| 释义 |
psalmn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin psalmus; French psalme, salme. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin psalmus (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman and Old French saume, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French psalme, Old French salme, Old French, Middle French seaume psalm (first half of the 12th cent.; Old French, Middle French, French psaume) < post-classical Latin psalmus song sung to the harp, psalm (Vulgate; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < ancient Greek ψαλμός a twitching (of the strings of the harp), the sound of the cithara or harp, in Hellenistic Greek also song sung to the harp, psalm (Septuagint and New Testament) < ψάλλειν to twitch, twang, play (with the fingers), in Hellenistic Greek also to sing to a harp (Septuagint and New Testament) (of uncertain origin, perhaps a formation within Greek) + -μός, suffix forming nouns. Compare Middle Dutch salm, salme (Dutch psalm), Middle Low German salm, salme, psalm, psalme, Old High German salm, salmo, psalm, psalmo (Middle High German salm, salme, psalm, psalme, German Psalm), Old Icelandic sálmr, psálmr, Old Swedish salmber, psalmber (Swedish psalm), Old Danish salm, psalm (Danish salme, psalme), Gothic psalmo; also Early Irish salm (Irish salm), Welsh salm (1346; < Latin or Middle English); also Old Occitan salm, salme, psalm, psalme (13th cent.; Occitan psalm), Catalan salm, psalm (late 13th cent.), Spanish salmo, psalmo (13th cent.), Italian salmo (a1292), Portuguese salmo (13th cent.).For a discussion of the variation between initial s with ps in English and other languages, see note at psalter n. The usual modern pronunciation probably results from late Middle English diphthongization of a before l plus a consonant in α. and β. forms, with subsequent loss of l in pronunciation before m (as in the pronunciation of calm adj., palm n.1, etc.), and monophthongization of au to /aː/ before m (compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§238–9). The γ. forms partly reflect French forms with vocalized l (in the case of same showing Middle English monophthongization of au to ā before m ), and partly reflect the changes in pronunciation shown by the α. and β. forms. In biblical translation or reference rendering post-classical Latin psalmus of the Vulgate, usually rendering Hebrew mizmōr ( < the base of zĕmīrāh : see zemirah n.) or těhillāh song of praise (also in post-biblical Hebrew used as the designation of the biblical psalms; < the base of hallēl praise: see Hallel n.). In Old English also occasionally with Latin case inflections; compare the following:OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 296 Hi singan þa seofan penitentiales sealmos. 1. society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > divisions of Old Testament > [noun] > Psalms > one of eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) liii. 415 Be ðæm is awriten on ðæm feower & hundnigontigoðan psalme, hit is gecweden: Wuton cuman ær his dome andettende. lOE (Faust.) 6 (table of contents) Hu fela sealma þurh þa sylfan tida sceolan beon gecwedene. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 7 (MED) Þis witeȝede dauid þe þe salm scop in þe saltere. c1225 (?OE) (Worcester) (Fragm. G) l. 19 Isæid hit is on psalme and ful soþ hit is bi hire: lingua tua concinnabat. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1086 in C. Horstmann (1887) 137 (MED) Formest he seide þe seuen salmes [a1325 Corpus Cambr. saumes] and sethþe þe letanie. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 127v It is a psalme of penaunce &..þat salme is I-titlid ‘miserere mei deus’. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 7970 Of al þe psalmes o þe sauter, þis psalme [a1400 Gött. salme] o penance has na per. c1450 (1905) II. 468 (MED) Pambo..went vnto a man þat was letterd and prayed hym to lern hym a salme. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxii. 9 This psalme is songen in þe office of ded men. 1549 (STC 16267) Table Psalmes sig. A.ii, (heading) The table for the ordre of the Psalmes, to be sayed at Matins and Euensong. 1605 G. Chapman et al. v. sig. H4 I neuer knew..Prisoners..more deuout. They will sit you vp all night singing of Psalmes. 1660 A. Wood (1891) I. 359 The singing of psalmes after supper..on the Lord's day. 1712 R. Steele No. 284. ⁋6 I had one Day set the Hundredth Psalm. 1795 W. Mason iii. 202 The Psalms..drawled out and bawled with..unmusical and unmeaning vehemence. 1856 35 They now read the psalms for the day, taking each a verse in turn. 1894 H. Caine vi. xii As Philip lay alone the soar and swell of the psalm filled the room. 1948 27 May 4/1 The civic representatives..had not got the words of the Psalm they were singing. 1973 V. C. Ike (1974) xvi. 133 Teacher did not issue empty threats, and the pot without a base could be worse punishment than copying Psalm 119. 1995 Nov. 43/1 One of my favourite parts of the service has always been the responsive psalm. society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > divisions of Old Testament > [noun] > Psalms OE (Northumbrian) xxiv. 44 Necesse est impleri omnia quæ scribta sunt in lege mosi et prophetis et psalmis de me : nedðarf is þætte se gefylledo alle ða awritteno sindon in æ moisi & witgo & salmas of mec. lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner (1917) 98 Hit is on sealmen gecweðen, ‘Se heage God gesihð þa eadmedan.’ a1325 (c1280) (Pepys 2344) (1927) 2109 (MED) Þat mot ffolffuld beo alle þing þat is Ywrite in Moyses lawe..And in þe psalmes of me. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiv. 44 Alle thingis..whiche ben writun in the lawe of Moyses and in prophetis and in salmes of me. c1450 (a1425) (Selden) 9859 (MED) He made bokes thre..cantica canticorum..Ecclesiastecen..Proverbes and psalmes þen, as þei com forto be sayd in sere degree. 1535 To Rdr. In the Psalmes we lerne how to resorte onely vnto God in all oure troubles. 1581 Acct.-Bk. W. Wray in (1896) 32 117 Another boke of St. Chrysostomes upo' the salmes. 1627 R. Sanderson 238 The abridgement is short, which some haue made of the whole booke of Psalmes but into two words, Hosannah, and Hallelujah. 1673 R. Allestree 33 God by Christ will at last destroy these Heavens, and this Earth, and change them, according to that saying in the Psalms. 1706 A. Bedford vii. 126 If the Psalms could be turned into a Rhythmical Poesy, with the Alteration only of a few Verses. 1783 J. Wesley in (1872) IV. 245 His aggrandizing the Psalms..even above the New Testament. 1817 G. D'Oyly & R. Mant Introd. The Book of Psalms..contains the productions of different writers. These..are called however the Psalms of David, because a great part of them were composed by him. 1896 W. F. Adeney ii. i. iv. 88 Even in the reading of the Psalms we cannot afford to neglect..the historical method. 1926 Apr. 432/2 A series of prayers and other pious passages, some taken from the Psalms. 1953 C. H. Patterson x. 242 The influence of Jeremiah can be seen in many parts of the Book of Psalms. 1995 18 Dec. 16/3 He learnt Hebrew in order to translate the Psalms. society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > [noun] society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > [noun] society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > hymn or song of praise eOE (Mercian) (1965) iii. 14 (20) Et psalmus nostros cantabimvs cunctis diebus uitae nostrae in domo domini : & salmas ure we singað allum degum lifes ures in huse dryhten. eOE (Mercian) (1965) xciv. 2 In psalmis iubilemus ei : in salmum wynsumie we him. a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 75 (MED) Þe salm þet heo alle þus writen wes ihaten ‘Credo’ efter þan formeste word of þe salm. c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) 179 in C. Horstmann (1887) 350 (MED) He bi-gan Ane saume þat men singuth in holie churche a-day, Þat was ‘te deum laudamus’. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Coloss. iii. 16 In salmes and ymnes..in grace syngynge in ȝoure hertis to the Lord. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lxv. 3 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 194 Alle land loute þe and sing to þe sal, And salme sai to þi name with-al. c1450 J. Capgrave (Arun. 396) (1893) Prol. 167 (MED) I wot not verely yet if it were he Þat made þe salme wiche we clepe ‘þe crede’, Whiche we at prime often-tyme synge and rede. ?c1510 tr. sig. Ciiiv Hymnes and psalmes and other orasouns haue they. 1589 G. Puttenham i. xxvi. 42 The same Musicians..greeted them both with a Psalme of new applausions. 1645 J. Milton At Solemn Musick in 22 Hymns devout and holy Psalms Singing everlastingly. 1838 H. W. Longfellow (title) A psalm of life. What the heart of the young man said to the Psalmist. 1855 W. Whitman Introd. p. iv The great psalm of the republic. Here the theme is creative and has vista. 1925 G. K. Chesterton i. ii. 51 It is not in that sense impossible that cows should contemplate death until they can lift up a sublime psalm of lamentation to the tune the old cow died of. 1992 B. Zephaniah (title) City psalms. Compounds C1. 1866 J. H. Newman iv. 27 Who..gave... Each forfeit crown To psalm-droners And canting groaners. 1889 A. Conan Doyle viii. 61 ‘Scanderbeg's sword must have Scanderbeg's arm,’ he remarked, ‘I have observed that it is a fine piece of steel. One of the real old text-compellers and psalm-expounders which the faithful drew in the days of yore.’ a1382 (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xxiii. 1 A solempne salm makere [L. psaltes] of israel. 1483 (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 293 A Psalme maker, psalmista. a1500 (?c1425) (1936) 210 (MED) Of the avowtrere and mankyllere, he made a prophete and a psalme-makere. 1855 C. G. Leland tr. H. Heine 202 He who has denied to the most devoted psalm-makers and moral poets all beautiful thoughts and all literary reputation. 1992 B. Millett & J. Wogan-Browne 199 Psalmwruhte, psalm-maker, psalmist. ?1705 E. Hickeringill 5 Hopkins and Sternhold, or the more modern Psalm-Poets. 1791 in T. Ward i. 92 Dr. Corbet, Bishop of Norwich, his Address to the Ghost of Robin Wisdom, the Psalm Poet. 1881 J. Ellerston in 3 Feb. We remember the testimony of one of the world's greatest psalm poets. 1962 D. R. Ap-Thomas tr. S. Mowinckel I. iv. 90 To later Judaism the law appeared as Yahweh's greatest benefaction to his people, as is also expressly said by one of the psalm poets. 1898 18 July 2/2 It seems clear that, what with psalm-quoting and one thing and another, there will be a very hot contest at the Cape. 1945 20 Dec. 12/3 Investigators..were seeking evidence..linking the psalm-quoting choir singer with nine other persons. 1976 18 June a6/6 Dour, psalm-quoting Cromwell was acclaimed as Lord Protector. 1998 15 40 Milton comments on the king's Psalm-quoting. 1563 J. Foxe 1499/1 The psalmsaying friars brought him to his standing, & there left him. 1938 18 Dec. 5/2 A cringing, psalm-saying itinerant repeating over and over ‘God will take care of the innocent’. 1995 J. A. Haught iv. 64 Cromwell brought his hymn-singing, Psalm-saying Protestant army to Ireland and massacred Catholics and their priests. 1706 I. Watts Pref. sig. A5 I have most unhappily fetter'd my Thoughts in the narrow Numbers of our Old Psalm-Translators. 1988 79 288 The Greek psalm translator here had misunderstood the same root in its alternate and much more familiar meaning ‘to speak’. 2000 D. Norton viii. 186 The first and greatest writer to found his work closely on the KJB neither adopted its style nor showed any more sense of it as a literary work than, say, the English Psalm translators had done. 1858 W. B. Pope tr. R. Stier VII. 496 Which Psalm-word as it respects Christ has its deepest meaning in His miraculous and sacred birth. 