protoneman.

Brit.

/ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈniːmə/, U.S.

/ˌproʊdəˈnimə/

Forms:

α. 1800s– protonema.

β. 1800s protoneme.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin protonema.

Etymology: < scientific Latin protonema, former genus name ( C. A. Agardh Systema Algarum (1824) 43: see quot. 1844 at sense 1) < proto- proto- comb. form + -nema -nema suffix. Compare French protonème (1831 or earlier).

Botany.

1. The juvenile form of a bryophyte (usually consisting of a branched filamentous structure, but sometimes flat or platelike), developing on the germination of a spore and producing buds from which the adult plants arise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [noun] > parts of > thallus

thallus1829

proembryo1854

prothallus1854

protonema1857

prothallium1858

thallome1875

blastema1880

prothallus1921

1844 Phytologist 1 906 That the whole genus Protonema is composed of the commencement of other Cryptogamia, chiefly mosses, is, I think, generally agreed on by botanists.]

1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §509. 462 This mass..is called the Protonema, and is always distinguished by the cells containing chlorophyl.

1889 A. W. Bennett & G. R. M. Murray Handbk. Cryptogamic Bot. 134 The thalloid or leafy plant (as the case may be) does not, as a rule, arise immediately from the germinating spore, but, in all the higher forms, only after the previous formation of a colourless confervoid or filamentous structure, the prothallus or protoneme.

1955 G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. (ed. 2) II. 128 Most genera [of moss] have a disappearance of the protonemata after gametophores produced by them have developed to the stage where they have rhizoids.

2004 Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 166/2 The life cycle of mosses begins with the germination of a haploid spore and the subsequent growth of a branched cell filament, the protonema.

2. An analogous thread-like structure in other lower plants; spec. the filamentous form of a developing gametophyte of a fern or charophytic alga.

ΚΠ

1894 Bot. Gaz. 19 24 The gametophytic structures below the ferns may be described under the heads of archenema, protonema and metanema.

1938 G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. I. ii. 135 The protonematal initial [in Charales] develops into a green filament (the primary protonema).

1964 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 51 330/1 In a fern gametophyte, the change from protonema to prothallus involves not only an increase in cell number but also a difference in the planes of cell division.

1986 J. A. Moore Charophytes Great Brit. & Ireland (BSBI Handbk. No. 5) 9 The sexual plant develops as a side branch from the upper node of the protonema.

1996 Plant Sci. 120 128/1 The mechanism of light-mediated chloroplast movements was extensively studied in..the protonema of the fern Adiantum.

Derivatives

ˌprotoˈnemal adj. of or relating to a protonema.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [adjective] > of or having parts > of or having thallus

thalline1856

thalloid1857

thallodic1860

prothalline1868

thallodal1871

prothalloid1874

protonemal1875

prothallial1876

thalliform1891

protonematal1900

thalloidal1900

thallose1900

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. ii. 318 These latter [leaves] then put forth protonemal filaments, which produce first of all a flat pro-embryo; and upon this finally new leaf-buds arise.

1969 F. E. Round Introd. Lower Plants viii. 101 The protonemal stage is..generally ignored in the description of liverworts.

2004 Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 626/2 The protonemal cells of ferns and mosses.

ˌprotoˈnematal adj. = protonemal adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [adjective] > of or having parts > of or having thallus

thalline1856

thalloid1857

thallodic1860

prothalline1868

thallodal1871

prothalloid1874

protonemal1875

prothallial1876

thalliform1891

protonematal1900

thalloidal1900

thallose1900

1900 Nature 9 Aug. 340/1 Leaves which,..with greater or less intervention of protonematal filaments give birth to new individuals.

1958 Nature 19 Apr. 1139/2 Studies on protonematal regeneration and growth in the moss Splachnum ampullaceum.

2000 Bryologist 103 724/1 Like several other urban moss species, it passes quickly through the protonematal stage.

† protonematoid adj. Obsolete rare resembling a protonema.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Protonematoid, resembling or having the character of a protonema.

