public schooln.adj.

Brit.

/ˌpʌblɪk ˈskuːl/, U.S.

/ˈpəblɪk ˈskul/

Forms: see public adj. and n. and school n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: public adj., school n.¹

Etymology: < public adj. + school n.¹, originally after post-classical Latin publica schola (see note).Post-classical Latin publica schola is used before a.d. 420 by Jerome in a passage added to his translation of the Chronicle of Eusebius (for the year a.d. 88), based on material from Suetonius De grammaticis et rhetoribus: Quintilianus..primus Romae publicam scholam et salarium e fisco accepit. ‘Quintilian..was the first to accept a “public school” at Rome and a salary from the treasury.’ In this case, the grant of public money was ad hominem rather than being intended for the support of the school as a continuing institution, so that publica schola in this context means ‘publicly funded chair’ (see Suetonius De grammaticis et rhetoribus ed. R. A. Kaster (1995) 38–9 and 335–6).The Latin expression also appears in the Capitula of Louis the Pious (829), in the sense of a school maintained at the public expense:829 Capitula Hlodovici Pii in Capitularia Regum Francorum (1897) II. 37 Suggerimus, ut morem paternum sequentes saltim in tribus congruentissimis imperii vestri locis scolae publicae..fiant. Post-classical Latin publica schola appears in sense A. 1 in the 12th cent., and is frequent from the 14th cent. as applied to an endowed free grammar-school. Compare the following examples from British sources:c1180 Hist. Bury St. Edmunds (Rolls) I. 126 Hic ergo [sc. Canutus rex] tam..benignus..fuisse memoratur ut per urbes et oppida publicas instituens scolas magistris deputatis..pueros..litteris tradidit imbuendos de ratione fiscali sumptibus constitutis.1364 in H. E. Malden Vict. Hist. County Surrey (1905) II. 155 Hugone de Kingston..pedagogo, ut informacioni et doctrine dictorum puerorum..in dicta villa intenderet, et scolas publicas gubernaret.1437 in W. Page Vict. Hist. County Lincoln (1906) II. 430 [The Chapter] monuerunt pauperes clericos in persona Prepositi eorundem, quod adeant scolas publicas et addiscant effectualiter.1558 in Wilkins Concilia IV. 166 Qui in locis insignioribus publicas scholas salario publico vel privato tenent. With sense A. 3 compare French école publique (1789 in this sense, with reference to state-funded schools in France; early 18th cent. or earlier with reference to schools in ancient Persia; late 17th cent. or earlier in sense A. 2 (in tenir école publique, tenir les écoles publiques to give public lectures)).

A. n.

1. Originally, in Britain and Ireland: any of a class of grammar schools founded or endowed for public use and subject to public management or control (frequently contrasted with private school: cf. private school n. at private adj.¹, adv., and n. Compounds 2). Later, chiefly from the 19th cent. and also in some other countries of the former British Empire: a fee-paying secondary school which developed from former endowed grammar schools, or was modelled on similar lines, and which takes pupils from beyond the local constituency and usually offers boarding facilities.Down to the 18th cent. public school was very generally opposed to ‘private school’, and education in a ‘public school’ was also contrasted with education at home under a tutor (cf. public education n. (a) at public adj. and n. Compounds 1b). The term was officially used in July 1860 in the appointment of a Royal Commission, and in 1867 in ‘An Act for the better government and extension of certain Public Schools’. As this act applied to the ancient endowed grammar schools or colleges of Eton, Winchester, Westminster, Harrow, Rugby, Charterhouse, and Shrewsbury, these have sometimes been spoken of as ‘the Seven Public Schools’; but the name is generally used to include other schools of similar organization.Traditionally, pupils in the higher forms were prepared mainly for the universities and for public service. N.E.D. (1909) notes: ‘As it is a general characteristic of these large schools that order is maintained and discipline administered to a great extent by the elder pupils themselves, this has come to be a recognized feature of the English public school, and is often the prominent notion in such phrases as “a public school education” or “training” , “the English public school system”, and the like.’

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school

public school1580

foundation-school1834

1580 Let. Privy Counc. 18 June in J. Strype Hist. Edmund Grindal (1710) ii. xi. 254 All such School-masters as have charge of Children and do instruct them either in Publick Schools, or Private Houses.

