protectoraten.

Brit.

/prəˈtɛkt(ə)rət/, U.S.

/prəˈtɛkt(ə)rət/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: protector n., -ate suffix¹.

Etymology: < protector n. + -ate suffix¹, perhaps after doctorate n.¹With sense 2a compare French protectorat (1798 in the passage translated in quot. 1798 at sense 2a).

1. English History. Frequently with capital initial.

a. The office or position of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth; the period between 1653 and 1659 during which this office was held by Oliver Cromwell, and then by his son Richard.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [noun] > by a protector

protectoral1661

protectorate1662

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Britain

commonwealth1649

protectorate1662

the usurpation1682

Robinocracy1717

restoration1724

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > protector during Commonwealth of 1653-9 > office of

protectorship1659

protectoral1661

protectorate1662

1662 R. L'Estrange Memento 48 The Heart of the Cause was broken long since, and now the Soul of it is gone; though the Protectorate be formally devolv'd to Richard, as the Declar'd Successour to his Father.

1692 A. Wood Fasti Oxonienses in Athenæ Oxonienses II. 797 He [sc. Richard Cromwell] being designed to be his Fathers successor in the Protectorate, was..sworn a Privy Counsellour.

1770 W. Guthrie New Geogr. Gram. (1771) 314 During the continuance of his protectorate, he was perpetually distrest for money, to keep the wheels of his government going.

1833 H. Coleridge Biographia Borealis 13 The short Parliament of 1658–9, summoned after the death of Oliver, during the brief Protectorate of Richard Cromwell.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 493 During the Protectorate the university [of Dublin] was nearly extinct, but was revived again, according to its previous forms, on the Restoration.

1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism iv. 250 The war finance of the Protectorate had made it necessary for Cromwell to court Dutch and Jewish, as well as native, capitalists.

1988 Oxf. Illustr. Encycl. III. 13/2 Anglicanism was banned during the Commonwealth and Protectorate.

2002 D. A. Orr Treason & State 115 Nicholas..had been prominent among those speaking for the earl's attainder during the debates of mid-April 1641 and would later became a Baron of the Exchequer under the Protectorate.

b. The office or position of a protector (protector n. 2a); the government or period of administration of a protector.

ΚΠ

1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 34 In what manner Richard [Duke of Gloucester] assumed or was invested with the protectorate does not appear.

1784 Hist. Great Brit. (ed. 2) II. xv. 323 He [sc. William Wallace] heard that the states of Scotland intended to raise his capital enemy, John Cumming, earl of Buchan, to the protectorate.

1866 Times 27 Sept. 5/3 Henry's measures of force and of persecution..led to the anarchy of the Protectorate..and to the Catholic reaction of the reign of Mary Tudor.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §2. 277 A return of the King's malady brought the renewal of York's Protectorate.

1995 P. Williams Later Tudors ii. 41 The most influential and far-reaching measures of Somerset's Protectorate were the changes in religion.

a. The exercise of suzerainty by a foreign power (or by several acting jointly) over a state which is deemed to be in need of protection; an instance of this.The term has been used with reference to the management of the affairs of one state by another, whether agreed by treaty or not. Following the Berlin Conference of 1884–5 the term became widely used with reference to intervention by European powers in the affairs of territories whose inhabitants were considered to lack sufficient political organization for them to be recognized as states.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > protectorate or trusteeship

protectorate1798

trusteeship1841

protectionate1853

League of Nations mandate1919

mandate1919

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [noun] > position of state as protector of another

protectorate1798

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > protectorate or trusteeship > over tribal territory

protectorate1844

1798 J. J. Stockdale tr. C.-F. Dumouriez Speculative Picture Europe ix. 57 France..will adhere to his [sc. the King of Denmark's] protectorate [of Hamburgh and Lubeck], to preserve its influence at Hamburgh.

1814 Times 2 Feb. 3/2 Let him [sc. Napoleon] have no influence beyond these boundaries,—no mediation, no protectorate, no kingdom of Italy, no Grand Fiefs of the Crown, [etc.].

