procto-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel proct-.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin procto-.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin procto- (1768 or earlier) < ancient Greek πρωκτο-, combining form (in e.g. πρωκτοπεντετηρίς quinquennial debauchery) of πρωκτός anus, probably < the same Indo-European base as Armenian erastan-k‘ anus.Found in borrowings and adaptations of Latin words from the late 18th cent. onwards (earliest in proctalgia n.); formations within English are found from the 19th cent. onwards. Compare French procto-, found in adaptations of Latin words from the late 18th cent. onwards.

Chiefly Medicine and Surgery.

Forming terms relating to the anus or the rectum.

† proctagra n. Medicine Obsolete rare = proctalgia n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 701/2 Proctagra,..gout in the rectum. Proctalgia.

† proctatresia n. Medicine Obsolete rare imperforate anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 504/2 Proctatresia, imperforate state of the anus.

† proctatresy n. Medicine Obsolete rare imperforate anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1018/2 Proctatresia, term for imperforate anus: proctatresy.

proctectomy n.

Brit.

/prɒkˈtɛktəmi/

U.S.

/prɑkˈtɛktəmi/

Surgery surgical excision of the rectum; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1889 Lancet 17 Aug. 333/1 He would deal only with proctectomy, which of late had been forced into prominence by the success of German operators.

1986 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 151 157 The proctectomies were performed using a two-team synchronous approach.

2001 Amer. Jrnl. Gastroenterol. 96 S216 The patient subsequently underwent proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease.

proctocele n.

Brit.

/ˈprɒkəsiːl/

U.S.

/ˈprɑktəˌsil/

[after scientific Latin proctocele (1768 or earlier)] Medicine rare a herniated or prolapsed rectum; = rectocele n.

ΚΠ

1833 R. Dunglison New Dict. Med. Sci. II. 217/1 Proctocele.

1946 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 71 170/1 Proctocele, herniation of rectum through posterior pelvic floor slit.

1985 Radiology 155 45 A deep rectogenital fossa associated with an enterocele was seen in 16 patients; 13 had a proctocele, while fecal retention was seen in 5.

proctocolectomy n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)kəˈlɛktəmi/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktoʊkəˈlɛktəmi/

/ˌprɑktoʊˌkoʊˈlɛktəmi/

Surgery surgical excision of the rectum and the colon; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1952 Lancet 29 Nov. 1050/2 Proctocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis has the merit of removing all the diseased mucosa.

1990 Lancet 11 Aug. 358/1 Patients who had undergone a proctocolectomy, a colectomy, or rectal amputation in 1965–83 were identified.

2005 Hepatogastroenterology 52 1101 Restorative proctocolectomy is the ‘golden standard’ in surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis.

proctocolitis n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)kəˈlʌɪtᵻs/

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)kɒˈlʌɪtᵻs/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktoʊkəˈlaɪdᵻs/

Medicine inflammation of the rectum and colon.

ΚΠ

1931 Lancet 12 Dec. 1331/1 Mr. E. T. C. Milligan: Procto-colitis.

1933 Lancet 11 Mar. 528/2 Mr. E. T. C. Milligan differentiated between non-tropical ulcerative proctocolitis and granular proctocolitis.

1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 2436/2 Tissue specimens from patients with nonspecific proctocolitis exhibit mixed nuclear morphologies of bi-lobed and single-lobed eosinophils.

† proctocystotome n. Surgery Obsolete rare a surgical instrument for performing proctocystotomy.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1019/1 Proctocystotomus, name for an instrument for performing the operation of proctocystotomy: a proctocystotome.

† proctocystotomy n. Surgery Obsolete rare surgical incision into the urinary bladder performed through the anterior wall of the rectum.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1019/1 Proctocystotomia, term for the recto-vaginal section: proctocystotomy.

proctodynia n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)ˈdɪnɪə/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktəˈdɪniə/

Medicine pain in the anus or rectum; (in later use) spec. constant anorectal pain (cf. proctalgia n.).

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 702/1 Proctodynia, proctalgia.

1952 Lancet 23 Feb. 424/1 This curious pain [sc. proctalgia fugax] is either idiopathic proctodynia or a spasm of the rectum.

1997 Pain 73 282/1 Pain in the rectal-anal area, can occur as a constant pain (proctodynia) or as paroxysms of pain (proctalgia fugax).

† proctoncus n. [ < procto- comb. form + ancient Greek ὄγκος mass, bulk, in Byzantine Greek also tumour (see onco- comb. form)] Medicine Obsolete rare swelling of the anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 702/1 Proctoncus, swelling of the anus.

proctoparalysis n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)pəˈralᵻsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktoʊpəˈræləsəs/

Medicine rare paralysis of the muscles of the rectum.