1604 Act 1 Jas. I c. 4 §8 No person shall keepe any schoole..except it be in some publike or free Grammer Schoole, or in some such noblemans..or gentlemans..house as are not recusants.

1649 J. Butler in Perfect Diurnall 26 Mar. That some Public Schools for the better education and principling of youth in virtue and justice would soberly be considered of and settled.

1673 Abp. of Armagh in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 113 An Account of the Publique Schooles within the Province of Ulster... There is a free schoole for the Diocesse of Meath, with a Salary according to the Act..of about 40l. p. ann.

1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) 385 London. Publick Schools and Colleges. The first is Westminster School... St. Paul's School... Merchant-Taylors School... Belonging to Christ's Hospital is another famous Grammar Free-School.

1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 22 May 1/2 I regard our publick Schools and Universities, not only as Nurseries of Men for the Service of the Church and State, [etc.].

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. iii. v. 184 This worthy Man having observed the imperfect Institution of our public Schools, and the many Vices which Boys were there liable to learn, had resolved to educate his Nephew..in his own House.

1760 S. Foote Minor i. 12 He has run the gauntlet thro' a public school; where, at sixteen, he had practis'd more vices than he would otherwise have heard of at sixty.

1828 T. Arnold Let. 14 Mar. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. 75 I never ran down public schools in the lump, but grieved that their exceeding capabilities were not turned to better account.

1848 G. Moberly Winchester Serm. II. Pref. A public school is one in which the government is administered, in greater or less degree, with the aid of the pupils themselves: a private school is one in which the government is altogether administered by masters.

1893 Westm. Gaz. 11 Feb. 4/2 Our Public Schools..(by which phrase we never mean real public schools like the Board schools at all, but merely schools for the upper and middle classes) are in their existing stage primarily great gymnasiums.

1927 Observer 19 June 15/7 There is no touch of coat-trailing..about the claim of St. Peter's, York, to be ‘the fourth oldest of our public schools’.

1948 K. S. Prichard Golden Miles 14 Sally wondered whether she had been right to send Dick to a public school in Adelaide,..while Tom and Lal had grown up on the fields with nothing but a state school education.

1959 P. Hansford Johnson Last Resort (1970) xxi. 125 Professional men sufficiently well-off to send their sons to public schools and universities.

2005 N. Laird Utterly Monkey 223 It turned out she was posh, or posh-ish, having been to a public school somewhere in Hampshire.

†2. A lecture room or class of a professor in a university or similar institution. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings > lecture or disputation rooms

school hallc1450

public school1582

golgotha1726

lecture-room1817

lecture-theatre1849

lecture-hall1967

1582 W. Allen Briefe Hist. Glorious Martyrdom sig. d3 Thither [to Douai] he went, where after a yeres great diligence and many excercises done booth in house and publike scholes, he proceded bachilier of diuinitie.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A3^v Ile haue them fill the publike schooles with skill. Wherewith the students shalbe brauely clad.

a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) iv. i. 319 The publike Schoole at Strasburg was not reputed an vniversity, yet gaue the degrees of Bachelors and masters of Artes, hauing a publike house for that purpose, and publike Schooles where learned Professors did reade.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlvi. 370 That which is now called an University, is a Joyning together, and an Incorporation under one Government of many Publique Schools, in one and the same Town or City.

1774 J. Woodforde Diary 20 Apr. (1924) I. 128 I took a long walk after Prayers, and on my returns went into the public Schools, and set over some young gentlemen doing generals.

3. A school supported by the government for the use of the community of a defined district, as part of a public (usually free) education system; a State school.

a. In the United States.The term was used in New England and Pennsylvania from the 17th cent., and became the standard term in all the states. An early synonym was ‘free school’, and a later one in some states, ‘common school’, which was subsequently however generally confined to a school of the lowest grade or ‘public elementary school’.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school

free school1500

common school1503

public school1636

state school1806

national school1814

burgh-school1864

board-school1873

provided school1902

council school1908

direct-grant school1945

1636 in Harvard College Rec. (1925) I. 171 The Court voted for the erecting a Publick Schooll or Colledge in Cambridge.