1896 Bot. Gaz. 21 340 A protonematoid stage in the development of Nemalion.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	protonema
释义	protoneman. Brit. /ˌprəʊtə(ʊ)ˈniːmə/, U.S. /ˌproʊdəˈnimə/ Forms: α. 1800s– protonema. β. 1800s protoneme. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin protonema. Etymology: < scientific Latin protonema, former genus name ( C. A. Agardh Systema Algarum (1824) 43: see quot. 1844 at sense 1) < proto- proto- comb. form + -nema -nema suffix. Compare French protonème (1831 or earlier). Botany. 1. The juvenile form of a bryophyte (usually consisting of a branched filamentous structure, but sometimes flat or platelike), developing on the germination of a spore and producing buds from which the adult plants arise. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [noun] > parts of > thallus thallus1829 proembryo1854 prothallus1854 protonema1857 prothallium1858 thallome1875 blastema1880 prothallus1921 1844 Phytologist 1 906 That the whole genus Protonema is composed of the commencement of other Cryptogamia, chiefly mosses, is, I think, generally agreed on by botanists.] 1857 M. J. Berkeley Introd. Cryptogamic Bot. §509. 462 This mass..is called the Protonema, and is always distinguished by the cells containing chlorophyl. 1889 A. W. Bennett & G. R. M. Murray Handbk. Cryptogamic Bot. 134 The thalloid or leafy plant (as the case may be) does not, as a rule, arise immediately from the germinating spore, but, in all the higher forms, only after the previous formation of a colourless confervoid or filamentous structure, the prothallus or protoneme. 1955 G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. (ed. 2) II. 128 Most genera [of moss] have a disappearance of the protonemata after gametophores produced by them have developed to the stage where they have rhizoids. 2004 Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 166/2 The life cycle of mosses begins with the germination of a haploid spore and the subsequent growth of a branched cell filament, the protonema. 2. An analogous thread-like structure in other lower plants; spec. the filamentous form of a developing gametophyte of a fern or charophytic alga. ΚΠ 1894 Bot. Gaz. 19 24 The gametophytic structures below the ferns may be described under the heads of archenema, protonema and metanema. 1938 G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. I. ii. 135 The protonematal initial [in Charales] develops into a green filament (the primary protonema). 1964 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 51 330/1 In a fern gametophyte, the change from protonema to prothallus involves not only an increase in cell number but also a difference in the planes of cell division. 1986 J. A. Moore Charophytes Great Brit. & Ireland (BSBI Handbk. No. 5) 9 The sexual plant develops as a side branch from the upper node of the protonema. 1996 Plant Sci. 120 128/1 The mechanism of light-mediated chloroplast movements was extensively studied in..the protonema of the fern Adiantum. Derivatives ˌprotoˈnemal adj. of or relating to a protonema. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [adjective] > of or having parts > of or having thallus thalline1856 thalloid1857 thallodic1860 prothalline1868 thallodal1871 prothalloid1874 protonemal1875 prothallial1876 thalliform1891 protonematal1900 thalloidal1900 thallose1900 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. ii. 318 These latter [leaves] then put forth protonemal filaments, which produce first of all a flat pro-embryo; and upon this finally new leaf-buds arise. 1969 F. E. Round Introd. Lower Plants viii. 101 The protonemal stage is..generally ignored in the description of liverworts. 2004 Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7 626/2 The protonemal cells of ferns and mosses. ˌprotoˈnematal adj. = protonemal adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > cryptogam or plant having spores > [adjective] > of or having parts > of or having thallus thalline1856 thalloid1857 thallodic1860 prothalline1868 thallodal1871 prothalloid1874 protonemal1875 prothallial1876 thalliform1891 protonematal1900 thalloidal1900 thallose1900 1900 Nature 9 Aug. 340/1 Leaves which,..with greater or less intervention of protonematal filaments give birth to new individuals. 1958 Nature 19 Apr. 1139/2 Studies on protonematal regeneration and growth in the moss Splachnum ampullaceum. 2000 Bryologist 103 724/1 Like several other urban moss species, it passes quickly through the protonematal stage. † protonematoid adj. Obsolete rare resembling a protonema. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Protonematoid, resembling or having the character of a protonema. 1896 Bot. Gaz. 21 340 A protonematoid stage in the development of Nemalion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1857
随便看	newspaperwoman newspaperwomen newspapery newspaporial newspaporialist newspeak newspeaks newspeople newsperson newspersons newsprint newsprints newsprung newsreader newsreaders newsreading newsreel newsreels newsroom newsrooms newssender newsstand newsstands newst newst of a newstness