prevaricatorn.

Brit.

/prᵻˈvarᵻkeɪtə/, U.S.

/priˈvɛrəˌkeɪdər/,

/prəˈvɛrəˌkeɪdər/

Forms: late Middle English preuarycatour, late Middle English–1600s preuaricatour, 1500s–1600s prevaricatour, 1500s– prevaricator, 1600s–1800s praevaricator.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prevaricateur; Latin praevāricātor.

Etymology: < Middle French prevaricateur (French prévaricateur ) person who breaks the law, traitor, betrayer (13th cent. in Old French as prevaricator ; also in Old French as prevaricatour ), sinner (1382) and its etymon classical Latin praevāricātor advocate who acts in collusion with his opponent, in post-classical Latin also transgressor, perverter, corruptor (Vulgate), traitor (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < praevāricāt- , past participial stem of praevāricārī (see prevaricate v.) + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prevaricador (14th cent.), Catalan prevaricador (early 15th cent.), Spanish prevaricador (1400), Portuguese prevaricador (1589), Italian prevaricatore (a1375). Compare earlier prevarication n.With sense 3 compare Cicero Partitiones Oratoriae 36. 126 Praevaricator significat eum qui in contrariis causis quasi varie esse positus videatur, ‘a prevaricator is a person who seems to be placed variously on both sides of a case’.

a. A person who deviates from a course seen to be correct or right, a code of conduct or ethics, etc.; a transgressor. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > erring > errant person > [noun]

prevaricatora1425

by-walker1549

swerver1598

tripper1806

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > evil-doer > offender or transgressor

guilter12..

trespasser1362

transgressor1377

prevaricatora1425

surfeitera1425

offendera1450

delinquent1484

committer1509

violater1523

faulter1535

violator?1535

offendent1580

peccant1621

exceeder1625

moocher1675

culprit1769

sinner1809

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Gal. ii. 18 If þerfore þise thyngys þat I hafe destryed eft I bilde ageyn, I stable me to be preuarycatour [L. preuaricatorem].

1542 T. Becon Christmas Bankette sig. C.iiij^v The fyrst sinner, y^e fyrst preuaricatour begat synners bonde to death.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Gal. ii. 18 For if I build the same things againe which I have destroied, I make myself a prevaricatour [ Wyclif, Tindale trespassour, 1611 transgressour].

1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 74 Which neither Fox, nor any of his Followers have done; and therefore are accus'd by them as Prevaricators from their own Principles.

1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. ii. xi. 176 Thou prevaricator of all the squirely ordinances of chivalry!

1839 Times 16 Sept. 16/4 We find one of your Saints, Hilary, thus addressing him—‘I anathematize thee, thou prevaricator, Liberius!’.

1951 R. J. Deferrari tr. Hugh of St Victor On Sacraments Christ. Faith v. 291 He who neither before was a contemner of the counsel nor afterwards a prevaricator of the precept was not to be blamed.

1997 A. C. Pegis tr. St Augustine Basic Writings II. 996 The light of truth rightly deserts the prevaricator of the law, and he who has been thus deserted becomes blind.

†b. A person who betrays a cause or violates a trust; a renegade; a traitor. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > [noun] > breach of pledge or agreement > one who

warlockOE

prevaricatora1500

league breaker1561

break-vow1582

oath-breaker1601

break-promisea1616

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 102 (MED) They..did lawe vpon the traytours and preuaricatours [Fr. prevaricateurs].

a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 177 The King..licensed Queen Katherine to choose counsellors where she would..whereof some played very honest parts and stood stiffly and fast to her cause, some played the prevaricators, and fled from her to the King's side.

a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xv. 170 in Wks. (1640) III Where..lowd Boasters, and perjur'd, with the infinite more Prævaricators swarme.

1721 R. Welton tr. T. Alvares de Andrade Sufferings Son of God II. 713 He Looks upon us as False Friends, and True Prevaricators.

1800 tr. Resol. Helvetic Directory 12 Oct. in Coll. State Papers relative to War against France IX. 28 To furnish no requisition or contribution..without being formally authorized to the effect..under the penalty of being..treated as prevaricators and traitors to their country.