1683 Pennsylv. Frame of Govmt. §10 The Governor and Provincial Council shall erect and order all public Schooles.

1785 Ordinance U.S. Congress 20 May There shall be reserved the lot No. 16 of every township for the maintenance of public schools within the said township.

1853 tr. Siljeström's Educ. Instit. U.S. 15 Public schools is the name given to all schools which are supported by the public, and which are therefore under public control.

1889 Harper's Mag. July 226/1 As to the two races involved in this question of public schools the difference is this: the negroes do not wish mixed schools; the white people will not have them.

1901 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 434/1 If our public schools fail to furnish an education fully as good as can be obtained in private schools, intelligent, conscientious, and well-to-do parents will withdraw their children.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 45 (advt.) Not one street to cross to get to public school.

1991 A. M. Dershowitz Chutzpah x. 340 Mandatory Christian prayer in the public schools drive many Jews out of those ‘Christian’ schools and into Jewish schools.

b. In Scotland. Now historical.The name was made official by the Education Act of 1872 (quot. 1872).

ΚΠ

1700 in H. Paton Minnigaff Parish Rec. (1939) 30 By Act of Parliament no schooll is to be keep within two miles of a publick schooll.

1753 Caledonian Mercury 25 Oct. The Publick School of Earlston, in Berwickshire, a Presbytery Seat.

1827 J. Aikman tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. I. p. x George..is reported by tradition, to have received the rudiments of his education in the public school of Killearn.

1872 Act 35 & 36 Vict. (Scotl.) c. 62. §25 Every school under the management of the school board of a parish shall be deemed a parish school, and every school under the management of the school board of a burgh shall be deemed a burgh school, and all such schools are hereby declared to be public schools within the meaning of this Act.

1908 Scotch Educ. Code §12 An Inspector or sub-Inspector may visit any public school, or any other school subject to inspection at any time without notice.

1950 L. J. Saunders Sc. Democracy, 1815–1840 ii. iii. 142 At the end of the [eighteen-]thirties there existed only one public school in St. David's.

1995 B. Bryson Notes from Small Island (1996) xxviii. 341 At length I passed the Scotland Street Public School, a wonderful building with airy stairwells that I presumed was one of Mackintosh's.

c. In some countries of the former British Empire, notably Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

ΚΠ

1804 Sydney Gaz. 12 Aug. 1 A subscription..by a great part of the settlers and others to build a Public School at the Green Hills.

1828 Austral. Q. Jrnl. Theol., Lit. & Sci. Jan. 110 In this Colony..there are now 30 Public Schools, entirely supported by Royal Bounty.

1872 Canadian Monthly June 483/1 Public Schools..are distinguished from those which until recently were entitled Grammar Schools.

1904 Cape of Good Hope C.S. List 267 Public Schools. Course of Instruction... Class III. To include at least reading, writing, arithmetic, outlines of history and geography, and lessons on natural objects.

1932 N. Scanlan Pencarrow 256 The term ‘public school’ has a different connotation in New Zealand. It implies the Borough or County school; the school provided by the State.

1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Jan. a10/4 Custodians at Hamilton's public schools have voted overwhelmingly to return to work today, ending a 4 1/2-month strike.

2006 Canberra Times (Nexis) 23 July a4 He saw no signs of the Government changing its mind on plans to close 39 public schools.

d. In other countries.

ΚΠ

1861 M. Arnold Pop. Educ. France x. 105 Hardly anywhere in France..can the private boys' schools, whether they be lay or congreganist, hold their own in the competition with the public schools.

1870 Nature 23 June 144/2 Together with Ammermüller, a doctor of medicine and head master of a public school in Würtemburg, he published his researches.

1882 Cent. Mag. June 297/2 In some parts of Austria, small ‘school-gardens’ have been established in connection with many of the public schools.

1903 H. A. L. Fisher Stud. Napoleonic Statesmanship (1969) xii. 278 There were in Germany in the middle of the eighteenth century three kinds of public school: the village school, the Latin school in the towns, and ‘the learned school’, Gelehrte Schule.

