatorial1632

1489 W. Caxton De Roye's Doctrinal of Sapyence xix. sig. Dvij^v First venial sinne byndeth the persone to peine, not determinatly ne precisely to peine perdurable, but to peyne purgatyf. & of present affeccion.

1595 G. Chapman Ouids Banquet of Sence sig. B2^v Sacred Nepenthe, purgatiue of care, And soueraine Rumex that doth rancor kill.

1610 W. Crashaw Serm. preached in London sig. A2 There is a threefold kinde of physicke wee receiue from Christ... First, purgatiue, to purge our soules from the corrupt humours and the infectious staine of sinne.

1671 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa i. xxii. 144 After many yeares first passed through the Purgative way, and some advance made in the Illuminative.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 254 Among the Vertues some are Purgative, and some are Perfective.

1751 G. Lavington Enthusiasm Methodists & Papists: Pt. III 364 By the purgative and illuminating Way, she attains to the Unitive.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics II. ix. ii. 141 A certain time-honoured division of the mystical process into Purgative, Illuminative, and Unitive.

1896 C. K. Paul tr. J.-K. Huysman En Route ii. v. 240 This idea of a purgative life after death is so natural..that all religions assume it.

1933 J. Hilton Lost Horizon i. 36 There was an aspect of it which he sometimes enjoyed—an excitement, a purgative effect upon sluggish emotions.

2003 H. Henke & F. Reno Mod. Polit. Culture in Caribbean v. 130 An (albeit painful) purgative process of confession, revelation and forgiveness.

†b. Of or relating to purgatory. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of or relating to purgatory

purgatoryc1390

purgatorialc1429

purgative1593

purgatoriana1624

purgatorious1659

1593 T. Bell Motives Romish Faith ii. vii. 101 The great perplexitie of papistes, concerning this their purgative imagination.

B. n.

1. Medicine. A purgative medicine; spec. a laxative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative

laxativec1386

abstersive?a1425

purgative?a1425

lax1526

purgation1527

cleanser1528

looser1528

laskc1540

purger1558

solutory1561

scouring1575

expulsive1576

purge1593

solutive1605

opener1610

physica1616

calastic1621

loosener1630

minorative1633

relaxativea1637

cathartic1651

eccoprotic1656

vacuative1656

aperitive1671

spurger1681

aperient1682

hypercathartic1706

chalastic1708

scourer1718

drastic1783

solvent1815

purgament1828

dejector1831

laxation1897

mochlic1907

jollop1955

poop-pusher1966

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 36^v Cure of cancre..2a. intencion is complete with purgatyuez [?c1425 Paris purgynge medecynes].

1638 tr. F. Bacon Hist. Life & Death 192 Moderate Purgatives work on the humours, not the spirits, as sweat doth.

1772 W. Buchan Domest. Med. (ed. 2) xxxix. 508 Small quantities of salt and water, or some other mild purgative.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 433 We prefer cold drawn castor-oil as a purgative.

1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 447/1 If the animal is in a plethoric condition administer a purgative. A pint of linseed oil or a ball of Barbadoes aloes will answer.

1938 Amer. Home Jan. 3/3 (advt.) Why is Listerine preferred to drastic purgatives that may weaken the system?

1976 ‘J. Herriot’ Vets might Fly (1977) (BNC) 111 I..had given her a strong oily purgative. ‘Keep the bowels open and trust in God’, an elderly colleague had once told me.

2000 J. Mann Murder, Magic, & Med. (rev. ed.) iv. 211 Plant extracts have been in use for thousands of years as purgatives, emetics, anti-emetics, and appetite enhancers.

2. An agent that purifies, esp. morally or spiritually; a thing that takes away sin or evil.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification > that which

purgerc1400

purgation?1531

purifier1609

purgative1625

1625 J. Phillips Way to Heaven 39 There is no neede of humane purgatiues either for veniall sinnes, or for temporall punishment of sinnes mortall.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. xii. xi. i. §9 A proper deletery of his disgrace, and purgative of the calumny.

1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman i. 17 Civil Wars, the common Purgative, Which always use to make the Nation thrive.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 507. ¶1 Plato has called Mathematical Demonstrations the Catharticks or Purgatives of the Soul.

1759 E. Young Conjectures on Orig. Composition 98 Pope preferred a purgative of satire, which, tho' wholesome, was too painful in its operation.

1800 T. Dibdin Jew & Doctor i. i. 5 I have purgatives for pride, probes for probity, correctives for curiosity, and pills for poverty.

1899 Times 13 Mar. 12/1 At the present time the Liberal party was endeavouring to achieve office by negatives, by palliatives. They seemed to be wanting to do it by purgatives, whereas the country was wanting a tonic.

1931 Mod. Lang. Notes 46 334 Puritanism's prescription of religion mixed with patriotism as a spiritual purgative.

1993 A. R. Siddons Hill Towns (1994) i. 8 The daily subliminal infusions of honor are an effective lifelong purgative for a great many contemporary ambitions.

Derivatives

ˈpurgatively adv. as a purgative.