1836 H. Wheaton Elem. Internat. Law 64 The city of Cracow in Poland, with its territory, was declared by the congress of Vienna to be a free, independent, and neutral state, under the protection of Russia, Austria, and Prussia... Its sovereignty still remains, except so far as it is affected by the protectorate which may be lawfully asserted over it in pursuance of the treaties of Vienna.

1844 Times 30 July 4/5 Queen Pomane [of Tahiti] had been forced to accept the ‘Protectorate’ of the French flag.

1884 Daily News 18 Oct. 3/1 The setting up of a British protectorate over south-eastern New Guinea, as announced..a few days ago.

1925 Amer. Mercury Feb. 142/1 The Great Crusader himself informed the Pan-American Scientific Congress that the Monroe Doctrine had set up a partial protectorate over Latin-America.

1952 H. Kelsen Princ. Internat. Law (1967) 191 A treaty may be concluded between two states whereby one of them is placed under the so-called protectorate or ‘suzerainty’ of the other.

1997 M. Burleigh in N. Ferguson Virtual History (1998) vi. 328 Rosenberg..envisaged a protectorate over Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Belorussia.

2003 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 21 May 1 British officials expressed concern that Garner would look too much like a military proconsul overseeing a U.S. protectorate in Iraq.

b. A state or territory over which such suzerainty is exercised.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state > dependent > under protectorate

protectorate1860

protectorate land1891

1860 E. B. Andrews Let. 4 July in G. E. Metcalfe Great Brit. & Ghana (1964) 285/1 The Protectorate on this side of the Volta.

1871 Act 34 Vict. c. 8 The inhabitants of certain territories in Africa adjoining Her Majesty's settlements of Sierra Leone, Gambia, Gold Coast, and Lagos, and the adjacent protectorates.

1900 H. C. Hillegas Oom Paul's People 13 Khama is the paramount chief of the Bamangwato, whose territory is included in the British Bechuanaland protectorate.

1915 A. L. Kitching Handbk. Ateso Lang. p. v The Ateso dialect is spoken by a tribe of some 300,000 people living between Lake Kioga and Mt. Ehgon in..the Ugandan Protectorate.

1961 L. van der Post Heart of Hunter i. vii. 110 Although Lobatsi was in a British Protectorate the railway itself belonged to Southern Rhodesia.

1992 World (BBC) Apr. 55 Brunei became a British protectorate just over 100 years ago.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 2), as protectorate force, protectorate land, protectorate system, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state > dependent > under protectorate

protectorate1860

protectorate land1891

1891 Times 30 Sept. 7/6 The introduction of the protectorate system [in the Malay States] which has been productive of such excellent results.

1897 Daily News 16 Feb. 6/2 It was arranged that the Protectorate force..should occupy the next place in the marching order.

1901 Daily Chron. 13 Dec. 4/6 Political questions..arising out of the Protectorate Ordinance of 1896.

1936 Discovery June 189/1 Nigeria is in the peculiar state of having both mandated and protectorate lands within its boundaries.

1961 L. van der Post Heart of Hunter i. vii. 112 The provincial commissioner..would have up the station-master and draft instructions to ensure that the station was run in the spirit as well as the letter of Protectorate Law.