1972 Mainichi Daily News 7 Nov. 5/1 Students in Kanagawa Ken, both Japanese and foreign from public and private schools.

2000 C. M. Warner Confessions of Interest Group iii. 69 Pétain seduced the hierarchy..with specific acts: restoring crucifixes to public schools and city halls, the death penalty for abortionists, and upgrading the status of congregations.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or (supposedly) characteristic of a public school or public schools (chiefly with reference to sense A. 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > endowed or public

public school1806

voluntary1837

founded1895

public-schoolish1930

public-schooly1930

1806 Times 16 Oct. 1/3 He has had the advantage of a Public School Education, and flatters himself he is capable of giving his Pupils the same upon the Eton plan.

1821 Ld. Byron Jrnl. (1979) IX. 43 We were both at the top of our remove—(A public School phrase).

1844 A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold I. iii. 109 The peculiarities which distinguish the English public school system from almost every other system of education in Europe.

1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxiii. 205 He had not had a public-school training.

1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 164 Talking..of public-school spirit and the traditions of the ancient seat.

1913 Elem. School Teacher 14 40 The public-school system of Dumfermline, Scotland, with a population of 5,417 school children.

1931 D. L. Sayers Five Red Herrings v. 55 Waters..spoke standard public-school English.

1935 N. Mitchison We have been Warned iv. 454 [She] was trying to place his public-school tie... Harrow—Marlborough?

1938 M. Allingham Fashion in Shrouds x. 162 ‘He's not in there,’ said Jimmy, revealing a stammer and a public-school accent.

a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 131 While she is extremely tough in negotiation she is extremely public school when she's asked..to make a sacrifice in her departmental interests for the good of the nation.

1985 R. Cobb Classical Educ. i. 16 Both Edward and I had loud, confident public school voices.

1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) ix. 248 Competition is the public-school ethic transposed to the national economy.

Compounds

public school-bred, public school-educated, public-school–Oxford, etc., adjs.

ΚΠ

a1867 M. Faraday in H. Barnard True Student Life (1873) 456 The sciences, of which I notice a great and general ignorance even among our best public school educated men.

1914 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 51 163 Put a public-school-educated, healthy family into a filthy house, and it will be a different dwelling by the morning.

1940 Times 6 Feb. 2/6 (advt.) Help, will cook for one or handle lighter house duties; public school educated.

1943 M. Schlauch Gift of Tongues 264 English writers themselves have sometimes jeered at certain details of ‘public school-Oxford’ speech as being affected.

1952 A. Koestler Arrow in Blue xxviii. 263 Public School-bred Foreign Office diplomats like Guy Burgess and Donald MacLean.

1971 A. H. Halsey & M. A. Trow Brit. Academics xv. 421 41 per cent of the public school educated teachers place themselves on the Left.

1996 Daily Tel. 31 Dec. 16/6 The song of Harmodios and Aristogeiton, two public school-type chaps who tried to assassinate the Peisistratid tyrants, became a kind of Athenian national anthem.

2005 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 18 Nov. All form and sterling elocution, he is every inch the English public-school-bred bogeyman.

Derivatives

ˌpublic-ˈschoolish adj. characteristic of a public school.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > endowed or public

public school1806

voluntary1837

founded1895

public-schoolish1930

public-schooly1930

1930 Observer 22 June 13 Mr Leslie Mitchell, as the simple Andy, is too public-schoolish in tone and manner.

1993 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 14 June 11 The song, a public-schoolish celebration of the hardships attendant on victory in tough terrain and cruel conditions.

ˌpublic-ˈschoolishness n. rare the state of being public-schoolish.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school > quality

public-schoolishnessa1960

a1960 E. M. Forster Maurice (1971) i. ix. 48 During the previous term he had reached an unusual level mentally, but the vac had pulled him back towards public-schoolishness.

ˌpublic-ˈschooly adj. = public-schoolish adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > endowed or public

public school1806

voluntary1837

founded1895

public-schoolish1930

public-schooly1930

1930 A. Huxley Let. 14 June (1969) 337 English literary criticism for the moment is all for being nice and gentlemanly and public-schooly.

