procumbentadj.

Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈkʌmb(ə)nt/, U.S.

/proʊˈkəmb(ə)nt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōcumbent-, prōcumbēns.

Etymology: < classical Latin prōcumbent-, prōcumbēns, present participle of prōcumbere to lean forward, to fall forward, to lie down < prō- pro- prefix¹ + -cumbere to lay oneself (only attested in compounds: see cumbent adj.).

1. Botany. Of a plant, leaf, or stem: lying flat on the ground, especially without rooting; trailing or growing along the ground. Also: designating this habit of growth. Cf. prostrate adj. 3.Used in the names of plants, as procumbent marshwort (see marshwort n.¹ 2(a)) and procumbent pearlwort (see pearlwort n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > climbing, spreading, or creeping

running1548

spreading1560

flat1578

ramping1578

wandering1590

upcreeping1611

gadding1638

rambling1653

obsequious1657

reptant1657

scansive1657

scansory1657

procumbent1668

repent1669

scandenta1682

supine1686

scrambling1688

creeping1697

sarmentous1721

reptile1727

sarmentose1760

prostrate1773

trailing1785

decumbent1789

travelling1822

vagrant1827

sarmentaceous1830

humifuse1854

sarmentiferous1858

amphibryous1866

humistratous1880

climbing1882

clambering1883

the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [adjective] > procumbent or growing upwards

procumbent1668

ascending1854

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adjective]

lyingc1000

couchant1601

prone1610

jacent1611

decumbent1656

cumbentc1660

recumbent1664

recline1667

procumbent1668

discumbent1693

reclining1748

couched1807

Récamier1904

Madame Récamier1913

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. §4. 82 Short and slender, upon week procumbent stalks, full of joynts.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. iv. 117 Procumbent leaves, which ly down flat on the ground trailing on the earth.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 416 Neither grows it upright and spiked, but procumbent and racemose.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Veronica The common small procumbent Veronica, called male Speedwell.

1798 Bot. Mag. 12 404 Seedling plants, when old enough to flower, throw out on all sides procumbent flowering stems, which die away after ripening the seeds.

1829 T. Castle Introd. Systematical & Physiol. Bot. 55 Procumbent—[the leaves] lying on the surface of the ground, as in the common daisy.

1851 T. Moore Brit. Ferns 195 Lycopodium selaginoides..has a slender, procumbent, often branched stem.

1896 Amer. Anthropologist 9 18 Wiwa: from wiwai, to stumble, alluding to its procumbent stems tripping the foot of the passer.

1928 Garden & Home Builder Jan. 471/2 The Snake Cactus (C. eruca) is one of the curiosities of the genus owing to its procumbent habit which gives it a snake-like appearance.

1937 S. F. Armstrong Brit. Grasses (ed. 3) vii. 103 Stems procumbent, often creeping and forming adventitious roots at the nodes.

1976 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post–Crescent 19 June 8/1 It [sc. Medicago lupulina] is very invasive in lawns with procumbent stems trailing along the surface of the ground, under which deeply penetrates a dense taproot.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 105 The largest bryophyte forms are aquatic, procumbent or pendulous forms up to a metre in length.

2. Lying face down, prone; prostrate.

ΚΠ

1701 W. Anstruther Ess., Moral & Divine i. 14 But their terrain and procumbent understandings, were so deflected by the fall of the lapsed Angels, upon their Nature, which they did not understand.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Procumbent, lying down, prone.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. ix. 580 Procumbent, each obey'd.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 695 It [sc. bleeding] will cease upon bending the head forward or lying procumbent.

1929 F. Hackett Henry the Eighth iii. 176 This gleaming city in a lazy blue haze, procumbent by the Tiber and stretching itself in graceful indolence on seven hills.

1993 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 11 July 25 Soon there was hot food and the fireside to be shared with cats and procumbent dog.

a. Zoology. Of a part or structure: lying flat, prostrate; markedly inclined, not erect or vertical.

ΚΠ

1848 G. Mantell in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 138 196 The edentulous, expanded, scoop-shaped, procumbent symphysis of the lower jaw of the Iguanodon has no parallel among either existing or fossil reptiles.