2005 C. H. Vaite Frangipani 165 Your great great-grandfather was the chief of Faa'a. He signed the Protectorate paper to France before the King of Tahiti.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protectorate
释义	protectoraten. Brit. /prəˈtɛkt(ə)rət/, U.S. /prəˈtɛkt(ə)rət/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: protector n., -ate suffix¹. Etymology: < protector n. + -ate suffix¹, perhaps after doctorate n.¹With sense 2a compare French protectorat (1798 in the passage translated in quot. 1798 at sense 2a). 1. English History. Frequently with capital initial. a. The office or position of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth; the period between 1653 and 1659 during which this office was held by Oliver Cromwell, and then by his son Richard. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > systems governed by person or body > [noun] > by a protector protectoral1661 protectorate1662 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in Britain commonwealth1649 protectorate1662 the usurpation1682 Robinocracy1717 restoration1724 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > protector during Commonwealth of 1653-9 > office of protectorship1659 protectoral1661 protectorate1662 1662 R. L'Estrange Memento 48 The Heart of the Cause was broken long since, and now the Soul of it is gone; though the Protectorate be formally devolv'd to Richard, as the Declar'd Successour to his Father. 1692 A. Wood Fasti Oxonienses in Athenæ Oxonienses II. 797 He [sc. Richard Cromwell] being designed to be his Fathers successor in the Protectorate, was..sworn a Privy Counsellour. 1770 W. Guthrie New Geogr. Gram. (1771) 314 During the continuance of his protectorate, he was perpetually distrest for money, to keep the wheels of his government going. 1833 H. Coleridge Biographia Borealis 13 The short Parliament of 1658–9, summoned after the death of Oliver, during the brief Protectorate of Richard Cromwell. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 493 During the Protectorate the university [of Dublin] was nearly extinct, but was revived again, according to its previous forms, on the Restoration. 1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism iv. 250 The war finance of the Protectorate had made it necessary for Cromwell to court Dutch and Jewish, as well as native, capitalists. 1988 Oxf. Illustr. Encycl. III. 13/2 Anglicanism was banned during the Commonwealth and Protectorate. 2002 D. A. Orr Treason & State 115 Nicholas..had been prominent among those speaking for the earl's attainder during the debates of mid-April 1641 and would later became a Baron of the Exchequer under the Protectorate. b. The office or position of a protector (protector n. 2a); the government or period of administration of a protector. ΚΠ 1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 34 In what manner Richard [Duke of Gloucester] assumed or was invested with the protectorate does not appear. 1784 Hist. Great Brit. (ed. 2) II. xv. 323 He [sc. William Wallace] heard that the states of Scotland intended to raise his capital enemy, John Cumming, earl of Buchan, to the protectorate. 1866 Times 27 Sept. 5/3 Henry's measures of force and of persecution..led to the anarchy of the Protectorate..and to the Catholic reaction of the reign of Mary Tudor. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §2. 277 A return of the King's malady brought the renewal of York's Protectorate. 1995 P. Williams Later Tudors ii. 41 The most influential and far-reaching measures of Somerset's Protectorate were the changes in religion. 2. a. The exercise of suzerainty by a foreign power (or by several acting jointly) over a state which is deemed to be in need of protection; an instance of this.The term has been used with reference to the management of the affairs of one state by another, whether agreed by treaty or not. Following the Berlin Conference of 1884–5 the term became widely used with reference to intervention by European powers in the affairs of territories whose inhabitants were considered to lack sufficient political organization for them to be recognized as states. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > protectorate or trusteeship protectorate1798 trusteeship1841 protectionate1853 League of Nations mandate1919 mandate1919 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [noun] > position of state as protector of another protectorate1798 society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > protectorate or trusteeship > over tribal territory protectorate1844 1798 J. J. Stockdale tr. C.-F. Dumouriez Speculative Picture Europe ix. 57 France..will adhere to his [sc. the King of Denmark's] protectorate [of Hamburgh and Lubeck], to preserve its influence at Hamburgh. 1814 Times 2 Feb. 3/2 Let him [sc. Napoleon] have no influence beyond these boundaries,—no mediation, no protectorate, no kingdom of Italy, no Grand Fiefs of the Crown, [etc.]