1991 Independent (Nexis) 15 Sept. 2 He was..rather obviously public-schooly and ex-RAF, whereas the other sci-fi writers were all beard-and-sandals brigade.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	public school
释义	public schooln.adj. Brit. /ˌpʌblɪk ˈskuːl/, U.S. /ˈpəblɪk ˈskul/ Forms: see public adj. and n. and school n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: public adj., school n.¹ Etymology: < public adj. + school n.¹, originally after post-classical Latin publica schola (see note).Post-classical Latin publica schola is used before a.d. 420 by Jerome in a passage added to his translation of the Chronicle of Eusebius (for the year a.d. 88), based on material from Suetonius De grammaticis et rhetoribus: Quintilianus..primus Romae publicam scholam et salarium e fisco accepit. ‘Quintilian..was the first to accept a “public school” at Rome and a salary from the treasury.’ In this case, the grant of public money was ad hominem rather than being intended for the support of the school as a continuing institution, so that publica schola in this context means ‘publicly funded chair’ (see Suetonius De grammaticis et rhetoribus ed. R. A. Kaster (1995) 38–9 and 335–6).The Latin expression also appears in the Capitula of Louis the Pious (829), in the sense of a school maintained at the public expense:829 Capitula Hlodovici Pii in Capitularia Regum Francorum (1897) II. 37 Suggerimus, ut morem paternum sequentes saltim in tribus congruentissimis imperii vestri locis scolae publicae..fiant. Post-classical Latin publica schola appears in sense A. 1 in the 12th cent., and is frequent from the 14th cent. as applied to an endowed free grammar-school. Compare the following examples from British sources:c1180 Hist. Bury St. Edmunds (Rolls) I. 126 Hic ergo [sc. Canutus rex] tam..benignus..fuisse memoratur ut per urbes et oppida publicas instituens scolas magistris deputatis..pueros..litteris tradidit imbuendos de ratione fiscali sumptibus constitutis.1364 in H. E. Malden Vict. Hist. County Surrey (1905) II. 155 Hugone de Kingston..pedagogo, ut informacioni et doctrine dictorum puerorum..in dicta villa intenderet, et scolas publicas gubernaret.1437 in W. Page Vict. Hist. County Lincoln (1906) II. 430 [The Chapter] monuerunt pauperes clericos in persona Prepositi eorundem, quod adeant scolas publicas et addiscant effectualiter.1558 in Wilkins Concilia IV. 166 Qui in locis insignioribus publicas scholas salario publico vel privato tenent. With sense A. 3 compare French école publique (1789 in this sense, with reference to state-funded schools in France; early 18th cent. or earlier with reference to schools in ancient Persia; late 17th cent. or earlier in sense A. 2 (in tenir école publique, tenir les écoles publiques to give public lectures)). A. n. 1. Originally, in Britain and Ireland: any of a class of grammar schools founded or endowed for public use and subject to public management or control (frequently contrasted with private school: cf. private school n. at private adj.¹, adv., and n. Compounds 2). Later, chiefly from the 19th cent. and also in some other countries of the former British Empire: a fee-paying secondary school which developed from former endowed grammar schools, or was modelled on similar lines, and which takes pupils from beyond the local constituency and usually offers boarding facilities.Down to the 18th cent. public school was very generally opposed to ‘private school’, and education in a ‘public school’ was also contrasted with education at home under a tutor (cf. public education n. (a) at public adj. and n. Compounds 1b). The term was officially used in July 1860 in the appointment of a Royal Commission, and in 1867 in ‘An Act for the better government and extension of certain Public Schools’. As this act applied to the ancient endowed grammar schools or colleges of Eton, Winchester, Westminster, Harrow, Rugby, Charterhouse, and Shrewsbury, these have sometimes been spoken of as ‘the Seven Public Schools’; but the name is generally used to include other schools of similar organization.Traditionally, pupils in the higher forms were prepared mainly for the universities and for public service. N.E.D. (1909) notes: ‘As it is a general characteristic of these large schools that order is maintained and discipline administered to a great extent by the elder pupils themselves, this has come to be a recognized feature of the English public school, and is often the prominent notion in such phrases as “a public school education” or “training” , “the English public school system”, and the like.’ ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school public school1580 foundation-school1834 1580 Let. Privy Counc. 18 June in J. Strype Hist. Edmund Grindal (1710) ii. xi. 254 All such School-masters as have charge of Children and do instruct them either in Publick Schools, or Private Houses. 