1912 3 300 Their content is in striking harmony with the Psalm word by which Abū 'Īsa a posteriori justified them. 1967 17 43 A good Psalm word, especially in a ‘moralising’ Psalm like cxii. C2. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > [noun] > making or reciting of > person engaged in society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > singer of church music > [noun] > singer of psalms 1578 T. Sampson 71 Dauid (I say) who was that sweete Psalme singer of Israell. 1652 R. Day 5 The Psalme-singers, the holy Saints and Angells are filled with unspeakable joy. 1719 E. Ireland (ed. 3) (title) The Psalm singer's guide: being a choice collection of the most useful tunes of the Psalms, in two, three, and four parts. 1806 15 211 He was the best psalm-singer in the whole congregation. 1844 Nov. 474 Two gentleman ‘griddlers’, or itinerant psalm-singers. 1909 15 Dec. 5/2 Cromwell, the greatest ruler England ever had, was, with his glorious Ironsides, a Psalm-singer. 1940 20 371 The Scotch-Irish [Presbyterian] psalm-singers..had been solidified by persecution in the old country. 2000 55 356 In The Last of the Mohicans not even the pious psalm-singer David believes in supernatural agency. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > [adjective] > singing society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [adjective] > singing psalms 1609 H. Clapham xi. sig. H2v This forme [of divine service] contayneth Prayers, Lections of Scripture and Psalme-singing. 1647 J. Fletcher iv. i. 38 Thou out of tune-Psalm-singing Slave. 1717 D. Defoe iii. 294 They were call'd in Derision, the Psalm Singing Regiment. 1753 J. Hanway II. xxvii. 169 The Lutheran seamen, as well as others of that religion, are great advocates of psalm-singing. 1818 ‘A. Burton’ 59 Ye skulking, d—d psalmsinging crew! 1882 Nov. 77/1 Exercising themselves in psalm-singing, praying, fighting, trading,..laying, or evangelizing, as occasion required. 1964 O. E. Middleton 40 That Bible-banging, psalm-singing old crawler. 1991 J. Caldwell I. v. 322 This persisted into the early years of Elizabeth's reign and is typified by the popularity of metrical psalm-singing in courtly circles and elsewhere. 2004 (Nexis) 8 July 25 The interregnum was not just run by psalm-singing Puritans. society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > divisions of Old Testament > [noun] > Psalms OE Byrhtferð (Ashm.) (1995) ii. iii. 114 On þam dæge ys seo forme tid prima gehaten, on þære sceolon gemearcode cnihtas geornlice to Gode clypian and þa syx tida bliðelice wurðian mid sealmsange, Godes lof up ahebban. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine (1993) 143 Tilie he þenne þæt he hure þis fæsten selost feste, æȝþer ȝe on psealmsonge..ȝe on ælmesdæde. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 14291 Þa bokess..wærenn Moysæsess boc. & sallmsang. & profetess. a1225 ( (Winteney) (1888) 43 Þæt þære nihte to lafe sy after þam unstrange [read utsange], þæt sy ȝenoted mid sealmsonge [a1425 Lansd. sauters; Latin psalterii] & mid leornunge gastlycere cræfte butan slæpe. a1425 (Stonyhurst) f. 53 Psalmodia, a salm song. 1629 A. Top (new ed.) ii. xlviii. (heading) A Psalm-Song by the Sonnes of Corah. 1738 ‘Gamaliel ben Pedahzur’ 162 A psalm song for time hereafter to come, when all days will be Sabbath and restings in the life of the world everlasting. 1873 R. Jamieson et al. I. 356 A Psalm-song—a composition to be sung with musical instruments, or without them. 1916 57 275/2 The melody of this little French song was incorporated in a hymn-book of the Reformed Church of the Netherlands, entitled ‘Souterliedekens’ (‘Psalm-songs’), in which it is set to the 128th Psalm. 1988 27 42 The psalm-song equivalent also prepares for the film's later reference to ‘Song’ in a line from Louis Zukofsky. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > tone 1869 Mar. 857/2 The author has followed the ordinary method..in the matter of the division of the Psalm tones. 