ΚΠ

1851 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 8) 715/2 Proctoparalysis, paralysis of the muscles of the rectum.

1992 European Jrnl. Radiol. 15 66/1 Atonic paresis starting from the first lumbar vertebra with cystoparalysis and proctoparalysis.

† proctopolypus n. Medicine Obsolete rare a polyp of the anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1019/1 Proctopolypus, term for polypus of the anus.

† proctoptoma n. [ < procto- comb. form + ancient Greek πτῶμα fall (see ptomaine n.)] Medicine Obsolete rare = proctocele n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 702/1 Proctoptoma, proctocele.

proctoptosis n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktɒpˈtəʊsɪs/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktɑpˈtoʊsəs/

Medicine rare prolapse of the rectum.

ΚΠ

1833 R. Dunglison New Dict. Med. Sci. II. 217/1 Proctocele,..Prolapsus Ani, Proctoptosis, Proctosis, Archoptosis.

2004 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Toxicol. Methods 50 84/1 At 8–12 weeks, proctoptosis and anal bleeding occurred.

proctorrhagia n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktəˈreɪdʒɪə/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/

[perhaps after French proctorrhagie (1824)] Medicine rare bleeding from the rectum or anus.

ΚΠ

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) 574/2 Proctorrhagia, hæmorrhoidal flux.

1960 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 99 663/2 Hematemesis, proctorrhagia or postive abdominal paracentesis were secondary indications for celiotomy.

2005 Resuscitation 66 332/1 Hematemesis, melaena, proctorrhagia.

proctorrhaphy n.

Brit.

/prɒkˈtɒrəfi/

U.S.

/prɑkˈtɔrəfi/

Surgery rare surgical repair of the rectum.

ΚΠ

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 392/2 Proctorrhaphy.

1939 Western Jrnl. Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. 47 403/1 A method of proctorrhaphy is outlined which affords..the complete removal of the pathology of infected crypts.

† proctorrhoea n. [after scientific Latin proctorrhoea (1780 or earlier)] Medicine Obsolete rare mucous discharge from the anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1787 Quincy's Lexicon Physico-medicum (ed. 10) 689/1 Proctorrhœa, a mucous flux from the external hæmorrhoidal vessels.

proctosigmoidoscope n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)sɪɡˈmɔɪdəskəʊp/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktoʊˌsɪɡˈmɔɪdəˌskoʊp/

Medicine and Surgery an instrument for the visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon; a proctoscope.

ΚΠ

1923 S. G. Gant Dis. Rectum, Anus, & Colon I. 79 (caption) Gant's proctosigmoidoscopes.

1957 J. P. Nesselrod Clin. Proctol. (ed. 2) 35 From a practical viewpoint the term ‘proctosigmoidoscope’ is too cumbersome. This term has given way to the simpler one, ‘proctoscope’.

1994 Consultant Apr. 561 Flexible proctosigmoidoscopes are generally replacing the rigid proctoscopes, thus providing greater patient comfort and enabling a more protracted examination.

proctosigmoidoscopic adj.

Brit.

/ˌprɒtə(ʊ)sɪɡmɔɪdəˈskɒpɪk/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktoʊˌsɪɡˌmɔɪdəˈskɑpɪk/

Medicine and Surgery of, relating to, or involving proctosigmoidoscopy.

ΚΠ

1923 S. G. Gant Dis. Rectum, Anus, & Colon III. Index 514/2 Proctosigmoidoscopic.

1992 Digestive Dis. & Sci. 37 1903 Normal mucosa was found mainly in specimens from the rectosigmoid, and proctosigmoidoscopic examinations alone would have missed the diagnosis of collagenous colitis in 40% of cases.

proctosigmoidoscopy n.

Brit.

/ˌprɒktə(ʊ)sɪɡmɔɪˈdɒskəpi/

U.S.

/ˌprɑktoʊˌsɪɡmɔɪˈdɑskəpi/

Medicine and Surgery visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon; use of a proctosigmoidoscope; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1936 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 32 95/2 Routine proctosigmoidoscopy is recommended as part of every complete physical examination.

1957 Gastroenterology 32 704 (title) The incidence of polyps in 500 proctosigmoidoscopies in asymptomatic young men.

1990 Dis. Colon & Rectum 30 722/1 The debate as to whether colonoscopy or flexible proctosigmoidoscopy is the most cost-effective tool with which to screen the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer.