. 1836 H. Wheaton Elem. Internat. Law 64 The city of Cracow in Poland, with its territory, was declared by the congress of Vienna to be a free, independent, and neutral state, under the protection of Russia, Austria, and Prussia... Its sovereignty still remains, except so far as it is affected by the protectorate which may be lawfully asserted over it in pursuance of the treaties of Vienna. 1844 Times 30 July 4/5 Queen Pomane [of Tahiti] had been forced to accept the ‘Protectorate’ of the French flag. 1884 Daily News 18 Oct. 3/1 The setting up of a British protectorate over south-eastern New Guinea, as announced..a few days ago. 1925 Amer. Mercury Feb. 142/1 The Great Crusader himself informed the Pan-American Scientific Congress that the Monroe Doctrine had set up a partial protectorate over Latin-America. 1952 H. Kelsen Princ. Internat. Law (1967) 191 A treaty may be concluded between two states whereby one of them is placed under the so-called protectorate or ‘suzerainty’ of the other. 1997 M. Burleigh in N. Ferguson Virtual History (1998) vi. 328 Rosenberg..envisaged a protectorate over Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Belorussia. 2003 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 21 May 1 British officials expressed concern that Garner would look too much like a military proconsul overseeing a U.S. protectorate in Iraq. b. A state or territory over which such suzerainty is exercised. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state > dependent > under protectorate protectorate1860 protectorate land1891 1860 E. B. Andrews Let. 4 July in G. E. Metcalfe Great Brit. & Ghana (1964) 285/1 The Protectorate on this side of the Volta. 1871 Act 34 Vict. c. 8 The inhabitants of certain territories in Africa adjoining Her Majesty's settlements of Sierra Leone, Gambia, Gold Coast, and Lagos, and the adjacent protectorates. 1900 H. C. Hillegas Oom Paul's People 13 Khama is the paramount chief of the Bamangwato, whose territory is included in the British Bechuanaland protectorate. 1915 A. L. Kitching Handbk. Ateso Lang. p. v The Ateso dialect is spoken by a tribe of some 300,000 people living between Lake Kioga and Mt. Ehgon in..the Ugandan Protectorate. 1961 L. van der Post Heart of Hunter i. vii. 110 Although Lobatsi was in a British Protectorate the railway itself belonged to Southern Rhodesia. 1992 World (BBC) Apr. 55 Brunei became a British protectorate just over 100 years ago. Compounds General attributive (in sense 2), as protectorate force, protectorate land, protectorate system, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > territory governed by a ruler or state > dependent > under protectorate protectorate1860 protectorate land1891 1891 Times 30 Sept. 7/6 The introduction of the protectorate system [in the Malay States] which has been productive of such excellent results. 1897 Daily News 16 Feb. 6/2 It was arranged that the Protectorate force..should occupy the next place in the marching order. 1901 Daily Chron. 13 Dec. 4/6 Political questions..arising out of the Protectorate Ordinance of 1896. 1936 Discovery June 189/1 Nigeria is in the peculiar state of having both mandated and protectorate lands within its boundaries. 1961 L. van der Post Heart of Hunter i. vii. 112 The provincial commissioner..would have up the station-master and draft instructions to ensure that the station was run in the spirit as well as the letter of Protectorate Law. 2005 C. H. Vaite Frangipani 165 Your great great-grandfather was the chief of Faa'a. He signed the Protectorate paper to France before the King of Tahiti. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). protectoratev. Brit. /prəˈtɛktəreɪt/, U.S. /prəˈtɛktəˌreɪt/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: protectorate n. Etymology: < protectorate n. rare. transitive. To take over or annex as a protectorate. ΚΠ 1881 Gen. C. G. Gordon Let. 21 May in Pearson's 76th Catal. (1894) III. 25 England to protectorate Egypt, France to do Ditto to Tunis. 1884 W. G. Lawes in Nonconformist & Independent 24 Apr. If we are to be annexed, attached, appropriated, or protectorated, it should be by the Imperial rather than by any Colonial Government. 1998 Chowigan is Lying!! in soc.culture.thai (Usenet newsgroup) 18 Apr. I am proud that Thailand or Siam is the only one country in Southeast Asia which has never been colonized nor ‘protectorated’ by any Western country. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1662v.1881
随便看	northern phalarope northern pike northern pine northern pintail northern proctor northern rata northern rock cress northern sea cow northern sea lion northern shrike northern song northern sotho northern soul northern spotted owl number sign number six number six nose number system number ten number theoretic number theorist number theory number trade number twelve number two

protectoraten.

Compounds

protectoratev.