1604 Act 1 Jas. I c. 4 §8 No person shall keepe any schoole..except it be in some publike or free Grammer Schoole, or in some such noblemans..or gentlemans..house as are not recusants. 1649 J. Butler in Perfect Diurnall 26 Mar. That some Public Schools for the better education and principling of youth in virtue and justice would soberly be considered of and settled. 1673 Abp. of Armagh in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 113 An Account of the Publique Schooles within the Province of Ulster... There is a free schoole for the Diocesse of Meath, with a Salary according to the Act..of about 40l. p. ann. 1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) 385 London. Publick Schools and Colleges. The first is Westminster School... St. Paul's School... Merchant-Taylors School... Belonging to Christ's Hospital is another famous Grammar Free-School. 1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 22 May 1/2 I regard our publick Schools and Universities, not only as Nurseries of Men for the Service of the Church and State, [etc.]. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. iii. v. 184 This worthy Man having observed the imperfect Institution of our public Schools, and the many Vices which Boys were there liable to learn, had resolved to educate his Nephew..in his own House. View more context for this quotation 1760 S. Foote Minor i. 12 He has run the gauntlet thro' a public school; where, at sixteen, he had practis'd more vices than he would otherwise have heard of at sixty. 1828 T. Arnold Let. 14 Mar. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. 75 I never ran down public schools in the lump, but grieved that their exceeding capabilities were not turned to better account. 1848 G. Moberly Winchester Serm. II. Pref. A public school is one in which the government is administered, in greater or less degree, with the aid of the pupils themselves: a private school is one in which the government is altogether administered by masters. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 11 Feb. 4/2 Our Public Schools..(by which phrase we never mean real public schools like the Board schools at all, but merely schools for the upper and middle classes) are in their existing stage primarily great gymnasiums. 1927 Observer 19 June 15/7 There is no touch of coat-trailing..about the claim of St. Peter's, York, to be ‘the fourth oldest of our public schools’. 1948 K. S. Prichard Golden Miles 14 Sally wondered whether she had been right to send Dick to a public school in Adelaide,..while Tom and Lal had grown up on the fields with nothing but a state school education. 1959 P. Hansford Johnson Last Resort (1970) xxi. 125 Professional men sufficiently well-off to send their sons to public schools and universities. 2005 N. Laird Utterly Monkey 223 It turned out she was posh, or posh-ish, having been to a public school somewhere in Hampshire. †2. A lecture room or class of a professor in a university or similar institution. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings > lecture or disputation rooms school hallc1450 public school1582 golgotha1726 lecture-room1817 lecture-theatre1849 lecture-hall1967 1582 W. Allen Briefe Hist. Glorious Martyrdom sig. d3 Thither [to Douai] he went, where after a yeres great diligence and many excercises done booth in house and publike scholes, he proceded bachilier of diuinitie. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A3^v Ile haue them fill the publike schooles with skill. Wherewith the students shalbe brauely clad. a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) iv. i. 319 The publike Schoole at Strasburg was not reputed an vniversity, yet gaue the degrees of Bachelors and masters of Artes, hauing a publike house for that purpose, and publike Schooles where learned Professors did reade. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlvi. 370 That which is now called an University, is a Joyning together, and an Incorporation under one Government of many Publique Schools, in one and the same Town or City. 1774 J. Woodforde Diary 20 Apr. (1924) I. 128 I took a long walk after Prayers, and on my returns went into the public Schools, and set over some young gentlemen doing generals. 3. A school supported by the government for the use of the community of a defined district, as part of a public (usually free) education system; a State school. a. In the United States.The term was used in New England and Pennsylvania from the 17th cent., and became the standard term in all the states. An early synonym was ‘free school’, and a later one in some states, ‘common school’, which was subsequently however generally confined to a school of the lowest grade or ‘public elementary school’. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > publicly maintained school free school1500 common school1503 public school1636 state school1806 national school1814 burgh-school1864 board-school1873 provided school1902 council school1908 direct-grant school1945 1636 in Harvard College Rec. (1925) I. 171 The Court voted for the erecting a Publick Schooll or Colledge in Cambridge. 