1869 Times 1 June 12 Demosthenes.., who was driven from Athens as a prevaricator.

2. A person who diverts something from its proper use; a perverter, corrupter of something. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [noun] > misapplication > perversion > one who

prevaricator1610

perverter1781

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Dan. xi. 14 The children of prevaricators [L. praevaricatorum] of thy people shall lift up themselves to fulfil the vision, and they shall fall.

1694 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: Pt. 1 iv. i. 40 A plague on thee, thou confounded Prevaricator of Language.

1779 tr. C. F. X. Millot Elements Gen. Hist.: Pt. Second II. 34 Some learned men, who..heaped abuse upon the pontiff, calling him prevaricator, a corruptor of manners.

1907 Contemp. Rev. June 797 Knowing that such prevaricators of tithes were destined to find their part in hell with Cain.

1997 L. Olsen Ellipse of Uncertainty: Introd. Postmodern Fantasy ii. 32 If the reader chooses to enter the text with the intent to discover ‘the true meaning,’ he instantly becomes a prevaricator of meaning.

3. Cambridge University. An orator who makes a humorous or satirical speech at the degree ceremony; = varier n. 1. Now historical.In quot. 1885 applied to an analogous orator at Oxford University; = terrae filius n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > one who makes a speech or speeches > in universities

orator1592

prevaricator1615

varier1615

terrae filius1651

variator1749

1615 J. Chamberlain Let. 15 Mar. (1939) I. ccxxv. 587 The bishop of Ely sent the moderator, the auswerer, the varier or prævaricator, and one of the repliers, that were all of his house twenty angells a-peece.

1636 Doc. Sept. in C. H. Cooper Annals Cambridge (1845) III. 280 St. Mary's Church [Cambridge] at every Great Commencement is made a theatre and the prævaricator's stage, wherein he acts and sets forth his profane and scurrilous jests.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Prevaricator.., also a Master of Arts in the University of Cambridge, chosen..to make an ingenious Satyrical Speech reflecting on the Misdemeanours of the principal Members.

1851 Coll. Life t. Jas. I 84 The Praevaricator's gibes were launched forth at all present.

1885 Antiquary Oct. 154/1 Randolph the poet appears to have been the prevaricator for 1632.

1955 Renaissance News 8 179 The varier or prevaricator was an official humorist introduced into the disputation at Cambridge immediately after the pater academicus had presented his protégé.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 57 In earlier days, it was neither the nervous candidate, nor the severe examiner, who sat on the ‘tripos’; this was occupied by..the ‘prevaricator’ who, from the 14th century..was present in order to inject some light relief into the proceedings.

4. A person who pretends to support or promote a cause in order to betray it; spec. a lawyer or advocate who betrays the interests of a client through collusion with an opponent (see prevaricate v. 3a). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd > who betrays client's case by collusion

prevaricator1638

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. Pref. §21 Do we know the Jesuits no better than so? What, are they turned Prevaricators against their own Faction? Are they likely Men to betray and expose their own Agents and Instruments?

1696 B. Kennett Romæ Antiquæ Notitia ii. iii. xviii. 136 The Civilians define a Prevaricator to be one that betrays his Cause to the Adversary, and turns on the Criminal's side whom he ought to prosecute.

1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. iii. xi. 131 I learnt this publick Cause of Norbanus, and ought to have it a-new inculcated, if he was prov'd to be a Prevaricator.

1793 A. Murphy tr. Tacitus Ann. (1805) III. 355 All persons concerned either in procuring or conducting for hire a collusive action, were to be treated as public prevaricators.

1918 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 39 408 The prevaricator is one who by previous arrangement proceeds to ‘straddle’ the case and coöperate with his adversary.