ΚΠ

1756 D. W. Linden Treat. Three Medicinal Min. Waters Llandrindod ii. iii. 209 The scorbutic Patient..being now enter'd upon the Course, must use this Water, both purgatively and alteratively.

1867 G. C. Hill Homespun i. 117 This autumnal magnetism works purgatively on the whole year's spiritual humors.

1991 New Musical Express (BNC) 16 Mar. 14 Music that is not as seriously, purgatively ‘innovative’ as the post-punk noise that veers towards the Rough Trade arena.

† purgativeness n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. 106 Of the plants themselves; being Climbers, whether such as are considerable for Purgativeness.

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Purgativeness, purging, purifying, or cleansing Quality.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	purgative
释义	purgativeadj.n. Brit. /ˈpəːɡətɪv/, U.S. /ˈpərɡədɪv/ Forms: Middle English purgatif, Middle English purgatyf, Middle English purgatyue, 1500s–1600s purgatiue, 1500s– purgative. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French purgatif; Latin purgativus. Etymology: < Middle French purgatif (French purgatif ) that causes purgation, laxative (1372 in a medical context; the corresponding use as noun in sense B. 1 is apparently not paralleled until 1669), serving to cleanse and purify (1530) and its etymon post-classical Latin purgativus that causes purgation (5th cent.), serving to cleanse or purify (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin pūrgāt- , past participial stem of pūrgāre purge v.¹ + -īvus -ive suffix. In sense B. 1 after post-classical Latin purgativum purgative medicine (13th cent. in a British source). Compare Spanish purgativo (first half of the 15th cent.), Portuguese purgativo (15th cent.), Italian purgativo (a1320). A. adj. 1. Medicine. That causes purgation (purgation n. 4a); spec. that causes emptying of the bowels, (strongly) laxative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [adjective] > purgative outrunningeOE laxativea1398 purgativea1398 openinga1400 abstersive?a1425 purging?c1425 solublec1503 minorative1543 purgy1562 relaxing1562 solutive1564 benedict1576 aperitive1582 scouring1597 apertive1605 dejective1605 relaxative1611 subductory1620 calastic1621 aperient1626 cathartic1639 dejectory1640 relaxant1651 spurginga1652 cathartical1656 anastomotic1657 ecphractic1657 ecphractical1657 rhyptical1657 rhyptic1659 loosening1665 eccathartic1681 fluxing1702 chalastic1704 loosinga1722 hypactic1753 evacuatory1789 evacuant1800 relaxatory1925 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 81^v Þe pacient..schal be laten blood & vse metisines purgatif [L. medicina purgatiua]. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 158 (MED) A medicyne purgatyue..is þat þat auoideþ yuel chyme. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 96 (MED) Vche sawle..hauys..vij strenghes; of stryngthe attractyue, and retractyf, of stryngthe digestyf, and purgatyf, of strengthe nutrityf, and infirmatyf, and sustantyf. 1588 J. Read tr. F. Arcaeus Compend. Method i. v. f. 17^v I will adde that purgative medicine which Hippocrates willeth to be given. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 57 What Rubarb, Cyme, or what Purgatiue drugge Would scowre these English hence. 1631 E. Jorden Disc. Nat. Bathes vii. 41 The purgatiue faculty of medicines. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 248 The Juice of an unripe Cucumber is purgative. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxx. 416 A purgative pill was administered. 1877 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Chem. II. 605 Convolvulin..is a gummy mass having a strong purgative action. 1926 Amer. Mercury July 328/1 Dr. Benjamin Rush, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was equally well known..as the designer of a purgative combination of jalap and calomel. 1951 R. Campbell Light on Dark Horse x. 137 The local water was brackish and purgative. 1991 R. J. Pankhurst & J. M. Mullin Flora of Outer Hebrides (BNC) 57 Martin recorded several plants which indicated diuretic properties, some of which had purgative effects. 2. a. Serving to cleanse or purify, esp. morally or spiritually; that frees of sin or evil; (Theology) designating the first stage of spiritual advancement. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > relating to moral purification > morally purifying purgatory?c1225 cleansinga1300 purgatoryc1390 purgative1489 purificatory1610 purgatorial1632 1489 W. Caxton De Roye's Doctrinal of Sapyence xix. sig. Dvij^v First venial sinne byndeth the persone to peine, not determinatly ne precisely to peine perdurable, but to peyne purgatyf. & of present affeccion. 1595 G. Chapman Ouids Banquet of Sence sig. B2^v Sacred Nepenthe, purgatiue of care, And soueraine Rumex that doth rancor kill. 1610 W. Crashaw Serm. preached in London sig. A2 There is a threefold kinde of physicke wee receiue from Christ... First, purgatiue, to purge our soules from the corrupt humours and the infectious staine of sinne. 1671 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa i. xxii. 144 After many yeares first passed through the Purgative way, and some advance made in the Illuminative. a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 254 Among the Vertues some are Purgative, and some are Perfective. 1751 G. Lavington Enthusiasm Methodists & Papists: Pt. III 364 By the purgative and illuminating Way, she attains to the Unitive. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics II. ix. ii. 141 A certain time-honoured division of the mystical process into Purgative, Illuminative, and Unitive. 1896 C. K. Paul tr. J.-K. Huysman En Route ii. v. 240 This idea of a purgative life after death is so natural..that all religions assume it. 1933 J. Hilton Lost Horizon i. 36 There was an aspect of it which he sometimes enjoyed—an excitement, a purgative effect upon sluggish emotions. 2003 H. Henke & F. Reno Mod. Polit. Culture in Caribbean v. 130 An (albeit painful) purgative process of confession, revelation and forgiveness. †b. Of or relating to purgatory. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of or relating to purgatory purgatoryc1390 purgatorialc1429 purgative1593 purgatoriana1624 purgatorious1659 1593 T. Bell Motives Romish Faith ii. vii. 101 The great perplexitie of papistes, concerning this their purgative imagination. B. n. 1. Medicine. A purgative medicine; spec. a laxative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative laxativec1386 abstersive?a1425 purgative?a1425 lax1526 purgation1527 cleanser1528 looser1528 laskc1540 purger1558 solutory1561 scouring1575 expulsive1576 purge1593 solutive1605 opener1610 physica1616 calastic1621 loosener1630 minorative1633 relaxativea1637 cathartic1651 eccoprotic1656 vacuative1656 aperitive1671 spurger1681 aperient1682 hypercathartic1706 chalastic1708 scourer1718 drastic1783 solvent1815 purgament1828 dejector1831 laxation1897 mochlic1907 jollop1955 poop-pusher1966 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 36^v Cure of cancre..2a. intencion is complete with purgatyuez [?c1425 Paris purgynge medecynes]. 1638 tr. F. Bacon Hist. Life & Death 192 Moderate Purgatives work on the humours, not the spirits, as sweat doth. 1772 W. Buchan Domest. Med. (ed. 2) xxxix. 508 Small quantities of salt and water, or some other mild purgative. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 433 We prefer cold drawn castor-oil as a purgative. 1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 447/1 If the animal is in a plethoric condition administer a purgative. A pint of linseed oil or a ball of Barbadoes aloes will answer. 1938 Amer. Home Jan. 3/3 (advt.) Why is Listerine preferred to drastic purgatives that may weaken the system? 1976 ‘J. Herriot’ Vets might Fly (1977) (BNC) 111 I..had given her a strong oily purgative. ‘Keep the bowels open and trust in God’, an elderly colleague had once told me. 2000 J. Mann Murder, Magic, & Med. (rev. ed.) iv. 211 Plant extracts have been in use for thousands of years as purgatives, emetics, anti-emetics, and appetite enhancers. 2. An agent that purifies, esp. morally or spiritually; a thing that takes away sin or evil. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > [noun] > moral purification > that which purgerc1400 purgation?1531 purifier1609 purgative1625 1625 J. Phillips Way to Heaven 39 There is no neede of humane purgatiues either for veniall sinnes, or for temporall punishment of sinnes mortall. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. xii. xi. i. §9 A proper deletery of his disgrace, and purgative of the calumny. 1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman i. 17 Civil Wars, the common Purgative, Which always use to make the Nation thrive. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 507. ¶1 Plato has called Mathematical Demonstrations the Catharticks or Purgatives of the Soul. 1759 E. Young Conjectures on Orig. Composition 98 Pope preferred a purgative of satire, which, tho' wholesome, was too painful in its operation. 1800 T. Dibdin Jew & Doctor i. i. 5 I have purgatives for pride, probes for probity, correctives for curiosity, and pills for poverty. 1899 Times 13 Mar. 12/1 At the present time the Liberal party was endeavouring to achieve office by negatives, by palliatives. They seemed to be wanting to do it by purgatives, whereas the country was wanting a tonic. 1931 Mod. Lang. Notes 46 334 Puritanism's prescription of religion mixed with patriotism as a spiritual purgative. 1993 A. R. Siddons Hill Towns (1994) i. 8 The daily subliminal infusions of honor are an effective lifelong purgative for a great many contemporary ambitions. Derivatives ˈpurgatively adv. as a purgative. ΚΠ 1756 D. W. Linden Treat. Three Medicinal Min. Waters Llandrindod ii. iii. 209 The scorbutic Patient..being now enter'd upon the Course, must use this Water, both purgatively and alteratively. 1867 G. C. Hill Homespun i. 117 This autumnal magnetism works purgatively on the whole year's spiritual humors. 1991 New Musical Express (BNC) 16 Mar. 14 Music that is not as seriously, purgatively ‘innovative’ as the post-punk noise that veers towards the Rough Trade arena. † purgativeness n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. 106 Of the plants themselves; being Climbers, whether such as are considerable for Purgativeness. 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Purgativeness, purging, purifying, or cleansing Quality. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1398
随便看	to press a person's buttons to press all the buttons to press all the right buttons to press canvas to press charges to press flesh to press home to press into service to press on canvas to press on regardless to press on sail to press sail to press the button to press the buttons to press the flesh to press the panic button to press the right buttons to press to death to presume of oneself to presume on, upon, or of to presume oneself to presume upon oneself to pretty up to prevail on to prevail to