1683 Pennsylv. Frame of Govmt. §10 The Governor and Provincial Council shall erect and order all public Schooles. 1785 Ordinance U.S. Congress 20 May There shall be reserved the lot No. 16 of every township for the maintenance of public schools within the said township. 1853 tr. Siljeström's Educ. Instit. U.S. 15 Public schools is the name given to all schools which are supported by the public, and which are therefore under public control. 1889 Harper's Mag. July 226/1 As to the two races involved in this question of public schools the difference is this: the negroes do not wish mixed schools; the white people will not have them. 1901 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 434/1 If our public schools fail to furnish an education fully as good as can be obtained in private schools, intelligent, conscientious, and well-to-do parents will withdraw their children. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 45 (advt.) Not one street to cross to get to public school. 1991 A. M. Dershowitz Chutzpah x. 340 Mandatory Christian prayer in the public schools drive many Jews out of those ‘Christian’ schools and into Jewish schools. b. In Scotland. Now historical.The name was made official by the Education Act of 1872 (quot. 1872). ΚΠ 1700 in H. Paton Minnigaff Parish Rec. (1939) 30 By Act of Parliament no schooll is to be keep within two miles of a publick schooll. 1753 Caledonian Mercury 25 Oct. The Publick School of Earlston, in Berwickshire, a Presbytery Seat. 1827 J. Aikman tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. I. p. x George..is reported by tradition, to have received the rudiments of his education in the public school of Killearn. 1872 Act 35 & 36 Vict. (Scotl.) c. 62. §25 Every school under the management of the school board of a parish shall be deemed a parish school, and every school under the management of the school board of a burgh shall be deemed a burgh school, and all such schools are hereby declared to be public schools within the meaning of this Act. 1908 Scotch Educ. Code §12 An Inspector or sub-Inspector may visit any public school, or any other school subject to inspection at any time without notice. 1950 L. J. Saunders Sc. Democracy, 1815–1840 ii. iii. 142 At the end of the [eighteen-]thirties there existed only one public school in St. David's. 1995 B. Bryson Notes from Small Island (1996) xxviii. 341 At length I passed the Scotland Street Public School, a wonderful building with airy stairwells that I presumed was one of Mackintosh's. c. In some countries of the former British Empire, notably Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. ΚΠ 1804 Sydney Gaz. 12 Aug. 1 A subscription..by a great part of the settlers and others to build a Public School at the Green Hills. 1828 Austral. Q. Jrnl. Theol., Lit. & Sci. Jan. 110 In this Colony..there are now 30 Public Schools, entirely supported by Royal Bounty. 1872 Canadian Monthly June 483/1 Public Schools..are distinguished from those which until recently were entitled Grammar Schools. 1904 Cape of Good Hope C.S. List 267 Public Schools. Course of Instruction... Class III. To include at least reading, writing, arithmetic, outlines of history and geography, and lessons on natural objects. 1932 N. Scanlan Pencarrow 256 The term ‘public school’ has a different connotation in New Zealand. It implies the Borough or County school; the school provided by the State. 1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Jan. a10/4 Custodians at Hamilton's public schools have voted overwhelmingly to return to work today, ending a 4 1/2-month strike. 2006 Canberra Times (Nexis) 23 July a4 He saw no signs of the Government changing its mind on plans to close 39 public schools. d. In other countries. ΚΠ 1861 M. Arnold Pop. Educ. France x. 105 Hardly anywhere in France..can the private boys' schools, whether they be lay or congreganist, hold their own in the competition with the public schools. 1870 Nature 23 June 144/2 Together with Ammermüller, a doctor of medicine and head master of a public school in Würtemburg, he published his researches. 1882 Cent. Mag. June 297/2 In some parts of Austria, small ‘school-gardens’ have been established in connection with many of the public schools. 1903 H. A. L. Fisher Stud. Napoleonic Statesmanship (1969) xii. 278 There were in Germany in the middle of the eighteenth century three kinds of public school: the village school, the Latin school in the towns, and ‘the learned school’, Gelehrte Schule. 1972 Mainichi Daily News 7 Nov. 5/1 Students in Kanagawa Ken, both Japanese and foreign from public and private schools. 2000 C. M. Warner Confessions of Interest Group iii. 69 Pétain seduced the hierarchy..with specific acts: restoring crucifixes to public schools and city halls, the death penalty for abortionists, and upgrading the status of congregations. B. adj. Of, relating to, or (supposedly) characteristic of a public school or public schools (chiefly with reference to sense A. 1). ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > endowed or public public school1806 voluntary1837 founded1895 public-schoolish1930 public-schooly1930 1806 Times 16 Oct. 1/3 He has had the advantage of a Public School Education, and flatters himself he is capable of giving his Pupils the same upon the Eton plan. 1821 Ld. Byron Jrnl. (1979) IX. 43 We were both at the top of our remove—(A public School phrase). 1844 A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold I. iii. 109 The peculiarities which distinguish the English public school system from almost every other system of education in Europe. 1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxiii. 205 He had not had a public-school training. 1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 164 Talking..of public-school spirit and the traditions of the ancient seat. 1913 Elem. School Teacher 14 40 The public-school system of Dumfermline, Scotland, with a population of 5,417 school children. 1931 D. L. Sayers Five Red Herrings v. 55 Waters..spoke standard public-school English. 1935 N. Mitchison We have been Warned iv. 454 [She] was trying to place his public-school tie... Harrow—Marlborough? 1938 M. Allingham Fashion in Shrouds x. 162 ‘He's not in there,’ said Jimmy, revealing a stammer and a public-school accent. a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 131 While she is extremely tough in negotiation she is extremely public school when she's asked..to make a sacrifice in her departmental interests for the good of the nation. 1985 R. Cobb Classical Educ. i. 16 Both Edward and I had loud, confident public school voices. 1996 W. Hutton State we're In (rev. ed.) ix. 248 Competition is the public-school ethic transposed to the national economy. Compounds public school-bred, public school-educated, public-school–Oxford, etc., adjs. ΚΠ a1867 M. Faraday in H. Barnard True Student Life (1873) 456 The sciences, of which I notice a great and general ignorance even among our best public school educated men. 1914 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 51 163 Put a public-school-educated, healthy family into a filthy house, and it will be a different dwelling by the morning. 1940 Times 6 Feb. 2/6 (advt.) Help, will cook for one or handle lighter house duties; public school educated. 1943 M. Schlauch Gift of Tongues 264 English writers themselves have sometimes jeered at certain details of ‘public school-Oxford’ speech as being affected. 1952 A. Koestler Arrow in Blue xxviii. 263 Public School-bred Foreign Office diplomats like Guy Burgess and Donald MacLean. 1971 A. H. Halsey & M. A. Trow Brit. Academics xv. 421 41 per cent of the public school educated teachers place themselves on the Left. 1996 Daily Tel. 31 Dec. 16/6 The song of Harmodios and Aristogeiton, two public school-type chaps who tried to assassinate the Peisistratid tyrants, became a kind of Athenian national anthem. 2005 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 18 Nov. All form and sterling elocution, he is every inch the English public-school-bred bogeyman. Derivatives ˌpublic-ˈschoolish adj. characteristic of a public school. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > endowed or public public school1806 voluntary1837 founded1895 public-schoolish1930 public-schooly1930 1930 Observer 22 June 13 Mr Leslie Mitchell, as the simple Andy, is too public-schoolish in tone and manner. 1993 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 14 June 11 The song, a public-schoolish celebration of the hardships attendant on victory in tough terrain and cruel conditions. ˌpublic-ˈschoolishness n. rare the state of being public-schoolish. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > endowed or public school > quality public-schoolishnessa1960 a1960 E. M. Forster Maurice (1971) i. ix. 48 During the previous term he had reached an unusual level mentally, but the vac had pulled him back towards public-schoolishness. ˌpublic-ˈschooly adj. = public-schoolish adj. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [adjective] > endowed or public public school1806 voluntary1837 founded1895 public-schoolish1930 public-schooly1930 1930 A. Huxley Let. 14 June (1969) 337 English literary criticism for the moment is all for being nice and gentlemanly and public-schooly. 1991 Independent (Nexis) 15 Sept. 2 He was..rather obviously public-schooly and ex-RAF, whereas the other sci-fi writers were all beard-and-sandals brigade. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1580
随便看	de-aspirate de-aspirating de-aspiration de-aspirator de-awarren de-bamboozle de-beak de-christianization de-christianize de-christianized de-christianizing de-conflict de-conflicted de-conflicting de-conflicts de-development de-educate de-electrify de-electrization de-electrize de-emanate de-emanated de-emanation de-emotionalize de-emotionalized