5. A person who acts or speaks so as to evade the strict truth; an equivocator or dissembler, a quibbler. Hence, in later use: one who plays for time to avoid decision-making; one who delays or postpones action, a procrastinator.The later use may have arisen from a confusion of prevaricator and procrastinator: see note at prevaricate v. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar

liarc950

gabbera1325

fabler1362

wernard1362

leasing-mongerc1380

false sayera1382

leasing-maker1424

leasing-bearerc1440

contriver1477

drivelard1530

falsifier1532

lie-teller1552

Ananias1572

lick-dish1575

falsificator1609

fabulist1626

cracka1640

leaser1641

commentiter1645

prevaricator1650

cracker1652

bugiarda1670

rapper1758

pseudologist1804

Tom Pepper1818

wrinkler1819

lie-monger1830

untruther1889

tale-teller1894

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [noun] > one who acts evasively

corner-creeper1563

palterer1589

shuffler1621

prevaricator1650

hedger1728

twister1834

pussyfoot1907

pussyfooter1923

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 21 Who have forced Art (the usual imitator of Nature) to turn prævaricator in humanity.

1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons vi. 56 in Elements Philos. There was never seen worse reasoning than in that Philosophicall Essay; which..proceeded from a Prævaricator.

1723 D. Waterland 2nd Vind. Christ's Div. 157 Unless He were the greatest Prevaricator and Shuffler imaginable.

1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. viii. 29 The judge cried out, Clerk, hand me up the examination of this prevaricator.

1826 W. E. Andrews Crit. & Hist. Rev. Fox's Bk. Martyrs II. 52 A recanter, a prevaricator, and frontless liar.

1893 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 6 Sept. The prevaricators, who ever they were, said dogs could not be obtained.

1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xiii. 164 ‘You prevaricator’ she cried, in real indignation.

1988 M. Bishop Unicorn Mountain (1989) x. 114 So many of your wapiti are notorious prevaricators.

1991 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 12 Dec. Mr Hawke has been seen as indecisive, a prevaricator, at a time when the economic crisis demands urgent and decisive action.