1889 Amer. Naturalist 23 148 The hair..is procumbent and radiates in all directions from a point on the middle line posterior to the ears.

1920 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 46 249 Caudal femora with ventro-external margin armed with..very small, short, procumbent spines.

1997 Jrnl. Palaeontol. 71 725/1 Tooth plates are set close together..and have a strong, procumbent mediolingual keel.

b. Zoology and Dentistry. Of a tooth, esp. an incisor: inclined forwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having teeth > lying along the jaw

procumbent1853

1853 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 297 All the herbivorous Marsupials have a single pair of large procumbent incisors, and no canines, in the lower jaw.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 506/1 In the lower jaw [of Caenolestes] there is a single pair of procumbent incisors.

1977 M. L. Roonwal & S. M. Mohnot Primates S. Asia 41 It holds small fruit in both hands while chewing, and larger food, such as an unpeeled banana, is chipped with its procumbent lower incisors.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Orthodontics 20 95/1 The maxillary incisors were protrusive and procumbent while the lower incisors were in normal position.

4. Botany. Of a ray cell: having its long axis oriented radially, rather than vertically.

ΚΠ

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 486 Medullary rays with procumbent cells are..easy to distinguish from parenchyma of the bundles.

1939 New Phytologist 38 152 The upright cells are distinctly higher axially than the procumbent cells and narrower radially; they can be distinguished in tangential sections.

1992 IAWA Bull. 13 397 Rays are primarily composed of procumbent ray cells but a few species have a larger volume of upright ray cells than procumbent ray cells.

Derivatives

proˈcumbency n. the condition or degree of being procumbent.

ΚΠ

1917 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 16 479 [This] latter view seems the more probable on account of the procumbency indicated.