1927 68 821/1 The novice will find..a set of harmonizations of all the psalm-tones and endings, including the solemn forms for Benedictus and Magnificat. 1993 D. Hiley 62 A rarely used psalm tone, the so-called ‘tonus peregrinus’..also uses two reciting-notes. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > kinds of psalm > metrical > [noun] > tune of society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > psalm > musical settings 1632 J. Standish (title) All the French Psalm tunes with English words. 1739 D. Bellamy i. iii. 106 Psalms, Madam!—School-Boys only sing Psalm-Tunes: We Pages, better taught, sing Court-Lampoons. 1838 1 247 We heard the children sing..the national song, a hymn, and a solemn psalm tune. 1960 C. Day Lewis iii. 51 I still on my churchless Sunday evenings feel a vague depression and unconsciously start singing a hymn or a psalm-tune. 1991 J. Caldwell I. x. 567 The earliest printed collection of psalm-tunes for organists were those of John Blow (1703) and Daniel Purcell (1718). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). psalmv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: psalm n. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > sing psalms [verb (intransitive)] society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > sing psalms OE cvii. 2 Cantabo et psallam in gloria mea : ic singe & sealmige on wuldre minum. lOE civ. 2 Cantate ei et psallite ei, narrate omnia mirabilia eius : singað him & sælmiað him cyþað ealle wvndra his. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cvii. 1 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 244 (MED) I sal singe and salme in mi blis; Ris, sautre and harp for-þi. ?a1475 (a1396) W. Hilton (Harl. 6579) i. vii. f. 5 (MED) Be ȝie fulfilled of þe holi gost..singende & spalminde in ȝiore hertes to oure lord. 1637 H. Sydenham 30 He that only sings unto God..he doth but talk of his wondrous workes; but he that Psalmes it..he glories in his holy Name. 1849 tr. III. lxviii. 315 He psalmeth to His name, that worketh unto His glory. 1882 20 Aug. 1/1 The good sisters..had hymned and psalmed with all the devotion of first conversion. 1959 J. Berryman ii. 45 Men psalm. Man palms his ears and moans. 2005 21 July 24/2 The evangelicals obliged by shouting a few anti-papist slogans, while the Anglo-Catholics psalmed away sweetly. society > faith > worship > church music > psalm > celebrate with psalms [verb (transitive)] society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > celebrate in psalm or hymn c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) xx. 13 (MED) We shul syngen & psalmen [L. psallemus] þy vertuz. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xx. 13 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 153 (MED) Þi mightes singe and salme sal we. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas ii. i. 359 That we her Subiects..Psalming his praise, may sound the same the higher. 1610 G. Fletcher 18 Psalming aloud in well tun'd songs his Makers prayse. 1924 53 [She] gid awa tull 'er bed ti lie an' psalm tull 'ersel a' 'er grief. 1973 17 May 13/5 Psalming the virtues of Llaregyb in spring. 1982 A. Ginsberg 15 I call your name with hollow vowels, I psalm your Fate close by, my breath near deathless ever at your side. 1807 R. Southey II. 342 He who psalms a sick man, or fancies that the oil from his saint's lamp will heal him of all his complaints. 1849 in R. Southey 2nd Ser. 51/2 We cured our wounds with oil, and by a soldier called Juan Catalan, who blessed us and psalmed us,..we found our Saviour Jesus Christ was pleased to give us strength. Derivatives society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > divisions of Old Testament > [adjective] > Psalms a1500 (c1400) (1977) 277 He says in His sothe psalmyde writtes, ‘Þe skilfulle and þe vnskathely skelton ay to me.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE v.OE |