2003 Scotsman (Nexis) 26 June 8 I'm a prevaricator. And, having taken two years to decide that, yes, I'm really going to do it this time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	prevaricator
释义	prevaricatorn. Brit. /prᵻˈvarᵻkeɪtə/, U.S. /priˈvɛrəˌkeɪdər/, /prəˈvɛrəˌkeɪdər/ Forms: late Middle English preuarycatour, late Middle English–1600s preuaricatour, 1500s–1600s prevaricatour, 1500s– prevaricator, 1600s–1800s praevaricator. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prevaricateur; Latin praevāricātor. Etymology: < Middle French prevaricateur (French prévaricateur ) person who breaks the law, traitor, betrayer (13th cent. in Old French as prevaricator ; also in Old French as prevaricatour ), sinner (1382) and its etymon classical Latin praevāricātor advocate who acts in collusion with his opponent, in post-classical Latin also transgressor, perverter, corruptor (Vulgate), traitor (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < praevāricāt- , past participial stem of praevāricārī (see prevaricate v.) + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prevaricador (14th cent.), Catalan prevaricador (early 15th cent.), Spanish prevaricador (1400), Portuguese prevaricador (1589), Italian prevaricatore (a1375). Compare earlier prevarication n.With sense 3 compare Cicero Partitiones Oratoriae 36. 126 Praevaricator significat eum qui in contrariis causis quasi varie esse positus videatur, ‘a prevaricator is a person who seems to be placed variously on both sides of a case’. 1. a. A person who deviates from a course seen to be correct or right, a code of conduct or ethics, etc.; a transgressor. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > erring > errant person > [noun] prevaricatora1425 by-walker1549 swerver1598 tripper1806 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > evil-doer > offender or transgressor guilter12.. trespasser1362 transgressor1377 prevaricatora1425 surfeitera1425 offendera1450 delinquent1484 committer1509 violater1523 faulter1535 violator?1535 offendent1580 peccant1621 exceeder1625 moocher1675 culprit1769 sinner1809 a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Gal. ii. 18 If þerfore þise thyngys þat I hafe destryed eft I bilde ageyn, I stable me to be preuarycatour [L. preuaricatorem]. 1542 T. Becon Christmas Bankette sig. C.iiij^v The fyrst sinner, y^e fyrst preuaricatour begat synners bonde to death. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Gal. ii. 18 For if I build the same things againe which I have destroied, I make myself a prevaricatour [ Wyclif, Tindale trespassour, 1611 transgressour]. 1697 C. Leslie Snake in Grass (ed. 2) 74 Which neither Fox, nor any of his Followers have done; and therefore are accus'd by them as Prevaricators from their own Principles. 1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. ii. xi. 176 Thou prevaricator of all the squirely ordinances of chivalry! 1839 Times 16 Sept. 16/4 We find one of your Saints, Hilary, thus addressing him—‘I anathematize thee, thou prevaricator, Liberius!’. 1951 R. J. Deferrari tr. Hugh of St Victor On Sacraments Christ. Faith v. 291 He who neither before was a contemner of the counsel nor afterwards a prevaricator of the precept was not to be blamed. 1997 A. C. Pegis tr. St Augustine Basic Writings II. 996 The light of truth rightly deserts the prevaricator of the law, and he who has been thus deserted becomes blind. †b. A person who betrays a cause or violates a trust; a renegade; a traitor. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > unfaithfulness > [noun] > breach of pledge or agreement > one who warlockOE prevaricatora1500 league breaker1561 break-vow1582 oath-breaker1601 break-promisea1616 a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 102 (MED) They..did lawe vpon the traytours and preuaricatours [Fr. prevaricateurs]. a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 177 The King..licensed Queen Katherine to choose counsellors where she would..whereof some played very honest parts and stood stiffly and fast to her cause, some played the prevaricators, and fled from her to the King's side. a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xv. 170 in Wks. (1640) III Where..lowd Boasters, and perjur'd, with the infinite more Prævaricators swarme. 1721 R. Welton tr. T. Alvares de Andrade Sufferings Son of God II. 713 He Looks upon us as False Friends, and True Prevaricators. 1800 tr. Resol. Helvetic Directory 12 Oct. in Coll. State Papers relative to War against France IX. 28 To furnish no requisition or contribution..without being formally authorized to the effect..under the penalty of being..treated as prevaricators and traitors to their country. 1869 Times 1 June 12 Demosthenes.., who was driven from Athens as a prevaricator. 2. A person who diverts something from its proper use; a perverter, corrupter of something. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [noun] > misapplication > perversion > one who prevaricator1610 perverter1781 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Dan. xi. 14 The children of prevaricators [L. praevaricatorum] of thy people shall lift up themselves to fulfil the vision, and they shall fall. 1694 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: Pt. 1 iv. i. 40 A plague on thee, thou confounded Prevaricator of Language. 1779 tr. C. F. X. Millot Elements Gen. Hist.: Pt. Second II. 34 Some learned men, who..heaped abuse upon the pontiff, calling him prevaricator, a corruptor of manners. 1907 Contemp. Rev. June 797 Knowing that such prevaricators of tithes were destined to find their part in hell with Cain. 1997 L. Olsen Ellipse of Uncertainty: Introd. Postmodern Fantasy ii. 32 If the reader chooses to enter the text with the intent to discover ‘the true meaning,’ he instantly becomes a prevaricator of meaning. 