1998 B. Campbell Human Evol. (ed. 4) x. 290 [The incisors] lie in a curve instead of in a straight line..and lose their procumbency.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	procumbent
释义	procumbentadj. Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈkʌmb(ə)nt/, U.S. /proʊˈkəmb(ə)nt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin prōcumbent-, prōcumbēns. Etymology: < classical Latin prōcumbent-, prōcumbēns, present participle of prōcumbere to lean forward, to fall forward, to lie down < prō- pro- prefix¹ + -cumbere to lay oneself (only attested in compounds: see cumbent adj.). 1. Botany. Of a plant, leaf, or stem: lying flat on the ground, especially without rooting; trailing or growing along the ground. Also: designating this habit of growth. Cf. prostrate adj. 3.Used in the names of plants, as procumbent marshwort (see marshwort n.¹ 2(a)) and procumbent pearlwort (see pearlwort n.). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > [adjective] > climbing, spreading, or creeping running1548 spreading1560 flat1578 ramping1578 wandering1590 upcreeping1611 gadding1638 rambling1653 obsequious1657 reptant1657 scansive1657 scansory1657 procumbent1668 repent1669 scandenta1682 supine1686 scrambling1688 creeping1697 sarmentous1721 reptile1727 sarmentose1760 prostrate1773 trailing1785 decumbent1789 travelling1822 vagrant1827 sarmentaceous1830 humifuse1854 sarmentiferous1858 amphibryous1866 humistratous1880 climbing1882 clambering1883 the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [adjective] > procumbent or growing upwards procumbent1668 ascending1854 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [adjective] lyingc1000 couchant1601 prone1610 jacent1611 decumbent1656 cumbentc1660 recumbent1664 recline1667 procumbent1668 discumbent1693 reclining1748 couched1807 Récamier1904 Madame Récamier1913 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. §4. 82 Short and slender, upon week procumbent stalks, full of joynts. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. iv. 117 Procumbent leaves, which ly down flat on the ground trailing on the earth. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 416 Neither grows it upright and spiked, but procumbent and racemose. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Veronica The common small procumbent Veronica, called male Speedwell. 1798 Bot. Mag. 12 404 Seedling plants, when old enough to flower, throw out on all sides procumbent flowering stems, which die away after ripening the seeds. 1829 T. Castle Introd. Systematical & Physiol. Bot. 55 Procumbent—[the leaves] lying on the surface of the ground, as in the common daisy. 1851 T. Moore Brit. Ferns 195 Lycopodium selaginoides..has a slender, procumbent, often branched stem. 1896 Amer. Anthropologist 9 18 Wiwa: from wiwai, to stumble, alluding to its procumbent stems tripping the foot of the passer. 1928 Garden & Home Builder Jan. 471/2 The Snake Cactus (C. eruca) is one of the curiosities of the genus owing to its procumbent habit which gives it a snake-like appearance. 1937 S. F. Armstrong Brit. Grasses (ed. 3) vii. 103 Stems procumbent, often creeping and forming adventitious roots at the nodes. 1976 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post–Crescent 19 June 8/1 It [sc. Medicago lupulina] is very invasive in lawns with procumbent stems trailing along the surface of the ground, under which deeply penetrates a dense taproot. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 105 The largest bryophyte forms are aquatic, procumbent or pendulous forms up to a metre in length. 2. Lying face down, prone; prostrate. ΚΠ 1701 W. Anstruther Ess., Moral & Divine i. 14 But their terrain and procumbent understandings, were so deflected by the fall of the lapsed Angels, upon their Nature, which they did not understand. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Procumbent, lying down, prone. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. ix. 580 Procumbent, each obey'd. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 695 It [sc. bleeding] will cease upon bending the head forward or lying procumbent. 1929 F. Hackett Henry the Eighth iii. 176 This gleaming city in a lazy blue haze, procumbent by the Tiber and stretching itself in graceful indolence on seven hills. 1993 Guardian Weekly (Nexis) 11 July 25 Soon there was hot food and the fireside to be shared with cats and procumbent dog. 3. a. Zoology. Of a part or structure: lying flat, prostrate; markedly inclined, not erect or vertical. ΚΠ 1848 G. Mantell in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 138 196 The edentulous, expanded, scoop-shaped, procumbent symphysis of the lower jaw of the Iguanodon has no parallel among either existing or fossil reptiles. 1889 Amer. Naturalist 23 148 The hair..is procumbent and radiates in all directions from a point on the middle line posterior to the ears. 1920 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 46 249 Caudal femora with ventro-external margin armed with..very small, short, procumbent spines. 1997 Jrnl. Palaeontol. 71 725/1 Tooth plates are set close together..and have a strong, procumbent mediolingual keel. b. Zoology and Dentistry. Of a tooth, esp. an incisor: inclined forwards. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having teeth > lying along the jaw procumbent1853 1853 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 297 All the herbivorous Marsupials have a single pair of large procumbent incisors, and no canines, in the lower jaw. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 506/1 In the lower jaw [of Caenolestes] there is a single pair of procumbent incisors. 1977 M. L. Roonwal & S. M. Mohnot Primates S. Asia 41 It holds small fruit in both hands while chewing, and larger food, such as an unpeeled banana, is chipped with its procumbent lower incisors. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Orthodontics 20 95/1 The maxillary incisors were protrusive and procumbent while the lower incisors were in normal position. 4. Botany. Of a ray cell: having its long axis oriented radially, rather than vertically. ΚΠ 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 486 Medullary rays with procumbent cells are..easy to distinguish from parenchyma of the bundles. 1939 New Phytologist 38 152 The upright cells are distinctly higher axially than the procumbent cells and narrower radially; they can be distinguished in tangential sections. 1992 IAWA Bull. 13 397 Rays are primarily composed of procumbent ray cells but a few species have a larger volume of upright ray cells than procumbent ray cells. Derivatives proˈcumbency n. the condition or degree of being procumbent. ΚΠ 1917 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 16 479 [This] latter view seems the more probable on account of the procumbency indicated. 1998 B. Campbell Human Evol. (ed. 4) x. 290 [The incisors] lie in a curve instead of in a straight line..and lose their procumbency. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1668
随便看	parted per pale parted per pile traverse partedness partel parten partening parter parterra parterre parterre-like parterred parterrelike parterres parters partest partex partexchange partfray parth partheniad parthenian parthenic parthenic acid parthenicine parthenin