2001 C. Palahniuk Choke xxxvii. 233 Really this would take an abdominal roentgenogram and proctosigmoidoscopy... Picture the sigmoidoscope view on a television screen, a bright light pushing along a clenched tunnel of mucosal tissue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	procto-
释义	procto-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel proct-. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin procto-. Etymology: < post-classical Latin procto- (1768 or earlier) < ancient Greek πρωκτο-, combining form (in e.g. πρωκτοπεντετηρίς quinquennial debauchery) of πρωκτός anus, probably < the same Indo-European base as Armenian erastan-k‘ anus.Found in borrowings and adaptations of Latin words from the late 18th cent. onwards (earliest in proctalgia n.); formations within English are found from the 19th cent. onwards. Compare French procto-, found in adaptations of Latin words from the late 18th cent. onwards. Chiefly Medicine and Surgery. Forming terms relating to the anus or the rectum. † proctagra n. Medicine Obsolete rare = proctalgia n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 701/2 Proctagra,..gout in the rectum. Proctalgia. † proctatresia n. Medicine Obsolete rare imperforate anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 504/2 Proctatresia, imperforate state of the anus. † proctatresy n. Medicine Obsolete rare imperforate anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1018/2 Proctatresia, term for imperforate anus: proctatresy. proctectomy n. Brit. /prɒkˈtɛktəmi/ , U.S. /prɑkˈtɛktəmi/ Surgery surgical excision of the rectum; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1889 Lancet 17 Aug. 333/1 He would deal only with proctectomy, which of late had been forced into prominence by the success of German operators. 1986 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 151 157 The proctectomies were performed using a two-team synchronous approach. 2001 Amer. Jrnl. Gastroenterol. 96 S216 The patient subsequently underwent proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis for Hirschsprung's disease. proctocele n. Brit. /ˈprɒkəsiːl/ , U.S. /ˈprɑktəˌsil/ [after scientific Latin proctocele (1768 or earlier)] Medicine rare a herniated or prolapsed rectum; = rectocele n. ΚΠ 1833 R. Dunglison New Dict. Med. Sci. II. 217/1 Proctocele. 1946 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 71 170/1 Proctocele, herniation of rectum through posterior pelvic floor slit. 1985 Radiology 155 45 A deep rectogenital fossa associated with an enterocele was seen in 16 patients; 13 had a proctocele, while fecal retention was seen in 5. proctocolectomy n. Brit. /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)kəˈlɛktəmi/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktoʊkəˈlɛktəmi/ , /ˌprɑktoʊˌkoʊˈlɛktəmi/ Surgery surgical excision of the rectum and the colon; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1952 Lancet 29 Nov. 1050/2 Proctocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis has the merit of removing all the diseased mucosa. 1990 Lancet 11 Aug. 358/1 Patients who had undergone a proctocolectomy, a colectomy, or rectal amputation in 1965–83 were identified. 2005 Hepatogastroenterology 52 1101 Restorative proctocolectomy is the ‘golden standard’ in surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. proctocolitis n. Brit. /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)kəˈlʌɪtᵻs/ , /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)kɒˈlʌɪtᵻs/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktoʊkəˈlaɪdᵻs/ Medicine inflammation of the rectum and colon. ΚΠ 1931 Lancet 12 Dec. 1331/1 Mr. E. T. C. Milligan: Procto-colitis. 1933 Lancet 11 Mar. 528/2 Mr. E. T. C. Milligan differentiated between non-tropical ulcerative proctocolitis and granular proctocolitis. 1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 2436/2 Tissue specimens from patients with nonspecific proctocolitis exhibit mixed nuclear morphologies of bi-lobed and single-lobed eosinophils. † proctocystotome n. Surgery Obsolete rare a surgical instrument for performing proctocystotomy.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1019/1 Proctocystotomus, name for an instrument for performing the operation of proctocystotomy: a proctocystotome. † proctocystotomy n. Surgery Obsolete rare surgical incision into the urinary bladder performed through the anterior wall of the rectum.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1019/1 Proctocystotomia, term for the recto-vaginal section: proctocystotomy. proctodynia n. Brit. /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)ˈdɪnɪə/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktəˈdɪniə/ Medicine pain in the anus or rectum; (in later use) spec. constant anorectal pain (cf. proctalgia n.). ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 702/1 Proctodynia, proctalgia. 1952 Lancet 23 Feb. 424/1 This curious pain [sc. proctalgia fugax] is either idiopathic proctodynia or a spasm of the rectum. 