3. Cambridge University. An orator who makes a humorous or satirical speech at the degree ceremony; = varier n. 1. Now historical.In quot. 1885 applied to an analogous orator at Oxford University; = terrae filius n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > one who makes a speech or speeches > in universities orator1592 prevaricator1615 varier1615 terrae filius1651 variator1749 1615 J. Chamberlain Let. 15 Mar. (1939) I. ccxxv. 587 The bishop of Ely sent the moderator, the auswerer, the varier or prævaricator, and one of the repliers, that were all of his house twenty angells a-peece. 1636 Doc. Sept. in C. H. Cooper Annals Cambridge (1845) III. 280 St. Mary's Church [Cambridge] at every Great Commencement is made a theatre and the prævaricator's stage, wherein he acts and sets forth his profane and scurrilous jests. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Prevaricator.., also a Master of Arts in the University of Cambridge, chosen..to make an ingenious Satyrical Speech reflecting on the Misdemeanours of the principal Members. 1851 Coll. Life t. Jas. I 84 The Praevaricator's gibes were launched forth at all present. 1885 Antiquary Oct. 154/1 Randolph the poet appears to have been the prevaricator for 1632. 1955 Renaissance News 8 179 The varier or prevaricator was an official humorist introduced into the disputation at Cambridge immediately after the pater academicus had presented his protégé. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 57 In earlier days, it was neither the nervous candidate, nor the severe examiner, who sat on the ‘tripos’; this was occupied by..the ‘prevaricator’ who, from the 14th century..was present in order to inject some light relief into the proceedings. 4. A person who pretends to support or promote a cause in order to betray it; spec. a lawyer or advocate who betrays the interests of a client through collusion with an opponent (see prevaricate v. 3a). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd > who betrays client's case by collusion prevaricator1638 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. Pref. §21 Do we know the Jesuits no better than so? What, are they turned Prevaricators against their own Faction? Are they likely Men to betray and expose their own Agents and Instruments? 1696 B. Kennett Romæ Antiquæ Notitia ii. iii. xviii. 136 The Civilians define a Prevaricator to be one that betrays his Cause to the Adversary, and turns on the Criminal's side whom he ought to prosecute. 1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. iii. xi. 131 I learnt this publick Cause of Norbanus, and ought to have it a-new inculcated, if he was prov'd to be a Prevaricator. 1793 A. Murphy tr. Tacitus Ann. (1805) III. 355 All persons concerned either in procuring or conducting for hire a collusive action, were to be treated as public prevaricators. 1918 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 39 408 The prevaricator is one who by previous arrangement proceeds to ‘straddle’ the case and coöperate with his adversary. 5. A person who acts or speaks so as to evade the strict truth; an equivocator or dissembler, a quibbler. Hence, in later use: one who plays for time to avoid decision-making; one who delays or postpones action, a procrastinator.The later use may have arisen from a confusion of prevaricator and procrastinator: see note at prevaricate v. 3a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar liarc950 gabbera1325 fabler1362 wernard1362 leasing-mongerc1380 false sayera1382 leasing-maker1424 leasing-bearerc1440 contriver1477 drivelard1530 falsifier1532 lie-teller1552 Ananias1572 lick-dish1575 falsificator1609 fabulist1626 cracka1640 leaser1641 commentiter1645 prevaricator1650 cracker1652 bugiarda1670 rapper1758 pseudologist1804 Tom Pepper1818 wrinkler1819 lie-monger1830 untruther1889 tale-teller1894 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > [noun] > one who acts evasively corner-creeper1563 palterer1589 shuffler1621 prevaricator1650 hedger1728 twister1834 pussyfoot1907 pussyfooter1923 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 21 Who have forced Art (the usual imitator of Nature) to turn prævaricator in humanity. 1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons vi. 56 in Elements Philos. There was never seen worse reasoning than in that Philosophicall Essay; which..proceeded from a Prævaricator. 1723 D. Waterland 2nd Vind. Christ's Div. 157 Unless He were the greatest Prevaricator and Shuffler imaginable. 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. viii. 29 The judge cried out, Clerk, hand me up the examination of this prevaricator. 1826 W. E. Andrews Crit. & Hist. Rev. Fox's Bk. Martyrs II. 52 A recanter, a prevaricator, and frontless liar. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 6 Sept. The prevaricators, who ever they were, said dogs could not be obtained. 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xiii. 164 ‘You prevaricator’ she cried, in real indignation. 1988 M. Bishop Unicorn Mountain (1989) x. 114 So many of your wapiti are notorious prevaricators. 1991 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 12 Dec. Mr Hawke has been seen as indecisive, a prevaricator, at a time when the economic crisis demands urgent and decisive action. 2003 Scotsman (Nexis) 26 June 8 I'm a prevaricator. And, having taken two years to decide that, yes, I'm really going to do it this time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1425
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