1997 Pain 73 282/1 Pain in the rectal-anal area, can occur as a constant pain (proctodynia) or as paroxysms of pain (proctalgia fugax). † proctoncus n. [ < procto- comb. form + ancient Greek ὄγκος mass, bulk, in Byzantine Greek also tumour (see onco- comb. form)] Medicine Obsolete rare swelling of the anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 702/1 Proctoncus, swelling of the anus. proctoparalysis n. Brit. /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)pəˈralᵻsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktoʊpəˈræləsəs/ Medicine rare paralysis of the muscles of the rectum. ΚΠ 1851 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 8) 715/2 Proctoparalysis, paralysis of the muscles of the rectum. 1992 European Jrnl. Radiol. 15 66/1 Atonic paresis starting from the first lumbar vertebra with cystoparalysis and proctoparalysis. † proctopolypus n. Medicine Obsolete rare a polyp of the anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1019/1 Proctopolypus, term for polypus of the anus. † proctoptoma n. [ < procto- comb. form + ancient Greek πτῶμα fall (see ptomaine n.)] Medicine Obsolete rare = proctocele n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 702/1 Proctoptoma, proctocele. proctoptosis n. Brit. /ˌprɒktɒpˈtəʊsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktɑpˈtoʊsəs/ Medicine rare prolapse of the rectum. ΚΠ 1833 R. Dunglison New Dict. Med. Sci. II. 217/1 Proctocele,..Prolapsus Ani, Proctoptosis, Proctosis, Archoptosis. 2004 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Toxicol. Methods 50 84/1 At 8–12 weeks, proctoptosis and anal bleeding occurred. proctorrhagia n. Brit. /ˌprɒktəˈreɪdʒɪə/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktəˈreɪdʒ(i)ə/ [perhaps after French proctorrhagie (1824)] Medicine rare bleeding from the rectum or anus. ΚΠ 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) 574/2 Proctorrhagia, hæmorrhoidal flux. 1960 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 99 663/2 Hematemesis, proctorrhagia or postive abdominal paracentesis were secondary indications for celiotomy. 2005 Resuscitation 66 332/1 Hematemesis, melaena, proctorrhagia. proctorrhaphy n. Brit. /prɒkˈtɒrəfi/ , U.S. /prɑkˈtɔrəfi/ Surgery rare surgical repair of the rectum. ΚΠ 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 392/2 Proctorrhaphy. 1939 Western Jrnl. Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. 47 403/1 A method of proctorrhaphy is outlined which affords..the complete removal of the pathology of infected crypts. † proctorrhoea n. [after scientific Latin proctorrhoea (1780 or earlier)] Medicine Obsolete rare mucous discharge from the anus.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1787 Quincy's Lexicon Physico-medicum (ed. 10) 689/1 Proctorrhœa, a mucous flux from the external hæmorrhoidal vessels. proctosigmoidoscope n. Brit. /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)sɪɡˈmɔɪdəskəʊp/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktoʊˌsɪɡˈmɔɪdəˌskoʊp/ Medicine and Surgery an instrument for the visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon; a proctoscope. ΚΠ 1923 S. G. Gant Dis. Rectum, Anus, & Colon I. 79 (caption) Gant's proctosigmoidoscopes. 1957 J. P. Nesselrod Clin. Proctol. (ed. 2) 35 From a practical viewpoint the term ‘proctosigmoidoscope’ is too cumbersome. This term has given way to the simpler one, ‘proctoscope’. 1994 Consultant Apr. 561 Flexible proctosigmoidoscopes are generally replacing the rigid proctoscopes, thus providing greater patient comfort and enabling a more protracted examination. proctosigmoidoscopic adj. Brit. /ˌprɒtə(ʊ)sɪɡmɔɪdəˈskɒpɪk/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktoʊˌsɪɡˌmɔɪdəˈskɑpɪk/ Medicine and Surgery of, relating to, or involving proctosigmoidoscopy. ΚΠ 1923 S. G. Gant Dis. Rectum, Anus, & Colon III. Index 514/2 Proctosigmoidoscopic. 1992 Digestive Dis. & Sci. 37 1903 Normal mucosa was found mainly in specimens from the rectosigmoid, and proctosigmoidoscopic examinations alone would have missed the diagnosis of collagenous colitis in 40% of cases. proctosigmoidoscopy n. Brit. /ˌprɒktə(ʊ)sɪɡmɔɪˈdɒskəpi/ , U.S. /ˌprɑktoʊˌsɪɡmɔɪˈdɑskəpi/ Medicine and Surgery visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon; use of a proctosigmoidoscope; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1936 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 32 95/2 Routine proctosigmoidoscopy is recommended as part of every complete physical examination. 1957 Gastroenterology 32 704 (title) The incidence of polyps in 500 proctosigmoidoscopies in asymptomatic young men. 1990 Dis. Colon & Rectum 30 722/1 The debate as to whether colonoscopy or flexible proctosigmoidoscopy is the most cost-effective tool with which to screen the first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer. 2001 C. Palahniuk Choke xxxvii. 233 Really this would take an abdominal roentgenogram and proctosigmoidoscopy... Picture the sigmoidoscope view on a television screen, a bright light pushing along a clenched tunnel of mucosal tissue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1787
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